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Field School at Xa:Ytem; Settlement Patterns in the Southern Gulf Islands; Field Notes; Permits

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Field School at Xa:Ytem; Settlement Patterns in the Southern Gulf Islands; Field Notes; Permits g$ a THE Publication ofthe Archaeological Society of British Columbia ISSN 0047-7222 Vol. 31 , No. 4 - 1999 UNI'it:I1SITY OF VICTORII­ McPHERSON LISRAI'IY In this issue: Field school at Xa:ytem; Settlement patterns in the southern Gulf Islands; Field Notes; Permits , ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF £MIDDEN BRITISH COLUMBIA Published four times a year by the Dedicated to the protection of archaeological resources Archaeological Society ofBritish Columbia and the spread of archaeological knowledge. Editorial Committee President Editor: Heather Myles (274-4294) Helmi Braches ( 462-8942) [email protected] braches@netcom. ca Field Editor: Richard Brolly (689-1678) [email protected] Membership News Editor: Heather Myles Leah Pageot (687-7754) Publications Editor: Monica Karpiak (294-3394) [email protected] [email protected] Annual membership includes a year's subscription to Assistant Editor: Erin Strutt (746-3765) and the ASBC newsletter, [email protected] The Midden SocNotes. Production & Subscriptions: Membership Fees Fred Braches ( 462-8942) [email protected] Individual: $25 Family: $30 Seniors/Students: $18 Send cheque or money order payable to the ASBC to: SuBSCRIPTION is included with ASBC membership. Non-members: $14.50 per year ($17.00 USA and overseas), ASBC Memberships payable in Canadian funds to the ASBC. Remit to: P.O. Box 520, Bentall Station Midden Subscriptions, ASBC Vancouver BC V6C 2N3 P.O. Box 520, Bentall Station ASBC on Internet Vancouver BC V6C 2N3 http ://home.istar. ca/~glenchan/asbc/asbc.shtml SuBMISSIONs: We welcome contributions on subjects germane to BC archaeology. Guidelines are available on request. Sub­ missions should be directed to the appropriate editor. Affiliated Chapters Copyright Nanaimo Contact: Pat Knowles--<[email protected] Contents of The Midden are copyrighted by the ASBC. President: Lorrie Hayden (250) 754-6862 It is unlawful to reproduce all or any part, by any means what­ Monthly lectures at Malaspina College, 900 Fifth Street, soever, without the Society's permission, which is usually gladly Nanaimo, BC given. Contributors this issue Victoria Contact: Shirley Cuthbertson (250) 382-0288 Internet: http://www.museumsassn.bc.ca/-bcma/museums/asbc Steven Acheson, Marianne Berkey, Christine Berney, Stan Meetings on the third Thursday of the month at 7:30pm at the Copp, Morley Eldridge, Eric McLay, Karen Preckel, Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria. Rudy Reimer, Brian C. Vivian, and Ian Wilson. The British Columbia Heritage Trust has provided ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA financial assistance to this project to support conservation meetings in Vancouver featuring illustrated of our heritage resources, gain further knowledge and lectures are usually held on the second increase public understanding of the complete history of Wednesday of each month (except July and British Columbia. August) at 8:00P.M. in the Auditorium of the Vancouver Museum at 1100 Chestnut Street. New members and visitors are welcome. Admission is free. Next meeting: Wednesday 12 April2000 .. THE IDDEN Contributors to .The Midden Table of Contents The production of each issue of The Midden is dependent The 1999 UBC Field School 2 on contributors from the BC archaeological community. at ~a : ytem (DgRn 23) Without their time, commitment, and effort, the pages of by Christine Berney The Midden would be blank. I'd like to sincerely thank all Northwest Coast Settlement 5 the people who have contributed to The Midden over the Patterns, Shell Midden Sites, and Coastal Resources in the years, and in particular, I want to thank the contributors Southern Gulf Islands BC for this issue. by Eric McLay Look For 8 At the same time, I urge everyone engaged in archaeo­ Field Notes 9 logical research or fieldwork to take the time and share some of the results of their work with the Midden readers. Debitage 10 The Midden is a unique publication for disseminating in­ The Tides of Change 11 formation about BC archaeology, not only among the ar­ Review by Steven Acheson chaeological community, but also among interested lay Dead Dogs Tell Tales 12 people all over BC, Canada and the US; it even has sub­ Review by Marianne Berkey scribers in Germany and New Zealand. We are committed Pithouse Studies Come in 13 to keeping The Midden going, but we can't do it without from the Cold Review by Brian C. Vivian your input. Permits 14 For those interested in contributing articles, book re­ Exhibits 18 views, or field notes, telephone numbers and email ad­ dresses of The Midden editors are listed on the inside Lectures 19 front cover. We look forward to hearing from you. Conferences 20 Heather Myles, editor Cover Page This carved antler tablet, 60mm long, was recovered from a small shell midden, DcRt 71, at Eagles' Nest Estate near Cadoboro Bay, Victoria. See Field Notes: Morley Eldrige (Millennium Research Limited) on page 9. The Midden 31/4 1 THE 1999 UBC FIELD SCHOOL AT XA: YTEM (DgRn 23) By Christine Berney Introduction Culture people as highly mobile hunters at .Ka:ytem are quite distinct, and once During the wet and chilly May of 1999, and gatherers. The work done in 1997 was identified in the profile, could be peeled eight UBC archaeology students super­ not intended to completely excavate the off in quadrants across the unit. The vised by Professor R.G. Matson and teach­ possible house structure, but instead to thicker cultural layers were further subdi­ ing assistant Patricia Ormerod, arrived just sample the area to the east of the trench vided into ten centimetre levels. The east of Mission intending to learn how to excavation for house remains and radio­ knowledge that the upper layer of lami­ do archaeology, and to learn a little more carbon samples. With this purpose in nated silts had been recently deposited was about the prehistory of the Fraser Valley. mind, Professor Pokotylo and his students also helpful; this allowed us to quickly This was not the first time that archaeolo­ excavated I 2 1-x-1 metre units, set up in move down to the layers that we knew con­ gists and students had descended on the a kind of checkerboard design over a 7-x- tained cultural materials in situ. The silts .Ka:ytem site (also known as Hatzic Rock) 7 metre area. Therefore, as they dug down­ were still removed with care and screened - there has been a lot of archaeological wards, units of the equivalent size were because of the possibility that artifacts activity at the site since its identification left standing in between. The excavators could have washed down the slope with in 1990. The site was originally intended expected to find cultural material directly them. for a housing subdivision; however, while below the humic layer as they were work­ Many utilized and retouched flakes, imd the initial clearing and bulldozing was tak­ ing in an area previously cleared by the one contracting stemmed point were ing place, St6:lo Nation archaeologist bulldozer. However, they found that over found. The base of a notched point more Gordon Mohs recognized it as an impor­ the six previous years a great deal of silt common to the Plateau (referred to by the tant "transformer stone" site. There are a had washed down the hillside and been crew as the "Milgrom Point" after the stu­ number of these transformer stones in the deposited over the site in a thick laminated dent who found it) was also uncovered. Fraser Valley that are spiritually impor­ layer. This was realized when the impres­ And in the vicinity of the large pit feature tant to the St6:lo; they embody the spirits sions ofthe bulldozer's treads were found an obsidian "tinkler" was found. It is be­ of ancestors who have been turned to in the surface of the actual cultural layer. lieved that these objects were used to stone, and have meaningful stories asso­ They found a number of lithics and fea­ decorate clothing. A great deal of the ciated with them. About a metre of soil tures over their field season including post lithics collected were tiny waste flakes, had already been removed from the sur­ and stake molds, hearths, and pits. One and to find them we had to screen dili­ face, but much of the site was still intact. pit of particular interest was very large: it gently. Excavations in 1991 uncovered structural covered two units, and went to nearly a We screened 80% of the material exca­ remains, including those of a semi-sub­ metre in depth. vated - every fifth bucket was bagged unscreened as a matrix sample. Initially, terranean house of the Charles Culture The 1999 Season we were dry screening; however, with the period (circa 4500- 3500 BP). The site Our investigations focused on three main continuing damp weather, dry screening is on an ancient river terrace that slopes objectives: to further explore the floor proved extremely inefficient. The students down to the south, so the rear part of the surface uncovered in the trench excava­ discovered that dry screening in damp house was cut into the hillside. This was a tion of 1994; to excavate the remainder conditions produces many little mud pills significant fmd, as there are few other sites of the large pit feature found in 1997; and that have to be broken by hand, and con­ with evidence of houses from this period. to find evidence of subsistence. To this tain very few artifacts. By the end of the In 1994, a trench excavation to the west end, we dug seven ofthe 1-x-1 metre units second week we had set up water screens, of the semi-subterranean house revealed remaining in the 7-x-7 metre area set up and proceeded to screen the rest of the a number of post molds, lithics, and what in 1997, and one on the western edge of it material that way.
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