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'Building Break' in the White Tower of London
PAUSE AND CAUSE: THE ‘BUILDING BREAK’ IN THE WHITE TOWER OF LONDON Derek Renn SUMMARY The various types of dating evidence employed are summarised in a diagram by Reappraisal of the published evidence for the dates Harris (2008, 44), although his arrowheads of the break in the construction of the White Tower, do not mark absolute date limits. The claimed to have lasted from about 1080 until about dendrochronological ‘middle range’ of the 1090, suggests that its duration might have been drawbar socket lining which he used is 1049— much shorter. This pause may have been linked to a 81. Gundulf (appointed bishop of Rochester design change in St John’s Chapel; the neighbouring in 1077) may have been involved with the Wardrobe Tower may have previously served as an White Tower project at any time between his Anglo-Saxon chapel. The probable reasons for the break arrival in England in 1070 and his death in in construction of the White Tower and the evidence 1108 (Harris 2008, 42—5). He was concerned for a contemporary interruption in the building of the with caring for the poor in London, after the great tower at Colchester (Essex) are discussed. widespread famine in 1070 (Swanton 1996, 204, 207; Brett 2004, 235). The capitals in INTRODUCTION the chapel cannot be dated as closely as 1074x1080 (Phase 1) and 1090x1094 (Phase Among the discoveries made during the 2) nor need be separated by a decade. The White Tower Recording and Research Project watercolour on the cover of this volume during the White Tower’s refurbishment shows one and a half capitals of Phase 1 to were traces of a significant break in build- the right, and two of Phase 2 to the left. -
A Short History of Colchester Castle
Colchester Borough Council Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service A SHORT HISTORY OF COLCHESTER CASTLE 1066, the defeat of the English by the invading army of Duke William of Normandy. After his victory at the Battle of Hastings, William strengthened his hold on the defeated English by ordering castles to be built throughout the country. Colchester was chosen for its port and its important military position controlling the southern access to East Anglia. In 1076 work began on Colchester Castle, the first royal stone castle to be built by William in England. The castle was built around the ruins of the colossal Temple of Claudius using the Roman temple vaults as its base, parts of which can be seen to this day. As a result the castle is the largest ever built by the Normans. It was constructed mainly of building material from Colchester's Roman ruins with some imported stone. Most of the red brick in the castle was taken from Roman buildings. England, William's newly won possession, was soon under threat from another invader, King Cnut of Denmark. The castle had only been built to first floor level when it had to be hastily strengthened with battlements. The invasion never came and work resumed on the castle which was finally completed to three or four storeys in 1125. The castle came under attack in 1216 when it was besieged for three months and eventually captured by King John after he broke his agreement with the rebellious nobles (Magna Carta). By 1350, however, its military importance had declined and the building was mainly used as a prison. -
Castle Park's Summer Education Programme
Castle Park’s Summer Education Programme taking place across the following venues: COLCHESTER CASTLE PARK - CO1 1UG HIGH WOODS COUNTRY PARK - CO4 5JR This passport belongs to: Colchester Letter from Councillor Feltham Welcome all you young wildlife explorers to our new summer countryside events. I hope you will enjoy finding out about the new and exciting things we have going on in Colchester’s parks. We’re all very lucky to have access to these beautiful outdoor spaces which are home to thousands of different species of birds, bugs, plants and beasties. Our new adventure programme is a fun way to create a snapshot of the variety of life that can be found in our area whilst giving you the opportunity to contribute to a real scientific survey. This will help us to find and identify different species of wildlife and insects. The information you help us gather will go towards local and national databases that will monitor our local wildlife. And then we will share that new knowledge so that more people are aware. Good luck and thank you for helping us discover what Colchester really has to offer our smaller four legged and two winged residents. The more we know the more we can do to protect their habitats. So what you do will really make a difference. 2 Discover how the Passport Programme works Take advantage of our summer programme of events and discover more about plants, bugs, history and the solar system. Make sure you get your passport stamped by a Park Ranger or Event Leader after every event you attend. -
Radiocarbon Dates 1981-1988
RADIOCARBON DATES RADIOCARBON DATES RADIOCARBON DATES This volume holds a datelist of 1285 radiocarbon determinations carried out between RADIOCARBON DATES 1981 and 1988 on behalf of the Ancient Monuments Laboratory of English Heritage. It contains supporting information about the samples and the sites producing them, a comprehensive bibliography, and two indexes for reference and analysis. An introduction provides discussion of the character and taphonomy of the dated samples from samples funded by English Heritage and information about the methods used for the analyses reported and their calibration. between 1981 and 1988 The datelist has been collated from information provided by the submitters of the samples and the dating laboratories. Many of the sites and projects from which dates have been obtained are published, although, when many of these measurements were produced, high-precision calibration was not possible. At this time, there was also only a limited range of statistical techniques available for the analysis of radiocarbon dates. Methodological developments since these measurements were made may allow revised archaeological interpretations to be constructed on the basis of these dates, and so the purpose of this volume is to provide easy access to the raw scientific and contextual data which may be used in further research. Alex Bayliss, Robert Hedges, Robert Otlet, Roy Switsur, and Jill Walker andJill Switsur, Roy Robert Robert Otlet, Hedges, Alex Bayliss, Front cover: Excavations at Avebury Henge, 1908 (© English Heritage. -
The Colchester Foundries
The Colchester foundries. August 2018 Joseph Wallis The foundry at the west end of the High Street was built by Joseph Wallis C1792 on land owned by the Winnock Charity as an adjunct to his ironmongery business and under various owners itremained in operation until 1920. His home was at no 5 North Hill which has most attractive cast iron balconies and a foliated tie plate dated to 1809. His most celebrated work are the set of cast iron columns from 1819 that support the colonnade of the Essex Fire Office in the High Street. The iron clad wall plate would also have been cast by his foundry. His was also responsible for the very beautiful castings of the Royal Coat of Arms to be found in some churches in the area as well as the Castle Museum. He died in 1827. Castle Museum ,Royal Coat of Arms Essex & Suffolk Fire Office ,High Street Colchester. Richard Coleman The Richard Coleman foundry was started at the Hythe in 1807 although he already had retail premises in Wyre Street and a warehouse. As iron and coal came by river to the Hythe it was cheaper and easier to build there and Wallis also built a foundry nearby in 1810. Coleman cast the railings for All Saints Church at the Hythe and his surviving other works include St Martin church gates, his own foundry gates in the Museum collection and those at Spring House, Lexden. All Saints church yard Spring House ,Lexden. St Martin’s churchyard Richard Coleman’s grave at All Saints Church. -
Len Drinkell Talk
The Friends of Colchester Museums A Brief History 1949-1999 By Len Drinkell PUBLIC MEETING was held at the Town was the Mayor Councillor Dansie, and it is Hall on Tuesday, 30th November 1948 pleasing to note that every Mayor since has Aunder the chairmanship of the Mayor kindly agreed to support and help the Friends of Colchester, Councillor Leonard Dansie, who as President during their year of office. Officers explained that over a long period many people elected were Hon. Secretary, Mr. Duncan W. Clark and Hon.Treasurer, Mr. J. F.Elam, had suggested that a Society of Friends of together with a committee of 16 members. Colchester and East Essex Museum should be formed.After much discussion, it was proposed The First General Meeting was held at the by the Right Reverend the Bishop of Castle on 19th May 1949. 100 “Friends” and Colchester seconded by Alderman Christopher visitors attended and were welcomed by the Jolly and resolved unanimously that a society Mayor and Mayoress. Mr. M. R. Hull, Curator, called “The Friends of Colchester and East gave a brief account of the foundation and Essex Museum and Art Gallery” be formed. history of the Museum.The Reverend Montagu Benton, Hon. Secretary of The Essex It was a wonderful start for the society to be Archaeological Society presented to the Mayor, led by two such distinguished and respected as a first acquisition, two original blocks for characters of the town. Bishop Dudley book plates used by the old Castle Society. (See Narborough, seen in gaiters and always brightly the logo on the front cover). -
The Internal Arrangement of the Donjon at Colchester in Essex: a Reconsideration
The internal arrangement of the donjon at Colchester in Essex: a reconsideration 178 The Castle Studies Group Journal No 23: 2009-10 The internal arrangement of the donjon at Colchester in Essex: a reconsideration The internal arrangement of the donjon century,7 which would only have acted as at Colchester in Essex: a reconsideration another propaganda spur to the Normans to Pamela Marshall build a castle there, underlining continuity of authority. Roman building material was Impressive in size, the great tower at liberally used in the construction of the Colchester represents one of the more enig- donjon, though it has to be borne in mind matic early donjons extant in the British that the dearth of good building stone in the Isles, for its early history, development and region, combined with a copious source of design are not entirely typical. While Wil- recyclable Roman ruins, would naturally liam the Conqueror instigated its building encourage such a course of action even around 1074 to 1076, only the ground floor without the added advantage of any sym- was completed, leaving the structure in an bolic connotations. architectural state of limbo. A quarter of a century passed before Henry I granted the The second peculiarity of the don- castle by charter to his steward Eudo, a jon surrounds the lengthy building break, man who had close personal connections clearly evidenced by crenellations fossil- with Colchester, and who may have over- ised within the walls at the top of basement 8 seen the earlier phase of building on behalf level (Phase Ia). Arguments that this was of the former king. -
Colchester Archaeological Report 12
COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 12: Animal bones from excavations in Colchester, 1971-85 Colchester Archaeological Reports General Editor: Philip Crummy Published by the Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd Report 1: Aspects of Anglo-Saxon and Norman Colchester by Philip Crummy (CBA Research Report 39), 1981 ISBN 0 906780 06 3 Published jointly by the Colchester Archaeological Trust and the Council for British Archaeology, 112 Kennington Road, London SE11 6RE Report 2: The Roman small finds from excavations in Colchester 1971-9 by Nina Crummy, 1983 ISBN 0 9503727 3 0 Report 3: Excavations at Lion Walk, Balkerne Lane, and Middleborough, Colchester, Essex by Philip Crummy, 1984 ISBN 0 9503727 4 9 Report 4: The coins from excavations in Colchester 1971-9 by Nina Crummy (ed), 1987 ISBN 0 9503727 6 5 Report 5: The post-Roman small finds from excavations in Colchester 1971-85 by Nina Crummy, 1988 ISBN 0 9503727 7 3 Report 6: Excavations at Culver Street, the Gilberd School, and other sites in Colchester 1971-85 by Philip Crummy, 1992 ISBN 0 9503727 9 X Report 9: Excavations of Roman and later cemeteries, churches and monastic sites in Colchester, 1971-88 by Nina Crummy, Philip Crummy, and Carl Crossan, 1993 ISBN 1 897719 01 9 COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 12: Animal bones from excavations in Colchester, 1971-85 by ROSEMARY LUFF with a contribution by Don Brothwell COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST LTD © 1993 Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd and Author and contributor English Heritage Rosemary Luff, Published 1993 by Faunal Remains Unit, Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd, Department of Archaeology, 12 Lexden Road, Cambridge University, Colchester, Downing Street, Essex C03 3NF. -
Doncaster to Conisbrough (PDF)
Kilometres 0 Miles 0.5 1 1.5 0 Kilometres 1 Stage 17: Doncaster to Conisbrough A638 0 Miles 0.5 1 Cusworth To Selby River Don Enjoy the Slow Tour Things to see and do Wheatley Cusworth Hall and Museum A Cusworth 19 on the National Cycle An imposing 18th century country house Hall set in extensive landscaped parklands. 30 Network! A6 Sprotborough A638 Richmond The Slow Tour is a guide to 21 of Sprotborough is a village which sits on Hill the best cycle routes in Yorkshire. the River Don and has locks which allow Take a Break! It’s been inspired by the Tour de boats to pass safely. Doncaster has plenty of cafés, pubs and restaurants. France Grand Départ in Yorkshire in A 1 Conisbrough Viaduct (M Doncaster ) 2014 and funded by Public Health The Boat Inn, Sprotborough does great A630 With its 21 arches the grand viaduct Teams in the region. All routes form food and is where Sir Walter Scott wrote spans the River Don and formed part of his novel Ivanhoe. Doncaster part of the National Cycle Network - start the Dearne Valley Railway. The Red Lion, Conisbrough is a Sam more than 14,000 miles of traffic- Smith pub and serves a range of food. River Don free paths, quiet lanes and on-road Conisbrough Castle A638 walking and cycling routes across This medieval fortification was initially the UK. built in the 11th century by William de Hyde Warenne, the Earl of Surrey, after the Park This route is part of National Hexthorpe A18 0 Norman conquest of England in 1066. -
The Castle Studies Group Bulletin
THE CASTLE STUDIES GROUP BULLETIN Volume 17 April 2014 Editorial INSIDE THIS ISSUE amela Marshall, the Chair and Secretary of the Castle Studies Group has Pdecided, after serving in the role for 14 years, to step down at the next News Ireland AGM in April. During that period Pamela has given so much of her time to CSG Limerick/Coolbanagher/ affairs not only for the benefit of the CSG membership directly but also has Carrickfergus represented us on the international stage. Her election to the Comité Perma- 2-3 nent of the Château-Gaillard Colloque at about the same time allowed those links between that august body and the CSG to be strengthened for the benefit Diary Dates of castle studies more widely. I am sure all of us would wish to thank Pamela 4-5 for steering and guiding the CSG over the past 14 years but also look forward to her continuing contribution to castle research and publication. News England The successor to Pamela, who after Bob Higham, will be only the third At Risk Register/ elected Chair in the history of the group, is now being sought. Nominations for Lancaster Castle the new Chair are being considered and will form part of the discussion at the 6-8 forthcoming AGM to be held during the CSG Ulster conference in Belfast on April 26 2014. It is expected that members will have an opportunity to vote for More News Ireland the new Chair but to give due consideration and an appropriate period of con- Ballinskelligs/Limerick sultation, an interim or caretaker Chair may be necessary in the short term. -
Colchester Historic Characterisation Report 2009
Front Cover: Arial view of Colchester Castle and Castle Park. ii Content FIGURES................................................................................................................................................VI ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................................IX ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................................X COLCHESTER BOROUGH HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISATION PROJECT ........... 11 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT ..................................................................................................... 12 2 THE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT OF COLCHESTER BOROUGH............................................. 14 2.1 PALAEOLITHIC ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.2 MESOLITHIC ........................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 NEOLITHIC ............................................................................................................................. 15 BRONZE AGE....................................................................................................................................... 16 2.4 IRON AGE.............................................................................................................................. -
The Colchester Archaeologist 1993-4
Colchester Castle 1 understanding Britain's largest Norman keep Bringing the past to life 8 a reconstruction painting of one of the largest houses in Roman Colchester Gosbecks Archaeological Park 10 plans for a new interpretation centre and country park Prospecting at Gosbecks 14 a probing survey of a Roman temple Around Essex 16 news from around the county The Friends of the Colchester Archaeological Trust 18 recent and forthcoming activities and events Archaeology for young people 19 buildings with uniforms Following in the steps of Celtic warriors 20 a scheme to protect Colchester's famous earthworks In brief 21 notes and news THE FRIENDS OF THE COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST Cover: Colchester Castle. Photograph by Alison Colchester. If you would like future issues of posted to you The Colchester Archaeologist, The Colchester Archaeologist Issue Number 7 (1993-4) direct, then why not consider joining the Friends of the Colchester Archaeological Trust? Published by the Colchester Archaeological Trus! Ltd, The Friends of the Colchester Archaeological Trust exists to keep interested 12 Lexden Road, Colchester CQ3 3NF members of the public in touch with the archaeological work in the historic town of Colchester. Members receive The Colchester Archaeologist, attend Produced by an annual lecture about the previous year's work, are given conducted tours of Philip Crummy current sites, and can take part in a programme of visits to archaeological sites and monuments in the area. Publication of The Colchester Archaeologist is Printed by Witley Press Ltd, helped by funds provided by the Friends. Hunstanton. Norfolk The annual subscription rates are as follows: Adults and Institutions £3.00, © 1994 Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd Family membership £4.00, Children and Students £2.00.