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Information to Users INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the tect cfirectly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter &ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The qualiQ^ of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality Olustrafions and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are misring pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Overrize materials (e g., m ^s, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, banning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the orignal manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Ifigher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF CAMPUS CRIME AND CAMPUS INVOLVEMENT A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Steve Turner Norman, Oklahoma 1998 UMI Number: 9905632 UMI Microform 9905632 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 ©Copyright by Steven J. Turner All Rights Reserved STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF CAMPUS CRIME AND CAMPUS INVOLVEMENT A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND POLICY STUDIES Rosa Cintrôn, Co-Chair of- ----------- - David L. Tan, Co-Chair Huev B. Lon Member cus-MeftdozaJ Member IW me Weber, Member DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sincere gratitude is expressed to Dr. Rosa Cintrôn and Dr. David Tan, Doctoral Committee Co-Chairs, for providing direction, assistance, and encouragement throughout the program. Heartfelt appreciation is also expressed to committee members: Dr. Huey Long, Dr. Susan Marcus-Mendoza, and Dr. Jerome C. Weber. Special thanks go to Dr. David Tan for being my first contact and introducing me to the program. Special thanks also go to Dr. Rosa Cintrôn for selecting me as her first doctoral student. Special thanks go to the late Mr. Ray Farmer and the late Mr. Charlie Fletcher. These gentlemen saw something in me that I had not seen in myself. Both were constant sources of encouragement until their untimely deaths. I wish that they were here to share in this accomplishment. Thanks go to Dr. Gerald Williamson for supporting this research fi-om start to finish and for continuously pushing me to go to the next level. Thanks also go to Carrol Maxwell for assisting with the technical aspects of this project. Most of all, I cherish the fiiendship of both of these individuals. Deepest appreciation goes to my parents, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Turner for providing a loving and Christian home in my childhood and for encouraging me to strive for excellence through education. I also want to thank them for teaching me that hard work pays off. To my sons. Matt and Tim, thanks for having an understanding beyond your years of what doctoral work entails. Thanks for those times you were quiet while Dad worked at home and for allowing me to miss, without guilt, a few important events in which both of you were involved. I love you guys. IV Finally, my love and appreciation goes to my wife. Penny, who, in spite of her health problems, was my strongest supporter. Penny, thank you for your love, prayers, and unwavering support. Maybe now we can go away for that weekend that I have promised you for years. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction ............................................................................................................1 Overview.................................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................4 Purpose of the S tu d y ............................................................................................. 5 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 5 Definitions of Terms ............................................................................................. 5 Need for the Study ................................................................................................. 7 Conceptual Framework .........................................................................................8 Limitations of the Study .......................................................................................10 Chapter U Review of the Literature.......................................................................................11 Student Involvement ...........................................................................................11 Summary................................................................................................................20 Campus Crim e ........................................................................................................20 Historical Background ...........................................................................................20 Crime and Community .........................................................................................22 Perceptions of Crim e ...........................................................................................25 Student Right-to-Know and Campus Security A c t .............................................30 Campus Crime Statistics.......................................................................................41 Institutional Characteristics and Crim e ............................................................... 43 Involvement and Victims Campus Crime ........................................................... 45 Summary..............................................................................................................47 vi Chapter HI Design of the S tudy ............................................................................................... 49 Population .............................................................................................................. 50 Instrumentation ......................................................................................................51 Statistical Procedure ..............................................................................................57 Independent Variables ........................................................................................... 57 Dependent Variables ............................................................................................. 58 Statistical Analysis ..................................................................................................66 Authorization to Conduct the Study ...................................................................... 67 Data Collection Plan ............................................................................................. 67 Chapter IV Data Analysis .......................................................................................................... 69 Research Question 1 ............................................................................................. 69 Research Question 2 ..............................................................................................80 Chapter V Discussion .............................................................................................................105 Conclusions and Recommendationss .................................................................. 112 References ..........................................................................................................................115 Appendices Appendix A: Student Survey ...............................................................................126 Appendix B: Consent Form ................................................................................. 132 Appendix C; Letter from the University of Oklahoma's OfiBce of Research Administration Approving S tudy .......................................134 Appendix D; Cover P a g e ..................................................................................... 136 VII Appendix E: T ables .............................................................................................. 138 Appendix F; Correspondence ............................................................................... 161 vni LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Age by Mean Perception of Crime ............................................................................. 138 2. Income Clusters by Mean Perception of Crim e .......................................................... 140 3. Population Groups by Mean Level of Perception of Crim e .....................................141
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