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Analysis and Optimization of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for AVX Workloads Using a Software-Based Reimplementation
Analysis and Optimization of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for AVX Workloads Using a Software-Based Reimplementation Bachelor’s Thesis submitted by cand. inform. Yussuf Khalil to the KIT Department of Informatics Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Frank Bellosa Second Reviewer: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Karl Advisor: Mathias Gottschlag, M.Sc. May 03 – September 02, 2019 KIT – The Research University in the Helmholtz Association www.kit.edu I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is entirely my own and that I did not use any source or auxiliary means other than these referenced. This thesis was carried out in accordance with the Rules for Safeguarding Good Scientic Practice at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Karlsruhe, September 2, 2019 Abstract While using the Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) on current Intel x86 pro- cessors allows for great performance improvements in programs that can be parallelized by using vectorization, many heterogeneous workloads that use both vector and scalar instructions expose degraded throughput when mak- ing use of AVX2 or AVX-512. This eect is caused by processor frequency reductions that are required to maintain system stability while executing AVX code. Due to the delays incurred by frequency switches, reduced clock speeds are attained for some additional time after the last demanding instruction has retired, causing code in scalar phases directly following AVX phases to be executed at a slower rate than theoretically possible. We present an analysis of the precise frequency switching behavior of an Intel Syklake (Server) CPU when AVX instructions are used. Based on the obtained results, we propose avxfreq, a software reimplementation of the AVX frequency selection mechanism. -
Memorandum in Opposition to Hewlett-Packard Company's Motion to Quash Intel's Subpoena Duces Tecum
ORIGINAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BEFORE THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ) In the Matter of ) ) DOCKET NO. 9341 INTEL. CORPORATION, ) a corporation ) PUBLIC ) .' ) MEMORANDUM IN OPPOSITION TO HEWLETT -PACKARD COMPANY'S MOTION TO QUASH INTEL'S SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM Intel Corporation ("Intel") submits this memorandum in opposition to Hewlett-Packard Company's ("HP") motion to quash Intel's subpoena duces tecum issued on March 11,2010 ("Subpoena"). HP's motion should be denied, and it should be ordered to comply with Intel's Subpoena, as narrowed by Intel's April 19,2010 letter. Intel's Subpoena seeks documents necessary to defend against Complaint Counsel's broad allegations and claimed relief. The Complaint alleges that Intel engaged in unfair business practices that maintained its monopoly over central processing units ("CPUs") and threatened to give it a monopoly over graphics processing units ("GPUs"). See CompI. iiii 2-28. Complaint Counsel's Interrogatory Answers state that it views HP, the world's largest manufacturer of personal computers, as a centerpiece of its case. See, e.g., Complaint Counsel's Resp. and Obj. to Respondent's First Set ofInterrogatories Nos. 7-8 (attached as Exhibit A). Complaint Counsel intends to call eight HP witnesses at trial on topics crossing virtually all of HP' s business lines, including its purchases ofCPUs for its commercial desktop, commercial notebook, and server businesses. See Complaint Counsel's May 5, 2010 Revised Preliminary Witness List (attached as Exhibit B). Complaint Counsel may also call HP witnesses on other topics, including its PUBLIC FTC Docket No. 9341 Memorandum in Opposition to Hewlett-Packard Company's Motion to Quash Intel's Subpoena Duces Tecum USIDOCS 7544743\'1 assessment and purchases of GPUs and chipsets and evaluation of compilers, benchmarks, interface standards, and standard-setting bodies. -
Software Testing: Essential Phase of SDLC and a Comparative Study Of
International Journal of System and Software Engineering Volume 5 Issue 2, December 2017 ISSN.: 2321-6107 Software Testing: Essential Phase of SDLC and a Comparative Study of Software Testing Techniques Sushma Malik Assistant Professor, Institute of Innovation in Technology and Management, Janak Puri, New Delhi, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Software Development Life-Cycle (SDLC) follows In the software development process, the problem (Software) the different activities that are used in the development of a can be dividing in the following activities [3]: software product. SDLC is also called the software process ∑ Understanding the problem and it is the lifeline of any Software Development Model. ∑ Decide a plan for the solution Software Processes decide the survival of a particular software development model in the market as well as in ∑ Coding for the designed solution software organization and Software testing is a process of ∑ Testing the definite program finding software bugs while executing a program so that we get the zero defect software. The main objective of software These activities may be very complex for large systems. So, testing is to evaluating the competence and usability of a each of the activity has to be broken into smaller sub-activities software. Software testing is an important part of the SDLC or steps. These steps are then handled effectively to produce a because through software testing getting the quality of the software project or system. The basic steps involved in software software. Lots of advancements have been done through project development are: various verification techniques, but still we need software to 1) Requirement Analysis and Specification: The goal of be fully tested before handed to the customer. -
Drmos King of Power-Saving
Insist on DrMOS King of Power-saving Confidential Eric van Beurden / Feb 2009 /Page v1.0 1 EU MSI King of Power-saving What are the power-saving components and technologies from MSI? 1. DrMOS 2. APS 3. GreenPower design 4. Hi-c CAP Why should I care about power-saving? 1. Better earth (Think about it! You can be a hero saving it !) 2. Save $$ on the electricity bill 3. Cool running boards 4. Better overclocking Confidential Page 2 MSI King of Power-saving Is DrMOS the name of a MSI heatpipe? No! DrMOS is the cool secret below the heatpipe, not the heatpipe itself. Part of the heatpipe covers the PWM where the DrMOS chips are located. (PWM? That is technical stuff, right ? Now you really lost me ) Tell me, should I write DRMOS, Dr. MOS or Doctor Mos? The name comes from Driver MOSFET. There is only one correct way to write it; “DrMOS”. Confidential Page 3 MSI King of Power-saving So DrMOS is a chip below the heatpipe? Yes, DrMOS is the 2nd generation 3-in-1 integrated Driver MOSFET. It combines 3 PWM components in one. (Like triple core…) 1. Driver IC 2. Bottom-MOSFET 3. Top-MOSFET Confidential Page 4 MSI King of Power-saving Is MSI the first to use DrMOS on it’s products? DrMOS is an integrated MOSFET design proposed by Intel in 2004. The first to use a 1st generation Driver Mosfet on a 8-Phase was Asus Blitz Extreme. This 1st generation had some problems and disadvantages. These are all solved in the 2nd generation DrMOS which we use exclusive on MSI products. -
P5W64 WS Professional
P5W64 WS Professional Motherboard E2846 Second Edition V2 September 2006 Copyright © 2006 ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this manual, including the products and software described in it, may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form or by any means, except documentation kept by the purchaser for backup purposes, without the express written permission of ASUSTeK COMPUTER INC. (“ASUS”). Product warranty or service will not be extended if: (1) the product is repaired, modified or altered, unless such repair, modification of alteration is authorized in writing by ASUS; or (2) the serial number of the product is defaced or missing. ASUS PROVIDES THIS MANUAL “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ASUS, ITS DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF USE OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS AND THE LIKE), EVEN IF ASUS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT OR ERROR IN THIS MANUAL OR PRODUCT. SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL ARE FURNISHED FOR INFORMATIONAL USE ONLY, AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY ASUS. ASUS ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS OR INACCURACIES THAT MAY APPEAR IN THIS MANUAL, INCLUDING THE PRODUCTS AND SOFTWARE DESCRIBED IN IT. -
Stress Testing Embedded Software Applications
Embedded Systems Conference / Boston, MA September 20, 2007 ESC-302 Stress Testing Embedded Software Applications T. Adrian Hill Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper describes techniques to design stress tests, classifies the types of problems found during these types of tests, and analyzes why these problems are not discovered with traditional unit testing or acceptance testing. The findings are supported by citing examples from three recent embedded software development programs performed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory where formal stress testing was employed. It also defines what is meant by the robustness and elasticity of a software system. These findings will encourage software professionals to incorporate stress testing into their formal software development process. OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTON 1.1 What can be learned by “breaking” the software 2. DESIGNING A STRESS TEST 2.1 What is a reasonable target CPU load? 2.2 Other ways to stress the system 2.3 Characteristics of a Stress Test 3. REAL WORLD RESULTS 3.1 Case #1: Software Missed Receiving Some Commands When CPU Was Heavily Loaded 3.2 Case #2: Processor Reset when Available Memory Buffers Were Exhausted 3.3 Case #3: Unexpected Command Rejection When CPU Was Heavily Loaded 3.4 Case #4: Processor Reset When RAM Disk Was Nearly Full 3.5 Synopsis of All Problems Found During Stress Testing 4. SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTON Traditional Software Acceptance Testing is a standard phase in nearly every software development methodology. Test engineers develop and execute tests that are defined to validate software requirements. -
Testing Techniques Selection Based on SWOT Analysis
International Journal of Knowledge, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Volume 2 No. 1, 2014, pp. 56—68 Testing Techniques Selection Based on SWOT Analysis MUNAZZA JANNISAR, RUQIA BIBI & MUHAMMAD FAHAD KHAN University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan Received 02 March 2014; received in revised form 15 April 2014; approved 22 April 2014 ABSTRACT Quality is easy to claim but hard to achieve. Testing is a most essential phase in software development life cycle not only to ensure a project’s success but also customer satisfaction. This paper presents SWOT Analysis of three testing tech- niques—White-Box, Black-Box and Grey Box. The testing techniques are evaluated on the basis of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The analysis in this paper shows that selection of the techniques should be based on a set of defined attrib- utes, context and objective. The findings in this paper might be helpful in highlighting and addressing issues related to testing techniques selection based on SWOT analysis. Keywords: Black Box Testing, White Box Testing, Grey Box, SWOT Introduction Software plays a substantial role in every sphere of life. It is a key reason why software engineering continually introducing new methodologies and improvement to software development. The capacity of organisations to achieve customer satisfaction or to cor- rectly identify the needs of customers can be misplaced, leading to ambiguities and un- wanted results 1. Researchers have suggested many testing techniques to deal with fault identification and removal subjects, before the product [software] is shipped to cus- tomer. Despite many verification and validation approaches to assuring product quality, defect-free software goal is not very often achieved. -
Putting the Right Stress Into WMS Volume Testing Eliminate Unwelcome Surprises
v i e w p o i n t Putting the Right Stress into WMS Volume Testing Eliminate unwelcome surprises. When implementing or upgrading a Warehouse Management System (WMS) in a high volume environment, it should be a given that a significant amount of effort needs to be dedicated to various phases of testing. However, a common mistake is to ignore or improperly plan for volume testing. So what types of processes should be tested? There is unit testing that validates segments of functionality, RF Floor Transactions - This should involve the more interface testing that checks the flow of data between systems, commonly used RF transactions such as putaway and picking. user acceptance testing that involves the end user group It is not a good idea to include every type of RF activity. That working through scripted functional flows, and field testing that means you probably will not be paying too much attention to executes an augmented version of the user acceptance testing cycle counts as a part of your stress test. on the distribution center floor. Wave Processing - It is absolutely necessary to know how Volume testing, also known as stress testing, is an assessment long it will take to process each day’s orders. In addition, it is that may be ignored. This is a mistake, because this puts a strain important to validate if there are any important processes that on the processes within the WMS, as well as its interfaces in cannot be executed during wave processing. For example, the order to identify conditions that would result in a slow-down testing may reveal that RF unit picking is an activity that cannot or catastrophic crash of the system. -
Hardware Monitoring
HARDWARE MONITORING SECTION 7 HARDWARE MONITORING Walt Kester INTRODUCTION Today's computers require that hardware as well as software operate properly, in spite of the many things that can cause a system crash or lockup. The purpose of hardware monitoring is to monitor the critical items in a computing system and take corrective action should problems occur. Microprocessor supply voltage and temperature are two critical parameters. If the supply voltage drops below a specified minimum level, further operations should be halted until the voltage returns to acceptable levels. In some cases, it is desirable to reset the microprocessor under "brownout" conditions. It is also common practice to reset the microprocessor on power-up or power-down. Switching to a battery backup may be required if the supply voltage is low. Under low voltage conditions it is mandatory to inhibit the microprocessor from writing to external CMOS memory by inhibiting the Chip Enable signal to the external memory. Many microprocessors can be programmed to periodically output a "watchdog" signal. Monitoring this signal gives an indication that the processor and its software are functioning properly and that the processor is not stuck in an endless loop. The need for hardware monitoring has resulted in a number of ICs, traditionally called "microprocessor supervisory products," which perform some or all of the above functions. These devices range from simple manual reset generators (with debouncing) to complete microcontroller-based monitoring sub-systems with on-chip temperature sensors and ADCs. The ADM8691-series (see Figures 7.1 and 7.2) are examples of traditional microprocessor supervisory circuits. -
Website Designing, Overclocking
Computer System Management - Website Designing, Overclocking Amarjeet Singh November 8, 2011 Partially adopted from slides from student projects, SM 2010 and student blogs from SM 2011 Logistics Hypo explanation Those of you who selected a course module after last Thursday and before Sunday – Apologies for I could not assign the course module Bonus deadline for these students is extended till Monday 5 pm (If it applies to you, I will mention it in the email) Final Lab Exam 2 weeks from now - Week of Nov 19 Topics will be given by early next week No class on Monday (Nov 19) – Will send out relevant slides and videos to watch Concerns with Videos/Slides created by the students Mini project Demos: Finish by today Revision System Cloning What is it and Why is it useful? What are different ways of cloning the system? Data Recovery Why is it generally possible to recover data that is soft formatted or mistakenly deleted? Why is it advised not to install any new software if data is to be recovered? Topics For Today Optimizing Systems Performance (including Overclocking) Video by Vaibhav, Shubhankar and Mukul - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEaORH5YP0Y&feature=youtu.be Creating a basic website A method of pushing the basic hardware components beyond the default limits Companies equip their products with such bottle-necks because operating the hardware at higher clock rates can damage or reduce its life span OCing has always been surrounded by many baseless myths. We are going to bust some of those. J Slides from Vinayak, Jatin and Ashrut (2011) The primary benefit is enhanced computer performance without the increased cost A common myth is that CPU OC helps in improving game play. -
Test Drive Report for Intel Pentium 4 660
Test Drive Report for Intel Pentium 4 660 The Pentium 4 600 series processors from Intel may not hold an upper hand over their 500 series brethren in terms of clock frequencies, but they do sport quite a few significant new features: support for EM64T as well as EIST technology (for the reduction of processor power consumption and heat), and, very importantly, a series-wide upgrade to 2MB L2 Cache. Overall, the technical advances that have been achieved are rather obvious. First, a tech spec comparison chart is listed below: Pentium 4 5XX Pentium 4 6XX Model number 570, 560, 550, 540, 530, 520 660, 650, 640, 630 Clock speed 2.8 – 3.8GHz 3.0 – 3.6GHz FSB 800MHz 800MHz L2 Cache 1024KB 2048KB EM64T None Yes EDB Yes* Yes EIST None Yes Transistors 125m 169m Die size 112mm2 135mm2 *Only J-suffix 500 series processors (e.g. 560J, 570J) support EDB technology. From the outside, the new Pentium 4 600 series processors are completely identical to the Pentium 4 500 series processors. The 600 series continue to use the Prescott core, but its L2 Cache is enlarged to 2MB, resulting in increased transistor count and die size. CPU-Z Information Comparison Pentium 4 560 Pentium 4 660 “X86-64” appears in the Instructions caption for the Pentium 4 660. Both AMD’s 64-bit computing and Intel’s EM64T technologies belong to the x86-64 architecture, which means that these are expanded from traditional x86 architecture. Elsewhere, the two processors are shown to have different L2 Cache sizes. -
Why 8Th Gen Intel® Core™ Vpro® Processors?
SALES BRIEF Why 8th Gen Intel® Core™ vPro® Processors? Top Reasons to Transition to 8th Gen Intel® Core™ vPro® Processors for Your Business PCs Lower support costs with Intel® Active The highest performing ultra-thin Management Technology (Intel® AMT) 1 notebook processor for business1 3 built into the Intel vPro® platform4 The 8th Gen Intel Core vPro processor adds performance— Intel AMT can help save IT time and money when managing 10 percent over the previous generation1—plus optimization a PC fleet. By upgrading to systems employing current and engineering for mobile performance. generation Intel Core vPro processors, organizations can help solve common IT issues with a more secure and manageable • Increased OEM expertise in power management is yielding system while reducing service delivery costs.4 systems that are power-efficient with long battery life. • Optimization for commercial—with Intel® Wireless-AC • Annual reduction of 7680 security support hours with Intel integrated into the Platform Controller Hub (PCH) vPro® platform-based devices, resulting in $1.2 million in risk-adjusted savings over 3 years and 832 hours saved • Windows integration: Modern devices with Windows® 10, with automatic remote patch deployment through Intel® Office 365, and the Intel vPro® platform enable fast startup, Active Management Technology, resulting in risk-adjusted amazing multitasking, and have long-lasting battery life2,3 cost savings of $81,000 over 3 years as estimated using a for anytime, anywhere productivity. composite organization modeled by Forrester Consulting In addition, the 8th Gen Intel Core vPro processor improves in an Intel commissioned TEI study. Read the full study at on the previous generation with: Intel.com/vProPlatformTEI.5 • Intel® Optane™ Memory H10: Accelerated systems • Intel® AMT can also help minimize downtime and help responsiveness create environments that are simpler to manage.