1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE H5

Cook, Walter D. Kidd, Andrew J. that is true and the strength of all that amination, and was admitted to the gen­ Cottrell, Richard F. Lowe, Francis D. is good, grant that this new week may eral practice of law in Kansas in 19'26. Drew, William E. Miles, Donald B. be rich in the culture of our souls and He served as assistant county attorney G alloway, William R. Miller, Joseph L., Jr. in the realization of the God-ordained and was elected county attorney of Craw­ c. Munns, Ralph B. Gandola, Frank V. Rich, Robert H. way of life. ford County, Kans. He also serv.ed as Griswold, Sam S. Smith, Howard W. Inspire our minds with a reassuring commissioner of public utilities of the Howell, Posey N., Jr. Smith, Roy F. vision of Thy gracious and beneficent city of Girard and also served as com­ Hynson, Franklin W. Strosnider, Charles M. purposes and our hearts with a splendor missioner of finance and revenue for his Jackson, Davis Williams, Ernest F'. of faith and courage which nothing can home town. He was a membzr of the CHAPLAIN CORPS ever eclipse or extinguish. American Legion, the Presbyterian Adams, Charles W. LeMay, Harold E. Enable us by Thy grace to fortify our­ Church, and the various Masonic bodies. Baird, Robert J. McGowan, John J., Jr. selves against every unworthy and in­ He always took an active part in civic af­ Gearan, Jeremiah F. Nolan, Francis D. W. ordinate impulse and every callous and fairs in his home community and led Ham, Ernest A. R ankin, Daniel S. cynical temper of ·mind which may as­ an active life up until a few months be­ K abele, David R. White, Henry P. sail us as we face our duties and respon­ fore his passing. He was considered to Kosky, David J. sibilities. be one of the best public speakers in CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS We pray that the ethic of good will southeast Kansas and was always sure Blo-sfield, Eugene F. Lindgren, Clarence W. and justice, of brotherhood and friend­ of a large and attentive audience where­ Br: __ egroom, John G. Miller, Allen J. ship, may be the foundation on which ever he appeared. Caler, William K. Mosher, Edwin I. we are seeking to build a worthy and an Tom, as he was universally known Cannon, Edward ·o. Newman, Andrew M. enduring civilization. · Compton, Charles C. O'Donnell, Paul R. among his friends and acquaintances, Cosgrove, John D., 2dPantle, W alter E. Hear us in Christ's name. Amen. was a self-made man. Members of Decker, Joseph R. R alph, Earl J. The Journal of the proceedings of Congress who served with him will re­ Eustis, Ernest L., Jr. Rockefeller, Stanley Thursday, January 10, 1952, was read member him as an able debater, and an F ye, Russell · C. S altsman, Irl Leonard and approv.ed. efficient and effective Member of this Goodwin, Ernest R. Smart, Robert F. legislative body. Gordon, Maurice M. Smith, Ernest K. Harvey, Norman Smith, John E. c. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Heintskill, Peter N. Swain, Frederick W. SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED Helmsing, Joseph H. Thompson, George H. Sundry messages in writing from the Hjul, Kenneth M. Turnbull, Charles E. President of the United States were com­ Mr. KILDAY asked and was given per­ Hobbs, Herbert C., Jr. Twichell, Nathaniel H. municated to the House by Mr. Hawks, mission to address the House for 20 min­ Hubbard, Marshall S. Walter, Sylvester H. one of his secretaries. utes today, following any special orders Jackson, John K . Whitney, Herbert W. heretofore entered. Klingenberger, WalterWimer, Frank B. Mr. FEIGHAN asked and was given R. Wing, William C. MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Koetitz, Armin P. Wright, John S. permission- to address the House tomor­ Koopman, Harold A message from the Senate, by Mr. row for 20 minutes, following any special orders heretofore entered. DENTAL CORPS Landers, its enrolling clerk, announced that the Senate had ordered that the Mr. VAIL asked and was given per­ Burdette, Obed D. Wheeler, George E., Jr. mission to address the House today for Lourie, Lloyd S., Jr. Buell, Arthur B. Senator from South Carolina, Mr. JOHN­ Marker, Darrell A. Ewart, Harry G. STON, the Senator from Kentucky, Mr. 30 minutes, following any special orders Pollitt, Robert C. Jones, Benjamin F. UNDERWOOD, and the Senator from Kan­ heretofore entered. Stekette, Abraham Scheps, Gerson sas, Mr. CARLSON, be appointed members Swisher, Guy D. Clark, Wayne J. on the part of the Senate of the Joint PEWITT SCHOOL ENDS COMMUNITY The following-named officers of the Navy Committee on Postal Service in compli­ RIVALRY for permanent promotion to the grade of ance with section 13, Public Law 233, of lieutenant commander in the line and staff the Eighty-second Congress, first session. Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask corps indicated, subject to qualification sion. unanimous consent to address the House therefore as provided by law: for 1 minute and to include with my LINE remarks a statement by Mr. Robert M. Aaberg, Mildred D. Leighton, Mary E. THE LATE HONORABLE THOMAS D . WIN­ Hayes, of the Dallas News. and also a Baraw, Shirley R. Love. Winifred TER, A REPRESENTATIVE FROM THE speech by.myself on October 21, 1951. Biadasz, Frances E. Mitchell, Francis S. STATE OF KANSAS The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Bonds, Mary K. Myrick, Mildred W. The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes the request of the gentleman from Canney, Ann L. Parks,. Melba R. Texas? Carte, Carrie C. Rawl, Elizabeth L. the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. Carver, Margaret E. Richard, Dorothy E. GEORGE]. There was no objection. Chenault, Josephine L. Riley, Katherine R. Mr. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, it is my Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ Coates, Margaret S. Schaefer, Carolyn W. sad duty to announce the death on No­ serting in the RECORD at this time a story Davis, Almira B. Stewart, Jean M. vember 7, 1951, of Hon. Thomas D. Win­ of the Paul H. Pewitt School, written by Ellis, Alma G. Stockert, Mabel M. ter, a former Member of the House of Robert M. Hayes, for the Dallas News, Forrester, Christine Sutton, Mildred E. on October 21, 1951. Joyce, Dorothy J. Swanson, Dorothy F. Representatives from the Third District Kelleher, Marie B. Ziegler, Kathleen of Kansas. He served in the Congress It was my pleasure to address the pa­ January 3, 1939, to January 1947. trons and friends of the Pewitt School SUPPLY CORPS We had been personal friends for district on the occasion of the dedication Ashton, Isabelle G. Mayes, Margaret W. many years. His untimely death was of the school last October, and I was so Ford, Ellen Schopfer, Jane E. Gorham, Helen R. a great shock to his many friends impressed by the wisdom and generosity throughout .the Third Congressional of Mr. Paul H. Pewitt, and by the subor­ MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS District, the State, and the Nation. dination of petty community jealousies Cranmore, Doris Thomas D. Winter was born July 7, to the greater good of improved educa­ 1896, at Columbus, Kans. He attended tional opportunities for the children that grade schools in Galena and Columbus, I am certain others would like to know Kans., and graduated from Columbus about it. A copy of the address is in­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Kans.) High School. He served in the serted herewith. Air Corps during the First World War, My State has recently passed progres­ MONDAY, JANUARY 14, 1952 and on his return from service, be­ sive school legislation, popularly known The House met at 12 o'clock noon. came court reporter for the district court as the Gilmer-Aikin laws. A primary The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, of Crawford County. He made his home objective of these laws was to provide a D. D., offered the following prayer: at Girard, Kans. He was married to unit of administration large enough for Blanche Gracey, of McCune, Kans., in every child to have the advantages of a O Thou whom we reverently worship 1922, and she and their two children 4-year accredited high-school education. and adore as the infinite and infallible survive. While serving as court reporter It appears to me that the creation of the source of wisdom and ·the light of all he studied law, passed the State bar ex- Pewitt School district provides a proving XCVIII-10 146 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 14 ground for the Gilmer-Aikin Foundation contract was awarded in May and construc­ alty to, our educational system in the Lon e school program, for it combines several tion began a few days later. Star State. It is a great joy to me to be with Though the school was completed in time you and to participate in this historic cere­ school districts of three counties into one for the fall term the official dedication was mony of dedication. unit, and so affords opportunity to test delayed. It was held Sunday afternoon. I am happy to share with you a deep ap­ the value of the new school program. It Congressman WRIGHT PATMAN delivered the preciation of the vision and generosity is well known that the school officials of principal address. manifested by our genial and loyal fellow Texas are watching the working out of E. B. Germany, president of Lone Star Steel citizen, Mr. Paul H. Pewitt, in whose honor the program at Pewitt in several fields­ Corp., introduced PATMAN and the Pewitt this school is named. His·very generous per­ transportation, financial, administrative, School band provided the music. sonal gift has made possible this beautiful and agricultural experimentation. others on the program were the Rev. Chad plant and facilities. We salut e our friend From the beginning the experiment at Murray and the Rev. Morris Hill, both of and neighbor and pay him high tribute. Naples, and the Rev. Leslie T. Griffin, of AMERICA'S FAITH IN EDUCATION Pewitt has had an excellent chance to Omaha. succeed. First, Mr. Paul H. Pewitt, a The Paul Pewitt School represents an in­ This occasion is added proof of the faith of rancher and oil producer, of Omaha and vestment of approximately $300,000. It is the American people in public education. Longview, expressed his interest by sup­ estimated that the cost of duplicating the We have always had unsurpassed faith in plying money and advice. Then the peo­ plant would amount to at least $500,000. the value and power of learning. While our Thus far the taxpayer has been out less t h an forefathers struggled to survive in a strange ple overwhelmingly voted for consolida­ and hostile land they nurtured this faith. tion, for bond issues, and for the school $150,000. The buildings, modern in every respect, The founders of our Nation-Franklin, Jef ­ board composed of the leading citizens include a classroom building, a gymnasium, feri::on, Madison, and Washington believed of the communities. · This board, com­ band house, athletic stadium, agricultural. that the strength of the new Nation would posed of W. C. Stevens, president; Dr. classrooms and shop (still under construc­ depend upon the spread of enlightenment. C. J. Wise, secretary; B. B. Brown; J.M. tion) and quarters for the school superin­ All the great champions of democracy Hampton; R. E. Moore; W. G. Gran­ tendent, pr·ncipal, and coach. throughout our national history have be­ berry; and Jamie Brabham, has given The experimental farm and campus cover lieved that the survival of free institutions 115 acres. Though the agricultural program dem3.nds an educated people. unstintedly of time and money to make This unfailing faith has been translated the program succeed. is still in the formative stage, the students already have planted 22 acres of crimson into action. America has developed a sys­ After election, on April 1, 1950, the clover, using four methods of soil prepara­ tem of public schools which has challenged first action of the school board was to tion and two types of fertilizer. and influenced the educational thought and elect Frank C. Bean as the school super­ The school has two vocational agricul­ practice of the Old World. We repudiated intendent. The professional life of Mr. tural instructors-N. B. Finley and Robert the aristocratic idea of Europe and estab­ Bean exemplifies the progress that edu­ D. Bearden. lished the principle of a single system for all Among the modern features of the new the people. From the kindergarten to the cation has made in Texas, for he began university, we· keep open to all young peo­ in a one-teacher school and has devel­ plant are a department for handicapped children, a large aud:torium and cafeteria, a ple with ability and ambition the doors of oped in patience, tact, and resourceful­ $2,500 intercommunication system, a com­ opportunity for the highest and best educa­ ness to the point of being the unanimous mercial department, and a department of tion. Our system of education is one of the choice of the school board for the task - music. finest and truest expressions of American of welding together the faculties and pa­ The current enrollment is 713 in 12 grades. democracy. trons of the several districts that make Nine buses serve to 100-square-mile district THE GREATEST CHALLENGE TO OUR DEMOCRACY up the Pewitt independent school dis­ which touches neighboring counties. We cannot be too confident, however, that trict. The school has a 50-piece uniformed band our educational system can face and solve The newspaper story follows: and a football team that hopes to make the many domestic and foreign problems of gridiron history in east Texas. the present and future. We must be willing PEWI'IT SCHOOL ENDS COMMUNITY RIVALRY Supt. Frank C. Bean, a ve+eran educator at all times to reconsider the basic objectives (By Robert M. Hayes) who formerly taught in Paris Junior College, and methods of our education. Democracy NAPLES-OMAHA, TEx., October 21.-The Paul says the experimental farm is one of the larg­ is challenged today as never before in its Pewitt School, completed a few weeks ago, est of its kind in Texas and he feels the need history. We were shocked to discover that has been called an experiment in rural edu­ for young men properly trained in efficient Nazi Germany, Imperial J apan, and Russia cation. farm management will become more acute in have misused their educational systems to Actually it is far more than that. It has the years to come. serve sinister and selfish purposes. They been a major factor in wiping out petty jeal­ "As the Lone Star Steel plant expands," made us realize that education can serve ousies between neighboring towns and may he said, "there will b e a greater demand both either tyranny or freedom, that it can foster set a pattern in coordinated community for trained farmers and skilled mechanics. ignorance, and can fasten on a people the effort. We hope we can help fill the need for both." chains of slavery. Because of this challenge Paul Pewitt, who gave 100 acres of land Bean takes almost as much pride in the to our democratic ideals and institutions we and $100,000 in cash to get the project start­ new cooperative community spirit as he does shall renew our faith in the power of educa­ ed, planned it that way. in the school. tion to keep our democracy strong. We shall Until early last year Naples and Omaha, "The rivalry between Naples and Omaha redouble our etrorts to make our education used to get pretty bitter at times," he said, even more successful in training youth to ba only 5 miles apart and each in a different "but now that they have a common interest school district, maintained separate school worthy citizens of a democratic Nation. they work together in perfect harmony. CHANGING CONDITIONS IN THE WORLD TODAY systems. Tax revenues were low and school "They're both rooting for the same school officials had a hard time making a go of it. team and when we needed $16,000 not long Your elected representatives in the United To make matters worse, a tornado swept ago for our band and athletic departments. States Congress do not have as much time through Morris County early in 1950, leaving the town leaders got together and raised the as they would like to have to think of the a path of destruction. Both school systems m oney in no time." first and more important things in our hearts were hard hit. Bean was instrumental in organizing the and minds-the peacetime welfare of all our Pewitt, wealthy oil operator and ranch only school district Lions Club in the world. people. We are forced to think of such per­ owner, heard of their plight and asked per­ It is known as the.Pewitt Lions Club and plexing problems as national defense and mission to address a joint session of the dis- has 82 members. It is the largest rural club mobilization. But, if we are not constantly trict boards. • in Lions International. Membership takes on guard, the rapidly changing situations in Pewitt told the school officials he wanted in the entire school district. any part of the world might at any moment to help. He would like to see better educa­ plunge us into another world war on a vaster tional facilities for farm youngsters in an EDUCATION FOR CITIZENSHIP IN A DEMOCRACY scale than ever before. If we are to be strong area that was predominantly agricultural. (Address by Hon. WRIGHT PATMAN at dedica- enough to protect and defend our homes, our He was willing to give not only 100 acres of tion of Pewitt School, October 21, 1951) schools, our farms, our factories, our cities, land for an experimental farm but $100,000 I am proud to be with you, my neighbors and our institutions we must turn our at­ toward a modern school plant.• and fellow citizens, at this dedication of the tention now to rearmament so that we may He made only one stipulation: The two dis­ Consolidated Pewitt School, which will be be prepared for any emergency thrust upon tricts must be consolidated and the school the educational center of two fine communi­ us. erected approximately midway between ties. I congratulate the school officials and WE STILL HOPE FOR PEACE Naples and Omaha. Otherwise there were loyal citizens who assumed the responsibility I would much prefer to devote my entire no strings to his otrer. for planning and building such a useful and time and all my energies to the solution of The two communities lost no time in meet­ beautiful structure to be used for the educa­ our own domestic problems and the develop­ ing the requirements. A consolidation was tion of our young people in this district. ment of the resources of our great State and quickly effected. A new board was elected This school will stand for generations as a Nation. These are the primary interests of and bids on the project were invited. The memorial to your faith in, devotion and loy- all Americans. All of us would prefer to live 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 147 in the fruitful ways of peace and prosperity, OUR AMERICAN TRADITIONS women, and children being injured and but we must not fail to heed the warnings We should take time now and then to ask seriously maimed by so-called torch or that come to us every day in the headlines ourselves what these basic ideals and tradi­ of our papers and over the radio. exploding sweaters, garments made of tions are since we spend so much money and highly inflammable fabric. They are In recent years the propaganda machines · effort on them. What do we want educa­ of the enemies of democracy have denounced tion to be in order to preserve and strengthen reminiscent of the days several years the United States as a Nation of warmongers. these ideals? ago when, it was reported, many children This is a false accusation emanating from First. We want education that will develop were fatally injured through the wearing distorted minds. These warlords and their the individual to his highest capacity and of cheap; highly inflammable Boy Scout propagandists know, as well as we know, that excellence. This is contrary to the totali­ suits. During the Seventy-ninth and America wants peace, and freedom to enjoy tarian ideal of making an individual of and Eightieth Congresses I introduced bills the benefits of democracy. for the State. The most basic moral ele­ which would have outlawed in interstate In two world wars we were so completely ment of our democracy is belief in the value commerce this damnable business. Cer­ happy in our peaceful way of life that we and dignity and freedom of the individual. postponed too long preparation to defend This means that every young man or woman, tain interests were successful in blocking ourselves and other free peoples of the world rich or poor, must have equal opportunities action. I am going to introduce another against totalitarian aggression. During the to the best possible training for whatever he bill, and the-gentleman from California present period of renewed threats from dic­ aspires to be-farmer, laborer, teacher, or any [Mr. JOHNSON], who I am happy to say tators we are determined to be ready to de­ other vocation. also sponsored bills in the former Con­ fend ourselves at any time. We want peace, Second. We want education for a society gresses, is joining me in this movement. but not peace at any price-certainly not of free men and women. Although our We both agree this new situation em­ peace that will force us t~ surrender our Declaration of Independence declares that phasizes both the need of Federal action own principles and ideals ana desert the free "all men are created equal," it does not guar­ peoples of the United Nations. and the criminality of this kind of busi­ antee that all men will take equal advantage ness so dangerous to our people. FOUNDATIONS OF OUR DEMOCRACY of equality of opportunity. Nor is there any Why is it that our peace-loving people guarantee that all men may keep and enjoy have been able to prepare so quickly for two their freedom. A man who kills his neigh­ ATTORNEY GENERAL McGRATH world wars and to win victories against the bor is denied the right of freedom in a society most powerful war machines in history? of free people. We teach our youth that Mr. BAKEWELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask The answer is our superior moral strength. they must develop certain moral qualities· unanimous consent to address the House The essential elements of this strength are of character if they are to enjoy freedom in for 1 minute and to revise and extend my faith in democracy, love of liberty, belief in a democracy of free men. I believe that remarks. the rights of others, and loyalty to the prin­ every pupil as he reaches maturity should be The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ciples of justice and equality of opportunity. taught the great principles in the Bill of Rights. the request of the gentleman from Mis­ These elements are taught in our schools and souri? developed in the characters of the pupils in Third. We want education that will make schools like the Pewitt school which we a good producer of goods and services. For There was no objection. dedicate today. We realize that character the first time in our history our industrial Mr. BAKEWELL. MI'. Speaker, after is the cornerstone of a good democracy. economy is able to produce material plenty President Truman named Attorney Gen­ for all our people. It has the highest pro­ eral J. Howard McGrath last week to EDUCATION FOR CITIZENSHIP IN A DEMOCRAC Y ductive capacity of any Nation. Even in clean up the corruption in Government, Democracy is no stronger than the charac­ this period of mobilization when many ma­ ter of the people who make its foundation. terials are scarce we have plans for increased I received a telegram from a constituent Ours is- a government of, for, and by the production that will satisfy the essential suggesting that Jim Carroll be appointed people, and we are proud of the fact that needs of our people. All yqung people should to investigate bookies. Jim Carroll is America is the land of the common man. be trained to produce something worth while known as the betting commissioner in Hence, making the right kind of citizens who or to provide some of the many services the Midwest. It is just as ludicrous to will preserve the foundations of our Democ­ which any community needs. name McGrath to clean up corruption in racy is the proper function of education. I Fourth. We want education to make Government as it would be to appoint am glad to say that I have great pride in world citizens. Suddenly our Nation has Jim Carroll to investigate the bookies what our public schools have done for our become the center of the world. It may not State and Nation. I also have a firm faith be a very happy thought for many Ameri­ or Frank Costello to clean up gambling. in what they are doing today and what they cans, but it is our inescapable destiny. We Attorney General McGrath has proved will do tomorrow. They have made a strong may pay a great price in money and even in by his record that he is not interested in citizenship in the past and they will make human lives but we cannot afford to turn L1f.orcing the law. Merely. because the better citizens in the future. our backs to the freedom-loving peoples in President tells him to do the job does These future citizens and leaders being any part of the world. We must accept the not mean that McGrath is going to sud­ trained in our schools today face greatly responsibility of leading the world to peace denly assume the mctntle of righteous­ changed conditions in our social, economic, on earth and good will toward men. To do and political life. The older generations this will require all the knowledge, wisdom, ness in Government law enforcement. lived in a simple agricultural economy. We faith, and good will of which humanity is I reiterate that if the President is sin­ depended upon rich lands that extended al­ capable. cere in cleaning up corruption in Gov - most without limit to the western frontiers. I am confident that this fine new school ernment, he would start by dismissing Today we live in a highly productive indus­ and all our public schools and other insti­ McGrath and appointing a fear less trial economy with almost limitless possi­ tutions will educate our youth to respect and prosecutor as Attorney General. bilities. But this industrial age and espe­ to apply to modern life these ideals and cially our international conditions brings traditions of Americanism. I am also confi­ new problems and responsibilities. dent that America will continue to be the THE MILITARY PAY BILL Those of us who grapple every day with world's greatest democracy and industrial the many complex domestic and foreign power. In spite of our fears and difficulties Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask problems are keenly aware that this country our democracy will survive with even greater unanimous consent to address the House is passing through the most critical period in strength and will lead our confused world for 1 minute and to revise and extend my its history. It is a period that will test the into an era of universal peace. remarks. strength of our democracy and civilization The SPEAKER. Is there objection to as never before. Totalitarian voices try to the request of the gentleman from Illi­ scare us by telling their people and their GARMENTS MADE OF INFLAMMABLE nois? weaker satellites that · our democracy is too FABRIC weak to defend ourselves and to protect our There was no objection. allies. Such unfounded falsehoods merely . Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Speaker, tomor­ fortify our faith and courage. unanimous consent to address the House row the military pay bill will come be­ Nevertheless, a challenge like this makes for 1 minute and to revise and extend fore the House under a suspension of us appreciate more the ideals and traditions my remarks. the rules. I think a bill that will lay which made America the strongest democra­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to an extra tax burden of a billion dollars cy in the world. It reminds us to keep fresh the request of the gentleman from New to start with and which will probably in our memories these ideals for which our Jersey? run to two billions additional expense pioneer forefathers fought. It makes us re­ solve to increase the power of these ideals in There was no objection. within the next few years ought to be this new industrial and international age in Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker, during brought before the House in such man­ which we live today. This is the supreme the last several days the press of the ner that it can be revised by amend­ task of education. Nation has carried reports of men, ment. 148 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 14 There is a strong attitude on the part Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the therefore hope that the Congress will of most Members of the House to make gentleman yield? give speedy approval to Reorganization some increases in the various categories Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I yield Plan No. 1, in order that we may move of the military services, particularly in to the gentleman from Mississippi. ahead rapidly in achieving the reorgani­ the lower categories. I would support Mr. RANKIN. Hiss, Acheson, and zation of the Bureau of Internal Reve­ such a bill, but it would seem to me that Marshall seem to have sold us out at nue. a 40-minute consideration and debate of Yalta. The task of collecting the internal rev­ a bill that carries such a heavy expendi­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ enue has expanded enormously within ture is too scant consideration, that it tleman from Michigan has expired. the past decade. This expansion has ought to be brought· up under a rule been occasioned by the necessary adcii­ allowing amendments. If this bill is tional taxation brought on by World War voted down tomorrow, it can then be REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 1 OF 1952- II· and essential postwar programs. In brought to the House under a rule where MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF fiscal year 1940, tax collections made by amendments can be offered with ade­ THE UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 327) the Bureau of Internal Revenue were quate time to give this costly and im­ The SPEAKER laid before the House slightly over 5% billions of dollars; in portant legislation the consideration it the following message from the Presi­ 1951, they totaled almost 50% billions. merits. dent of the United States, which was In 1940, 19 million tax returns were filed; read, and, together with the accompany­ in 1951, 82 million. In 1940, there were ing papers, referred to the Committee 22,000 employees working for the Bu­ LOSING THE VICTORY on Expenditures in the Executive De­ reau; in 1951, there were 57,000. Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask partments and ordered to be printed: Throughout this tremendous growth, unanimous consent to address the House the structure of the revenue-collectL.'1g for 1 minute and to revise and extend my To the Congress of the United StaJes: organization has remained ;-ubstantially remarks and include a newspaper clip­ I transmit herewith Reorganization unchanged. The present field structure ping from the New York Times and a Plan No. 1 of 1952, prepared in accord­ of the Bureau of Internal Revenue is letter from Gen. Claire Lee Chennault. ance with the Reorganization Act of 1949 comprised of more than 200 field offices The SPEAKER. Is there objection and providing for reorganizations in the which report directly to Washington. to the request of the gentleman from Bureau of Internal Revenue of the De­ Those 200 offices carry out their func­ Mississippi? partment of the Treasury. tions through more than 2,000 suboffices There was no objection. A comprehensive reorganization of and posts of duty throughout the coun­ [Mr. RANKIN addressed the House. that Bureau is necessary both to increase try. The Washington office now pro­ His remarks appear in the Appendix. J the efficiency of its operations and to vides operating supervision, guidance, Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. provide better machinery for assuring and control over the principal field of­ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ honest and impartial administration of fices through 10 separate divisions, thus dress the House for 1 minute and to the internal-revenue laws. The reor­ further adding to the complexities of ad­ revise and extend my remarks. ganization plan transmitted with this ministration. The SPEAKER. Is there objection message is essential to accomplish the Since the end of World War II, many to the request of the gentleman from basic changes in the structure of the Bu­ procedural improvements have been reau of Internal Revenue which are nec­ made in the Bureau's operations. The Michigan? use of automatic machines has been There was no objection. essary for the kind of comprehensive re­ organization that is now required. greatly increased. The handling of cases Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. r. By bringing additional personnel in has been simplified. One major advance Speake, the gentleman from Missis­ the Bureau of Internal Revenue under is represented by the recently completed sippi, my friend, Mr. RANKIN, always the merit system, Reorganization Plan arrangements to expedite criminal pros­ gets me stirred up. No. 1 likewise removes what the Com­ ecutions in tax fraud cases. In these Now, there is now nothing mysterious mission on Organization of the Execu­ cases, filed representatives of the Bureau at all about our involvement in this tive Branch of the Government described of Internal Revenue will make recom­ present situation, though at the time as "one of the chief handicaps to effec­ mendations for criminal prosecutions di­ the deals were made neither the people tive organization of the Department." rectly to the Department of Justice. nor the Congress were aware of what It is my determination to maintain the These procedural changes have in­ was happening. The gentleman knows highest standards of integrity and effi­ creased the Bureau's efficiency and have far better than I that Acheson and ciency in the Federal service. While made it possible for the Bureau to carry that outfit down there in the State De­ those standards have been observed its enormously increased workload. partment got us in this situation which faithfully by all but a relatively few pub­ However, improvements in procedure now threatens our freedom and se­ lic servants, the betrayal of their trust cannot meet the need for organizational curity. by those few demands the strongest cor- changes. Now, conceding, and I am willing to . rective action. Part of the authority necessary to concede for the purpose of a voiding an The most vigorous efforts are being make a comprehensive reorganization argument, that Mr. Acheson and the and will continue to be made to expose was provided in Reorganization Plan No. rest of them are just as patriotic as any­ and punish every Government employee 26 of 1950, which was one of several uni­ one could be, just as honest and sin­ who misuses his official position. But form plans giving department heads cere. If that makes you sick, all right, we must do even more than this. We fuller authority over internal organiza­ but I will concede it. Now, conceding must correct every defect in organiza­ tions throughout their departments. that I will admit that a way was pre­ tion that contributes to inefficient man­ The studies of the Secretary of the sented to us to get rid of this outfit agement and thus affords the opportu­ Treasury have culminated since that by cutting off their pay, at least the pay nity for improper conduct. time in a plan for extensive reorgani­ of Secretary Acheson, but about half the The thorough reorganization of the zation and modernization of the Bureau. Republicans and some Democrats would Bureau of Internal Revenue which I pro­ However, his existing authority is not not and did not go along; they each had pose will be of great help in accomplish­ broad enough to permit him to effectu­ one excuse or another. Some even said ing all of these ends. It is an integral ate all of the basic features of the plan "Let us keep Acheson. He is a political part of a program to prevent improper he has developed. asset." Some said "That is a tricky conduct in public !ervice, to protect the The principal barrier to effective or­ war." Others "It is not constitutional." Government from insidious influence ganization and administration of the Bu­ Almost any excuse. We kept him on. peddlers and favor seekers, to expose reau of Internal Revenue which plan No. The man who is responsible for the war, and punish wrongdoers, and to improve 1 removes is the archaic statutory office as so many call it, is given the job of the management and efficiency· of the of collector of internal revenue. Since trying t-0 get us out, when he appar­ executive branch. the collectors are not appointed and can­ ently does not want us out. Also the I am confident that the Congress and not be removed by the Commissioner of · opportunity of covering his own mis­ the public are as deeply and earnestly Internal Revenue or the Secretary of the takes. Until you get rid of Acheson concerned as I am that the public busi­ Treasury, and since the collectors must the people will not have any confidence ness be conducted entirely upon a basis accommodate themselves to local politi­ in our present administration. of fairness, integrity, and efficiency. I cal situations, they are not fully respon-

. ~ 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 149 sive to the control of their superiors in ury under the comprehensive reorgan­ The taking effect of the reorganiza­ the Treasur, · Department. Residence ization is to utilize one assistant com­ tions provided for in Reorganization requirements prevent moving a collector missioner to assist the commissioner of Plan No. 1 of 1952 will make possible from one collection district to another, internal revenue in supervising the op­ many b~neftts in improved organization either to promote impartiality and fair­ erations of the district offices, another and operations which may be expected to ness or to .'ldvance collectors to more im­ assistant commissioner to aid in the produce substantial savings in future portant positions. Uncertainties of ten­ preparation of technical rulings and de­ years. Those savings should not be ex­ ure add to the difficulty of attracting to cisions, and the third assistant commis­ pected to be reflected in an immediate such offices persons who are well versed sioner to supervise for the commissioner reduction in expenditure by the Bureau. in the intricacies of the revenue laws the inspection activities of the Bureau. of Internal Revenue but in an improved and possessed of broad-·gaged adminis­ Two additional advantages will be ob­ service to the public and a more efficient trative ability. tained when the reorganization around collection of revenue. It is appropriate and desirable that this new framework is completed. It should be emphasized that abolition major political offices in the executive First, the strong inspection servics by plan No. 1 of the offices of collectors branch of the Government be filled by which the Secretary is establishing will and others will in no way prejudice any persons who are appointed by the Presi­ keep the work of the Bureau under close right or potential right of any taxpayer. dent by and with the advice and consent and continuous observation. Working The abolition of offices by plan No. 1 will of the Senate. On the other hand, the under the direct control of the Commis­ not abolish any rights, privileges, pow­ technical nature of much of the Govern­ sioner of Internal Revenue, it will be ers, duties, immunities, liabilities, obli­ ment's work today makes it equally ap­ responsible for promptly detecting and gations, or other attributes of those of­ propriate ~. nd desirable that positions of investigating any irregularities. fices except as they relate to matters of other types be in the professional career Second, the new pattern of organiza­ appointment, tenure, and compensation service. The administration of our in­ tion will strengthen and clarify lines of inconsistent with plan No. 1. Under the ternal revenue laws at the local level responsibility throughout the Bureau, Reorganization Act of 1949, all of these calls for positions in the latter category. thus simplifying and making more ef­ attributes of office will attach to the of­ Instead of the present organization fective and uniform the management fice to which the functions of the abol­ built around .the offices of politically control of the organization. This is es­ ished office are delegated by the Secre­ appointed collectors of internal revenue, sential in any effort to provide our prin­ tary of the Treasury. plan No. 1 will make it possible for the cipal revenue collection agency the best After investigation, I have found and Secretary of the Treasury to establish possible administration. hereby declare that each reorganization not to exceed 25 district offices. Each In order to eliminate Presidential ap­ included in Reorganization Plan No. 1 of of these offices will be headed by a dis­ pointment and Senatorial confirmation 1952 is necessary to accomplish one or trict commissioner who will be respon­ with respect to the Assistant General more of the purposes set forth in section sible to the Commissioner of Internal Counsel for the Bureau of Internal Reve­ 2 of the Reorganization Act of 1949. Revenue and will have full responsibility nue, and in order to provide a method I have found and hereby declare that for administering all internal revenue of appointment comparable to that ob­ it is necessary to include in the accom­ activities within a designated area. In taining in the case of other assistant panying Reorganization Plan No. l, by addition, all essential collection, enforce­ general counsel of the Department of reason of reorganizations made thereby, ment, and appellate functions can be the Treasury, plan No. 1 abolishes that provisions for the appointment and provided for in each local area and under office and provides in lieu thereof a new compensation of the officers specified one roof so far as is practicable. It is office of Assistant General Counsel with therein. The rates of compensation not proposed to discontinue any essential appointment under the classified civil fixed for these officers are not in excess facilities which now exist in any local service. of those which I have found to prevail in areas. Rather, the facilities will be ex­ The success of the reorganization of respect of comparable officers in the ex­ tended and the service to taxpayers im­ the Bureau of Internal Revenue will to ecutive branch. . proved. These new arrangements should a considerable extent depend upon the I cannot emphasize too strongly the make it possible for the individual tax­ ability to attract the best qualified per­ importance which should be attached to payer to conduct his business with the sons to the key positions throughout the the reorganization plan that I am now Bureau much more conveniently and ex­ Bureau. In order to do so, it is neces­ transmitting to the Congress. The fair peditiously. sary to make provision for more ade­ and efficient administration of the Fed­ In addition to making possible greatly . quate salaries for such key positions. eral internal revenue laws is of vital con­ _improved service to the taxpayer, the Plan No. 1 establishes in the Bureau of cern to every citizen. All of us have a establishment of the dfstrict offices will Internal Revenue a maximum of 70 of­ right to insist that the Bureau of Inter­ provide opportunity in the field service fices with titles determined by the Sec­ nal Revenue be provided with the ft.nest of the Bureau of Internal Revenue for retary of the Treasury. Those offices organization that can be devised. All of the development of high caliber adminis­ are in addition to the offices with specific us are entitled to have that organization trators with experience in all phases of titles also provided for in plan No. 1 manned by personnel who get their jobs revenue administration. These offices and to any positions established under and keep them solely because of their will be the backbone of a modern stream­ other authority vested in the Depart­ lined pattern of organization and oper­ own integrity and competence. This re­ ment of the Treasury. The compensa­ organization plan will be a major step in ations with clear and direct channels of tion of these officials will be fixed under responsibility and supervision from the the Classification Act of 1949, as achieving those objectives. lowest field office to the commissioner, amended, but without regard to the nu­ HARRY S. TRUMAN. and through him to the Secretary of the merical limitations on positions set forth THE WHITE HOUSE, January 14, 1952. Treasury. The creation of this new in section 505 of that act. This pro~ framework of district offices is a neces­ vision will enable the Chairman of the sary step in carrying but the over-all Civil Service Commission, or the Presi­ SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED reorganization of the Bureau. dent, as the case may be, to fix rates of Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given Plan No. 1 also makes it possible to pay for those offices in excess of the permission to address the House for 15 provide a new framework of supervisory rates established in the Classification minutes today, following any special offices in the headquarters of the Bureau Act of 1949 for grade GS-15 whenever orders heretofore entered. of Internal Revenue. Under plan No. 1, the standards of the classification laws Mr. MEADER asked and was given the offices of deputy commissioner, spe­ so permit. permission to address the House for 10 cial deputy commissioner, and assistant All organizational changes under Plan minutes today, following any special commissioner are abolished. Three as­ No. 1 will be put into effect as soon as it orders heretofore entered. sistant commissioners, all in the classi­ is possible to do so without disrupting Mr. MADDEN asked and was given fied civil service, are authorized, and the continued collection of revenue. permission to address the House for 10 will be available to perform such func­ Plan No. 1 will in any event be effective minutes tomorrow, following the legisla­ tions as may be assigned to them. The in its entirety no later than December 1, tive program and any special orders intention of the Secretary of the Treas- 1952. heretofore entered. 150 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 14 TRADE AGREEMENT ESCAPE CLAUSES-­ Korea. Less than 6 months later, when spring of 1950, production was increased MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OP these invaders had been hurled back, to meet rising demand, and following THE UNITED STATES (H. DOC. NO. 328) Chinese Communist forces crossed into the Korean invasion, all stand-by facili­ The SPEAKER laid before the House Korea from Manchuria. ties were reactivated and expansions of the following message from the Presi­ The Communist aggression in Korea capacity of existing plants were under­ dent of the United States, which was has demonstrated to the world beyond taken. At present, Government produc­ read, and, together with the accompany­ any doubt the true intentions of the So­ tion of GR-S is at an annual rate of ing papers, referred to the Committee on viet leaders, and their willingness to use 770,000 tons, and is expected to rise to Ways and Means and ordered to be armed attack, if necessary, to accom­ an annual rate of 860,000 tons by the printed: plish their objectives. The Korean in­ third quarter of this year. vasion has made it eminently plain that During most of the past year and a To the Congress of the United States: the entire free world lives in the con­ half, because of the time required to Pursuant to the provisions of subsec­ stant danger of further Communist ag­ reactivate stand-by facilities, it was not tion (b) of Section 6 of the Trade Agree­ gression. United Nations successes in possible to increase production fast ments Extension Act of 1951 (Public Law Korea have been great, but the threat of enough to meet rising demand. In re­ 50, 82d Cong.), I hereby submit to the a third world war is still very real and .cent months, however, production has Congress a report on trade agreement es­ very menacing. kept ahead of demand and allocation cape clauses. To meet this threat, this Nation, to­ controls over GR-S have recently been A review of the existing trade agree­ gether with the other nations allied terminated. It is anticipated that pro­ ments in the light of the policy expressed with us, has undertaken a vast prepar­ duction in 1952 will not only meet all in subsection {a) of Section 6 and its edness program. This program involves domestic demands but will also provide legislative history shows that all except raising and equipping promptly sum­ a substantial margin for export, thus fa­ six are in conformity with this policy. cient armed forces to resist aggression cilitating stockpile purchases of natural One of these six agreements is ln the if it should come, and expanding our rubber. process of being terminated and another mobilization base so that we will be able. Increased costs, particularly the high is under renegotiation which is likely to to shift quickly to a full war footing if costs of feedstocks produced from alco­ include the addition of escape clause pro­ that should prove necessary. This in­ hol which have been required to achieve visions. Subcommittees of the Interde­ volves, in turn, assuring an adequate the present levels of GR-S production, partmental Committee on Trade Agree­ and uninterrupted supply of the criti­ have necessitated increasing the price of ments have been directed to recommend cal materials needed for defense pro­ GR-S from 18 % cents a pound to 26 to that Committee at an early date pro­ duction. cents in order to operate the GR-S facil­ posals with regard to the remaining four The problem is particularly acute in ities, as a whole, without loss. of these agreements. the case of rubber. Most of the world's Two technological developments have There is attached a detailed report on natural rubber is produced in southeast improved the ability of GR-S to compete this subject prepared for me by the Asia where Communist subversion and with natural rubber. First, "cold rub­ Trade Agreements Committee. Since sabotage are now a serious problem. ber," a type of GR-S, which was a rela­ this is the :first report to the Congress Communist invasion of these areas is an tively new product 2 years ago, has under section 6, the attached report con­ ever-present possibility. proved to be superior to natural rubber tains an explanation of the development A stockpile of natural rubber is a par­ in most ·tire treads. Second, it has been of the use of escape clauses and the ex­ tial protection against ioss of production found that low-cost oil can be added, as tent to which they have been made ap­ in these areas. I am happy to report an extender, in the production of GR-S, plicable to an increasingly large number that in the past 2 years, despite Commu­ thus introducing important cost savings of concessions. nist activities in rubber-producing areas, with no significant change in quality. HARRY S. TRUMAN. natural rubber production has been Research investigations now in process THE WHITE HOUSE, January 10, 1952. mainta~ed at high levels, and despite promise further advances. · soaring world demand for rubber, we As a result of these technological de­ velopments, GR-S is in a better position RUBBER ACT OF 1948-MFBSAGE FROM have made substantial progress in accu­ mulating a natural rubber stockpile. to compete with natural rubber than it THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED was 2 years ago. It is still probable, how­ STATES (H. DOC. NO. 326) Our minimum objectives will soon be met, and if international conditions do not ever, that GR-S could not compete for The SPEAKER laid before the House worsen, it may be possible to begin soon bulk uses with natural rubber offered at the following message from the Presi­ to taper off our stockpile purchasing of significantly lower prices over a consid­ dent of the United States, which wa·s rubber. erable period of time. read, and referred to the Committee on Our accelerated rate of stockpiling in Butyl production, in January 1950, was Armed Services and ordered to be the past 2 years has been made possible at an annual rate of 52,000 tons in the printed: largely by the existence of our synthetic two Government-owned butyl plants. rubber industry. Government operation Present production is about 80,000 tons To the Congress of the United States: of the synthetic rubber plants over the and capacity of the plants is being ex­ On January 14, 1950, pursuant to the past 2 years has been highly successful. panded to an annual rate of 90,000 tons provisions of the Rubber Act of 1948, I Total production in Government-owned by the middle of this year. Because of transmitted to the Congress my recom­ plants has been increased from an an­ increased costs, the price was increased mendations concerning the synthetic nual rate of 270,000 tons in January 1950 in December 1950 from 18 % cents to rubber industry in the United States, to a present annual rate of 850,000 tons, 203,4 cents a pound in order to permit together with a report on the subject and we should be able to reach 950,000 continued operation without loss. from the Assistant to the President. tons within a few months. This is a Demand for butyl has far exceeded That report included a histc.ry of the remarkable record and reflects credit production since Korea. This rising de­ synthetic rubber industry, an analysis both on the Government officials direct­ mand was the cumulative result of the of its current status, and a comprehen­ ing the program and the private con­ high level of production of automotive sive review of the problems of disposal cerns reactivating and operating the tubes, the high price of natural rubber of the Government-owned plants. This plants for the Government. i·elative to butyl, and restrictions on the message, therefore, is limited to consid­ In reviewing the Government's syn­ use of natural rubber. Growing recog­ eration of the character and significance thetic rubber activities, it is important nition of the superiority of butyl over of important changes during the past 2 to distinguish between GR-S, the gen­ natural rubber for inner tubes, and the years. eral purpose rubber used chiefly in tires potential usefulness of butyl in non­ Six months after my previous report but also in many other products, and transportation products, indicate that on synthetic rubber was prepared, and butyl, a special purpose rubber used pri· demand for butyl will probably continue 1 day after I signed the bill extending marily in inner tubes. to exceed capacity output of the two the Rubber Act of 1948 until June 30, GR-S was being produced in Govern· plants. 1952, North Korean Communist forces ment-owned plants in January 1950 ·at Research in butyl rubber has been en­ crossed the thirty-eighth parallel in an annual rate of 217,000 tons. In the tirely privately financed. A number of 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 151 new applications for this rubber, now the the action taken by the Congress in June Mr. Speaker, this bill is very simple. lowest priced new rubber available, have 1950 in extending the Rubber Act of 1948, It grants a fiat pay increa~ e of 10 per­ been developed. In particular, research it is my conclusion that disposal of GR-S cent on the pay and 10 percent on quart­ rm all-butyl passenger tires has yielded facilities should be temporarly deferred. ers and ration allowances. That is what very promising results which could re­ I therefore recommend that the Rubber it does. That is all it does. So you will sult in a manyfold increase in demand Act of 1948, with respect to GR-S, be see that it does not in any way increase for butyl. extended for another 2 years. With re­ the incentive pay or things of that kind. The experience of the last 2 years re­ spect to butyl, I should like to suggest It does not constitute an increase, for inforces the conclusions of the 1950 re­ that the Congress give consideration to instance, in the pay given to members port, to the effect that butyl is in a strong authorizing disposal of these plants ac­ of air crews or submarines or to the position to. compete with natural rubber. cording to the general principles outlined special allowances for lieutenant gener­ RECOMMENDATIONS in my previous report, and to the ter­ als and above. That is not affected by The fact of open conflict and the dem­ mination of authority to require the this bill. It only affects base pay, quar­ onstrated threat of further aggression, consumption of butyl rubber. I believe, ters and subsistence allowances. the fact that our stockpile goals have however, that under either alternative­ You will recall we adopted a Career not yet been fully met, and the fact that disposal with security safeguards, or con­ Compensation Act in 1949, October 1, we are fully utilizing the available ca­ tinued Government ownership-the na­ 1949. pacity for producing synthetic rubber, tional security will be fully protected. Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, will the require that we avoid actions which I have been so advised by the Secretary gentleman yield? could interfere with continued produc­ of Defense. Mr. KILDAY. Mr. Speaker, I would tion of synthetic rubber to meet all our I have consulted the Chairman and like to make a continuous statement with needs. My recommendations are pre­ members of the National Security Re­ reference to this bill. I have asked for pared with this objective in mind. sources Board in the preparation of this 20 minutes, but I think I can conclude As I pointed out 2 years ago, difficult report. my statement in 10 minutes, and then disposal problems result from the large HARRY S. TRUMAN. will have 10 minutes in which to yield to THE WHITE HOUSE, January 14, 1952. Members who desire to ask questions. number of plants in the GR-S segment But at this time I would like to make a of the Government synthetic rubber pro­ continuous statement. gram. The possibility of a need for The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ The Career Compensation Act of 1949 Government support of GR-S for secur­ der of the House, the gentleman from was primarily a readjustment of pay ity purposes in the event of a sharp de­ Texas [Mr. KnnAY] is recognized for scales. We had not hac a comprehen­ cline in the price of natural rubber cre­ 20 minutes. sive examination of military pay scales ates further problems. The 1950 report since 1908, until we undertook it in 1949. also pointed out that among the main TEN-PERCENT INCREASE IN PAY AND It was based upon the recormnendations advantages of Government ownership CERTAIN ALLOWANCES FOR THE UNI­ of the Hook Commission. That was a are the efficiencies and economies of op­ FORMED SERVICES commission composed of the following eration· of the entire GR-S industry as an members: Mr. Hook, of the Armco Steel integrated unit. These could probably Mr. KILDAY. Mr. Speaker, as the membership is already informed, it is Co.; Mr. McHugh, vice president of the not be fully maintained if the plants my purpose on tomorrow, if the Speaker American Telephone & Telegraph Co. at were owned by a number of independent recognizes me for that purpose, to move that time; Mr. Lawrence Whiting, of the companies. Disposal of the GR-S facili­ Whiting Co., Chicago, investment bank­ ties might result in occasional losses of to suspend the rules and pass the bill (H. R. 5715) providing for a 10-percent ers, and also president of the Furniture production because of the loss of coord­ increase in pay and certain allowances Mart in Chicago; and Father Cava­ inated operation of the GR-S and feed­ of the uniformed services. naugh, president of Notre Dame Uni­ stock facilities and the loss of the flexi­ versity. bility of integrated operations. The pos­ I thought it would be desirable for me today to review briefly the provisions of For the first time we got an integrated sibility of such losses must be avoided this bill, just what it does and some of pay system. In other words, we had a under present circumstances, when max­ the action and the thoughts of the com- · proper differential between each grade, imum production is essential. · mittee which reported the bill. starting with the lowest enlisted grade This factor is not present in the case You will remember that this bill came and going all the way up to the highest of the two butyl facilities. Each of these commissioned grade, with proper differ­ facilities is a highly integrated plant, to th~ House last October, a short time before we adjourned. It was reported entials between them. It was, for the and disposal should involve no significant out of the Committee on Armed Serv­ first time, a pay scale based upon re­ interference with plant operation. ices some few days before the House ad­ sponsibility, that is, the pay provided was One reason for disposing of the butyl journed. So that at the time we ad­ commensurate with the responsibility facilities is currently more relevant than journed it constituted pending business assumed. it was when the 1950 report was written. that had not been disposed of. The Consumers Price Index of the Bu­ As noted above, the demand for butyl is Of course, word has gone out to all reau of Labor Statistics shows that be­ considerably above the capacity of the the uniformed forces of the pendency tween October 6, 1949, the date of the existing plants. Additional butyl capac­ of this bill to grant them an increase of Career Compensation Act, and July 1. ity would be highly advantageous. Al­ 10 percent. I feel quite strongly that if 1951, the cost of living increased 9.4 per­ though there is nothing in the present they are to receive a pay increase they cent. The Wage Stabilization Board has law to prevent private firms from con­ should receive it without delay. If they fairly generally adopted the policy of structing r, butyl plant, they are reluctant are not to receive the increase they permitting an increase of 10 percent in to do so when it means entering into should know that they are not going to industry. Mr. Whiting, who is very competition with the Government oper­ receive it, and they should know it :m­ closely connected with industry, testi­ ating on a "no-profit-no-loss'' basis. It mediately so that they will not be looking fied before our committee that the gen­ would obviously be desirable to create forward to getting something they are eral pattern in business and industry in circumstances which would stimulate not going to get and thus be disappointed. the United States shows an increase of 10 percent. private business interest in buildin{§ ad­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will ditional facilities. the gentleman yield? What has this Congress done toward Two years ago I recommended that the recognizing an increase of 10 percent in Mr. KILDAY. I yield to the gentle­ the cost of living? Shortly before we Congress authorize transfer of the Gov­ man from Massachusetts. ernment's rubber facilities to private adjourned we granted a pay increase of 1 Mr. McCORMACK. At a meeting this · ownership and recommended a disposal 10 percent to postal employees and to morning with President Truman, this the other Civil Service employees of the plan. It is still my belief that it would bill was discussed, and the President said be in the national interest to have the Government. That contained a limita­ I was authorized to state that he strongly tion of $800 but it also contained a mini­ authority to dispose of the synthetic rub­ supports the bill and he hopes the House mum of $300; so the Federal emplqyee ber plants. For the reasons I have just will pass it tomorrow. got no less than $300 and no more than given, however, and in consideration of Mr. KILDAY. I thank the gentleman. $800 oer Year. · 152 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 'Januar y 14 Let us summarize what has been done we have got this vast group employed by military. It can be adjusted admini• in the matter of pay for Federal employ­ the Government who did not want their stratively when you are dealing with ees in the past few years: jobs in the first place, who do not civil service employees. . Last year this Congress saw fit to in­ want to stay on them any longer than Of course, I have heard some say that crease the pay of 1,007,000 civil-service necessary; they want to get out and this is not a sufficient increase. But, it employees, some 500,000 postal em­ take up civilian puFsuits again. is in accordance with the general pat­ ployees, approximately 700,000 nonclas­ Are we going to make a distinction and tern, it is in accordance with the policy sified blue-collar defense employees, and give the fellows who asked for their jobs, adopted by this Congress as to others, ·some 7,750 per diem employees-a total the fellows who brought pressure to bear and it is in accordance with industry and of 2,214,750 Federal employees. The to get their jobs, raises in pay and re­ the Wage Stabilization Board. cost to the taxpayers is $812,526,430. fuse to give it to the men who have un­ I have also heard some objection that This is not the only increase that clas­ dertaken the defense of the country and the bill is not retroactive. The pecu­ sified employees and postal employees who are either now fighting or are sub­ liar thing here is that the objections I have received during the past few years. ject to orders to fight at any time? have heard come from two segments, Post-office employees received pay in­ I realize that a number of objections and I hope they will not possibly form creases on July 1, 1945, of $400 annually. have been raised, some with reference to a coalition against us. One segment ob­ On January 1, 1946, post-office employees calling this ·bill up now, some to the jects to it because it costs too much. The received another $400 annual increase. manner in which it is being called up, other segment objects to the bill be­ On June 30, 1948, postal employees re­ and other objections of that kind. I cause it does not give enough. Now, if ceived still another increase of $450 an­ have heard the criticism that this bill those can get together and form a coali­ nually, and on November 1, 1949, 1 month does not contain an $800 limitation as tion, it will probably be worth seeing, after the enactment of the Career Com­ the Civil Service and Post Office bills con­ even though it may endanger the bill. pensation Act, post-office employees re­ tained. But those seem to be the two objections. ceived another increase of $120 a year. Let us remember, first, that those laws Now on the retroactive feature. It You will find that civil-service employees also contained the $300 minimum. Are is true that the postal employees' and received an average increase of 15.9 per­ you going to say that the lowest rank­ and civil service employees' pay was cent in July of 1945, and in July of 1946 ing man in the military service is to get retroactive to July 1. · Since I have been received another increase averaging 14.2 a $25 a month increase? If you are to here that is the only time I can recall percent, and again on June 30, 1948, the insist on the maximum limitation, logi­ when any pay was made retroactive. I Congress granted an average increase cally you must accept the minimum. believe it to be wrong in principle. But of 11 percent to the classified civil-serv­ Then you have the $800 maximum. when you come to the military it be­ ice employee. And in October of 1949 In the first place, let me bring to your comes administratively impossible be­ the classified civil-service employees re­ attention the fact that the big money cause men are coming in and out all the ceived an additional increase of some in a bill of this kind is in the lower ranks, time. For every man who has been lost 4 percent. because there are more of them. If you in action, let us say, you would have to It might interest the Members of this had an $800 ·limitation in this bill you find his next of kin in order to adjust House to know that the average annual would save on a bill that is going to cost his back pay. For the man who has re­ salary rate of regular employees of the over $800,000,000 the large sum of $405,- cently left the service, a retroactive fea­ Post Office Department increased 84.4 000. That is the total saving by includ­ ture would present a tremendous admin­ between June 30, 1939, ·and June 30, 1950. ing the $800 limitation. If you are going istrative burden. In addition to that, And on the basis of information from to be consistent you would have to put in the present family allowance law is tied the Civil Service Commission, from Au­ the $300 minimum and your cost would in with quarters allowances. It was an gust of 1939 to June of 1950 the average be accordingly increased by well over amendment to the Career Compensation salary of employees subject to the Clas­ $300,000,000 annually. Act on quarters allowance. So we have sification Act increased from $1 ,994 to As I said at the outset, one of the 960,000 people, families, wives, children, $3,667 annually, an increase of 83.9. great accomplishments of the Hook and paren~s who are receiving quarters These percentages, in both instances, Commission and the Career Compensa­ allowances, and every one of those ac­ would be substantially increased as a tion Act was the differential in the pay counts would have to be audited and ad­ result of the recent pay increases voted of grades. Before that time we had ac­ justed. So, you cannot make it retro­ in the last session of the Congress. tually existing in our military pay sys­ active. It would create an administra­ Now let us see how the military has tem a provision under which, because tive monstrosity. fared. There is a very sharp contrast there was a ceiling on the total pay and In addition, this bill will cost about here. The average increases granted to allowances that any man could receive, $70,000,000 a month. To make it effec­ officers of the armed services between a man being promoted from lieutenant tive the first of July, rather than the June 1933 and June 1950 run about as colonel to colonel actually received a re­ first day of the month after enactment­ follows: A colonel, for example, with 22 duction in pay. That situation existed and we are hoping for a February first years' service has received a total in­ in our military pay system for many date-would cost $490,000,000 more for crease of 32.5 percent. A captain of years. We worked on that matter over this fiscal year. 10 years' service has received a total in­ a period of many years, trying to get that Mr. Speaker. the bill will cost, for a crease of 45.2 percent; enlisted person­ eliminated. When you bring in the $800 full year, $832,000,000. If it becomes nel and junior officers on the other hand limitation you are junking all of the effective February 1, for the remainder have received very substantial pay in­ work of the Hook Commission, you are of this fiscal year it will cost $350,000,000. creases during that period of time. throwing out the Career Compensation Now, I am in favor of economy, but Who are these postal employees that Act that we passed, and you are restor­ I think we should use some judgment you have increased? They are the post­ ing the hodge-podge pay system that we about where we are going to practice masters, for instance-I think you gen­ had before. economy. Are we going to begin our tlemen on the other side of the aisle will Well, you may say, the civilians can program of economy by refusing to be very must interested in reflecting on operate under it. But let us see about grant to those men who have been in- . the fact that they were appointed as po­ that. Suppose that in an individual voluntarily taken into the service, or litical patronage and were later covered office the $800 limitation would bring a voluntarily taken into the service, who into civil service. They asked for their subordinate up to or above his superior are charged with the hazardous duty of jobs; they probably brought a great deal in pay. In the civilian service that can defending the Nation and providing for of pressure and influence to bear to get be adjusted. All they have to do is to the families they have left behind, who their jobs. Then there are the civil­ promote the superior one grade or give are drawing family allowances from the service employees. They made applica­ him an administrative in-grade promo­ Government-are we going to put our tion for their jobs. tion, promote him a step. You cannot first stroke of economy on this group On the other band, why are these boys do that with the military because we after you have already sent out word in the military service? A majority of · have provided by law the exact length throughout the world that everybody the Members of this Congress yanked of time a man has to serve before he can else working for the Federal Government them away from their civilian pursuits go to the next higher grade. So it can­ has received a 10 percent increase? Are and put them in the military service. So not be adjusted administratively in the · we going to come along now and say to 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 153 the military, "You are not going to have them, labor, business, Federal employees, world, because it would give excuse for it. You are scattered all over the United or soldiers, when we just grant money the criticism that we were laying down States and the world. The fellows at increases with no more goods. on our fighting men, that we were be­ home voting got 10 percent, but you are The SPEAKER. The time of the gen• coming soft, and that there was a lack away; you are not going to get it." tleman from Texas has expired. of that determination to do that which is Is that where we are going to start Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ necessary to have a free world. economy? · mous consent that the gentleman be per­ Mr. KILDAY. Even if this bill had Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, will the mitted to proceed for five additional not been offered I think the situation gentleman yield? minutes. would have been the same, because Mr. KILDAY. I yield to the gentle­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to everybody knew that the civilian em­ man from Mississippi. the request. of the gentleman from ployees got a comparable increase. It Mr. WHITTEN. I wanted to raise Georgia? is most difficult to explain to a member this question, and I know there is no There was no objection. of the military why he is not getting a more sincere or able Member of the Con­ Mr. COX. If the gentleman will yield, cost-of-living increase when his wife and gress than the gentleman from Texas. there are those who are quarreling with children are at home subject to the same I was one of seven who voted against the gentleman's committee for approach­ high cost of living as the civilian em­ the Federal pay raise, and as the gen­ ing the consideration of this question in ployee and his family. tleman knows for some time it has been the manner that is being followed. In Mr. SADLAK. Mr. Speaker, will· the my thought that what we did, when the opinion of the gentleman, would it gentleman yield? we granted the 10 percent pay increase not have been better to have considered Mr. KILDAY. I yield. throughout without increasing the work­ this question under a rule that would Mr. SADLAK. I am a little confused week or production, was in effect grant­ have made the offering of amendments with reference to section 2 because I ing only a 10 percent increase in infla­ possible? thought the intent of the bill was to pro­ tion. Of course, with the increase going Mr. KILDAY. I do not know. We vide for an increase in salaries for all to labor under acceleration clauses in could all have our own opinions on that, active personnel. their contracts, and as they have gone to I suppose. The rules provide for sus­ Mr. KILDAY. Does the gentleman re­ the Federal employees, I do not see any pensions. The majority leader the other fer to the retired feature? substantial way that anyone could op­ day asked unanimous consent than Mr. SADLAK. Yes. Section 2 then, pose the same thing for the people in the it be in order to call up this bill tomor­ as I read it, also would apply to those on military service. However, I believed row under a suspension. I think the inactive duty, to those who are drawing we were really doing nothing in raising time element involved is very important. retired pay and their compensation now the pay of Federal employees. We de­ With reference to these amendments, will automatically be increased by 10 preciate the purchasing power of what when we got this bill my subcommittee percent? they already make more than the in­ was hit by either 12 or 15 groups of in­ Mr. KILDAY. Yes. May I say to the crease will buy. Then half the increase dividuals who wanted, in this bill, to re­ gentleman that historically that is in will come from the depreciation of re­ adjust what they regarded as inequitie~ every pay bill that we have ever had. tirement and insurance savings: flowing either from the Career Compen­ The retired military personnel have been Are we really curing anything? Are sation Act or some decisions and con­ included. May I also point out to the we not just having in effect, not in this structions made under it. We very gentleman th~t this is my fourth pay bill . . bill, but in the over-all, a 10 percent in­ promptly came to the conclusion that I served on the subcommittee dealing crease in inflation? I am very sincere this bill is justified on the one ground with the Pay Readjustment Act of 1942, about this. More money will just buy only, a cost-of-living increase, and that the Red Apple bill of 1946, the Career less. if we were to give the cost-of-living in­ Compensation Act of 1949, and now the Mr. KILDAY. If the gentleman from crease for the members of the armed bill that we are discussing. Historically, . Mississippi should vote against this bill services we would have to take it straight the retired man has received that ad­ he would be totally consirtent, having out as a cost-of-living increase, and not vantage because he is still a member of voted against the others. attempt to adjust compensation, in­ the uniformed forces. He is still a mem­ Mr. WHITTEN. I differ with the gen- equities and other technicalities in­ ber. His status is that of retired person­ . tleman in this way: With the increase volved in the Career Compensation Act. nel rather than active duty. He is sub­ in the labor contracts, I think the Fed­ Mr. COX. ·I am prepared -to accept ject to recall at any time. Many of them eral employees should also get an in­ the gentleman as being.one of the sound­ were recalled during World War II. crease. In other words, if we have set est and best-informed figures on mili­ Many enlisted men were recalled. There out on the road toward inflation with tary affairs who belong to this body. are 152,000 of these retired people, most­ another round we will have to try to What I am anxious to know is this: Is ly enlisted men. Their retired pay is give such to all segments but I voted the increased pay which this bill pro­ relatively small. They are the fellows against starting it-for I believe it helps poses out of line with the increased pay who are feeling the full impact of the in­ no one but actually hurts. of civilian workers in private industry crease in the cost of living. The proud­ Mr. KILDAY. I take the position that and in the Government for the past sev­ est boast of an old soldier after he has we have reached that stage now, through eral years? retired is that he is still a soldier. the action that we took here last fall Mr. KILDAY. I believe it to be totally Mr. SADLAK. He never dies? with reference to postal emp.oyees and in line. The action we took with refer­ Mr. KILDAY. That is right. civil service employees. We took- that ence to the civilian employees of the Mr. SADLAK. He just fades away. in practically every instance without a Government, including the postal em­ The SPEAKER. ·The time of the gen- roll call, the gentleman recalls, and it ployees, the policies of the Wage Sta­ tleman from Texas has expired. went through here with practically no bilization Board, and our general infor­ Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I ask opposition. I think the gentleman said mation and the testimony of Mr. Whit­ unanimous consent that the gentleman he was one of the seven who voted ing, one of the most important business from Texas may proceed for five addi..; against it. and industrial men in the country, is tional minutes. Mr. WHITTEN. There was a roll call, the pattern generally of industry. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to however. Mr. COX. Let me make this brief the request of the gentleman from Mis­ Mr. KILDAY. There was? observation. I do not want to permit sissippi? Mr. WHITTEN. On the conference my prejudice against extravagant spend­ There was no objection. report. ing to lead me into error, but there are Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. KILDAY. Perhaps so. But that those of us who have the feeling that gentleman yield? is the situation in which we find our­ our military people are paid pretty well Mr. KILDAY. I yield. selves. The cost of living for these fam­ already. However, as it impresses me, Mr. COLMER. Apropos of the collo­ ilies has gone up just as much as for this is the danger in turning down the quy between the gentleman from Georgia anyone else. proposal the gentleman's committee has [Mr. Cox] and the gentleman from ' Mr. WHITTEN. I agree with the gen­ offered: I fear to vote down the gentle­ Texas who is now addressing us, there tleman. I merely question whether we man's amendment would have a bad psy­ are many of us; if I am any judge of the are really doing anything for any of chological effect in other parts of the temper of this House, who feel they want 154 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 14 to go along with the main provisions of but certain things could be brought up SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED this bill. who feel that no price is too which are so highly technical that proper Mr. CANFIELD asked and was gi" '"'1 great to pay to those who def end this consideration cannot be given to them permission to address the House for 10 country. but who on the other hand feel in fioor debate. The gentleman well minutes today, following any other spe­ there are some provisions of this bill that knows that we cannot write a bill of that cial orders heretofore entered. could well be taken out considering the type on the fioor of the House in all fact that it would cost $850 million ap­ instances. The point is that this is a. proximately this year and next year pos­ straight-out 10 percent cost-of-living The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ sibly a billion dollars. increase. They are either entitled to a der of the House the gentleman from Mr. KILDAY. It would cost $350,- 10 percent cost-of-living increase or Illinois [Mr. VAIL] is recognized for 30 000 ,000 this year without the retroactive they are not entitled to a 10 percent minutes. feature. cost-of-living increase. So the simple Mr. COLMER. And the cost would in­ issue is whether it should pass or whether MALICIOUS NEW SPAPER CRITICISM crease next year, and increase the year it should not pass. Mr. VAIL. Mr. Speaker, on January after that because the chances are that There are many other things that 2, 1952, the Chicago Sun-Times, aptly we are going to be in this thing a long need to be done. Those of us who described by Westbrook Pegler as Mar­ time. The gentleman knows, I am sure, worked so hard on the Career Compen­ shall Field's "thing," made a vicious, that the calendar for legislative business sation Act are highly disappointed at scurrilous, unwarranted, and untrue ecH­ this week calls for the consideration of some of the decisions made by the torial attack upon the gentleman from only one bill, and that is the bill that is Comptroller General and the Judge Ad­ Illinois, Representative VELDE, and my­ now under discussion. Moreover, so far vocate General. We want those things self. at the same time heaping praise as we now know there is nothing now readjusted in accordance with what our upon an individual and an organization scheduled for the consideration of the intention was at the time. Those with notorious pro-Communist records. House next week. It is proposed that things are all germane to this bill. If I recognize and champion the right of we should dispose of the bill allowing you are going to grant an increase you the press to criticize Members of Con­ 20 minutes to the side, with no amend­ have to do it now. If you are not going gress, when criticism is fairly premised ments permitted and the debate in effect to do it, you have to say so now, so that and presented, but this instance of the limited to the members of the committee these boys, who are scattered all over guttersniping and name calling practice and then do nothing the rest of the week. the world, will know they are either of this CIO Guild-directed monstrosity. On a bill of such great import as this. going to get it or they are not. If they which is regarded with contempt by de­ some of us feel while we do not want to are not going to get it, then let them cent Chicagoans, I cannot permit to pass be put in a position of voting against the quit looking forward to receiving it. unchallenged. consideration of the measure, we do feel Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, will the The editorial was predicated upon the that orderly procedure would justify that gentleman yield just for a correction? action of an organization called the we do so in order that opportunity may Of course, we did not pass these other American Association for the Advance­ be had for debate, and also an oppor­ pay raises under suspension of the rules. ment of Science in selecting Dr. Edward tunity be afforded to offer amendments Mr. KILDAY. We might just as well U. Condon, former Director of the Na­ to the bill. have done so. tional Bureau of Standards, as its presi­ Mr. KILDAY. I appreciate the fact Mr. COLMER. That is all I am ask­ dent and bitterly berated the gentleman that the gentleman does not want to be ing now, that we have an opportunity from Illinois [Mr. VELDE] and myself for put in a position of voting against the to consider the legislation under an open forcing Condon out of public service. consideration of the bill. I can also see rule, as other major legislation is con­ The simple truth is that Condon chose that the gentleman might be put in the sidered with the right to debate and to resign rather than face a Loyalty position of voting on some things which amend. Board inquiry under consideration by might be presented in the form of an Secretary of Commerce Sawyer. Cer­ Mr. KILDAY. This is thoroughly in tainly, we forced the issue, "Qut Condon's amendment, which I, for my part, would accordance with the rules. The House not want to vote on. Suppose an amend­ decision to quit under fire closed off the did it by unanimous consent. Any one contemplated inquiry. His documented ment was offered to make the bill retro­ Member could have prevented this bill active. That would mean a cost of record, outlined by me to the House dur­ $68,000,000 a month. Do you think that being taken up tomorrow. ing the Eightieth Congress and again might pass? Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Speaker, will the during the Eighty-second, is :flagrantly Mr. COLMER. Then I think the gentleman yield? pro-Soviet and I am confident that had House could pass on that question. Per­ Mr. KILDAY. I yield to the gentle­ the hearing been held. it would have dis­ sonally, I do not feel that I would want man from Illinois. closed a culpability rivaling that of Alger to go along with that because I recognize Mr. VURSELL. The gentleman Hiss, whose activities I aided to bring to that while these boys are fighting and stresses the fact that this is an increase public notice. It is significant that Con­ dying over there for our country, there is in cost-of-living pay raise, and cites don never denied the truth of the damn­ some rather elaborate increases that ing evidence I presented, in demanding also a danger that we may be playing his removal by the President from ms into the hands of the enemy by destroy- . have been given to civilian employees. vital post as Director of the National ing the economy of our country and let­ Some of us voted on the record against Bureau of Standards, a highly important ting them take over the country without those, including myself, and we disagreed governmental agency charged with the a war. In fact I have repeatedly pointed with the raise for civilian employees, but conduct of research into atomic energy, out on this floor and elsewhere that in is this completely analogous to the in­ jet propulsion, the guided missile, and my judgment that is the real objective crease for civilian employees? Is it, in other ultramodern weapons of war. A of the Kremlin masters. fact. a cost-of-living raise? My ques­ post of such tremendous responsibility, Mr. KILDAY. Mr. Speaker, I decline tion is, Is it not a fact that the Gov­ involving a broad knowledge of our secret to yield further. I think we might have ernment is paying the cost of living for defense equipment should never have well thought of that weakening influence all of the people in the military, with been entrusted to a proven security risk on the Nation when we were dealing with the exception of the dependents, and and America may yet pay tragic penalty the civil service and postal employees. would it not be a simple matter to in­ for the failure of the President to act But, the Congress went through that crease the dependency allowances and upon my plea. pretty rapidly and gave it to them. Now then you would have it in line with a. Additional and shocking material in­ gentlemen are going to become very cost-of-living increase? volving Condon has been unearthed and is now in the possession of a congres­ much worried about the condition of the Mr. KILDAY. The gentleman is mis­ sional committee-material that will country when we consider the people taken. No officer is subsisted by the serve, when released, to remove the last who are dying and fighting for our coun­ Government. Officers have to buy their vestige of doubt concerning him and will try. I want to point out to the gentle­ own food, their own uniforms, and thoroughly demoralize and confound his man that I am in favor of consideration everything else. defenders. of legislation under an open rule. This The SPEAKER. The time of the Now, for the information of the Sun­ bill is very simple in what it does here, gentleman from Texas has again expired. .Times, the Chicago counterpart of the 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 155 Daily Worker, let me shed light upon the ney General Biddle cited the American of def ending civil liberties .in general but record of the retiring president of the League for Peace and Democracy "as es­ actually intended to protect Communist so-called American Association for the tablished in the United States in 1937 subversion from any penalties under the Advancement of Science, Dr. Kirtley F. as successor to the American League law." · Mather, who is currently chairman of Against War and Fascism" in an effort Kirtley F. Mather signed an open let­ the executive· committee of the associa­ to create public sentiment on behalf of ter to the American people which was tion, and who undoubtedly was influen­ a foreign policy adapted to the interests sponsored by the National Council of tial in Condon's selection: of the Soviet Union, the American American-Soviet Friendship, Inc.-New In 1940, Kirtley F. Mather signed a League for Peace and Democracy was York Times, May 18, 1943, page l 7C. protest to President Roosevelt, against designed to conceal Communist control, He signed the organization's open letter an attack on the right of the Commu­ in accordance with the new tactics of the to the mayor of Stalingrad-Soviet Rus- . nist Party to use the ballot-Daily Work­ Communist · International - CONGRES­ sia Today for June 1943, page 21; he er, July 23, 1940, page 1, column 6; he SIONAL RECORD, volume 88, part 6, pages signed the organization's statement in signed a statement in 1947 against the 7442 and 7443. The special committee praise of Wallace's open letter to Stalin ban on the Communist Party-Daily cited the organization as "the largest of in May 1948, and was identified as a Worker, March 24, 1947, page 2; he "de­ the Communist-front movements in the professor at Harvard-pamphlet en­ nounced the trend toward disciplinary United States. The league contends titled "How to End the Cold War and action against lawyers who defend 'po­ publicly that it is not a Communist-front Build the Peace," page 9. Identified as litical minorities, racial minorities, and movement, yet at the very beginning, a professor at Harvard University, labor organizations,' " in defending t!le Communists dominated it. Earl Brow­ Kirtley F. Mather was one of the 297 5 lawyers who were counsel for the 11 der was its vice president." Americans who signed a statement pro­ Communist leaders recently convicted­ From a printed program of a Congress testing Twentieth Century Fox's The Daily Worker, February 1, 1950, page 3. on Civil Rights, April 13, 1946, we find Iron Curtain, which statement was re­ The Daily Worker reported on February that Dr. Kirtley F. Mather, Cambridge, leased by the National Council-Daily 19, 1951-page 2-that "on the eve of the Mass., was a member of the Initiating People's World, May 20, 1948, page 5. opening of trials of some 17 men and Committee. He has also signed a pub­ He also signed the organization's state­ women indicted for contempt of Con­ lic statement of the organization in de­ ment calling for a conference with the gress, more than 200 outstanding profes­ fense of Gerhart Eisler-Daily Worker, Soviet Union-Daily Worker, June 21, sors and clergymen have addressed a February 28, 1947, page 2. 1948, page 3. In 1945, he was an exec­ petition to United States Attorney Gen­ Attorney General Clark cited the Civil utive committee members of the science eral J. Howard McGrath, urging him to Rights Congress as subversive and Com­ committee of the council-from a re­ 'withdraw contempt proceedings'." The munist-press releases of December 4, port of the director to the members of name of Prof. Kirtley F. Mather, Harvard 1947, and September 21, 1948; the Com­ the NCASF dated March 7, 1945. He University, appeared among the list of mittee on Un-American Activities, in its was one of the sponsors of the council, persons who signed the statement. report No. 1115 of September 2, 1947- as was shown on the Call to the Con­ Prof. Kirtley F. Mather was a member pages 2 and 19-cited the Civil Rights gress of American-Soviet Friendship, of the New England committee of the Congress as "dedicated not to the broader November 6 to ·8, 1943-page 4; letter­ United States Congress Against War, ac­ issues of civil liberties, but specifically to heads dated December 15, 1943, and cording to a letterhead of that congress the defense of · individual Communists March 13, 1946; and a memorandum dated October 31, 1933. ·He endorsed the and the Communist Party" and "con­ issued by the council on March 18, 1946. Congress of the American League for trolled by individuals who are either The National Council of American­ Peace and Democracy as shown on the members of the Communist Party or Soviet Friendship was cited as subversive summons to the congress, and was iden­ openly loyal to it." and Communist by Attorney General tified in this source as being affiliated A news release of the National Federa­ Clark-press releases of December 4, with Harvard University. tion for Constitutional Liberties, dated 1947, and September 21, 1948; the spe­ Attorney General Francis Biddle cited December 26, 1941, was signed by Kirtley cial committee cited the council as "the the United States Congress Against F. Mather; according to the booklet, Six­ Communist Party's principal front for all War-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume 88, hundred Prominent Americans-page things Russian"_:Report 1311 of March part 6, pages 7442 and 7443-as follows: 25-he signed an open letter of the or­ 29, 1944, page 156. Attention is directed The American League Against War and ganization. A leaflet, attached to an un­ to the fact that Condon was a member Fascism was formally organized at the First dated letterhead of the National Federa­ of the board of the Pittsburgh Council of United States Congress Against War and tion, reveals that he also signed the Jan­ American-Soviet Friendship and active in Fascism held in New York City, September uary 1943 message to the House of Rep­ 29 to October 1, 1933. • • • The pro­ solicitation of memberships in the Amer­ gram of the first congress called for the end resentatives, sponsored by the organiza­ ican-Soviet Science Society. of the Roosevelt policies of imperialism and tion. A letterhead of the American Commit­ for the support of the peace policies of the Attorney General Clark cited the Na­ tee for Protection of Foreign Born, dated Soviet Union, for opposition to all attempts tional Federation as subversive and Com­ June 11, 1940, a program of the organ­ to weaken the Soviet Union. • • • Sub­ munist-press releases of December 4, ization's Fifth National Conference, sequent congresses in 1934 and 1936 reflected 1947, and September 21, 1948; Attorney the same program. · March 29-30, 1941, and a letterhead General Biddle cited the National Fed­ dated September 11, 1941, name Kirtley The Special Committee on Un-Ameri­ eration as "part of what Lenin called the F. Mather as one of the sponsors of the can Activities, in its report dated March solar system of organizations, ostensibly American Committee. The organiza­ 29, 1944-page 119-cited the United having no connection with the Commu­ tion's booklet entitled "The Registration States Congress Against War as "con­ nist Party, by which Communists at­ of Aliens," reveals the name of Dr. Math­ vened in St. Nicholas Arena, New York tempt to create sympathizers and sup­ er in the list of sponsors; a leaflet, Sixth City, on September 29, 1933, it was com­ porters of their program. It was estab­ National Conference, Cleveland, Ohio, pletely under the control of the Commu­ lished as a result of a conference on May 9 and 10, 1942-page 4-lists Pro­ nist Party. Earl Browder was a leading constitutional liberties held in Washing­ fessor Mather, of Harvard University, as figure in all its deliberations. In his 're­ ton, D. C .. June 7 to 9, 1940. a sponsor of the conference which was port to the Communist International, "The defenses of Communist leaders arranged by the American Committee. Browder stated: 'The Congress from the such as Sam Darcy and Robert Wood, He is named as a sponsor of the Ameri­ beginning was led by our party quite secretaries for Pennsylvania and Okla­ can Committee on its letterhead of De­ openly'." homa, have been major efforts of the cember 11 and 12, 1948, a letterhead Attorney General Tom Clark cited the federation"-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,. dated 1950, and a letterhead of the Mid­ American League for Peace and De­ volume 88, part 6, page 7447. The west Committee for Protection of For­ mocracy as subversive and Communist in Committee on Un-American Activities, eign Born dated April 30, 1951. He signed letters furnished the Loyalty Review in its report of September 2, 1947-page a statement of the American Committee Board and released to the press June 1 3-cited the National Federation as against denaturalization, as was shown and September 21, 1948, by the United among a "maze of organizations" which in the Daily Worker of August 10, 1950- States Civil Service Commission. Attor- were "spawned for the alleged purpose page 5. 156 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD= HOUSE January 14: The American Committee for Protec­ American Friends of Spanish Democ­ sponsored by the Citizens' Committee to tion of Foreign Born was cited as sub­ racy was cited as a Communist-front Free Earl Browder-Daily Worker March versive and Communist by Attorney Gen­ organization by the Special Committee 19, 1942, pages 1 and 2'. He signed an eral Clark-press releases of June 1 and on Un-American Activities in its report open letter to Secretary of State Hull Septemb~r 21, 1948; the special commit­ dated March 29, 1944-page 82. The and the Pan-American Conference, tee cited the organization as "one of the special committee cited the American sponsored by the League of American oldest auxiliaries of the Communist Relief Ship for Spain as ''one of the sev­ Writers-Daily Worker July 31, 1940, Party in the Uruted States"-report 1311 eral Communist Party front enterprises page 7. He has signed statements at­ of March 29, 1944. which raised funds for Loyalist Spain, or tacking the Mundt-Nixon anti-Commu­ A letterhead of the Council of United rather raised funds for the Communist nist bill-Daily Worker May 4, 1948, page States Veterans, Inc., dated December 30. end of that civil war." Attorney General 11; May 24, 1948, page 2; he signed a . 1938, reveals that Kirtley F. Mather was, Clark cited the National Committee To statement against the Mundt anti-Com­ at that time, a member of the advisory Win the Peace as subversive and Com­ munist bill, as was shown in the Daily board of the council. He also signed a munist--press releases of December 4, Worker of May 24, 1948, page 2. resolution of the organization, as shown 1947, and September 21, 1948. The Jefferson School was cited by At­ in the Daily Worker of January 13, A letterhead of the Joint Anti-Fascist torney General Clark as an adjunct of 1939-page 4. Refugee Committee dated August 2, 1944, the Communist Party-press release of The Special Committee on Un-Ameri­ lists the name of Prof. Kirtley Mather December 4, 1947; the special_committee can Activities, in its report dated March as a national sponsor; he was identified cited the school as follows: "At the be­ 29, 1944-page 83-cited the Council of in this source as being with Harvard ginning of the present year, the old Com­ United States Veterans as a Communist­ University. A letterhead of the Spanish munist Party Workers School and the front organization. Refugee Appeal of the Joint Anti-Fascist School for Democracy were merged into Dr. Kirtley F. Mather, identified as Refugee Committee, dated February Z6, the Jefferson School of Social Science"­ being from Harvard University, protest­ 1946, lists Professor Mather as one of report of March 29, 1944, page 150; in ed the ban on the American Student the national sponsors of the organiza­ the same report, the Reichstag Fire Trial Union, as shown in the Daily Worker of tion; a letterhead and mimeographed Anniversary Committee was cited as a February 15, 1939-page 3. He endorsed letter of the group, dated April 28, 1949, communist-front organization. New the drive of Friends of Abraham Lincoln lists Professor Mather as a sponsor of Masses was cited as a Communist pe­ Brigade to bring the wounded boys home, that organization and one who signed riodical by Attorney General Francis as shown in a circular entitled "And Tell an open letter to President Truman on Biddle-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume the Folks That I'll Be Home If-." He Franco Spain. 88, part 6, page 7448; the special com­ was one of the sponsors of the disabled Attorney General Clark cited thz Joint mittee-in report of March 29, 1944- veterans' fund of that organization­ Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee as sub­ cited New Masses as a "nationally cir­ Daily Worker, March 22, 1939, page 5; versive and Communist--press releases culated weekly journal of the Commu­ he signed a letter of the organization, of December 4, 1947 and September 21, nist Party whose ownership was vested addressed to President Roosevelt and 1948; the special committee cited the or­ in the American Fund for Public Attorney General Jackson, protesting at­ ganization as a Communist-front or­ Service." tacks against the Veterans of Abraham ganization headed by Edward K. Bar­ The Citizens' Committee to Free Earl Lincoln Brigade-Daily Worker, Febru­ sky-report 1311 of March 29, 1944, page Browder was cited by Attorney General ary 21, 1940. He endorsed an appeal of 174. Clark as a Communist organization­ the American Friends of Spanish De­ Soviet Russia Today for February press release of April 27, 1949; Attorney mocracy to lift the Spanish embargo­ 1943-page 34-revealed that Professor General Biddle had cited the organiza­ Daily Worker, June 10, 1938, page 2. He Mather was one of the sponsors of the tion as Communist--CoNGRESSIONAL REC­ was one of the sponsors of the American Soviet Russia Today diner celebrating ORD, volume 88, part 6, page 7447; the Relief Ship for Spain, as shown on a let­ the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Red special committee, in its report of March terhead of that organization, September Army. In an official folder of the Amer­ 29, 1944, cited the Citizens' Committee .a. 1938. ican Council on Soviet Relations, Kirtley as a Communist-front organization; At­ Dr. Mather was one of the sponsors of F. Mather, of Harvard University, is torney General Clark cited the League of the Win-the-Peace Conference which shown as one of those who signed an American Writers as subversive and was held in Washington, D. C., April 5-7, open letter to the President of the United Communist--press releases of June 1 and 1946, at which conference the National States, Urging a declaration of war on September 21, 1948; Attorney General Committee to Win the Peace was Finland. The letter was prepared under Biddle cited the league as having been formed-a Call to a Win-the-Peace the auspices of the American Council. "founded under Communist auspices in Conference, National Press Building, Soviet Russia Today was cited as a 1935 • * * in 1939 began openly to Washington, D. C., April 5-7, 1946; the Communist-front periodical by the spe­ follow the Communist Party line as Daily Worker of March 5, 1946; a letter­ cial committee in its report of March 29, dictated by the foreign policy of the head dated February 28, 1946. 1944-page 167. Attorney General Clark Soviet Union"-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, The special committee, in-its report of cited the American Council as subversive volume 88, part 6, page 7445; the special January 3, 1939-page SO-cited the and Communist--press releases of June committee cited the league as a Com­ American Student Union as a Commu­ 1 and September 21, 1948. Attorney munist-front organization-report dated nist front which was "the result of a General Biddle cited the organization January 3, 1940, page 9. united front gathering of young Social­ as a Communist-front group-CoNGRES­ In the Call to a Dinner Forum which ists and Communists" in 1937. In its SIONAL RECORD, volume 88, part 6, page was sponsored by the publication, Prot­ report of March 29, 1944-page 82.:_the 7447; the special committee also cited estant Digest, Kirtley F. Mather was special committee cited Friends of the the group as a Communist front--report listed as one of the sponsors of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade and the Vet­ of March 29, 1944, page 174. Protestantism Answers Hate dinner­ erans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade The Daily Worker of April 26, 1948- forum which was held in New York City as follows: page 11-and a letter dated April 7, 1948, on February 25, 1941; in 1939, Professor In 1937-38 the Communist Party threw it­ named Kirtley F. Mather, of Harvard, Mather sponsored the summer milk self wholeheartedly into the campaign for as one of those who signed a letter de- drive of the International Labor De­ the support of the Spanish Loyalist cause, f ending the Jefferson School of Social fense-Equal Justice of June 1939, page recruiting men and organizing multifarious Science; he signed a declaration of the 7; he sent greetings to the third bien­ so-called relief organizations. Reichstag Fire Trial Anniversary Com­ nial national conference of the same Among these was the Friends of Abra­ mittee, honoring Georgi Dimitrov, form­ organization, as shown in the program ham Lincoln Brigade and Veterans of er head of the Communist Interna- · of the conference. the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Attorney tional-New York Times of December ' The special committee cited the Prot­ General Clark cited the last-named or.. 22, 1943, page 40. He signed the New '' estant Digest as a magazine which has ganization as subversive and Commu­ Masses letter to the President-New faithfully propagated the Communist nist-press releases of December 4, 1947, Masses of ADril 2, 1940, page 21; he Party line under the guise of being a re­ and September 21, 1948. signed a letter to President Roosevelt, ligious journal-report of March 29, 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 157 1944, page 48; Attorney General Clark Arts, Sciences, and Professions-held in would find no candidate more eminently cited the International Labor Defense New York City, March 25-27, 1949, cited qualified than Condon to succeed him. as subversive and Communist-press re­ the national council as a Communist­ What manner of organization is this as­ leases of June 1 and September 21, 1948; front organization. The special com­ sociation and what sort of people com­ Attorney General Biddle cited the ILD mittee cited the American Congress for prise its membership who elect such as the legal arm of the Communist Peace and Democracy as a Communist­ characters as their leaders, and what is Party-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, volume front organization-report of March 29, the real objective of the organization? 88, part 6, page 7446; it was cited as the 1944; in the special committee's reports In the light of the facts related, I com­ legal defense arm of the Communist of June 25, 1942, and March 29, 1944, mend the outfit to the attention of the Party by the special committee in report cited the American Committee for De­ FBI and the Committee on Un-American of January 3, 1939-pages 75-78; and as mocracy and Intellectual Freedom as a Activities. part of an international network of or­ Communist-front organization. This, then, is the organization upon ganizations for the defense of Commu­ Dr. Mather was one of the sponsors of which the Sun-Times lavished its praise, nist lawbreakers-Committee on Un­ a testimonial dinner given by the Amer­ describing its membership as the Na­ American Activities in a report dated ican Slav Congress in New York City, tion's leading men of science. The Sun­ September 2, 1947, pages 1 and 2. October 12, 1947'-invitation issued by Times is blatantly free with its perverted Letterheads of the Committee for a the Congress, page 2; he sponsored the opinions, its inborn antagonism to all Democratic Far Eastern Policy dated Salute to Young America, which was the things American motivating its edi­ 1946-47; July :1, 1947; and May 28, 1948, celebration of the first anniversary of torials and shading its news, and its contain the name of Prof. Kirtley F. the American Youth for Democracy, Oc­ moronic management will probably find Mather in the list of sponsors of that or­ tober 16, 1944-as shown on the pro­ no more embarrassment at the exposure ganization; in the call to a national con­ gram. Attorney General Clark cited the of its attempt to smear and belittle ference on American policy in China and American Slav Congress as subversive Members of Congress intent upon exe­ the Far East-January 23-25, 1948, New and Communist in letters furnished the cuting their obligation to their country York City-as well as in the Daily Work­ civil service committee-press releases of than it has apparently felt on other oc­ er of January 1, 1948-page 3-Dr. Math­ June 1 and September 21, 1948. The casions when they defended subversives er was named as one of the sponsors of Committee on Un-American Activities subsequently convicted and sentenced in that conference. He was one of the na­ released a report on the American Slav Federal courts. tional sponsors of the medical-aid divi­ Congress on April 26, 1950, in which the The Sun-Times took a similar attitude sion of the Spanish Refugee Relief Cam­ group was cited as a Moscow-inspired during the Hiss hearings, the Hollywood paign-letterhead from New Haven, and directed federation of Communist­ screen writers hearings, and hearings on Conn., division dated November 16, 1939. dominated organizations seeking by the Mundt-Nixon bill, on all of which The Committee for a Democratic Far methods of propaganda and pressure to I sat, ridiculing the committee member­ Eastern Policy was cited by Attorney subvert the 10,000,000 people in this ship and holding them up to public scorn General Clark as a Communist organi­ country of Slavic birth or descent. and derision. That events proved it zation-press release of April 27, 1949; Attorney General Clark cited the wrong and the committee right has ob­ Attorney General Clark also cited the American Youth for Democracy as sub­ viously taught it nothing. National Conference on American Pol­ versive and Communist in letters fur­ On January 8, the Chicago Sun-Times icy in China and the Far East as Com­ nished the Loyalty Review Board-press printed an editorial defense of the at­ munist and as "a conference called by releases of December 4, 1947, and Sep­ testation of Governor Stevenson to the the Committee for a Democratic Far tember 21, 1948; the special committee good character of Alger Hiss, submitted Eastern Policy" in a letter furnished the cited the organization as a Communist by the defense at the Hiss trial. Steven­ Loyalty Review Board-press release of front in report of March 29, 1944; the son followed the standard State Depart­ July 25, 1949; the special committee cit­ Committee on Un-American Activities, ment policy of hear nothing, see noth­ ed the Spanish Refugee Relief Campaign in its report of April 17, 1947, cited the ing, say nothing concerning subversives as a Communist-front organization­ American Youth for Democracy as fol­ in the Department, hence his commen­ report of January 3, 1940, page 9. lows: "Its high-sounding slogans" cover dation was routine practice as to the Dr. Mather spoke at the rally on aca­ "a determined effort to disaffect our Hiss reputation during his State Depart­ demic freedom which was held by the youth and to turn them against religion, ment tenure. If we are to accept the National council of the Arts, Sciences, and college authorities, and against the Sun-Times' slanted version, we must and Professions, in defense of dismissed American Government itself." believe that Stevenson was the only teachers-New York Star of October 8, The Daily Worker of December 27, State Department employee unaware of 1948, page 10-an advertisement; he 1950-page 9-reported that Professor the reports of Adolph Berle, Assistant signed the council's protest against the Mather sponsored a committee organ­ Secretary of State, and Ray Murphy, dismissal of Communist teachers, as was ized to repeal the McCarran Act; he State Department security officer, con­ shown in an advertisement that ap­ signed a statement in 1950, asking 'parole taining the Chambers charges against peared in Nation magazine for February for the Hollywood cases-Daily Worker, Hiss. Stevenson entered the State De­ 9, 1949-page 215; he spoke before the December 22, 1950, page 3. partment February 27, 1945, as special national council, as was reported in the In Samuel Sillen's article, Behind the assistant to Assistant Secretary of State Daily Worker on May 1, 1950-page 2; a Ivy Curtain, which appeared in Masses Archibald MacLeish. He was subse­ letterhead dated January 6-8, 1939, and Mainstream for March 1949, page 8, transferred to the Preparatory Commis­ shows that Dr. Mather endorsed the Dr. Mather of Harvard is quoted as hav­ sion to the United Nations as Deputy American Congress for Peace and De­ ing warned that "the pattern of attack to Secretary of State Edward Stettinius, mocracy. Dr. Mather signed a petition is ominously reminiscent of the tech­ where he became associated with Hiss of the American Committee for Democ­ niques used by Hitler in the first years of who was prominently identified with the racy and Intellectual Freedom, as shown his Nazi regime in ill-fated Germany. Commission. Under the circumstances on a mimeographed sheet attached to a Even though the onslaught against aca­ it is inconceivable that he lacked knowl­ letterhead of January 17, 1940; he signed demic freedom is made in the name of edge of Chambers' sworn allegations an appeal of the same committee on be­ Americanism and beneath the banner with respect to Hiss. However, lest the half of anti-Fascist refugees trapped in of democracy, the consequences are ut­ public be confused by the passage of time France-Daily Worker, July 22, 1940, terly antagonistic to the basic princi­ or the Sun-Times editorial, let me point page 1; this last information was also re­ ples of our national life." out that at the time Stevenson's char.. vealed in the Daily Worker of July 22, There you have the red record of Con­ acter reference·was submitted for what­ 1940, page 1; this last information was don's predecessor as president of the ever influence it might exert upon the also revealed in the Daily Worker of July American. Association for the Advance­ Hiss jury, he was fully aware as was the 25, 1940-page 2, column 3. ment of Science. They could have entire reading public, of the findings of The Committee on Un-American Ac­ searched the country over, screened po­ the Committee on Un-American Activi .. tivities, in its review of the scientific and tenials through the finest mesh, but out­ ties, which were damning and widely cultural conference for world peace-ar­ side of our Federal prisons, that contain publicized, and most certainly known to ranged by the National Council of the Hiss, Greenglass, and Harry Gold, they Stevenson. In the light of their nature, 158 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 14 the good character attestation of duction next year of 16,000,000 bales nor On October 29 you addressed the annual Stevenson cannot be condoned by patri­ assure the producers a fair return for the agricultural outlook: conference. You dis­ otic Americans, yet it is def ended by the risks and costs you are asking -them to cussed the· 1952 outlook and needs, and here assume. are your words, Mr. Secretary: Sun-Times, the worst blot on the fair I believe the production of 16,000,000 bales "You all realize that farm returns must name of Chicago since the White Sox of short-staple cotton next year is just as be reasonably attractive if farmers are to bribery scandal. essential to the national welfare and our be asked to assume the risks and costs in- So much for the present. I have ac­ national security as is the production of the volved in full production schedules. * cepted the Sun-Times' challenge to 75,000 bales of long-staple cotton you have The farmer's contribution toward the de­ patriotism and conscientious public serv­ requested. I know you do not want to be fense effort must not be forgotten when we ice. I do not expect retraction, based unfair to any farmer, but I fear that the begin to talk about farm income and the majority of cotton growers will feel they status of the farm people." upon the foregoing, but on the contrary, are the victims of rank discrimination­ I These are your words, Mr. Secretary. Is anticipate reprisal for my forthright wholly without justification on the basis of it suggesting too much to ask that you give treatment of its editorial. I suggest. staple length. They a.re entirely willing to the cotton growers a chance, a hearing to however, that its management would be be soldiers of the plow out in the sun in the tell you the risks and costs they must assume decidedly imprudent to overlook the cotton fields, but they look to their com­ next year in trying to produce 16,000,000 principles of decency and fair play in its mander to accord them equal treatment. bales of cotton, to tell you first hand how the comment, if any, since I am not. in the If you will pardon my saying so, it seems costs of production are going up everyday, slightest degree averse to extendmg the to me you have already committed yourself to show that your own department has pre­ on this question. Let's take a look at the exchange initiated by the Sun-Times. dicted an increase in costs next year of from law, and what you have said about your 1952 5 to 10 percent, to show you that there is production goals and your request for 16 rio likelihood of the parity price of cot­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under million bales of cotton next year. ton going up that much, to tell you how Section 402 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 difficult it is going to be to produce 16,000,000 previous order of the House the gentle­ reads as follows: bales next year and how necessary it is that man from Oklahoma [Mr. WICKERSHAM] "Notwithstanding any other provision of you assure a reasonably attractive return? is recognized for 5 Ininutes. this act, price support at a level in excess of Is that asking too much? the maximum level of price support other­ · Is it going too far to remind you of their SHORT-STAPLE COTTON PRICE SUPPORT wise prescribed by this act (90 percent of experience with the 1951 cotton crop? Of parity) may be made available for any Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, I how, through the errors and inadequacy of agricultural commodity if the Secretary de­ your crop-reporting organization an error desire to call your attention· and the at­ termines, after a public hearing of which of 2,000,000 bales was made in the number of tention of Members of the House to a reasonable notice has been given, that price bales produced and how the price dropped very important matter. support at such increased level is necessary to near the support level? Don't let any­ I desire to read and include as a part in order to prevent or alleviate a shortage in one mislead you, Mr. Secretary, what hap­ of my own remarks two letters from our the supply of any agricultural commodity pened to the price when it appeared that esteemed former colleague, Stephen essential to the national welfare or in order the 1951 crop was over 17,000,000 bales has Pace, which express my own thoughts to increase or maintain the production of made a profound impression on the grow­ any agricultural commodity in the interest ers. They now know what will happen to relative to the cotton situatlion. of national security." them next year if their efforts to be sure I have conferred with the Secretary of In simple language this section says that to meet your goal, or if they should have Agriculture and conveyed my thoughts U you determine that cotton is essential to high yields, the crop should exceed 16,- of Mr. Pace and myself, and have urged the national welfare or in the interest of 000,000 bales. Only a very limited number immediate favorable consideration of national security then you may (in fact can safely incur the risks and costs with only the request. should) increase the support price above 90 90 percent of parity protection. percent and to any level necessary ( 1) to Maybe you feel secure because they planted I wish to read Mr. Pace's letters, which prevent or alleviate a shortage in the supply are as follows: 29,000,000 acres last year in response to your of cotton or (2) to increase or maintain the call, and therefore you feel confident they AMERICUS, GA., December 27, 1951. production of cotton. will plant 28,000,000 next year. Plearn be Congressman VICTOR WICKERSHAM, You have already found, determined, de­ careful, Mr. Secretary-the growers have had Mangum, Okla. clared and solemnly announced that the many unhappy experiences this year; they DEAR VICTOR: Herewith copy of my let­ production of 16,000,000 bales of cotton in may be slow to learn sometimes, but they ter of the 19th to Secretary Brannan with 1952 is necessary for the defense of our coun­ never forget. They see the income of other regard to support price on the 1952 cotton try (in the interest of national security) and groups going up and up. They read of crop. I have tried to make out the case essential for civilian requirements (the na­ other defense industries and of how our and hope you will find it in general agree­ tional welfare). Here are the words, on Government guarantees them a price to ment with your own views. pages 54 and 55 of 1952 production goals cover all risks, to cover all costs, and to I am sure it would contribute in good program announced November 29, ·calling for assure a profit. measure if you could join in this effort, 16,000,000 bales of cotton next year: Could it be wrong to treat the fatmers communicate with the Secretary and alert "From the standpoint of national defense, just the same as other groups are treated? the cotton producers to the situation. the present unsettled world conditions ac­ That is all they ask-just equal treat­ Sincerely, centuate the need for increasing our reserve ment-no more, and you should not ask STEPHEN PACE. stocks of cotton to approximately 5,000,000 them to accept less. bales" (p. 54). "The 1952 production goal of 16,000,000 You and I have both said that the parity AMERICUS, GA., December 19, 1951. price is no more than a fair price-fair to Hon. CHARLES F. BRANNAN, bales of cotton reflects the continuing need both producer and consumer. Then Con­ Secretary of Agriculture, for increased production for military, de­ fense, and essential civilian requirements, gress provided, by section 402, that for extra Washington, D. C. effort, for extra costs, for extra risks, in DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I observe publication and for export to friendly countries needing comparatively large quantities of raw cot­ time of need, you could and should go ln the Federal Register of notice of the public above and beyond parity to assure the pro­ hearing you called pursuant to section 402 of ton for this common defense and civilian economies" (p. 55). _ duction required. It was my privilege to the Agricultural Act of 1949, held at Phoenix, sit in on the final House-Senate conference Ariz., on December 14, to determine the re-· No need to remind you that today the com­ when section 402 was studied and agreed to-­ quired level of price support for the 1952 mon defense of such friendly countries is I believe I know what Congress intended. long-stable cotton crop. tied in with and is an important part of our It was intended to apply this section to the I recognize the necessity for such a hear­ own defense. Or to remind you that you, situation we have today-when our national ing and the need for supporting the price of Wilson and the President have all declared security is imperiled, when our country· is long-staple cotton at a level far above 90 .that cotton is second only to steel in our preparing its defenses, when a crop of cotton percent of parity in order to obtain the re­ defense program. above the average is needed, you may and 'quired production. I repeat, you have found, determined and should go above 90 percent of parity and And, Mr. Secretary, you should Immediately publicly declared that we must maintain fix supports at the level that will otier an call a similar hearing to determine the re­ production and prevent a shortage of cotton quired level of price support for the 1952 crop in the interest of both the national welfare incentive that will guarantee the produc­ of 16,000,000 bales of short-staple cotton and national security, and you now need a tion you say we need. which you have announced is urgently public hearing only to find out from the Don't wait--call the hearing now. It is needed. I earnestly beg you to call such a growers what .support price it will take to .not long before planting time will be here. hearing promptly and give the producers an assure the production of 16,000,000 bales of Give the growers themselves a chance to opportunity to prove to you that 90 percent cotton. And ob. that question you have show the problems and difficulties facing of parity support will nether assure the pro- also declared yourself. them. Don't rely too much on some admini- 1952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 159 strative official who assumes to speak for duly punished. I hope that Congress will Corporation of the Fulbright committee, them-without the least authorit y and with­ support the President's reorganization the hearings of the King committee on out full knowledge of the facts. Give your­ self the satisfaction of knowing that, regard­ plan as another big step forward to in­ the administration of income tax laws by less of the final results, you did not f ail in sure honest and competent administra­ the Bureau of Internal Revenue and the providing the incentive to get the production tion of our tax laws. ·Justice Department, various investiga­ we need. Your responsibility will be met, The plan accords generally with the tions by the Hoey committee of the Sen­ and I believe the growers wm then meet philosophy and recommendations of the ate are only a few of the examples of theirs in full measure. Hoover Commission on Government Re­ maladministration which have indicated Sincerely, organization. It simplifies the compli­ widespread disregard of the public trust STEPHEN PACE. cated hot spots of agencies and offices in the present administration. that have grown up in the years in the These conditions have so aroused the Bureau of Internal Revenue. It estab­ anger of the American public that the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under lishes clear lines of authority and re­ President took official notice of them in previous order of the House the gentle­ sponsibility. It makes the field offices of his state of the Union message on Janu .. man from California JMr. HOLIFIELD] is the Bureau more compact, coherent, and ary 9, 1952, in the following words: recognized for 15 minutes. accessible to the taxpayer. In short, the Our kind of government, above all others, It REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. 1, BUREAU plan makes sense. should be empha­ cannot tolerate dishonesty among its public servants. OF INTERNAL REVENUE sized that this plan is not a political gesture. Reorganization Plan No. 1 of Some dishonest people ·worm themselves Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, the 1952 is a serious endeavor to effect a into almost every human organization. It President today sent up to the Congress much-needed reform arising from expert is all the more shocking, however, when they Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1952 for make their way into a Government such as studies over a period of years and crys­ ours, which is based on the principle of jus­ the purpose of making a sweeping re­ tallizing various reforms which have tice for all. Such unwort hy ·public servants organization of the Bureau of Internal been proposed in the structure and op­ must be weeded out. R.evenue. It might be well to set forth era.tion of the Bureau of Internal Rev­ ti.rn principal purposes of this plan be­ enue. Originally, when the pressure of public fore I make a few comments. It should be emphasized that some of opinion became so great that the Presi­ The President's plan has four princi­ the actions embodied in this plan already dent could no longer dismiss these dis­ pal pw·poses: have been put into effect by administra­ closures as "asinine,'' the President an­ (a) to make the Bureau a blue-ribbon tive decision. In the spring of 1950, Re­ nounced his intention to establish a career service in which all positions under organization Plan No. 26 submitted by commission to conduct a thorough the Commissioner will be filled solely in ·the President and approved by the Con­ housecleaning of the ex'ecutive branch of accordance with the civil-service merit sys­ gress, gave the Secretary of the Treas­ the Government. He discussed selecting tem based upon the highest st andards of ury authority to partially reorganize his a man with recognized ability and high competence, int egrity, and loyalt y; public integrity, such as Judge Thomas (b) to provide a continuing and thorough Department, specifically to make im­ day-to-day check on the performance and important changes in administration. Murphy, of New York, to head the clean .. conduct of all Bureau employees by the cre­ Some of the actions of the Bureau have up drive. ation of an inspection service which will or can be taken under that authority. In his press conference on Thursday, function independently of the rest of the Others will depend on the taking effect Jam.'.ary 10, 1952, the President an­ Bureau; of the present reorganization plan. nounced that he had abandoned this ap­ ( c ) to streamline the immense opera­ It will be highly detrimental to the proach. Instead he will rely upon the tions of the Bureau by placing full responsi­ Justice Department under its regular bility for all field activities in a given geo­ welfare of our country if opposition to graphical district under a district commis­ the President's reorganization plan for law enforcement powers to conduct the sioner who will have a clear and direct line the Bureau cf Internal Revenue is en­ investigation and undertake the job of of authority and accountability to the Com­ gendered for partisan political purposes. weeding out dishonest Federal officiali; missioner in Washington; The Bureau needs reorganization; it and employees. (d) to assure improved service and great­ needs reorganization now. I am confi­ In thus "kissing off" a grave situation, er convenience to the t axpayer by m aking it dent that Members of Congress who be­ the President has shown callous con­ possible for him to look to the district com­ lieve in making our Government more tempt for the American people and the missioner or his local representative as the public interest. official in complete charge of all Federal tax efficient will support this worth-while matters in the taxpayer's locality. plan to streamline the Bureau of Inter­ It is apparent to the Congress, to the nal Revenue. press and to the public that the Depart· The President's plan to reorganize the I am particularly interested in this ment of Justice is not the agency to un .. Bureau of Internal Revenue should serve plan because it will be referred to the dertake this task. There is no public to take politics out Of our tax-collection House Committee on Expenditures in the confidence that the Department of system and .bring about more efficient Executive Departments, and the Sub­ Justice will conduct a forthright, pene· and businesslike methods of operation. committee on the Reorganization of the trating and impartial investigation. As Comprehensive reorganization of the Legislative and Executive Branches of evidence, I submit editorials from the Bureau is badly needed. It is an old-line the Government will, of course, have its Washington Post and Washington Daily agency which dates back to the very be­ staff working on this plan. I am chair­ News of Friday, January 11, 1952, as ginning of our Government. The com­ man of this subcommittee. typical of the public reaction to the mittees of the Congress, cs well as public­ President's announcement. and private-management experts, have Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con .. found the Bureau to be bogged down in The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under sent to include at this point an editorial cumbersome, wasteful, and out-moded previous order of the House, the gentle­ from the Washington Post of Friday, practices. man from Michigan [Mr. MEADER] is January 11, 1952, entitled "Mr. Truman's The President's prompt action at the recognized for 10 minutes. Retreat," and an editorial of the same beginning of this session of Congress to day from the Washington Daily News en­ reorganize the Bureau of Internal Reve­ INVESTIGATE CORRUPTION titled "His Anger Curls Up." nue demonst!'ates again his firm support Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, I have The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of management-improvement programs today introduced a resolution to create objection to the request of the gentleman in the executive branch and his determi­ a special bipartisan committee to inves .. from Michigan? nation to bring the highest standards of tigate corruption in the Federal Govern.. There was no objection. integrity into the conduct of the Fed­ ment. Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, these eral Government. Disclosures of favoritism, special editorials read as follows: President Truman has frankly recog­ treatment, and downright corruption, MR. TRUMAN'S RETREAT nized that some employees of the Bu­ have resulted from the investigations· of President Truman's declaration 4 weeks reau of Internal Revenue have betrayed several committees of the Congress. The ago that he was about to t ake "drastic action" their public trust, and he has promised hearings and report on favoritism and to oust the corruptionists fi;om his adminis­ that wrongdoers will be routed out and influence in the Reconstruction Finance tration dwindled down to farcical proportions 160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 14 yesterday. At his press conference the Pres­ Even after Caudle had been exposed and