Research Conferences on Organised Crime
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Research Conferences on Organised Crime Vol. IV Preventing Organised Crime – European Approaches in Practice and Policy 2017 in London Julia Weber; Ursula Töttel Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union Partners of the Research Network on Organised Crime Home Office London Research and Documentation Centre (WODC), The Hague Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå) Associated Partners Europol German Police University The conference was supported by Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), London Polizei + Forschung Volume 53 Published by the Bundeskriminalamt Criminalistic Institute Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. All publication series of the Bundeskriminalamt “Polizei + Forschung” (except restricted „VS-NfD“ volumes) are presented in PDF format under → https://www.bka.de/DE/AktuelleInformationen/Publikationen/Publikationsre ihen/PolizeiUndForschung/polizeiUndForschung_node.html BKA Advisory Board Professorin Dr. Regina Ammicht Quinn Universität Tübingen, Internationales Zentrum für Ethik in den Wissenschaften Professor Dr. Johannes Buchmann Direktor des Center for Advanced Security Research Darmstadt Professorin Dr. Petra Grimm Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart Professorin Dr. Rita Haverkamp Universität Tübingen, Stiftungsprofessur für Kriminalprävention und Risikomanagement Professor em. Dr. Hans-Jürgen Kerner Universität Tübingen, Institut für Kriminologie Uwe Kolmey Präsident des Landeskriminalamtes Niedersachsen Professor Dr. Hans-Jürgen Lange Präsident der Deutschen Hochschule der Polizei Professor Dr. Peter Wetzels Universität Hamburg, Fakultät für Rechtswissenschaft, Institut für Kriminologie Klaus Zuch Senatsverwaltung für Inneres und Sport Berlin Project Management Dr. Heinz Büchler Ursula Töttel Julia Weber Bundeskriminalamt Criminalistic Institute Research and Advisory Unit for Organised Crime, Economic Crime and Crime Prevention All rights reserved © 2018 Bundeskriminalamt Wiesbaden This work is copyrighted in its entirety. Any usage in violation of the narrow boundaries of copyright law without the prior approval of the publisher is prohibited and is punishable by law. This especially applies for duplications, translation, microfilms, other types of processing, as well as for the storing and processing in electronic systems. Contents Inhaltsverzeichnis Introduction .................................................................................................. 8 Einleitung ................................................................................................... 11 English Part Part I Research Network on Organised Crime and Research Conferences on Organised Crime ......................................................................................... 15 Description of the Research Partnering Institutions ................................... 18 Research and Advisory Unit for Organised Crime, Economic Crime and Crime Prevention of the Bundeskriminalamt (BKA), Germany .. 18 The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention (Brå), Sweden 21 German Police University, Germany ................................................. 24 Europol – Prevention in the core of the fight against Organised Crime at EU level .............................................................................. 26 Organised and Cyber Crime Research & Analysis of the Home Office, United Kingdom ..................................................................... 38 Research and Documentation Centre (WODC), Ministry of Security and Justice, the Netherlands .............................................................. 40 Part II Report on OC and prevention ..................................................................... 46 Part III Preventing OC: European approaches and responses in practice and policy, 9th OC research conference in London, UK .................................... 78 5 Articles of the speakers ............................................................................... 91 How the Dutch were able to decrypt millions of messages from Organised Crime Groups Martijn Egberts .................................................................................. 91 Changing the agenda. Prevention is better than a cure. Greg Francis ...................................................................................... 94 Criminal clan families in Berlin: History, risks and vulnerabilities Ralph Ghadban ................................................................................ 101 Government Assignment to counteract the existence and use of illegal weapons and explosives in Sweden Johan Gustafsson ............................................................................. 110 Clan structures and crime in the context of migration Rita Haverkamp ............................................................................... 115 Project Engage: A UK initiative to divert young people from organised crime Stuart Kirby and Jayne Horan ......................................................... 138 Organised crime prevention in the Netherlands: Cases and policy Peter Klerks ..................................................................................... 151 Research- and intelligence-led community policing Kim Nilvall ....................................................................................... 158 Possibilities for Prevention of Organised Crime – Results of Workshop Discussions ............................................................................................... 168 Deutscher Teil Part IV OK-Forschungsnetzwerk und OK-Forschungskonferenzen ..................... 172 Beschreibung der Partnerinstitute ............................................................. 174 Forschungs- und Beratungsstelle für Organisierte Kriminalität, Wirtschaftskriminalität und Kriminalprävention, Bundeskriminalamt (BKA), Deutschland ......................................... 174 6 Forschungsstelle zur Wirtschafts- und Organisierten Kriminalität (EkoOrg) und Schwedischer Nationaler Beirat zur Prävention von Kriminalität (Brå), Schweden .......................................................... 177 Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei, Deutschland .............................. 180 Europol – Prävention im Zentrum der Bekämpfung der Organisierten Kriminalität auf EU-Ebene ....................................... 183 Forschungsstelle zur Organisierten Kriminalität, Cyberkriminalität und Analyse des Home Office, Vereinigtes Königreich ................... 196 Research and Documentation Centre (WODC), Ministry of Security and Justice, Niederlande .................................................................. 199 Organisierte Kriminalität und Prävention ................................................. 204 Organisierte Kriminalität und Prävention: Europäische Ansätze und Strategien in der Praxis, 9. OK-Forschungskonferenz in London, GB ..... 235 Präventionsmöglichkeiten gegen Organisierte Kriminalität – Ergebnisse der Diskussionen aus den Workshops ....................................................... 246 Part V List of contributors ................................................................................... 250 About the editors and authors ................................................................... 252 7 Introduction During a period of globalisation and technological development when modi operandi and patterns of commission are changing constantly, law enforce- ment authorities must continue to keep pace with such developments and react flexibly to new conditions. International relations and interagency cooperation are essential for the fight against crime, now and in the future. However, not only political and worldwide social changes, such as the liber- alisation of the market economy, have to be considered as causes of Organ- ised Crime (OC). Any comprehensive examination will also have to include aspects of socialisation and culture – aspects that demand attention especial- ly considering the extent of migration to Germany during the past years and the possible links between immigration and crime. However, it should be noted that not only economic and social influences contribute to the devel- opment of OC groups; the profit motive itself, which is behind many offenc- es committed in the field of economic crime, for example, can motivate criminals to band together. The „Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment (SOCTA)“1 pub- lished by Europol every four years makes clear how important it is not to underestimate the threat posed by Organised Crime. The 2017 report identi- fies some 5,000 OC groups with international links comprising more than 180 nationalities. On average, seven out of ten OC groups operate in more than three countries. Furthermore, the perpetrators not only operate at the international level but, in about 45 per cent of cases, their offences involve more than one area of crime. According to SOCTA, certain fields of crime will represent a threat in the future as well, due in particular to different conflicts occurring throughout the world. The smuggling of refugees and the various links to human trafficking observed during the refugee crisis, for instance, are decisive factors. In addition, trade in illicit goods triggered by the conflicts in Libya, Syria and Iraq is increasing, and will probably contin- ue to grow in the years to come. As can be seen