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Post-War Modern Architecture in Europe

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Post-War Modern Architecture in Europe Graue Reihe des Instituts für Stadt- und Regionalplanung Technische Universität Berlin Stephanie Herold, Biljana Stefanovska (Hrsg.) 45+ Post-War Modern Architecture in Europe 43 GRAUE REIHE DES INSTITUTS FÜR STADT- UND REGIONALPLANUNG Technische Universität Berlin FORUM STADT- UND REGIONALPLANUNG E.V. Herausgeber der Schriftenreihe Heft 43 Berlin 2012 Die Beiträge der Grauen Reihe dienen der zeitnahen Publikation von Arbeiten im Internet, die aktuelle wissenschaftlich oder planungsbezogen relevante Themen angehen und sich mit unterschiedlichen Positionen in Politikbereichen der Stadt- und Regionalplanung, Stadtgeschichte und Stadtentwicklung, des Wohnungs wesens und des Planungs- und Baurechts auseinandersetzen. In dieser Reihe finden Sie u. a. Diplomarbeiten, Tagungs- und Veranstaltungsdokumentationen oder Forschungs berichte. HERAUSGEBER DER GRAUEN REIHE Forum Stadt- und Regionalplanung e.V. c/o Institut für Stadt- und Regionalplanung Sekretariat B7 Hardenbergstr. 40a, 10623 Berlin w www.isr.tu-berlin.de VERLAG UND VERTRIEB Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Berlin Universitätsbibliothek im VOLKSWAGEN-Haus Fasanenstraße 88, 10623 Berlin w [email protected] LAYOUT Thomas Gutmann TITELBILD Bank Komplex Gebäude in Skopje, Fotografie von Biljana Stefanofska PRODUKTION UND UMSCHLAGGESTALTUNG Thomas Rutschke Publikationsstelle Institut für Stadt- und Regionalplanung w [email protected] Berlin 2012 ISBN 978-3-7983-2435-0 ISSN 1864-8037 Stephanie Herold, Biljana Stefanovska (Hrsg.) 45+ Post-War Modern Architecture in Europe 6 Contents Introduction�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Blaž Križnik:LegitimizingtheArchitectureofEdvardRavnikarandKimSwooGeun� BetweenRegionalismandNationalNarratives�����������������������������������������������������������������13 Neža Čebron Lipovec:BuildingtheBraveNewWorld inaContestedLand�MihevcinKoper�������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 Yolanda Ortega Sanz:AlvarAaltoandArneJacobsen� NordicContributiontoModernUrbanCenters����������������������������������������������������������������39 Nika Grabar:TheArchitectureofImageinThe Portrait of Beno Zupančič�����������������������55 Andrea Benze, Christian Dengler:UtopianStirringsinKreuzberg-Centre� Areportonhowideas,realities,socialmovementsandarchitectureconflictina controversialexampleofpost-warModernism�����������������������������������������������������������������65 Andreas Salgo:TheDawnofthePostmodern� CriticalActivisminthe1960sandtheChangeofUrbanistParadigm�����������������������������79 Andrea Cortursi:TheKollektivplanforBerlinof1946 betweenInfrastructurePlanning,RationalizationandCityDesign��������������������������������89 Axel Zutz:“RoyalParksofSocialism”�TheSenftenbergLakeRecreationalDistrict asanExampleofaPost-WarLeisureLandscape�������������������������������������������������������������101 Pablo Tena:55+ModernityinBarcelona������������������������������������������������������������������������121 Sandra Wagner-Conzelmann:OttoBartning�ForwardThinker andProtagonistofRebuildingafter1945�����������������������������������������������������������������������131 Tanja Seeböck:UlrichMüther’sConcreteShells�BetweenRejectionandAppreciation� AnArchitecturalSurveyandPracticalExamplesofTheirTreatment����������������������������141 Maren Harnack:London’sTrellickTowerandthePastoralEye�������������������������������������153 Carola Ebert:ModerateMiddleClassModernism� TheArchitectureoftheWestGermanBungalow������������������������������������������������������������161 Jelica Jovanović, Jelena Grbić, Dragana Petrović:PrefabricatedConstructionin FormerYugoslavia�VisualandAestheticFeaturesandTechnologyofPrefabrication�175 Jane Stojanoski, Vesna Mitanoska, Nevenka Manceva:Rejuvenation�Projectsfor InterventionsonAbandonedandNeglectedBuildingsinMacedonia���������������������������189 The Authors����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������200 7 Introduction by Stephanie Herold and Biljana Stefanovska Duringthelastdecades,especiallyinprofessionalcircles(i. e,architectsandlandscapear- chitects,arthistorians,historiansandtownplanners,etc�),theinterestinpost-warmod- ernarchitectureincreasedthroughoutEurope. Atthesametimethebuildings,ensembles andspacialstructuresofthegeneration45+canstillberegardedasanendangeredherit- age. Thisispartlyduetotheoftendifficultintercessionofthevaluesoftheseobjectstoa widerpublic(orthelackofattemptstodoso),andalsototheeconomic,environmental and infrastructural pressure to which they are exposed. These two aspects go hand in hand,especiallysincealackofsocietalacceptanceandappreciationincreasestheprob- abilitytogiveinthepressureyieldedbyotherfactors� Thustherearetwoconflictingpoles. Ontheonehandagrowingprofessionallobbyfor buildings,ensemblesandgreenareasofthepost-waryears,andontheotherhandastrong pressureonthesesameobjectsinflictedbysociety. Inthisregardnotonlythediscrepancy anddivergencebetween“expert”and“layperson”opinionisremarkable,butalsothein- creasinginterestforthistimeperiodespeciallyamongyoungscientists� ThisisevidentnotonlyinGermanybutalsointheinternationalandEuropeancontext� EspeciallyinEasternEurope(aswellasinotherEuropeancountries,buthereevenmore duetothepolitical,economicandsocialre-orientation),buildingsfromthepost-war timesparadoxicallyarebothhighlyendangeredandsubjectofanincreasingnumberof newscientificresearchatthesametime. Theseresearchprojectsmostlytakeplaceon theinitiativeofindividualsandareoftenlinkedtospecificobjects. Amultidisciplinary, transnationalexchangehardlytakesplace,andifitdoes,mainlyonanunplannedand unstructuredlevel. Moreover,informationontheobjectsthemselvesisoftendifficult toaccessandisscarceinmanyplaces. Researchbeyondthelocalornationalbounda- ries is hardly possible without the support of local scientists, which can be difficult ifthereisnoalreadyexistingcommunicationnetwork. Thisisregrettable,especially sincemostarchitectsofthattimeintegratedinternationalinfluencesintheirwork. In consequencetheinternationalorientationofthisarchitectureisonlyunderstandable byre-contextualizatingtheartistsandobjectsthroughinternationalnetworkingand informationsharing� Themotivationfortheconference45+,whichtookplaceattheTUBerlinthe22ndto24th ofJuly2011andwhichwasorganizedincooperationwiththeTUDarmstadt,Institutefor Architecture,wastosupportinterdisciplinaryandtransnationalcommunicationespecially betweenyoungacademicsworkinginthefieldofpost-wararchitectureandurbandesign� 8 Introduction 2009theideacameupduringameetinginSkopjeintheWorkshop“ReadingtheCity— UrbanSpaceandMemoryinSkopje”. Theprocessesduringtheworkshopandit’sresults wereconcernedwithperceptionofspaceandrelationtosites,especiallythelossofsites andit’sprocessing. Theseveralinformaldiscussionsrevolvedaroundtheperceptionand connotationofthearchitecturelanguageafter1945� ThesituationinSkopjeisuniquebecauseoftheearthquakein1963andtherebuilding ofthecityafterwards. Theonlypartiallyrealisedmaster-planofKenzoTangeandthear- chitecturelanguageafter1963arenowadaysrejectedbythemajority,socio-culturaland politicalburdenedwithnegativeconnotationsandoftenneglected. Thisaffectsnotonly Skopjeorformersocialistcountries,butthewholeofEurope� Thustheinitiativetoformanetworkfocusednotonlyonaninterdisciplinaryandinterna- tionalexchange,butalsoontheworkonarchitecturemediationandthecommunication ofarchitecture�Thisimpliesthereconsiderationofthecontextofthisspecificarchitecture language,spatialstructuresandcityplanningtorecalltheirspecialitiesandvalues� Themainissueistorecognisethearchitecturalsubstance(publicspacesandarchitectural objects)asarchitecturalheritage,theotheristofindmodeswhichareconceivableand possible for their preservation, integration or transformation in the present or future context. Initiallyitisimportanttosharpentheperceptionofthearchitecturalperiods ofthelastdecades,tosupporttheachievementofscientificknowledgeandtodeliberate onthecommunicationofarchitectureconceptsandthesemanticsofarchitecturaland spatialelementsofthatperiod� Followingthesethoughts,theconferencewantedtogiveyoungscientistsfromdifferent Europeancountriestheopportunitytotalkaboutcurrentorrecentlycompletedresearch projectsandtodiscusstheminabroadercontext. Thisallowedafirstoverviewofcurrent researchtrends,whichcouldformthebasisforfurtherworkinaninternationalnetwork ofresearchers. Possibleperspectivesofnetworkingwerediscussedonameetingduring thelastdayoftheconference,whiledifferentcase-studieshadbeenpresentedthefirst twodays. Thefollowingarticlesdocumenttheconference,reflectingmostofthetalks heldduringtheconference� Thefirsttwoarticlesdiscussarchitectureandcityplanningofthepostwarerainanover- national context, showing different examples from Slovenia. Blaz Križnik, currently a visitingprofessorattheUniversityofSeoul,Korea,comparestheleadingarchitectsof SloveniaandSouthKoreaafter1945anddiscussestheirarchitectureanddesignwhilere- gardingitinthepoliticalandculturalcontextofthetime. Questionsonregionalismand internationalisminthearchitectureofthepost-warera,whichareraisedherecanalsobe foundfollowingpaperonurbanplanninginKoper(Slovenia)byNezaCebronLipovec� 9 Introduction Stressingthedifferentpoliticalcontextsofurbanplanningofthisera,twopapersdiscuss thesymbolicroleandformofthenewcity-centresofthepost-war-years�YolandaOrtega SanzpresentsseveralexamplesfromtheNordiccountries(includingDenmark,Finlandand Germany)andrelatestheformandusetotheidealsoftheyoungdemocraciesofthepost-
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