CALIFORNIA WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY Proceedings 70TH

Proceedings 70TH ANNUAL

CALIFORNIA WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY

“California Weed Science: From Restoration to Recreation”

FESS PARKER DOUBLETREE RESORT Santa Barbara, California

January 24, 25, & 26, 2018

CWSS 1948-2018

2018 Proceedings of the California Weed Science Society

Volume 70

Papers Presented at the 2018 Annual Conference January 24, 25, & 26, 2018

Fess Parker DoubleTree Resort 633 E. Cabrillo Boulevard Santa Barbara, California 93940

2017/2018 OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS Maryam Khosravifard, President Joseph Vassios, Vice President/Program Chair Travis Bean, Secretary Katherine Walker, Past President Dave Blodget, Director Ben Duesterhaus, Director Gil Del Rosario, Director Josie Hugie, Director Scott Oneto, Director Jill Damskey, Business Manager/Treasurer

Preface The proceedings contain contributed summaries of papers and posters presented at the annual conference, year-end financial statement, award winners, sponsors, exhibitors, and names, addresses and email addresses given by permission of those attending the meeting.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2018/2019 Board of Directors ...... 1 2018 Conference Sponsors ...... 2 2018 Conference Exhibitors ...... 3 2018 Award of Excellence – Kassim Al-Khatib ...... 4 2018 Award of Excellence – Scott Stoddard ...... 5 2018 Honorary Member – John Roncoroni ...... 6 2018 Student Awards ...... 7 In Memoriam...... 9 Oral Paper Summaries WEED SCHOOL SESSION Invasive Plant Seedbanks Sleeper-cells: Terrorists of Eradication Programs ...... 12 Creating Defensible Spaces in an Indefensible Ecosystems ...... 13 Establishment Stage Competition between Exotic Crimsom Fountaingrass (Pennisetum setaccum, C4) and Native Purple Needlegrass (Stipa pulchra, C3) ...... 14

A Functional Group Approach to Managing Large Invasive Grasses: Case Studies with Arundo and Phragmites ...... 15

Stress Tolerance and Invasive Spread of Arundo donax along California Coastal Areas...... 16

STUDENT ORAL SESSION Smallflower Umbrella Sedge Cross-Resistance to ALS Inhibitors in the California Rice Growing Region ...... 18

Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems ...... 19

Survey of Bearded Sprangletop Response to Clomazone in California Rice ...... 20

GENERAL SESSION No abstracts submitted TREE AND VINE SESSION Twenty Five Years of Mulching Orchards and What We Know ...... 21 Walnut Response to Multiple Exposures to Simulated Drift of Bispyribac-Sodium ...... 22

AQUATICS SESSION AMP® Activator a New Adjuvant for Aquatic Plant Management ...... 23 Control Options for Floating and Emergent Aquatic Species ...... 24 ORGANIC HERBICIDES SESSION Best Use Practices for Using Suppress Organic Herbicides ...... 25 Weed Removal in Organic Vegetable Crops ...... 26

Developing a Bioherbicide for Today’s Agriculture ...... 28 Organic Herbicides: A Review ...... 29 ROADSIDES, UTILITIES AND INDUSTRIAL SITES SESSION No abstracts submitted TURF & ORNAMENTAL SESSION Managing Weeds in a Highly Landscaped Community ...... 30 Long Beach USD Case Study: Reducing Glyphosate Use on School Grounds ...... 31 Nutsedge Control Strategy to Avert Potential Resistance Development to ALS-inhibiting Herbicides ...... 32

AGRONOMY SESSION No abstracts submitted FORESTRY, RANGE AND NATURAL AREAS SESSION No abstracts submitted

iii

VEGETABLE CROPS SESSION The Road to Automated Weeding of Vegetable Crops ...... 33

Lettuce Weed Management Update ...... 35

Effects of Prometryn Applied in Cilantro on Four Following Vegetable Crops ...... 36

LAWS AND REGULATIONS SESSION Proper Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)...... 38 Respiratory Protection – A How to Demonstration ...... 39 Online Training to Help You Comply with Personal Protective Equipment and Respiratory Protection Requirements—A New Resource from the University of California Statewide IPM Program ...... 40

Upcoming Changes to Worker Protection Standard ...... 41

Best Practices to Keep Pesticides Out of the Water ...... 42 DPR’s Cannabis Program – Where are We and Where are We Going? ...... 43

STUDENT POSTER SUMMARIES The Impact of Salinity on Invasive Aquatic Weed Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and its Biological Control Agent Neochetina bruchi ...... 44

Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems ...... 45

Bearded Sprangletop Adaptation to Flooding in California Rice ...... 46

Population Genetics of the Agricultural Weed Palmer Amaranth ...... 47

Characterizing the Expression of Candidate Genes for Herbicide Resistance in the Agricultural Weed Hairy Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis) ...... 48

Biological Control of Cirsium arvense with the Use of Puccinia punctiformis Fungus ...49

Cash Flow Report and Investments ...... 50

Honorary Members List ...... 51

Award of Excellence Members List ...... 52 Conference Attendees List ...... 53 Conference History ...... 70

California Weed Science Society 2017/2018 Board of Directors President Director - Steering Maryam Khosravifard Ben Duesterhaus Environmental Program Manager Mid Valley Ag Services CDFA Center for Analytical Chemistry Technical Services Agronomist Phone: (916) 390-2823 Phone (209) 351-7089 [email protected] [email protected]

Vice-President/Program Chair Director - Non-conference Education Joseph Vassios Whitney Brim-DeForest, PhD Account Manager, Aquatics UCCE Rice Advisor United Phosphorus, Inc. Sutter, Yuba, Placer and Sacramento Counties Phone : (719) 740-9291 Phone: (530) 822-7515 [email protected] [email protected]

Secretary Director - Membership Travis Bean Josie Hugie Assistant Cooperative Extension Specialist Crop Research Manager University of California, Riverside Wilbur Ellis Phone: (951) 827-5130 Phone: (916) 216-8744 [email protected] [email protected] Past President Director - Student Liaison Katherine Walker Scott Oneto Technical Service Farm Advisor/County Director BASF Corporation UC Coop Ext/ Central Sierra Phone: (919) 358-6123 Phone: (209) 223-6834 [email protected] [email protected]

Director - Finance Director - Public Relations Dave Blodget Gil Del Rosario Aquatic Specialist MLA, PCA; Sales Representative Alligare, LLC Dow AgroSciences, LLC Phone: (661) 599-3231 Phone: (949) 878-7371 [email protected] [email protected]

Business and Office Managers (non-voting) Jill Damskey & Celeste Elliott CWSS Business Office P.O. Box 1961 West Sacramento, CA 93912 Phone: (831) 442-3536 Fax: (831) 442-2351 [email protected] (Jill) [email protected] (Celeste)

1 The California Weed Science Society wishes to thank the following companies for their generous support of the 70th Annual Conference.

Sponsor Level I – CWSS Business & Awards Luncheon

BASF

Dow AgroSciences

Sponsor Level II – Wednesday Night Member Reception

Bayer Crop Science

Syngenta

Sponsor Level III – More Coffee!

Wilbur-Ellis Company

Sponsor Level IV – Coffee Break

Alligare LLC

Cygnet Enterprises

Sponsor Level V – General

Applied Biochemists/Lonza

C H Biotech

Diversified Waterscapes

Goat Throat Pumps

Oro Agri

PAPA

2 2018 CWSS EXHIBITORS

• ALLIGARE, LLC • HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY

• AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS • HELM AGRO US

• B & J TRADING, LLC • INTERNATIONAL WATER SCREENS

• BASF • LONZA/APPLIED BIOCHEMIST

• BAYER CROP SCIENCE • NEUDORFF NORTH AMERICA

• BAYER VEGETATION MANAGEMENT • NUFARM AMERICAS

• BRANDT CONSOLIDATED • ORO AGRI, INC.

• CALIFORNIA VETERAN SUPPLY • PAPA

• C H BIOTECH • SEPRO CORPORATION

• CALIFORNIA CERTIFIED CROP ADVISER • SPRAYTEC

• CROP PRODUCTIONS SERVICES, INC. • SUMMIT AGRO USA

• CYGNET WEST ENTERPRISES, INC. • TARGET SPECIALTY PRODUCTS

• DIVERSIFIED WATERSCAPES • UC ANR

• DOW AGROSCIENCES • UPI, INC.

• DUPONT CROP PROTECTION • VAN BEURDEN INSURANCE

• ECO-PAK LLC • WESTBRIDGE AG PRODUCTS

• GOAT THROAT PUMPS ∙ WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY

CWSS 2018 Awards

At the 2018 Annual Membership Business Meeting in Santa Barbara, the Award of Excellence and Honorary Membership awards were announced, which recognizes role models in the profession of Weed Science and outstanding service to the CWSS. The California Weed Science Society is pleased to present the following members, Kassim Al-Khatib and Scott Stoddard as the recipients of the Award of Excellence and John Roncoroni, an Honorary Membership.

CWSS 2018 Award of Excellence – Kassim Al-Khatib

(Presented by Kate Walker, CWSS Past President)

Kassim Al-Khatib is a professor and Cooperative Extension specialist in the Department of Plant Sciences at UC Davis. He served as the director of the statewide UC Integrated Pest Management program from 2009 to 2015. Prior to this role he held a research and teaching position at Kansas State University from 1996 to 2009, including professor of weed physiology. From 1989 to 1996, he was an assistant agronomist with Washington State University. Al-Khatib completed his Ph.D. in crop physiology at Kansas State University before joining the UC Davis faculty in 2009. He received several honors and awards, including 2014 Fulbright Research Award, Fellow of Weed Science Society of America, Fellow of American Society of Agronomy, Fellow of Western Society of Weed Science, Fellow of North Central Society of Weed Science, Weed Science Society of America Outstanding Paper Award, and Western Society of Weed Science Outstanding Weed Scientist Award, to name a few. He has been active in several professional societies including the Weed Science Society of America and Western Society of Weed Science. Al-Khatib has been a valuable member of the California Weed Science Society serving as session chair, organizer of Weed School and speaker. He has also had several students participate in the poster and student oral sessions at the Annual California Weed Science Society Meeting.

CWSS 2018 Award of Excellence – Scott Stoddard

(Presented by Kate Walker, CWSS Past President)

Scott Stoddard grew up in Cheyenne, Wyoming, on the outskirts of town, where he spent summers riding bikes and motorcycles, but not horses, on the hills and dirt roads around his house. His mother was an avid gardener, but other than that he had little interest in farming or ranching. This changed when he took his first soils class at the University of Wyoming as a basic science requirement. This class sparked an interest in soil management and agriculture in general, and he went on to major in Soil Science at University of Wyoming, receiving his Bachelor of Science in 1992. He continued at the graduate level in soil fertility at the University of Kentucky, receiving his Master of Science in 1995. After graduating, Scott worked for a fertilizer company in Virginia for a short while before joining UC Cooperative Extension in Merced in 1998. The first day on the job he spent happily setting up spray rig on a 1992 Case IH 265 row crop tractor preparing it for spray trials in cotton. The first four years were spent working under farm advisor Bill Weir, helping on research projects in cotton, tomatoes, melons, and sweet potatoes. Scott is now the vegetable crops farm advisor for Merced and Madera counties, working mainly on tomatoes, sweet potatoes and melons, with an emphasis on plant fertility, variety evaluation, and weed management. Scott is a member of the National Sweet Potato Collaborators Group, American Society of Horticultural Science (ASHS), Pesticide Applicators Professional Association (PAPA), and the California Weed Science Society (CWSS). He is a Qualified Applicator as well as a Certified Professional Agronomist (CPAg) and CCA. While not formerly trained as a weed scientist, it was attending CWSS conferences that sparked an interest in weed management and making it a major part of his research and education program as a farm advisor. Scott resides in Atwater, CA, with his wife Andrea and three sons. In his free time, he hangs out with his boys at track meets, baseball games, and soccer matches. Stoddard has been a valuable and long-standing member of the California Weed Science Society. If he is not serving as a session chair, Scott will often be asked to speak on his weed management research in vegetables.

CWSS 2018 Honorary Member – John Roncoroni

(Presented by Kate Walker, CWSS Past President)

John Roncoroni is the Weed Science Farm Advisor with University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) for Napa County. John was born and raised in Woodland, California, and has always been involved in agriculture. He started in FFA raising market lambs and then a small flock. During the summers at Woodland High, John drove tractor during tomato harvest and moved onto working with his father in a local grain warehouse. John received B.S. from UC Davis in Environmental Policy Analysis and Planning, with an emphasis in Agriculture. After graduation, John’s brother Ernie, who was well established working in weed control at UC Davis, suggested that John take a ‘six-month position’ working with Dr. Larry Mitich in corn and bean weed control. In 1985 he was hired as a Staff Research Associate at UC Davis to work with Dr. Clyde Elmore. During his time at UCD John worked with Jim McHenry, Dr. Tom Lanini and Dr. Robert Norris in several crop and non-crop research trials. In the early 90’s John first served as a CWSS session chair (Turf and ornamentals). He earned his M.S. in Horticulture from UC Davis in 1999. From 2004-2007, John was the first UC Davis IR-4 Field Research Director working under GLP (Good Lab Practices) to deliver pesticides accurately for residue analysis. He became a UCCE Weed Science Farm Advisor in Napa County and an IPM affiliate advisor in March, 2007. John specializes in vineyard floor management—weed control and cover cropping in premium California wine grapes. John continues to work with growers on proper calibration of orchard and vineyard weed sprayers, conventional and organic weed control, and control of herbicide tolerant and resistant weeds. John is married to his college sweetheart (and Santa Clara Co. 4-H All-star) Sharon, and has a daughter Jennifer (2005-6 4-H State Ambassador) John has served as session chair and presenter countless times for CWSS, and served on the Board of Directors and as President in 2015 and 2016.

2018 Student Research Paper Awards (Presented by CWSS Student Liaison Director, Scott Oneto)

($500) Katie Driver, University of California, Davis Survey of Bearded Sprangletop Response to Clomazone in California Rice ($300) Alex Ceseski, University of California, Davis Smallflower Umbrella Sedge Cross-Resistance to ALS Inhibitors in the California Rice-Growing Region ($200) HannahJoy Kennedy, University of California, Davis Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems

($200) Diana Camarena Onofre, California State University, Fresno Germination Rate and Glyphosate Resistance of Hairy Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis)

Katie Driver, Alex Ceseski, Diana Camarena, HannahJoy Kennedy and Scott Oneto

2018 Student Research Poster Awards (Presented by CWSS Student Liaison Director, Scott Oneto)

($500) Katie Driver, University of California, Davis Bearded Sprangletop Adaptation to Flooding in California Rice

($300) HannahJoy Kennedy, University of California, Davis Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems ($200) Priyanka Chaudhari, California State University, Fresno Characterizing the Expression of Candidate Genes for Herbicide Resistance in the Agricultural Weed Hairy Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis)

Katie Driver, HannahJoy Kennedy, Priyanka Chaudhari and Scott Oneto

In Memoriam - Steve Orloff

(Remembered by Steve Wright, Brad Hanson, and Dan Putnam at the California Weed Science Society Meeting (1/25/18))

We mourn the loss of Steve Orloff, UC Farm Advisor, who passed away October 3, 2017 from cancer. Last year at this conference, Steve Orloff was on stage receiving the honorary member award. Steve spent his 33 year career as a Farm Advisor.

Steve grew up in Lancaster, California. It was also in Southern California that Steve learned to surf the waves, and became an expert surfer – a passion he continued throughout his life. Steve spent two years in Central America serving in the Peace Corps, primarily El Salvador, where he worked with marginal farmers. He was transferred to Honduras during a civil war going on in El Salvador became too dangerous. He met his wife-to-be in Honduras at the Pension (small motel) he lived at.

I first met Steve while he was finishing his MS in Crop Sciences from San Louis Obispo when he visited Lake Success while Army Corp of Engineers was spraying cocklebur. Steve shortly after took the Farm Advisor position at Lancaster, CA working in the high desert of San Bernardino and Los Angeles counties. Although he had said that the job required a steep learning curve, he was aided by the farmers and ranchers, PCAs, and crop specialists at UC Davis and UC Riverside who appreciated his dedication to solving important problems. He collaborated and especially received mentoring from Tim Hayes and Ext. Weed Specialist Dave Cudney. Because of his important work on Dodder control in Alfalfa, Russian thistle, and work in onions he was awarded the CWSS Award of Excellence while a new Advisor. He had so many challenges he said at times Peace Corps was easier as the county gave him a truck without air conditioning or radio.

After making significant contributions in the high desert region, Steve moved his young family, now with three boys, from the desert to take a position in agronomic crops at the UC Cooperative Extension office in Yreka, Siskiyou County. There Steve quickly established himself as a regional expert on many crops, especially alfalfa, conducting significant research on-farm as well as at the UC Intermountain Research and Extension Center at Tulelake, CA. for the past 20+ years in Siskiyou and Modoc Counties. He was also County director for both Siskiyou and Modoc County.

Brad stated that Steve made his mark through his strong science, hard work, and commitment to agriculture but also through his sense of humor and and his genuine care for his friends, colleagues, and especially his family. After he passed, Brad was remembering Steve with a colleague who shared what an important collaborator, mentor, role model and friend Steve had been to him. That heartfelt statement kind of took the words out of my mouth as I felt much the same way. I think many of his colleagues would probably say, accurately, that they also had a really special relationship with Steve. Through his scientific and interpersonal interactions and we feel fortunate to have known and worked with Steve Orloff.

Steve was an editor for the California Weed Science Society Journal, Primary author for the Alfalfa chapter in the CWSS Text book, served as a director, was on the steering committee and many times as a session chair. He gave many presentations on Alfalfa Weed Management. Some remember being hit by Snicker bars for having the right answer to his questions or others not paying enough attention.

He contributed greatly to the alfalfa industry. In Dan Putnam’s words, Steve Orloff was a true agronomist with broad knowledge and in-depth expertise related to most fields of agriculture science. He published hundreds of articles reporting on his original research related to pest management, irrigation, harvest management fertilization and variety selection. Steve worked with many crops, including alfalfa, grass hays, small grains, onions, and several specialty crops. His accomplishments played a vital role in progressing California agriculture and helping solve many regional problems related to pests, water conservation, and economic stability. The publications “Intermountain Alfalfa Management’ which he led in the 1990s and “Irrigated Alfalfa Management for Desert and Mediterranean Zones” (2008), on which he made significant contributions, are considered the leading nationwide references to management of alfalfa.

He had as special interest in weed management. His work on the control of dodder, a major weed in alfalfa production in California during the 1980s, became the gold standard for management strategies for this difficult parasitic weed. More recently he conducted much of the university evaluations with Roundup-Ready alfalfa, including techniques to prevent weed shifts and resistance in this system. His sharp observations and excellent field research also identified a novel crop injury phenomenon in Roundup-Ready alfalfa in 2015-2017, and was working with Brad Hanson up until his bout with cancer.

Steve had a great ability to extend information in a fun and easy to understand style. He was a widely sought after speaker at state-wide and regional events, including the Western and California Alfalfa Symposium, Western and California Weed Science Society Conferences, and annual grower meetings in New Mexico, Utah, Nebraska, Washington, Arizona, Idaho, Oregon, and Nevada. He was a regular contributor to research presentations at the UC Intermountain Research and Extension Center, and at UC Davis. His thoughtful analysis and presentation of his own research data was always a highlight of any meeting, including his incorporation of humor that always enlivened the crowd.

His talent and his in-depth knowledge were appreciated not only by many growers in California, but throughout the nation, as well as internationally. Steve gave many talks and conducted programs internationally in alfalfa and agricultural development, including Spain, Romania, Chile, Argentina, China and Mexico.

The most important attribute of Steve, though was his personal characteristics. He was personal friends to many farmers, industry members and university colleagues. He was valued not only for his accomplishments, but his ability to light up a room and to engage on nearly every subject. Steve is remembered for his great sense of humor, his dedication to his family, his friendship to many, and his immense service to agricultural science. As Lynn Sosnoski stated, he had seamlessly endless cheer and humor. He will be sorely missed by all. Steve is survived by his wife Islea, sons Rob, Michael and Danny, and mother. It is with deep sorrow that we say goodbye to a wonderful friend, colleague and excellent human being.

In Memoriam – Arthur H. Lange

(Memorial read at 2018 California Weed Science Society Meeting (1/25/18) by Brad Hanson)

Arthur H. Lange, weed scientist emeritus at the UC Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, passed away June 27, 2017 at the age of 94.

Art was born and educated in western Washington. In 1942, he joined the Naval Air Corps and, after three and a half years of active duty, he returned to Oregon State University, where he graduated in 1950 with bachelor's and master's degrees in horticulture.

In 1954, Lange earned a doctorate degree in plant physiology at UCLA and accepted an associate horticulturist position at the University of Hawaii. In 1958, he became head of the Weed Control Research Program for the Pineapple Research Institute of Hawaii.

Lange returned to California in 1962, accepting the position of weed control specialist with UC Cooperative Extension, first at the Davis campus and later at UC Riverside. In 1970, after spending part of a sabbatical leave in Columbia, Chile, and Central America, he relocated to the Kearney Research and Extension Center in Parlier. During his UCCE career, Art collaborated with and influenced many of his weed science colleagues around the state. Among other honors, he was named an Honorary Member of the California Weed Science Society in 1986 and Fellow of the Western Society of Weed Science in 1977.

Art retired from UC in 1986, after a productive career as a weed science specialist, and began a second career as a stone fruit farmer under the name “Honey Crisp: Tree Ripened Fruit” in Reedley, California. For 28 years, he sold his tree- and vine-ripe fruit, as well as unsulfured dried fruit at a roadside stand, at farmers markets, and to fresh produce distributors and restaurants.

Art is remembered for a deep enthusiasm for weed management research that he shared with his colleagues and encouraged them to expand upon in their own research and extension programs. He was also very committed to sharing up-to-date results with his fellow weed researchers and growers via publications, as well as through presentations at meetings. Several of his colleagues recall multiple occasions in which he was observed inserting newly updated 35mm slides into his slide carousel as he walked up to make his presentation!

Art Lange was impactful both as a scientist and as a mentor to his colleagues and had a large impact on weed science in California during his UCCE career.

Invasive Sleeper Cell Plant Seedbanks: Terrorists of Eradication Program John Knapp, The Nature Conservancy, 532 E. Main Street, Suite 200, Ventura, CA USA 93001

Invasive plant eradications are becoming more common as resource managers advance eradication strategies and techniques. Eradication of invasive plant species is considered more difficult than the eradication of invasive vertebrates due to the longevity and unpredictable nature of soil seedbanks. Invasive plant seedbanks behave similar to terrorist sleeper cells by lying dormant until a trigger event is signaled. Once emerged, often at unexpected times, germinated seed can go undetected and if they become reproductive can set eradications back to zero. Successful eradications must meet three key criteria: 1) detect all individuals, 2) removal all individuals, and 3) outpace reproduction. Invasive plant seedbanks can make meeting eradication criteria extremely difficult. Small seedlings are tough to detect, which makes treating all individuals and outpacing reproduction problematic. Seedbanks can also plague eradication programs by contaminating eradication personnel who then spread seed unknowingly on their person or equipment. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures must be put in place to avoid contaminating weed free areas. The presence or perceived presence of a latent soil seedbank can make it difficult for resource managers to declare eradication success. Seedbanks can be managed in a variety of ways; 1) stimulating seedbanks through natural processes such as fire, 2) controlled using pre-emergent herbicides, or possibly other more creative ways yet tested. Resource managers who initiate plant eradications will ultimately have to manage a soil seedbank if they are to be successful, and today there are advances in seedbank management yet to be developed.

Creating Defensible Spaces in an Indefensible Ecosystem. Jonathan C. Hall, The Land Conservancy of San Luis Obispo County, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA. [email protected].

The Guadalupe Nipomo Dunes Complex (GNDC), located in both San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties, is the largest relatively intact coastal dune tract in California. A coalition of agencies, non-profit organizations, businesses, and landowners, called the Dunes Collaborative, have been working to conserve the most significant resources of the GNDC by removing exotic plants that are invading the most pristine areas. Over 50% of this dune system is made up of coastal dune scrub habitat, which is being degraded by perennial veldtgrass (Ehrharta calycina). This weed species is converting the natural shrub dominated ecosystem into a grassland and is so wide spread, long-term strategies for management are the only viable options. For over a decade, management strategies in the GNDC have been built around the theory of biotic resistance, which hypothesizes that species diverse environments are more resistant to invasive species. This concept is promoted as a valuable foundation for sustainable, long-term weed management.

After 10 years of perennial veldtgrass control, monitoring results showed that the Dunes Collaborative has failed to meet their management objective of a restored coastal dune scrub habitat with natural resistance to invasive species. Utilizing a conceptual model looking at attributes of the invasive species, ecosystem invaded, and environmental conditions, the Dunes Collaborative has changed their management strategy and approach.

Coastal dune scrub habitat is typified by perennial shrub species intermixed with patches of bare ground. This bare ground provides valuable open spaces for native annual plants to flourish and provides a majority of the ecosystem’s species richness. These natural open spaces are quickly invaded when perennial veldtgrass seeds are wind dispersed from neighboring infestations. The structure of this ecosystem lends itself to the theory of biotic acceptance, an opposing theory to the theory of biotic resistance. In the theory of biotic acceptance, some natural ecosystems tend to accommodate the establishment and coexistence of introduced species despite the presence and abundance of native species.

Based on the theory of biotic acceptance, the new management strategy to conserve the most significant resources of the GNDC focuses on building defensible spaces as buffers around habitat areas identified as critical to preserving and promoting biodiversity. These defensible spaces are based on topography and predominant wind direction to minimize weed seedbank introductions from neighboring infestations.

Establishment Stage Competition between Exotic Crimson Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum, C4) and Native Purple Needlegrass (Stipa pulchra, C3) Lynn Sweet, University of California, Riverside

Crimson fountaingrass, Pennisetum setaceum, an exotic perennial C4 species and a relatively new invader to California, is expanding to areas currently occupied by purple needlegrass, Stipa pulchra, a C3 native. We predicted that fountaingrass seedlings might withstand cool season competition in California’s Mediterranean-type climate and establish in Stipa pulchra grasslands due to less competition during the warm, dry summer season. A field experiment was conducted to examine competitive interactions of the two species from the cool winter season to the warm summer season. As predicted, Stipa produced greater aboveground biomass in the cool season and showed strong intraspecific competition, as well as interspecific suppression of Pennisetum growth, whereas Pennisetum showed no suppression of Stipa. In the warm season, Stipa showed relatively less suppression of Pennisetum, erasing significant differences, and Pennisetum showed increased growth. Results of this study show that C3 Stipa can suppress initial growth of C4 Pennisetum, but in warmer months, Pennisetum can overcome this initial suppression. A second study investigated impacts of Pennisetum on native California coastal sage scrub, heretofore unknown, designed to investigate which species are present where Pennisetum is invading and what impacts Pennisetum has on this community. Significant reductions in native species cover were found with increased P. setaceum cover in both years in Santa Monica Mountains (SAMO) sites and in 2010 in San Diego sites. Native species richness decreased with increasing Pennisetum cover in both years in SAMO sites but not in San Diego sites. Soil samples from high Pennisetum cover areas showed higher nitrate, water content and potassium in both regions as compared to low cover areas. These studies indicate that Pennisetum may be exploiting an empty niche in California’s Mediterranean-type climate, and it may have impacts on native plant communities and soil properties, and thus its control should be prioritized.

A Functional Group Approach to Managing Large Invasive Grasses: Case Studies with Arundo and Phragmites. Adam Lambert, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara

Large invasive grasses (LIG) constitute a distinct functional group with characteristic life history traits that facilitate colonization and aggressive growth in aquatic ecosystems, particularly those modified by human activities. These species typically form monocultures in the systems they invade and have wide ranging and negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. I present a functional group approach to studying a suite of LIG with similar morphological and physiological characteristics that cause them to colonize and establish in similar environments, resulting in similar ecosystem impacts. Arundo donax L. (giant reed) and Phragmites australis (Cav.) (common reed) are two of the most widely distributed invasive reeds in coastal riparian and wetland ecosystems in North America. These reeds share a unique invasive life form – primarily vegetative reproduction and dispersal through rhizomes, rapid growth rate, substantial allocation of energy to belowground biomass, and adapted to disturbance. These grasses interfere with water management and transportation systems, and are also known to compete with native plants, provide inferior quality habitat for wildlife, promote wildfire, and affect erosion and sedimentation dynamics in many ecosystems, and can also be major consumers of groundwater in arid regions. Management and control of invasive populations cost millions of dollars each year. Biological control programs have been established for both species as sustainable and cost effective alternatives to conventional control programs. Further experimental studies are needed to tie the distribution patterns of A. donax and P. australis, and other LIG to in situ environmental conditions such as climate, soil conditions, nutrient availability, and moisture requirements. Moving past the species-specific treatment of invasive plant problems to a functional group analysis may provide greater insight into the causes of and potential for LIG invasion and more accurately portray the ecosystem level impacts these species are causing.

Stress Tolerance and Invasive Spread of Arundo donax along California Coastal Areas. Scott Steinmaus, Horticulture and Crop Science Department, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo

Giant reed (Arundo donax) is an aggressive invasive grass along riparian habitats that spreads primarily by stem and rhizome fragmentation. It has been especially successful in southern California along flood control basins such as the Santa Ana River corridor from Riverside, California down to its estuary near Newport Beach, California. Previous research has identified the bioclimatic variables necessary to accurately predict its extensive spread in southern California with a base temperature parameter of 12.7C and a base moisture parameter of -1.65 MPa (about 6% volumetric water content) (Graziani and Steinmaus, 2009). Giant reed populations have become established along the beaches especially south of the Santa Ana River estuary such as Carlsbad and nearby beaches. Rhizome fragments of these populations had clean edged cuts suggesting they had been managed by some mechanical form of control. Helicopter recognizance mapping of invasive species on Catalina Island with collaboration with Catalina Island Conservancy personnel revealed isolated populations of giant on beaches at the southwestern portion of the island. These beaches are about 32 miles from the Santa Ana River estuary. We hypothesized that the populations along mainland beaches and Catalina Island could be the result of mechanical management efforts along the flood control basins such as Santa Ana River that cut the rhizomes into fragments, which then floated down and out into the Pacific ocean. Further, we hypothesized that predominant ocean currents were responsible for pushing these rhizomes back onto mainland beaches or to the Catalina Island beaches. To test this hypothesis, we needed to assess the salt-water tolerance for giant reed rhizomes and then we needed to assess predominant annual ocean currents near the mainland shore and Catalina Island. To test seawater tolerance of giant reed rhizomes we collected hundreds of cut rhizomes to mimic mechanical control with at least 5 nodes. Previous research at Cal Poly revealed that rhizomes with less than 4 nodes were highly variable in their sprouting capacity. Rhizomes were placed into nylon, netted bags, and suspended off the Cal Poly Marine Sciences pier for an extended period of time. Ten rhizomes were removed from the bags at weekly intervals and placed onto beach sand that were contained in small plastic pools. They were irrigated to maintain moisture levels above the base level of 6% volumetric water content. These rhizomes were assessed for mean number of sprouts per 20 cm of rhizome per rhizome. This sequential removal experiment revealed that sprouting ceased after 42 days of exposure to seawater. After 42 days in seawater, many of the rhizomes were colonized by barnacle polyps, which could be an explanation for lost viability in addition to seawater intolerance. We used the ocean current databases from the Coastal Observing Research and Development Center, specifically the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (www.sccoos.org) which compiles high frequency RADAR (HFRADAR) data of ocean currents in real time. From these data we were able to predict the direction and speed at which giant reed rhizomes (or some other floating object) could reach specific beach locations from the Santa Ana River estuary. The maps had a 6 km2 grid resolution. Typical current velocities were in the range of about 3-15 cm/s (average of 10 cm/s or 0.36 Km/hr thus requiring 17 hours to move from one grid to the adjacent grid roughly 6 km). There appears to be a consistent seasonality to predominant ocean currents and based on direction and speed, March currents tend to explain spread of rhizomes from the Santa Ana River estuary to the beaches south such as Carlsbad but probably not the southwestern Catalina Island beaches. Predominant currents of the Fall could explain the infestation of Catalina originating from the Santa Ana River but this leaves the question

16 of establishment without rain or other freshwater source. Giant reed rhizomes are certainly capable of landing on a beach in September and waiting for the rains of winter to sprout. Predominant currents of the winter such as in December seemed to consistently move toward the north-west at sufficient directions and velocities, which would send floating objects such as rhizomes into open ocean for a sufficient duration of 42 days preventing giant reed survival. More work needs to be done to better quantify ocean currents for the purpose of making recommendations to vegetation managers of riparian habitat such as the flood control basins of the Santa Ana River and other southern California rivers. However, based on our investigations, any control of giant reed that could allow rhizomes to escape downstream and into open ocean should consider control measures during the early winter months to minimize rhizome survival in open ocean and preventing reestablishment on other mainland and island beaches.

Smallflower Umbrella Sedge Cross-Resistance to ALS Inhibitors in the California Rice Growing Region. Alex Ceseski*, Katie Driver, Amar Singh Godar, Kassim Al-Khatib. University of California, Davis, CA, USA. *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Control of smallflower umbrella sedge (Cyperus difformis L.) in California rice has relied heavily on acetolactase synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides for more than two decades. As a result, smallflower populations resistant to ALS inhibitors are found throughout California’s rice growing region. The present study illustrates the current extent of smallflower resistance to ALS herbicides in California rice. Sixty-two grower-submitted smallflower samples collected in 2015 and 2016 were screened for resistance to four ALS herbicides: bensulfuron-methyl (Londax), halosulfuron-methyl (Halomax 75), bispyribac-sodium (Regiment CA), and penoxsulam (Granite SC). Plants were grown in a greenhouse at the Rice Experiment Station in Biggs, California and sprayed with each herbicide at two rates: labeled field rate (1x) and 3x the field rate. Only one population was susceptible (S) to all treatments; in the remaining 61 populations six major resistance (R) patterns emerged. All of the 61 R populations exhibited some resistance to bensulfuron, with 58 showing significantly reduced mortality at the higher rate. Resistance to more than one herbicide was apparent in 59 populations, confirming that smallflower cross-resistance to ALS herbicides is widespread in the region. Of note, 18 populations were R to bensulfuron but S to halosulfuron, both of which are sulfonylurea-based herbicides. This may not be fully explained by a change to the ALS enzyme target site; a combination of enzyme insensitivity and enhanced herbicide metabolism may be present in these populations. Furthermore, one population was strongly resistant to all treatments, suggesting that a substitution for tryptophan at residue 574 of the ALS enzyme may be the mechanism of resistance for that biotype, as that particular mutation is known to confer resistance to all ALS herbicides.

Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems. HannahJoy Kennedy*1, Steven A. Fennimore1, John S. Rachuy1, David C. Slaughter2, & Thuy Tuong Nguyen2. 1 UC Davis, Dept. of Plant Sciences, Salinas, CA, 93905; 2 UC Davis, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Davis, CA, 95616. *Corresponding author Increasing weed control costs threaten vegetable crop grower profitability due to labor shortages, rising labor expense, as well as lack of and loss of herbicides. Automated weed control systems can help to contain or decrease weed control costs. Traditional inter-row mechanical cultivation is not sufficient, as it does not remove weeds within the seed line at early growth periods when competition for nutrients, water and light is critical. Thus, intra-row hand weeding is necessary, but increasingly expensive. Current intra-row weeders commercially available do not differentiate between crops and weeds, but rather rely on row pattern recognition. The row-pattern recognition systems are problematic where weed populations are high and the row pattern cannot be detected. In these weedy situations, the machines cease to function or cause damage to the crop. We are testing three methods to mark crops to make them distinct from weeds and detectable by a mechanized weeder: 1) Systemic Markers, 2) Topical Markers, 3) Plant Labels. The goal of the project is to develop automated weed control systems that achieve significant reductions in need for hand weeding and herbicides while maintaining a practical and cost-effective weed control system.

Survey of Bearded Sprangletop Response to Clomazone in California Rice. Katie E. Driver*, Kassim Al Khatib, and Amar Godar. University of California, Davis. *Corresponding author ([email protected])

Bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fasicularis (Lam.) N. Snow) is a problematic weed in California rice production, however few herbicides provide control. As control of bearded sprangletop has declined, suspicion of resistance has increased due to the continuous rice cropping system. Seed from 21 populations were submitted by growers from the California rice growing region and screened for clomazone resistance at a field rate of 0.6 lb. ai ac-1 (673 g ai ha-1) and a 3X field rate of 1.8 lb. ai ac-1 (2019 g ai ha-1). Four populations were confirmed resistant at both rates tested. However, the survival of the treated plants resulted in reduction of biomass ranging from 30 to 98% at 3 WAT. A decrease in height ranging from 29 to 72% was observed for all populations that survived the 3X treatment. Clomazone resistant bearded sprangletop plants were initially injured but began to recover 14 DAT. Additional studies are being conducted to test the level and mechanism of resistance.

After 25 Years of Mulching in Orchards, What Do We Know? Ben Faber, UCCE, Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties

Mulch Benefits

1. Soil moisture is conserved, by both reduced evaporation and reduced weeds (requiring 3-6 inches depth). Soil infiltration is improved due to reduced surface sealing from rain and irrigation impact.

2. Soil erosion significantly reduced due to reduced overland flow and improved infiltration

3. Soil fertility improved due to decomposition and leaching of the mulch.

4. Weed competition is reduced

5. Soil structure is improved from increased biological activity

6. Soil compaction is reduced with less puddling and vehicle weights are dispersed. Provides for an improved traffic surface in wet weather.

7. Moderates soil temperatures so that summer temperatures are cooler and winter warmer.

8. Some diseases are reduced, such as Phytophthora, due to increased biological activity

9. Snail activity is reduced

Mulch disadvantages

1. Nitrogen deficiency may develop if mulches are incorporated or early in the process

2. Excess moisture may occur in fine-textured materials or if the irrigation cycle is not reduced to reflect reduced evaporative loss

3. Air temperatures are colder above a mulch due to their low heat capacity

4. Mulched trees may be delayed in developing hardiness due to late fall vigor

5. Weeds and disease can be introduced with the mulch

6. Fire can potentially be a problem with newly applied mulches

7. Rodent damage can be increased

Walnut Response to Multiple Exposures to Simulated Drift of Bispyribac- Sodium Mariano F. Galla, UCCE, Glenn, Butte and Tehama Counties, Kassim Al-Khatib and Bradley D. Hanson, University of California, Davis

A field study was established to evaluate symptoms, growth, yield and nut quality of walnut trees subjected to multiple exposures of simulated bispyribac-sodium drift. Because tissue differentiation for future fruiting positons occurs almost a year earlier, nut yield the year following simulated drift was also evaluated. Bispyribac-sodium was applied four times, at weekly intervals, at 0.5% and 3% of the use rate in rice (45 g ai ha-1). Injury from the 0.5% rate exceeded 5% after three applications. In general, the severity of the symptoms peaked 14 d after last application (23% and 40% injury for 0.5% and 3% rate, respectively) and subsequently remained nearly constant over the duration of the study. Growth of shoots treated with the 0.5% rate was initially delayed during the treatment regime but recovered after treatments ended; however, walnut shoots exposed to the higher rate had fewer internodes than nontreated trees at the end of the season. No measurable reduction in walnut yield or average nut weight either in the year of exposure or in the subsequent year were observed. However, both rates negatively affected walnut kernel color in the year of drift exposure.

AMP® Activator a New Adjuvant for Aquatic Plant Management Ryan M. Wersal and Bill Ratajczyk, Lonza Water Treatment, 1200 Bluegrass Lakes Pkwy, Alpharetta, GA 30004

AMP® Activator is a new patent pending adjuvant that combines proteins and surfactants to improve control of both aquatic vasuclar plants and algae. The use rate of the adjuvant in combination with aquatic herbicides and algaecides is density dependent and ranges from 0.25 gal/acre to 1 gal/acre. In small scale aquaria trials on Euraisan watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) using an 8 hr exposure it was observed that the LC50 for Eurasian watermilfoil treated with 2,4-D alone was 0.77 mg/L (r2=0.91). When AMP® Activator was added to the 2,4-D 2 ® treatments the LC50 was decreased to 0.34 mg/L (r =0.87). AMP Activator resulted in the reduction in exposure time needed to control hybrid watermilfoil with of 2,4-D. When 2,4-D was applied alone it required at least 24 h of exposure time, however only 12 h was needed when AMP® Activator was added to the treatment. Algal Challenge Test (ACT) results demonstrated that AMP® Activator applied to Lyngbya from Lake Gaston, NC first followed 2 days later by Algimycin® PWF elicited the greatest response among algaecide treatments. Additionally, Anabaena sp. and Aphanizomenon sp. from Morrison Lake, MI subjected to an ACT resulted in the recommendation of 0.5 gal/acre-ft. of AMP® Activator followed 4 days later by 20 lbs/acre-ft of Phycomycin® SCP based on chlorophyll a and cell densities. When Phycomycin® SCP was applied alone it required 60 lbs/acre-ft to achieve the same results. AMP® Activator has shown promise at multiple scales on several plants and algae in enhancing the efficacy of both herbicides and algaecides.

Control Options for Floating and Emergent Aquatic Species John D. Madsen, USDA ARS Exotic and Invasive Weed Research Unit, University of California, Davis, Plant Sciences, MS 4, 1 Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, [email protected].

Emergent and floating aquatic plants pose a significant proportion of the nuisance problems encountered in aquatic environments. Emergent plants, which are rooted in the bottom underwater but have leaves that extend into the air, are exemplified by plants such as cattails, bulrush or tule, and giant reed (Arundo). Some floating-leaved plants are rooted in the bottom, with leaves floating on the surface. Some examples of these plants are yellow floatingheart, fragrant waterlily, and yellow pondlily. Free-floating plants are typically not rooted in to the bottom, and the plant floats freely in the water, allowing these plants to readily disperse. Free-floating plants in California include duckweeds, waterhyacinth, South American spongeplant and mosquitofern. A final group of interest are mat-forming species, which form dense mats of tangles stems which may have emergent stems from the mat. This group includes waterprimrose, alligatorweed, and waterpenny. Common species in California will be reviewed, and the ecological and economic issues of their growth discussed. Management options for these species include biological, chemical, mechanical and physical approaches. Few biological control options are available for aquatic plants in California. While there are 16 or more active ingredients labeled for aquatic use by the US EPA, there are severe restrictions imposed on their use in the State of California by various and sundry regulatory agencies. If using a foliar application of an herbicide, be sure to also include an approved surfactant or adjuvant. Mechanical control options include harvesting, hand pulling or cutting, mechanical cutting, and a wide variety of specialized machines. Physical control options alter the environment to limit plant growth, and include dredging, drawdown, shading and nutrient inactivation. An overview of pertinent management options in California will be discussed, and their various merits and demerits mentioned. When possible, scientific evidence for potential techniques should be weighed as part of the evaluation process.

Best Use Practices for Using Suppress Organic Herbicide. Heather Palmer*, Westbridge Agricultural Products, Vistia, CA. *Corresponding author [email protected] Developed by Westbridge Agricultural Products, SUPPRESS® Herbicide EC is a highly effective EPA registered tool for organic growers. This proprietary product is registered as a nonselective, post-emergent, foliar herbicide for use in and around all food and non-food crop areas, as well as non-agricultural and industrial sites. The formulation is an emulsifiable concentrate that has been approved by OMRI and WSDA for use in certified organic food production. Weed management is an ever-present problem in agriculture. Yields are reduced as weeds compete for space and resources that crops depend on, and weeds act as hosts for insect pests and plant diseases which can move into cultivated crops. Weed control is always a huge challenge for organic growers and there are few effective and economical options available for use on organic food crops. SUPPRESS® provides growers with a valuable tool to help meet their production goals. In years of university and commercial trials, SUPPRESS® has consistently shown excellent results in controlling various weeds. Plant responses can usually be seen shortly after application. The active ingredients in SUPPRESS® are naturally-occurring fatty acids which disrupt the plant’s waxy cuticle and cell walls, causing weeds to dehydrate and die. SUPPRESS® is not volatile; therefore, vapor damage will not occur to non-target plantings.

Weed Removal in Organic Vegetable Crops. Steven A. Fennimore*, University of California, Davis, at Salinas CA. *Corresponding author [email protected]

There were about 100,000 acres of organic vegetable crops in California in 2012 (Klonsky and Healy 2013). Vegetable crops consist of dozens of crops and have varying weed management systems based on the needs of the crop. There are few effective organic-compliant herbicides available for use by organic producers, and herbicides play little or no part in commercial organic vegetable production. Important weed management tactics for organic vegetables include crop rotation, stale seedbed preparation, cultivation and hand weeding. Traditional inter-row cultivation plays a very important role in organic vegetable production systems. This method of cultivation leaves the seedline untouched and thus hand weeding is required to control weeds near the crop plants. However, agricultural labor shortages are common and growers report difficulty in finding enough people for many farm tasks including hand weeding. Therefore, there is an overwhelming need to find cost-effective technologies to control weeds in organic vegetables. One of the more successful strategies for organic vegetable fields is a long-run focus on limiting production of weed seed, thus keeping the weed seedbank population low in the field. This means removing weeds during the crop production season and disking down weeds before they reseed during fallow periods. Hand weeding is the most effective method of weed control close to the crop plants in-season, but is increasingly expensive. Among new tools available to organic vegetable producers are intra-row automated cultivators. There are at least three brands of automated cultivators, also called “intelligent cultivators”: Robocrop, Robovator and Steketee IC. These cultivators have machine vision systems, i.e., cameras linked to a computer, that detects the row pattern and identifies the crop based on planting pattern. Plants that are not in the row pattern are assumed to be weeds and targeted for removal. The information about the location of the crop is used to control an actuator – in this case a cultivator blade, that removes the weeds around the crop including the intra-row space, much the same as a human hoe hand. Cultivator blades and weeding knives are not new technology. What is new is the combination of steel cultivator knives with automation technology to create a new type of weed control tool. The device that contacts and kills the weed is called the “actuator”. Cultivator knives are just one such actuator – there are other possibilities such as abrasion (i.e. sand blasting), flame, superheated steam, hot oil, lasers, stampers and high pressure water jets. Intelligent cultivators work well in low density crops like lettuce, pepper and tomato where there is adequate space to separate the crop plants and differentiate them from weeds. However, high density crops such as carrot and spinach will require a different approach such as a grid spraying system. In the grid system the automated weeder would identify the weeds and differentiate them from the crop. The system would then control the weeds with a physical tool such as a flame burst or abrasive grit targeted to a small spot such as a 0.5” by 0.5” square. Another strategy that we have been working on is use of a banded steam application to control weeds in the seedline. By injecting steam in the band for sufficient time to raise the soil temperature to over 150°F for several minutes we have achieved over 90% weed control in lettuce. This is an experimental strategy and our research is ongoing. However, our objective is to apply

26 steam at a speed of at least 1 mph and a cost of treatment of no more than $100 per acre. This method also provides suppression of lettuce drop disease, a serious soilborne disease of lettuce.

Literature cited Klonsky K, Healy B (2013) Statistical review of California’s organic agriculture 2009-2012. Agricultural Issues Center, University of California

Developing a Bioherbicide for Today’s Agriculture. Louis G. Boddy*, Marrone Bio Innovations, Sacramento, CA. *Corresponding author [email protected] Bioherbicides can be characterized as herbicides derived from a living substance and possessing a complex mode of action. A focus on natural product chemistry offers the potential for developing microbial- or plant-based products that generate a range of phytotoxic symptoms and employ a variety of modes of action. An example of such an approach is MBI-014, based on a soil bacterium formulated as a wet dispersible granule. It is particularly effective on Amaranthus species, has some systemic activity and contains at least two herbicidally active molecules with novel modes of action. A second example is MBI-011, based on the molecule sarmentine, isolated from the long pepper plant; this broad spectrum herbicide disrupts cell membrane integrity, inhibits fatty acid synthesis and inhibits photosystem II.

Organic Herbicides: A Review. William L. Patzoldt*, Blue River Technology, Sunnyvale, CA. *Corresponding author [email protected] Organic herbicides have a significant role in modern agriculture. Many products on the market are based on fatty acids or essential oils and have similar characteristics and mechanisms of action. In general, these products are contact (non-systemic) and non-selective herbicides that cause loss of membrane integrity, cellular leakage, and rapid tissue necrosis upon application to unwanted plants. Furthermore, activity is enhanced with increasing temperatures and full sunlight. For fatty acids, carbon chain length appears to be important for maximum efficacy with eight to nine carbons chains being optimal (Coleman and Penner, 2006). While these herbicides are currently being used for weed management, current methods of application are a limiting factor for maximizing effectiveness in production agriculture. The introduction of computer technology, specifically artificial intelligence and machine learning with the ability to identify and treat only weeds and not crops, may offer new opportunities for the use of organic herbicides.

Literature Cited Coleman, R and D Penner. 2006. Desiccant Activity of Short Chain Fatty Acids. Weed Tech. 20:410-415.

Managing Weeds in a Highly Landscaped Community. Lauren E. Howell, Director of Employee Development, Bemus Landscape, Inc. PO Box 74268, San Clemente, CA 92673 www.Bemus.com [email protected]

Weed control in intensively landscaped residential settings provides a set of challenges more complicated than most other commercially maintained landscape settings. The clients, who are typically committee and board members within Homeowners’ Associations (HOAs), have a personal connection to the property being maintained and bring a layer of expectation and concerns that commercial and industrial property managers generally do not.

The homeowners in highly landscape HOA properties have often chosen to live in their particular neighborhood because of the beautiful aesthetics that the landscape provides. They have the expectation that the landscape will always be performing at its highest level with few, if any, problems, issues or deficiencies. Weeds are not acceptable! But the added layer of these homeowners’ concerns for safety for their children, their pets and themselves can complicate the implementation of weed control. Good listening combined with client education provide a channel for communication that allows us to develop a strategy that works.

While always taking clients’ needs and wants into consideration, the landscape manager is additionally tasked with working efficiently and staying within the property’s budget. Herbicide use is a great help in this regard, providing efficiencies and cost savings that are not realized with more labor intensive manual operations. But herbicide use brings the need for responsible safety and training practices that reduce damage to the landscape and exposure to employees and residents.

Implementing a successful strategy requires the development of a plan, which takes into account your clients’ vision and is well communicated to your employees. Ongoing, hands-on training and proper product selection can provide efficiency and safety. Communication and feedback with vendors allows for an ever-evolving and improving plan that is beneficial for all involved in providing beautiful weed-free landscapes.

Long Beach Unified School District: Reducing Glyphosate Use at School Sites Ashley Freeman, CDPR, Sacramento, CA, [email protected]

This presentation will focus on how DPR, UC Statewide IPM Program and UCCE, and Long Beach Unified School District (LBUSD) eliminated nonselective herbicides use to control weeds at school sites. LBUSD parents began demanding that the district eliminate the use of herbicides at all Long Beach school sites. LBUSD, DPR, and UCCE found a reliable alternative using a lethal steam delivery machine. The school district has found that in test sites, the machine produces reliable and lasting results that rivalling the efficacy results found in nonselective herbicides when used as part of an overall IPM program to remove, eliminate, and reduce the potential for weeds to thrive.

Nutsedge Control Strategy to Avert Potential Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides. Kai Umeda, Area Extension Agent, Turfgrass Science, University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Phoenix, AZ 85040, [email protected]

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a very difficult to control weed in warm-season turfgrasses and is more prevalent than the easier-to-control yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus) in the low desert regions of Arizona and Southern California. Most of the postemergence (POST) herbicides used for purple are equally effective against yellow; however, preemergence (PRE) are not effective against purple as metolachlor may control some yellow. A foliar burndown POST herbicide, MSMA is very restricted and only limited to some spot treating on golf courses and sod farms. Several acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme-inhibiting herbicides including the imidazolinones (IMI’s) and sulfonylureas (SU’s) are labeled and registered for effective nutsedge control in turfgrasses.

Field trials have demonstrated efficacy with two summer applications of Image (imazaquin), Dismiss South (imazethapyr + sulfentrazone), SedgeHammer (halosulfuron) or Tribute Total (halosulfuron + foramsulfuron + thiencarbazone), Monument (trifloxysulfuron), Certainty (sulfosulfuron), Katana (flazasulfuron), and Celero (imazosulfuron). Timing of POST applications of these herbicides should be initiated after the summer solstice (June 21) and followed by a sequential treatment on nutsedge regrowth at 4 to 6 weeks later. During the spring, nutsedge should be mowed frequently and in tandem, Dismiss CA (sulfentrazone) or if available, MSMA could be applied to burndown foliage. Do not overuse any of the herbicides as many have labeled limitations for total number of applications or total amount allowed to be applied in a period of time.

The ALS enzyme-inhibiting herbicides have additional multiple uses for: 1) overseeded ryegrass removal during spring transition; 2) Poa annua control just prior to fall overseeding; and 3) after fall overseeding to cleanup fairway edges of perennial ryegrass and P. annua and for clumpy ryegrass control. Over the course of a year, ALS enzyme-inhibiting herbicides could be applied excessively on a site where exposures to varied rates could lead to potential weed resistance to a valuable chemistry. The Weed Science Society of America designates the mechanism of action of the ALS enzyme-inhibiting herbicides in Group 2 and the global Herbicide Resistance Action Committee has a letter designation of Group B. In the United States, there are documented cases of resistance to the Group 2/B herbicides in turf by annual bluegrass, spotted spurge, and an annual sedge.

In summary, limit use of SU and IMI herbicides to 2 summer applications for nutsedge control in turf. A late June - early July initial application should be followed by a sequential application at 4-6 weeks later in mid-August. Emerging nutsedge in the spring should be mowed frequently and Dismiss CA and/or MSMA, if available, can be used to burndown nutsedge foliage. ALS enzyme- inhibiting herbicides should be used to eliminate perennial ryegrass during spring transition when temperatures and conditions are conducive for maximum efficiency of a single application. Alternative PRE and POST herbicides should be integrated in a rotation to manage P. annua and clumpy ryegrass during the winter. Optimizing a limited number of applications of ALS enzyme- inhibiting herbicides can curb the potential excess exposure of weeds to the valuable chemistry and extend their useful longevity for successful and sustained turf management.

The Road to Automated Weeding of Vegetable Crops. Richard Smith, Farm Advisor, University of California Cooperative Extension, Monterey County

The use of automated weeders is now a reality in the Salinas Valley. Machines being sold or rented for use include the Robovator (manufactured in Denmark) and the Steketee (manufactured in the Netherlands). These machines use cameras to detect plants, a computer to process the image and calculate which plants to keep and which to remove, and a kill mechanism. The kill mechanism used by these two machines consists of a split knife that travels in the seedline removing unwanted plants and opens around ‘keeper’ plants. Both machines were designed for use in transplanted crops. Given that the transplanted crop plants are initially bigger than germinating weeds, current technology relies on the difference in size between crop plants and weeds early in the crop cycle to distinguish between them. Differences in spectral reflectance of the plants is also used to help distinguish crop plants from weeds. Weed detection technology is developing rapidly and other technologies that are being developed/utilized include deep learning in which images of weeds are used to train the computer to recognize weeds and distinguish them from crop plants. This technology is being used by the Seek & Spray machine, manufactured by Blue River Technology (Mountain View, CA, now part of John Deere Corp.). Crop signaling is another technique being researched by the University of California in which various types of paints, dyes and/or labels are used to mark crop plants making them more readily detectable by automated weeders. Crop/weed recognition is a critical first step in the effective operation of the automated weeders.

The two kill mechanisms in current use have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Split blade machines leave an island of uncultivated soil around the keeper plant. Adjusting the knives to cut closer to the crop plant takes out a greater percentage of weeds, but runs the risk of causing greater damage to crop plants. In four evaluations of split knife machines, there were 5.6% fewer lettuce plants in the split knife cultivated treatments (Table 1). However, based on the skill and experience of the operator, the level of collateral damage and weed control can be managed. In these evaluations, fields cultivated with split knife autoweeders took out about 51.4% of the weeds in the seedline that is left by traditional cultivation and reduced subsequent hand weeding time by 37.1% (Table 1).

The See & Spray autoweeder uses a spray kill mechanism that uses a dot-matrix sprayer that allows for flexible spraying of the seedline around keeper plants. It works by dividing the area to be treated into a grid made up of 0.5 cm x 0.5 cm squares. The computer determines if weed or crop tissue is in each square and decides which squares to treat. This system allows for more pinpoint treatment of weeds and may someday be used to treat weeds in high-density vegetable beds such as spinach and baby lettuce. However, the spray cannot reach under the leaves of the crop plant to take out problematic weeds. It is currently being utilized in cotton where glyphosate resistant weeds are a serious threat to crop production. It is hoped that the Seek & Spray machine will be developed for use on vegetable crops, but vegetable production fields present specific challenges such as greater diversity of crop types and weed species which will require greater development time and investment.

The use of selective herbicide would greatly improve the safety of machines that use a spray kill mechanism and would allow the spray to be applied more closely to the crop plant thereby improving efficacy. It is challenging to find an appropriate selective herbicide for many vegetable

33 crops. Raptor is registered for post emergence use on chicory and we selected it for testing on lettuce, a closely related crop, in 2017. Raptor was compared with Shark which is currently registered for directed post emergence use on lettuce, and is commonly used in lettuce thinning machines. Materials were applied at the concentration used in commercial spray applications and were applied as one droplet/leaf/plant or painted on half a leaf/plant; applications were made in this way to simulate the type of incidental contact that a lettuce plant would encounter with a spray mechanism using the grid method described above. The droplet and half-leaf applications of Raptor had slight chlorosis, while Shark, being a non-selective contact material, caused necrosis to treated tissue (Table 2). There was no statistically significant difference in yield between treatments, but a trend indicates lower yield in the Shark half-leaf treatment.

Autoweeders are being used by commercial growers in the Salinas Valley. They provide a useful measure of weed control in lettuce production. However, they do not remove all weeds and follow up hand weeding must be carried out to get weed control to acceptable levels. However, the subsequent hand weeding operations are quicker and cheaper than non-autoweeded fields. Low to moderate weed populations are necessary to help the machines work effectively; this indicates that a preemergent herbicide is still very important for autoweeders to function effectively with current technology.

Table 1. Evaluation of lettuce stand and number of weeds pre and post mechanical weeding Evaluation Lettuce Weed Weeding treatment Hand Mean timing plants/A plants/A weeding Plant hrs/A wt lbs Pre weeding 37,361 13,591 With autoweeder 6.1 1.73 Post weeding 35,259 6,600 Without auto weeder 9.7 1.90

Table 2. Phytotoxicity and yield of herbicide treatments Treatments Phyto Yield Mean Sept 5 T/A head lbs Raptor Droplet 0.1 22.99 1.78 Raptor Half leaf 0.6 23.90 1.85 Shark Droplet 0.5 22.65 1.75 Shark Half leaf 0.9 21.06 1.63 Untreated 0.0 22.77 1.76 Pr>treat 0.0001 0.6220 --- LSD0.05 0.3 ns ---

Lettuce Weed Management Update. B.Tickes,University of Arizona

Summary The same five herbicides have been used on head and leaf lettuce for more than 40 years. How these herbicides are used, however, has been adapted to changes in irrigation techniques, lettuce types and precision planting. Furrow irrigation is still utilized although sprinkler irrigation during crop establishment has replaced much of this. Planting techniques and equipment have become increasingly precise and there has been a gradual shift from head lettuce to leaf lettuce.

In 2017 the USDA reported that 55% of the lettuce grown in Arizona and California was treated with Pronamide, 11% with Bensulide and 11% with Benefin. Pronamide had commonly been applied preplant on bedtops and incorporated with furrow irrigation. It was found that sprinkler irrigation was was leaching the herbicide below the germinating weeds. In response, much of the Pronamide is now chemigated 2 to 7 days have sprinklers have been turned on. Split applications of Pronamide, 3 to 7 days apart, is also gaining popularity.

Bensulide has also been used on lettuce for many years. It was commonly applied after planting and before irrigation on the bed top. It has been found that Bensulide works best when incorporated with high volumes of sprinkler water and much of it is now chemigated after planting.

Benefin has always been used in combination with either Pronamide or Bensulide. Although it is recommended that it be applied prior to bed formation and mechanically incorporated, many users have found that incorporation into listed bed tops is more effective. This has become a common practice although crop injury is more common.

Effects of Prometryn Applied in Cilantro on Four Following Vegetable Crops. Oleg Daugovish, Anna Howell, Steve Fennimore and John Rachuy (UC ANR)

The issue: It took over a decade to secure the label for prometryn herbicide in cilantro with a lot efficacy and residue work and support efforts that were coming in waves. Now, that we finally have an effective weed control tool for cilantro the questions about plant-back restrictions needed to be addressed.

The project: With support of manufacturer and IR-4 program (addressing minor use crops needing crop protection) UC weed scientists conducted studies to evaluate intervals after prometryn application for safety to four rotational vegetable crops.

Methodology: At Santa Paula and Salinas, CA we applied prometryn at 3.2 and 6.4 pint/A the day after ‘Leisure’ cilantro was seeded and all plots, including untreated controls and all plots were irrigated. The experiments were designed as randomized completed blocks with four replications. At 50-55 days after planting the cilantro was terminated and beds reshaped in preparation for following vegetable crops. At 60, 90 or 120 days after treatment (DAT) with prometryn within each plot we transplanted Brussels sprouts, bell peppers and Napa cabbage or seeded spinach at Santa Paula, while at Salinas both spinach and Napa cabbage were seeded. At both locations we evaluated weed control and injury to rotational vegetables at 2 and 4 weeks after planting them.

Results: At Santa Paula prometryn reduced broadleaf weed number in cilantro 90-95% compared to untreated check, but as expected had no effect on a deep-rooted perennial: field bindweed. No significant injury was observed in any of the following vegetable crops, at all planting dates or herbicide rates. On a scale from 1 (no injury) to 10 (dead plants) we have not exceeded 2 in blind ratings of three staff evaluators in any plots. The stands of seeded spinach had similar number of plants in all plots. This suggested that prometryn applied in cilantro may be safe to these rotational crops in warm clay-loam soil around Santa Paula.

At Salinas, prometryn reduced broadleaf weed numbers in cilantro >99% compared to the untreated check. Results from seeded spinach at 60-DAT are inconclusive, due to problems with background effects but 90 and 120-DAT plantings had no significant injury. Prometryn was safe on seeded Napa cabbage at 60-DAT / 43 days after planting (DAP). No reduction of stand occurred, and only slight injury at the 1.6 (low) and 3.2 lb ai/Ac (high) rates (3.1 and 3.8 ratings, respectively) were observed. Prometryn at 1.6 lb ai/Ac was safe on transplanted Brussels sprouts at 60-DAT / 43-DAP. At the high rate of prometryn, Brussels sprouts showed no reduction in stand, but had moderate injury (4.6 rating). Both rates of prometryn were safe on transplanted bell peppers at 60-DAT, with no stand reduction and only slight injury (1.0 and 2.8 ratings) observed at 43-DAP.

The conclusion from both sides is that: Brussel sprouts, Napa cabbage and bell peppers are safe to transplant as early as 60 days after prometryn application, while 90 days will assure safety of spinach or Napa cabbage if they are grown from seed following prometryn application in previous cilantro crop.

Proper Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Lisa A. Blecker. Pesticide Safety Education Program, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Statewide IPM Program, 2801 Second Street #157, Davis, CA 95618- 7774, [email protected].

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for preventing handler pesticide illnesses. A review of the Pesticide Illness Surveillance Program (PISP) database between 2005 and 2014 showed eye injury occurred in 55% of all handler illness cases (either alone or in combination with other symptoms/injuries). Skin injury occurred in 28% of all these cases (either alone or in combination with other symptoms/injuries). Thirty-two percent of all handler pesticide illnesses were due to failure to wear the appropriate PPE.

Pesticides can enter the body through four routes – eyes, mouth, nose, and skin. Proper use and selection of PPE is necessary to protect against pesticide entry through each of these routes. The minimum required PPE for employees handling pesticides in California is detailed in the California Code of Regulation (3 CCR 6738) and is often more strict than PPE listed on pesticide labels. For example, Section 6738 specifies that chemical resistant gloves and protective eyewear are required for most handling tasks, and that coveralls are required when handlers are applying pesticides with a WARNING or DANGER signal word.

Agricultural pesticide product labels reference the required glove materials on labels, either by specifying the name (e.g., nitrile, butyl, etc.) or the code (A through H). The California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) developed a wallet-sized Glove Category Selection Key to help label readers identify the correct glove material for their situation. The Safe and Effective Use of Pesticides, 3rd Ed., provides details on different PPE materials, and how to select, store, and care for PPE. These resources, coupled with product information from PPE distributers, allow pesticide handlers to make more informed PPE selections.

Respiratory Protection - A How to Demonstration. Emma R. Wilson, Associate Industrial Hygienist and Harvard R Fong CIH, Senior Industrial Hygienist, Industrial Hygiene Services, Worker Health and Safety Branch, Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA [email protected] and [email protected].

Respiratory protection is required on many pesticide labels, but respiratory protection is not simply donning a mask and continuing to work. Both the Department of Industrial Relations (Cal/OSHA) and the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) require very detailed procedures and documentation for a respiratory protection program. There are certain activities, operations, and equipment that we will emphasis in this presentation. We will discuss the elements of a respirator, including cartridges and filters; the operation of air-purifying respirators (APR); the three major types of APR face pieces; the conditions of voluntary respirator use; the types of fit tests (qualitative vs. quantitative); the requirements of both facepiece seal protection and user seal checks; potential IDLH atmosphere conditions; end of service life criteria; and elements of a training program. Though not a respiratory protection training program, this demonstration will touch on the more worker-oriented elements of respiratory protection.

Online Training to Help You Comply with Personal Protective Equipment and Respiratory Protection Requirements—A New Resource from the University of California Statewide IPM Program. Cheryl A. Reynolds, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Statewide IPM Program, 2801 Second Street, Davis, CA 95618 ([email protected])

Pesticides have the potential to cause injury or illness to anyone working with them. Repeated exposure over long periods of time, or even just a one-time incident of overexposure, can pose human health hazards. Wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) reduces a person’s exposure to pesticides. The UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program (UC IPM) has developed a new online course on the proper use of PPE. The purpose of this course is to provide information to all pesticide handlers and their supervisors so that they can follow specific label instructions and the California Code of Regulations (CCR). By the end of the course, learners should be able to demonstrate how to select the proper PPE, use it, remove it, and dispose of it or clean and store it before, during, and after each incidence of pesticide handling and application. The course includes sections on pesticide exposure and PPE requirements as listed on the label and found in the CCR. Photos and illustrations show various types of PPE equipment. Several how-to videos demonstrate the proper way equipment should be worn and removed. Ungraded quizzes, animated sequences, and interactions are spaced throughout the course to help learners stay engaged in the presentation. A final test must be passed with 70% correct or higher in order to receive a certificate of completion and obtain continuing education hours. UC IPM strives to provide high-quality, accurate content while continuously improving instructional design, accessibility, and visual aspects to stay up with current trends in the e-learning industry.

Upcoming Changes to the Worker Protection Standard. Emily D. Bryson. California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA. ([email protected]).

In California, recent changes to the federal Worker Protection Standard (WPS) prompted the California Department of Pesticide Regulation to update applicable subsections of Title 3 of the California Code of Regulations in accordance. The WPS is aimed at protecting agricultural workers and pesticide handlers from occupational injury and pesticide-related illness by providing a number of protections and requiring employers to inform workers of their rights and the hazards associated with their job. California’s worker protection regulations were revised to comply with the WPS by expanding protections for agricultural workers and pesticide handlers. The vast majority of the changes were implemented in January, 2017, but a few additional requirements will go into effect in March, 2018. Though the majority of the 2018 changes are minimal, the most extensive change expands safety training content for fieldworkers and handlers to include additional topics meant to imbue safety culture to protect both workers and their families, clarify the employer’s responsibilities, and empower workers to protect themselves.

Best Practices to Keep Pesticides out of Water. Samuel S. Sandoval, Professor and Cooperative Extension Specialist in Water Resources, UC Davis and UC Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1 Shields Ave. Dept. LAWR, Bldg. PES 1111, Davis, CA, 95616 [email protected]

What is Hydrology? How can we keep pesticides out of water? This presentation describes basic concepts of hydrology, from main climatic drivers such as Atmospheric Rivers, to how water moves in the landscape, as well as surface water and groundwater interactions. This presentation provides best management practices on how to keep any contaminant (including pesticides) out of our water, such as storing, loading and manipulating any pesticide over an impermeable layer and 100 feet away from any stream or well. The objective of this presentation is to make available the fundamental knowledge regarding Hydrology and how to keep our water free of contaminants.

DPR’s Cannabis Program – Where We Are and Where We Are Going. Rachel Kubiak. California Department of Pesticide Regulation. ([email protected])

California began regulating medicinal cannabis following the passage of Prop 215 in 1996. Following the passage of Prop 64, California became one of a handful of states legalizing both medicinal and adult use cannabis. Three main agencies regulate cannabis cultivation, manufacture, distribution, transportation, sale, and use: the Department of Consumer Affairs’ Bureau of Cannabis Control (Bureau), the Department of Public Health, and the Department of Food and Agriculture. While the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) is not drafting cannabis specific regulations, all current laws and regulations under its authority must be followed. DPR has provided residue guidance to the Bureau and will continue to update that guidance as more information becomes available. DPR communicates regularly with county agricultural commissioners to discuss policy guidance and has drafted some initial pesticide guidance for both commissioners and cannabis cultivators. Pesticide regulation regarding cannabis cultivation is a complex issue and will continue to evolve over time.

The Impact of Salinity on Invasive Aquatic Weed Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and its Biological Control Agent Neochetina bruchi. Emily Nicole Bick*1, C. Nansen1. 1University of California, Davis, CA, USA. *[email protected]

South American invasive species water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is the world’s most economically damaging aquatic weed species. In the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta), water hyacinth jeopardizes an estimated $27 billion of agricultural production and 25 million people’s drinking water through clogged waterways. Additionally, water hyacinths are associated with an increase in evapotranspiration, reduction in endemic aquatic species, loss of agricultural irrigation water, and increase in prevalence of the West Nile Virus mosquito vector. Control of water hyacinths is possible through the integration of mechanical, chemical and biological agents. Specifically, Neochetina buchi can be used in conjunction with mechanical harvesting and select herbicide sprays to reduce and maintain water hyacinth populations. However, the Delta’s complex and highly dynamic ecosystem, with tidal influence, urban pollution, erosion, and agricultural runoff have caused challenges for the success of implementing an integrated pest management strategy. Although successful elsewhere, N. bruchi, established in the Delta in 1926, has been unsuccessful at reducing the water hyacinth population. This study examines the impact of salinity on water hyacinths and N. bruchi as a contributing factor for the biological control’s limited success in the Delta.

Weed vs. Crop Differentiation Using Crop Marking Systems. HannahJoy Kennedy*1, Steven A. Fennimore1, John S. Rachuy1, David C. Slaughter2, & Thuy Tuong Nguyen2. 1 UC-Davis, Dep. of Plant Sciences, Salinas, CA, 93905; 2 UC Davis, Dep. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Davis, CA, 95616. *Corresponding author Increasing weed control costs threaten vegetable crop grower profitability due to labor shortages, rising labor expense, as well as lack of and loss of herbicides. Automated weed control systems can help to contain or decrease weed control costs. Traditional inter-row mechanical cultivation is not sufficient, as it does not remove weeds within the seed line at early growth periods when competition for nutrients, water and light is critical. Thus, intra-row hand weeding is necessary, but increasingly expensive. Current intra-row weeders commercially available do not differentiate between crops and weeds, but rather rely on row pattern recognition. The row-pattern recognition systems are problematic where weed populations are high and the row pattern cannot be detected. In these weedy situations, the machines cease to function or cause damage to the crop. We are testing three methods to mark crops to make them distinct from weeds and detectable by a mechanized weeder: 1) Systemic Markers, 2) Topical Markers, 3) Plant Labels. The goal of the project is to develop automated weed control systems that achieve significant reductions in need for hand weeding and herbicides while maintaining a practical and cost-effective weed control system.

Bearded Sprangletop Adaptation to Flooding in California Rice. Katie E. Driver*, Amar Godar, Alex Ceseski, Mike Lee, and Kassim Al Khatib. University of California, Davis. *Corresponding author ([email protected])

Bearded sprangletop (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fasicularis (Lam.) N. Snow) is a problematic weed in California rice production. Flooding was thought to suppress bearded sprangletop growth, however after many years of continuous rice production, anecdotal evidence suggests that bearded sprangletop populations can tolerate flood pressures. A study was conducted at the Rice Research Station in Biggs, CA to test the flooding tolerance of two populations against three irrigation methods. The study implemented a split block factorial design with sprangletop population being factor 1 and irrigation method being factor 2. The irrigation methods were 1) 4 in. (10 cm) continuous flood; 2) 8 in. (20 cm) continuous flood and; 3) 2 in. (5 cm) flood. The two bearded sprangletop populations tested consisted of one clomazone resistant and one susceptible population. There was no emergence of bearded sprangletop in the 8 in. flood depth of either population. With a continuous 4 in. flood, only the resistant population survived flooding pressure and produced significantly more tillers and seed than any other treatment- population combination tested. This suggests that there may be a fitness advantage related to clomazone resistance, however further testing is needed to confirm this.

Population Genetics of the Agricultural Weed Palmer Amaranth By May N Yang1 and Dr. Katherine Waselkov2, California State University, Fresno1, 2 [email protected]

It is common to find agriculture weeds causing the significant loss of crop yield, due to most weeds being competitive on gathering resources than most crop plant; thus, chemical herbicide is one of the effective control method that are commonly used. Amaranthis palmeri (Palmer Amaranth) is the most agricultural problematic species and has become resistant to chemical herbicide within the six different biological pathways. This makes it difficult to control the weed Palmer amaranth. There has been agricultural research focused on genetic mutation that cause resistance mechanism in this species, but there isn’t any genetic investigation of the species expansion in the desert Southwest and in the eastern U.S. and Central California, which invades into agricultural field. There is also no progress of genetic framework for a population that can relate neutral genetic variation to agriculturally-adaptive genetic variation that is herbicide resistance. Recently, Palmer amaranth seeds and leaf samples were collected in the population of southwestern U.S. and will be in the process of genotyping-by-sequencing analysis which will be perform by researchers at the University of Illinois. Calculation of genetic diversity and structure metric for Palmer amaranth across its native range will be study at CSU, Fresno for subsequent bioinformatics analysis. Another experiment that will take place in CSU, Fresno is a comparative ecophysiology with seeds that are collected from the expeditions and will be take place in the greenhouse. These investigation is to understand the processes that influence plant to become aggressive weeds, and propose possible control methods to mitigate this major economic setback in agriculture.

Characterizing the Expression of Candidate Genes for Herbicide Resistance in the Agricultural Weed Hairy Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis). Priyanka Chaudhari*1, Diana Camarena2, and Katherine Waselkov2.1 Biotechnology Department, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA, 2 Plant Physiology Department, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA, 2 Biology Department, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA.*2 Diana Camarena ([email protected]), *2 Katherine Waselkov ([email protected])

Herbicide resistance is the heritable ability of weeds to survive and reproduce in the presence of herbicide doses that are lethal to the wild type of the species. Erigeron bonariensis is an agricultural weed that infests orchards and crop fields in California’s Central Valley, and has become resistant to the herbicide chemical glyphosate (RoundUp®), through an unknown genetic mechanism. One mechanism of glyphosate resistance demonstrated in E. canadensis, a close relative of E. bonariensis, is non-target site reduced translocation of the herbicide, in which vacuolar sequestration prevents the chemical from spreading around the plant. Resistance of Erigeron canadensis to glyphosate is believed to involve upregulation of the target gene EPSPS in combination with the ABC transporter genes M10 and M11. This study aims to determining through quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA-Seq if these genes provide the mechanism for glyphosate resistance in wild populations of Erigeron bonariensis, and/or if there are other genes responsible for the observed glyphosate resistance. Sample leaves of the weed were collected before and after glyphosate spraying in plants from 10 different populations wild-collected from the Central Valley and two control populations of Erigeron bonariensis. Response to glyphosate was used to characterize percent resistance for each wild-collected population. RNA was extracted from the leaves of glyphosate-treated and untreated individuals, and used for cDNA synthesis. Quantitative PCR primers were designed for the E. bonariensis orthologues of the E. canadensis genes EPSPS, ABC M10, and ABC M11, and pre- and post-spraying expression levels of each gene (relative to the housekeeping gene actin) are currently being analyzed through qPCR. This experiment will establish whether the same candidate genes are involved in the glyphosate resistance response in E. bonariensis compared to its relative, and among E. bonariensis populations. Future RNA-Seq analysis via Illumina HiSeq may reveal other genes that are differentially up- or down-regulated in resistant populations of E. bonariensis after glyphosate exposure. Determination of the genetic basis of herbicide resistance will provide fundamental data about parallel evolution in response to strong selection pressures, and help suggest alternative mechanisms for field control of this weed.

Biological Control of Cirsium arvense with the Use of Puccinia punctiformis Fungus. Sunny Brucker, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo [email protected] Cirsium arvense, also known as California Thistle or Canada Thistle, has been found to be one of the most noxious weeds present in agricultural land across Canada and the United States (Skinner et al. 2000). Despite a wide range of biological control predators to this plant, most have proven to be ineffective in widespread use (Taru 2008). One such agent that deserves further research attention is that of Puccinia punctiformis, a rust fungus whose only known host has been found to be Cirsium arvense (Taru 2008). Infection of the fungus to the plant typically occurs systemically at sites of active root bud growth by means of rust teliospores (Frantzen 1994). A study was conducted in order to better understand the germination requirements of teliospores in hopes of finding optimal conditions for the use of P. punctiformis as a biological agent against C. arvense. It was found that these sites of active root bud development occur in temperature ranges between 5 C and 30 C (Frantzen 1994). The temperature effects on the germination of P. punctiformis teliospores were studied as well at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, and 20 C. Optimal rates of teliospore germination were determined to occur at the 10 and 15 C level, which fits in the temperature range of active root bud growth for C. arvense (Frantzen 1994). Results from this study may be utilized when considering the proper timing and application of P. punctiformis to maximize the chances of infection into the susceptible C. arvense host plant.

California Weed Science Society Financial Report July 1, 2017 through May 22, 2018

Ordinary Income/Expense Income 4000 · Registration Income 104,434.90 4001 · Membership Income 1,295.00 4020 · Exhibit Income 24,000.00 4030 · Sponsor Income 11,550.00 4040 · CWSS Textbook Income 941.97 4065 · Orchid Fundraiser 712.00

Total Income 142,933.87 Gross Profit 142,933.87 Expense 4300 · Conference Accreditation 175.00 4320 · Conference Catering Expense 53,835.42 4330 · Conference Equipment Expense 6,407.65 4360 · Student Awards/Poster Expense 2,200.00 4361 · Awards-Board/Special Recog. 205.11 4370 · Scholarship Expense 8,000.00 4380 · Conference Supplies 1,403.74 6090 · Advertising 1,500.00 6105 · Merchant Services Fees 6,344.36 6130 · Board Meeting Expenses 1,536.71 6135 · President's Reception 500.00 6240 · Insurance - General 3,377.00 6270 · Legal & Accounting 880.00 6280 · Mail Box Rental Expense 90.00 6300 · Office Expense 35.30 6307 · Outside Services - PAPA 43,332.14 6340 · Postage/Shipping Expense 72.24 6345 · Printing Expense 593.23 6355 · Website Expense 2,087.50 6440 · Office Supplies Expense 206.49 6530 · Travel - Transport/Lodging 3,040.44 6540 · Travel - Meals/Entertainment 67.55 6545 · Student Travel - Transport/Lodg 2,053.93 6550 · Student Travel - Meals 185.07 6555 · Speaker Lodging/Travel Expense 2,349.33 6570 · Miscellaneous 99.59

Total Expense 140,577.80 Net Ordinary Income 2,356.07 Net Income 2,356.07

Edward Jones Investment Account Balance as of 5/22/18 - $350,063

CWSS HONORARY MEMBERS LISTING

Harry Agamalian (1983) Jim Koehler Norman Akesson (1998) Butch Kreps (1987) Floyd Ashton (1990) Edward Kurtz (1992) Alvin Baber (1995) Art Lange (1986) Walter Ball * Wayne T. Lanini (2011) Dave Bayer (1986) Michelle Le Strange (2015) Carl E. Bell (2010) J. Robert C. Leavitt (2010) Lester Berry Oliver Leonard * Tim Butler (2008) Judy Letterman (2017) Mick Canevari (2008) Jim McHenry * Don Colbert (2002) Bob Meeks Floyd Colbert (1987) Bob Mullen (1996) Stephen Colbert (2012) Robert Norris (2002) Alden Crafts * Ralph Offutt Marcus Cravens * Steve Orloff (2017)* Dave Cudney (1998) Jack Orr (1999) Richard Dana * Ruben Pahl (1990) Boysie Day * Martin Pruett Nate Dechoretz (2003) Murray Pryor * Jim Dewlen (1979)* Richard Raynor Paul Dresher * Howard Rhoads * Ken Dunster (1993)* Jesse Richardson (2000) Matt Elhardt (2005) John Roncoroni (2018) Clyde Elmore (1994) Ed Rose (1991)* Bill Fischer * Conrad Schilling * Dick Fosse * Jack Schlesselman (1999) Tad Gantenbein (2004) Vince Schweers (2003) Rick Geddes (2006) Deb Shatley (2009) George Gowgani Conrad Skimina (2003) * Bill Harvey * Leslie Sonder * David Haskell (2009) Stan Strew* F. Dan Hess (2001)* Huey Sykes (1989) Floyd Holmes (1979) Tom Thomson (1999) Nelroy Jackson (1997) Robert Underhill Scott A. Johnson (2013) Lee VanDeren (1983) * Warren Johnson (1977)* Ron Vargas (2001) Harold Kempen (1988) Stan Walton (1988) * Bruce Kidd (2009) Bryant Washburn (1988) Don Koehler (2003) Steve Wright (2007)

*Deceased

CWSS AWARD OF EXCELLENCE MEMBERS LISTING

1985 June McCaskell, Jack Schlesselman & Tom Yutani 1986 Harry Agamalian, Floyd Colbert & Ed Rose 1987 Bruce Ames, Pam Jones, & Steve Orloff 1988 Bill Clark & Linda Romander 1989 Earl Suber 1990 Ron Hanson & Phil Larson 1991 John Arvik & Elin Miller 1992 Don Colbert & Ron Kelley 1993 Ron Vargas 1994 Jim Cook & Robert Norris 1995 Mick Canevari & Rich Waegner 1996 Galen Hiett & Bill Tidwell 1997 David Haskell & Louis Hearn 1998 Jim Helmer & Jim Hill 1999 Joe DiTomaso 2000 Kurt Hembree 2001 Steven Fennimore, Wanda Graves & Scott Steinmaus 2002 Carl Bell & Harry Kline 2003 Dave Cudney & Clyde Elmore* 2004 Michelle LeStrange & Mark Mahady 2005 Scott Johnson & Richard Smith 2006 Bruce Kidd, Judy Letterman & Celeste Elliott 2007 Barry Tickes & Cheryl Wilen 2008 Dan Bryant & Will Crites 2008 Ken Dunster* & Ron Vargas* 2009 Ellen Dean & Wayne T. Lanini 2010 Lars W.J. Anderson & Stephen F. Colbert 2011 Jennifer Malcolm & Hugo Ramirez 2012 Rob Wilson 2013 Rick Miller 2014 Carl Bell*, Brad Hanson & Anil Shrestha 2015 Deb Shatley & Barry Tickes 2016 Steven Fennimore 2017 Steven D. Wright* 2018 Kassim Al-Khatib & Scott Stoddard

*President’s Award for Lifetime Achievement in Weed Science

JOE ALEXANDER TROY ABRAHAMSON HARRY AGAMALIAN NORTH RANCH COUNTRY CLUB CALTRANS UCCE EMERITUS 5052 Collinswood Pl 1120 N St 6 San Carlos Dr Thousand Oaks, 91360 Sacramento, CA 95814 Salinas, CA 93901 [email protected] [email protected]

TONY ALVAREZ MICHAEL ANDREW JORGE ANGELES PCA CLARK PEST CONTROL CSU FRESNO 1203 Corbett Canyon Rd 555 N Guild Ave 1338 E San Ramon Ave Apt H Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 Lodi, CA 95240 Fresno, CA 93710 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MATTHEW ARMSON JOE ARMSTRONG RICHARD ATMORE DOW DUPONT DOW AGROSCIENCES R.A. ATMORE & SONS, INC. 9330 Zionsville Rd 1945 Carolina Ave 2977 Sexton Canyon Rd Indianapolis, CA 46268 Clovis, CA 93611 Ventura, CA 93003 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ALBERT AVILA BRUCE BADZIK FERNANDO BAESSO FRIANT WATER AUTHORITY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BAYER 12354 Rd 268 201 Fort Mason 266 S Monroe Porterville, CA 93257 San Francisco, CA 94123 Fresno, CA 93706 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

GREG BALDWIN JOE BALLMER CARL BANNON AG RX SYNGENTA DUPONT CROP PROTECTION 609 South Depot 207 Marsh Hawk Dr 550 W Alluvial Ave Santa Maria, CA 93458 Folsom, CA 95630 Fresno, CA 93711 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

GERARDO BANUELOS ANTHONY BARBEIRO THOMAS BARKLEY HELENA CHEMICAL R & D CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES DIVERSIFIED WATERSCAPES, INC. PO Box 1263 7740 Houston Ave 27324 Camino Capistrano #213 Hanford, CA 93232 Hanford, CA 93230 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DIRK BARNARD DAVE BATCHELDER NATHANIEL BATTIG ORO AGRI, INC. DOT - DISTRICT 9 CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 2788 S Maple Ave 500 S Main St 1137 Princeton Ave Fresno, CA 93725 Bishop, CA 93514 Modesto, CA 95350 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MIKE BATTLES TRAVIS BEAN CHARLENE BEDAL LOWER TULE RIVER IRRIG DIST UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HELM AGRO US 357 E Olive Ave 900 University Ave 714 E 7th Place Tipton, CA 93272 Riverside, CA 92521 Mesa, AZ 85203 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

PAMELA BEITZ CARL BELL LATRES BELL EAST BAY PARKS UCCE EMERITUS Alpharetta, GA 2950 Peralta Oaks Ct 7969 Auberge Cir [email protected] Oakland, CA 94605 San Diego, CA 92127 [email protected] [email protected]

PATRICK BELL BRAD BELL EMILY BICK DOW AGROSCIENCES UPI UC DAVIS 11877 Douglas Rd Ste 102-221 549 Dale Ave 405 Scripps Dr Alpharetta, GA 30005 Yuba City, CA 95993 Davis, CA 95616 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MIKE BISCIEGLIA ALAN BISHOP CINDY BISHOP BAYER MONSANTO UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. 1735 E Hertman Ave 2370 Erling Way 2370 Erling Wy La Center, CA 95629 Kingsburg, CA 93631 Kingsburg, CA 93631 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

LISA BLECKER CHRIS BLODGET DAVE BLODGET UC IPM CPS TIMBERLAND ALLIGARE LLC 2801 2nd St 2875 Upland Dr 3300 Nord Ave Davis, CA 95618 Chico, CA 95973 Bakersfield, CA 93314 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JEFFREY BODDE LOUIS BODDY MIKE BORCHARD CALTRANS MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS GROWERS AG SERVICE 703 B St 1540 Drew Ave 1988 Fisher Ln Marysville, CA 95901 Davis, CA 95618 Woodland, CA 95776 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JACK BRAMKAMP JOSE BRASIL TOM BRAST CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES SOILFUME, INC. BUTTONWILLOW WAREHOUSE CO. 578 Conestoga Rd 974 Friguglietti Ave 560 Champion Ln San Dimas, CA 91773 Los Banos, CA 93635 Templeton, CA 93465 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ROBERT BRENTON TOM BRIDLER THOMAS (CASEY) BRIERLEY BRENTON VMS, LLC 554 Delia Ct EAST BAY PARKS PO Box 1399 Merced, CA 95348 2950 Peralta Oaks Ct Folsom, CA 95763 [email protected] Oakland, CA 94605 [email protected] [email protected]

WHITNEY BRIM-DEFOREST JOEL BRINKMAN MATTHEW BROCK UCCE SEPRO CORPORATION SOLANO IRRIGATION DISTRICT 142A Garden Hwy 11550 N Meridian St Ste 600 810 Vacaville Pkwy Ste 201 Yuba City, CA 95991 Carmel, IN 46032 Vacaville, CA 95688 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MATHREW BRONSON SUNNY BRUCKER DAVID BRYSON USDA - NRCS CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPO VALLEY FRESH FOODS INC. PO Box 68 2076 Cypress Street PO Box 910 Lockford, CA 95237 San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 Turlock, CA 95381 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

EMILY BRYSON HENRY BUCKWALTER KEITH BUNGO CDPR FMC CORPORATION WELL PICT, INC. 804 Steel Ln PO Box 218 5201 Strong Cir West Sacramento, CA 95691 Cool, CA 95614 Watsonville, CA 95076 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

TODD BURKDOLL CASEY BUTLER DAVE BYNUM VALENT USA, LLC BAYER BYNUM AG 2461 North Demaree 1595 Blackberry Ave 1499 N Rogers Ave Visalia, CA 93291 Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 Clovis, CA 93619 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SERGIO CABRERA JOSE CABRERA-MOTTA KEVIN CAFFREY PETER RABBIT FARMS BAYER US BASF 79395 Calle Palmeto 2491 Alluvial #64 2144 Lakeshore Dr Apt 32B La Quinta, CA 92253 Clovis, CA 93611 Ridgeland, MS 39157 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DIANA CAMARENA AMBER CANDELA-COONEY MICK CANEVARI CAL STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO DWR UCCE 5587 N Avocado Ln 5280 Bruns Rd 4360 N Alpine Rd Fresno, CA 93711 Byron, CA 94514 Stockton, CA 95215 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DAVE CANNELLA ANDREW CARRIGER NINO CARVALHO SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS DOW DUPONT NINO CARVALHO AG SPRAYING 8961 Road 272 8021 NW Lakeview Dr 7696 S James Rd Terra Bella, CA 93270 Kansas City, MO 64152 Tranquillity, CA 93668 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

VINCENT CARVALHO MAX CASSIE PATRICK CAVANAUGH COUNTY OF SONOMA EYNON MANAGEMENT CALIFORNIA AG TODAY RADIO 2175 Airport Blvd 600 Airport Rd 2191 Decatur Ave Santa Rosa, CA 95403 Oceanside, CA 92058 Clovis, CA 93611 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

VICTOR CAVAZOS KELLY CECIL ALEX CESESKI KERN DELTA WATER DISTRICT NUFARM AMERICAS UC DAVIS 501 Taft Hwy 3647 Pacini St PO Box 72841 Bakersfield, CA 93307 Bakersfield, CA 93314 Davis, CA 95617 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JIM CHAMBERS RILEY CHANEY SCOTT CHASE SAN BERNARDINO CO AG/WTS & MEAS RILEY CHANEY FARMS 14108 Ave 320 777 E Rialto Ave 4712 N Van Ness Blvd Visalia, CA 93292 San Bernardino, CA 92415 Fresno, CA 93704 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

PRIYANKA CHAUDHARI DAVID CHEETHAM JAMES CHEETHAM CAL STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO HELENA CHEMICAL CO R & D HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY 1680 E Barstow Ave 3155 Southgate Ln 3155 Southgate Ln Fresno, CA 93710 Chico, CA 95928 Chico, CA 95928 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

BEN CHEN GREG CHIOSSI SARAH CLARKE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS, INC. COUNTY OF SONOMA DIVERSIFIED WATERSCAPES, INC. 345 Industrial Way 2175 Airport Blvd 27324 Camino Capistrano #213 Benicia, CA 94510 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

CHRIS CLEMENS IRMA CLEVENGER STEPHEN COLBERT SYNGENTA DWR DUPONT CROP PROTECTION 1616 Venice Ln 31770 Gonzaga Rd 1413 Sierra Dr Richland, WA 99352 Gustine, CA 95322 Escalon, CA 95320 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

STEPHEN COLBERT LAURIE CONSTABLE VICTOR CONTRERAS DOW DUPONT ROMEO PACKING GROVE CARE, INC. 1413 Sierra Dr 1034 Palermo Dr PO Box 1268 Escalon, CA 95320 Santa Barbara, CA 93105 Ojai, CA 93024 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

CYNTHIA COSSI FRANK COSTA MICHAEL COX VALLEY LANDSCAPES OCEAN VIEW FLOWERS BASF 4325B Orange Grove Ave 2200 Drum Canyon Rd 1536 E Princeton Ct Sacramento, CA 95841 Lompoc, CA 93436 Visalia, CA 93292 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ROBERT CRISTE CURTIS CROSBY JIM CROSBY LONZA DOT - DISTRICT 9 CPS TIMBERLAND 181 Savannah Woods Dr 500 S Main St 2705 Cedar Hollow Rd Newnan, GA 30263 Bishop, CA 93514 Georgetown, TX 78628 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

WES CROXEN HELEN CRUMPLER KENNETH DAWES ALLIGARE, LLC BRANDT CONSOLIDATED J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY PO Box 1175 PO Box 35000 21101 Bear Mountain Blvd Madera, CA 93639 Fresno, CA 93745 Bakersfield, CA 93389 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

BRIAN DEETER STEVE DEITZ GIL DEL ROSARIO GOWAN COMPANY SAWTOOTH AG RESEARCH DOW DUPONT 35124 Qualls Prather Rd PO Box 314 14781 Livingston Way Auberry, CA` 93602 Woodlake, CA 93286 Tustin, CA 92780 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MICHELLE DENNIS PRATAP DEVKOTA JARED DIDLER CDFA UCCE IMPERIAL COUNTY BUTTE COLLEGE Sacramento, CA 1050 Holten Rd Westwood, CA 96137 [email protected] Holtville, CA 92250 [email protected] [email protected]

STEVE DOLAR NEIL DONAT ROBERT DONLEY COUNTY OF SONOMA SPRAYTEC SELF EMPLOYED 2175 Airport Blvd PO Box 2951 2107 Pepperdale Dr Santa Rosa, CA 95403 Livermore, CA 94551 Rowland Heights, CA 91748 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MIKE DRAPER KATIE DRIVER JON DRUCKS SANTA MARIA VALLEY CROP SVC UC DAVIS HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY PO Box 950 Rocklin, CA 95695 PO Box 1263 Santa Maria, CA 93456 [email protected] Hanford, CA 93232 [email protected] [email protected]

DICK DUBEY BOB DUFFEY DAVID DUNGY SPRAYTEC DWR - FLOOD MGMT DIVISION WESTCO GROUP, INC. [email protected] 3310 El Camino Ave Ste 200 PO Box 770 Sacramento, CA 95021 Shaver Lake, CA 93664 [email protected] [email protected]

DANIEL DUNHAM GREG DUNN JESS DURAN RETIRED WEST COAST TURF SLDMWA 427 E Michigan 1106 S Quincy Dr PO Box 2157 Fresno, CA 93704 Turlock, CA 95380 Los Banos, CA 93635 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

HANAN EIZENBERG KIRK ELHOLM SHANEY EMERSON NEWE YA'AR RESEARCH CENTER BOLTHOUSE FARMS HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY PO Box 1021 7200 E Brundage Ln 3100 Orange Grove Ave Ramat Yishay, Israel 30095 Bakersfield, CA 93307 North Highlands, CA 95660 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SHANEY EMERSON TREVOR EVANS DALE EVENSON HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY CALTRANS FARM SUPPLY COMPANY 1075 Big Ben Rd PO Box 7294 7455 Casey Dr Lincoln, CA 95648 Chico, CA 95927 San Miguel, CA 93451 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MIKE EYNON STEVE FENNIMORE KIT FLOM EYNON MANAGEMENT UC DAVIS RETIRED 600 Airport Rd 1636 E Alisal St 249 S Pacific Ave Oceanside, CA 92058 Salinas, CA 93905 Ventura, CA 93001 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DAN FOREY LORIANNE FOUGHT JIM FOWLER EUROFINS AGROSCIENCE J.R. SIMPLOT CO. CALTRANS 465 E Sample Ave 11856 Road 29 4821 Adohr Ln Fresno, CA 93657 Madera, CA 93630 Camarillo, CA 93012 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

NEAL FRIESEN DAVID FRYE KENNETH GABRIELSON QUALITECH CO TAMMINCO LLC US SSJID 3135 Holly Ave 17657 River Run Rd PO Box 747 Clovis, CA 93611 Salinas, CA 93908 Ripon, CA 95366 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MARIANO GALLA LIBERTY GALVIN STEVE GAMBLE UCCE GLENN, BUTTE & TEHAMA COUNTIES UC DAVIS BAYER 821 E South St 700 N St 2421 20th Ave Orland, CA 95963 Davis, CA 95616 Kingsburg, CA 93631 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

TAD GANTENBEIN RAFAEL GARCIA JR CHERYL GARTNER RETIRED TULARE COUNTY UCCE SAN JOAQUIN CO 1608 McClaren Dr 4437 S Laspina St Ste A 1413 Sierra Dr Carmichael, CA 95608 Tulare, CA 93274 Escalon, CA 95320 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

CATHERINE GAULT BRADY GERGOVICH ERIC GERMINO KITSON LANDSCAPE MGMT SAN BERNARDINO CO AG/WTS & MEAS 736 Bluff Dr 5088 Rhoads Ave 777 E Rialto Ave Los Banos, CA 93635 Santa Barbara, CA 93111 San Bernardino, CA 92415 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SETH GERSDORF THOMAS GETTS CHRIS GIANNINI HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY UCCE LASSEN FMC CORPORATION 235 NE 61st Ave #36 707 Nevada St 3505 W Victor Ave Portland, OR 97213 Susanville, CA 96130 Visalia, CA 93277 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

CELESTE GILBERT GARRETT GILCREASE MAX GILLEY UPI SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION SEPRO CORPORATION 2212 E 8th St 13970 Granite Cir 11550 N Meridian St Ste 600 Davis, CA 95618 Hanford, CA 93230 Carmel, IN 46032 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

KADE GIUDICI JEFF GLEAVES BRIAN GLENN HEARNE COMPANY AG UNLIMITED/LYMAN WESTHILL ENVIRONMENTAL [email protected] PO Box 198 360 E 1st St Kelseyville, CA 95451 Tustin, CA 92780 [email protected] [email protected]

NICK GONZALES ANGEL GONZALEZ JOE GONZALEZ TRICAL 63251 Argyle Rd DWR 171 Westside Rd King City, CA 93930 1111 Gromer Ave Hollister, CA 95023 [email protected] Wasco, CA 93280 [email protected] [email protected]

KENNY GONZALEZ DAVID GOODRICH JOHN GRACIA CALTRANS CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES PO Box 1218 691 S Tustin Ave 2520 Skyway Dr Ste B Nipomo, CA 93444 Orange, CA 92866 Santa Maria, CA 93455 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MIKE GRAY STUART GRAY ROBERT GROVER CITY OF FAIRFIELD SIERRA PACIFIC INDUSTRIES 2501 Ladd Rd 420 Gregory Ln 8246 Churn Creek Rd Modesto, CA 95356 Fairfield, CA 94533 Redding, CA 96002 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

STEVE GROVES DOUGLAS GRUPE ALAN HAACK GRIMMWAY FARMS HARVEY LYMAN COMPANY NUFARM AMERICAS 4800 University Ave 8063 Monte Vista Dr 1571 Misty Wood Dr Bakersfield, CA 93306 Linden, CA 95236 Roseville, CA 95747 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DAVID HAAS MICHAEL HAILE GREG HALLQUIST CAL FIRE LINWOOD SUPPLY, INC. ORO AGRI, INC. 2534 Occidental Circle PO Box 463 9833 Pattycake Ct Riverside, CA 92507 Dixon, CA 95620 Elk Grove, CA 95624 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JERAD HAMILTON BONNIE HANSEN MARK HANSEN CLARK PEST CONTROL 710 Catalina Dr CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 555 N Guild Ave Livermore, CA 94550 328 7th Ave Lodi, CA 95340 [email protected] Seaside, CA 97183 [email protected] [email protected]

DAVE HANSON RON HARDING MICHAEL HARDOY 24151 Ventura Blvd HARDING FARMING L.A. HEARNE CO. Calabasas, CA 91302 242 N Harding Rd 512 Metz Rd [email protected] Modesto, CA 95357 King City, CA 93930 [email protected] [email protected]

CINDY HARRIS LEIGH ANN HARRISON WILL HARRISON J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY BASF TARGET SPECIALTY 27922 S. Dairy Avenue 5132 N Palm Ave #65 14861 Laurelgrove Cir Corcoran, CA 93212 Fresno, CA 93704 Irvine, CA 97604 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

WILL HATLER JEANETTE HEINRICHS JOHN HELM DOW DUPONT VAN BEURDEN INSURANCE SVCS, INC. WESTERN AG RESEARCH PROS 3022 S Bailey Way PO Box 67 481 W Audubon Dr #218 Meridian, ID 83642 Kingsburg, CA 93631 San Jose, CA 93711 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MATT HELM KURT HEMBREE MATT HERZFELDT MONTEREY PACIFIC UCCE FRESNO COUNTY 827 Golden Oak Dr 40410 Arroyo Seco Rd 5502 N McCall Lodi, CA 95242 Soledad, CA 93960 Clovis, CA 93619 [email protected] [email protected]

DANNY HICKS DAN HIGGINBOTHAM NICK HOFFMAN FIELD LAB AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 8970 Curbaril Ave ECO-PAK 14827 W Harding Rd Atascadero, CA 93422 640 Orrcrest Dr Turlock, CA 95380 [email protected] Reno, NV 89506 [email protected] [email protected]

JEFFREY HOPP LAUREN HOWELL JAMES HRUSKOCI SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION BEMUS LANDSCAPE, INC. BAYER CROPSCIENCE 3314 Tranquility Way 5527 E San Juan Dr 15610 Calistoga Ave Berthoud, CO 80513 Orange, CA 92869 Bakersfield, CA 93314 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DOUG HUDSON IAN HUDSON JOSE HUERTA FMC AGRICULTURAL SOLUTIONS TRICAL, INC. J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY 3843 Serena Ave PO Box 1327 PO Box 877 Clovis, CA 93619 Hollister, CA 95024 Corcoran, CA 93212 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JEREMY HUGHES SPENCER HUGHES JOSIE HUGIE FARMER HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 12226 N Via Tesoro Ave 3100 Orange Grove Ave 1137 Princeton Ave Clovis, CA 93619 North Highlands, CA 95660 Modesto, CA 95350 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

RYAN HUMANN KENNETH HUMES LAWRENCE HUNN SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION ROCKWOOD CHEMICAL CO HUNN MERWIN MERWIN 1233 Nipomo St PO Box 34 47560 N. Courtland Rd San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 Brawley, CA 92227 Clarksburg, CA 95612 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

HILLARY HUNTER RICHARD HURSTAK ALEC HUTCHISON BUTTE COLLEGE CROP SCIENCE SERVICES KINGS MOUNTAIN WINERY 4274 Kathy Ln 710 River Oaks Dr 187 Kings Mountain Rd Chico, CA 95973 Paso Robles, CA 93446 Woodside, CA 94062 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DAVID ILIFF LYNDON INOUYE JOEL IRVING AG RX VALENT USA, LLC INTERNATIONAL WATER SCREENS 1310 Jodi Ct PO Box 183 11007 Ainswick Dr Santa Maria, CA 93454 Kingsburg, CA 93631 Bakersfield, CA 93311 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ED ISHIDA DARYL ITO ROBERTO ITURRALDE BAYER CROPSCIENCE TRICAL, INC. WONDERFUL ORCHARDS 1773 Powell Dr PO Box 69 6801 E Lerdo Hwy Ventura, 93004 Camarillo, CA 93011 Shafter, CA 93263 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

CHRIS JENNINGS CHRIS JENNINGS ANDERS JERNER UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. FIELD LAB AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH P.O. Box 1627 PO Box 1627 14827 W Harding Rd Templeton, CA 93465 Templeton, CA 93465 Turlock, CA 95380 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MANUEL JIMENEZ DAVID JOHNSON DAVID JOHNSON BAYER CROPSCIENCE DUPONT DBI SERVICES, INC. 4301 E Hillcrest Ave Des Moines, IA 50301 Ventura, CA 93001 Visalia, CA 93292 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DUSTIN JOHNSON JOHNNIE JOHNSON SCOTT JOHNSON SISKIYOU CO DEPT OF AG TRINCHERO FAMILY ESTATES WILBUR ELLIS 525 S Foothill Dr PO Box 248 1710 Fluetsch Ct Yreka, CA 96097 St. Helena, CA 94574 Stockton, CA 95207 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

AJAY JONES CASEY JONES KENNETH JONES SEPRO CORPORATION DWR J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY 11550 N Meridian St Ste 600 31770 Gonzaga Rd PO Box 877 Carmel, IN 46032 Gustine, CA 95322 Corcoran, CA 93212 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

RICHARD JONES TIMOTHY JUNGENBERG JURAJ JURICEVIC DEPT OF WATER RESOURCES VENTURA CO DEPT OF AIRPORTS CLEAN LAKES, INC. 36623 Pearl Pl 555 Airport Wy Ste B 2150 Franklin Canyon Rd Palmdale, CA 93550 Camarillo, CA 93010 Martinez, CA 94553 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

STEVE KAWAGUCHI DEBRA KEENAN HANNAHJOY KENNEDY SOUTHLAND SOD FARMS RESEARCH 2000 UC DAVIS 136 Cottage Grove Ave 13834 Winesap Ct PO Box 42 Camarillo, CA 93012 Chico, CA 95973 Davis, CA 95617 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ELI KERSH KENNETH KETCHER MARYAM KHOSRAVIFARD ALLIGARE DWR CA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND 122 Castro St 31770 Gonzaga Rd AGRICULTURE Richmond, 94801 Gustine, CA 95322 1612 Daunting Dr [email protected] [email protected] El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 [email protected]

BRUCE KIDD CONRAD KIERNAN CYNTHIA KINTIGH RETIRED, PAST PRESIDENT DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION UC ANR 39962 Via Espana 100 S. Main Street M.S. 3-332 2801 2nd St Murrieta, CA 92562 Los Angeles, CA 90012 Davis, CA 95618 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

COURTNEY KITE DOUG KLEWENO DAVID KLUTTZ SILENT FIRE, INC. CYGNET ENTERPRISES WEST, INC. LAKELAND RESTORATION SVCS 2371 E Ventura Blvd #77 5040 Commercial Cir Ste E 79 E River Spur Oxnard, CA 93036 Concord, CA 94520 Priest River, ID 83856 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JASON KOSAREFF JULIA KOSOWITZ WAYNE LACEY PAUL FARM MANAGEMENT, INC SANTA BARBARA CO AG COMM OFFICE WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 15716 Marty Ave 263 Camino del Remedio 379 N Saguaro Dr Bakersfield, CA 93314 Santa Barbara, CA 93111 Orange, CA 92869 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ADAM LAMBERT BENJAMIN LAMBRECHTSEN DEBBIE LARMON UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA B & J TRADING LLC SIERRA PACIFIC FARMS, INC. Marine Science Institute PO Box 3356 229 Seton Hall Ave Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Central Point, OR 97502 Ventura, CA 93003 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

RICHARD LARUE JOHN LAW MICHELLE LE STRANGE LARUE AGRICULTURAL CONSULTING BRIGHTVIEW UCCE TULARE & KINGS 405 W Gibson Rd 379 Euclid Ave 4437-B S Laspina St Woodland, CA 95695 Oakland, CA 94610 Tulare, CA 93274 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

STEPHEN LEE-THOMAS KEVIN LEHAR RICK LEONARD SOILFUME, INC. FARMLAND LP BAYER 34339 Road 162 2125 Maverick Wy 12204 Marshfield Wy Visalia, CA 93292 Paso Robles, CA 93446 Bakersfield, CA 93312 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

RICK LEONARD DON LEWIS ERNIE LEYVA BAYER SYNGENTA TRICAL, INC. 12204 Marshfield Wy 61 Brookvine Cir PO Box 1327 Bakersfield, CA 93312 Chico, CA 95973 Hollister, CA 95024 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

BOB LINO FRANCISCO LOPEZ JACKIE LOPEZ TRICAL, INC. TRICAL, INC. LOWER TULE RIVER IRRIG DIST PO Box 1327 PO Box 1327 357 E Olive Ave Hollister, CA 95024 Hollister, CA 95024 Tipton, CA 93272 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JOSE LOPEZ GABE LUDWIG JOHN MACDONALD VALENT USA, LLC BAYER VEG MANAGEMENT CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 403 W Omaha Ave 18307 W Woodrow Ln 910 Harrison Dr Clovis, CA 93619 Surprise, AZ 85388 Santa Maria, CA 93454 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JOHN MADSEN MARK MAHADY LARRY MARQUES USDA ARS MARK M. MAHADY & ASSOCIATES SLDMWA UCD, Plant Sci MS4, 1 Shield Ave PO Box 1290 PO Box 2157 Davis, CA 95616 Carmel Valley, CA 93924 Los Banos, CA 93635 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JOE MARTINEZ WALTER MARTINEZ MARK MAY 9337 Campbell Rd UCCE TULARE CAL-WESTERN WEED CONTROL, INC. Winters, CA 95694 288 N Castle Rock St 10047 Circle R Dr Ste. B [email protected] Woodlake, CA 93286 Valley Center, CA 92082 [email protected] [email protected]

SUZANNE MCCASLIN KEVIN MCCLASKEY GREG MCCOSKER SLO COUNTY FARM SUPPLY CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES HARVEY LYMAN COMPANY 224 Tank Farm Rd 36400 Colony Rd PO Box 279 San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 Soledad, CA 93960 Walnut Grove, CA 95242 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

KEVIN MCCOSKER GREG MCCOWN DAVID MCEUEN THE LYMAN GROUP DOT - DISTRICT 9 THE CORCORAN RANCH PO Box 279 500 S Main St PO Box 877 Walnut Grove, CA 95690 Bishop, CA 93514 Corcoran, CA 93212 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

KAREN MCNABB THOMAS MCNABB JACOB MCNALLY Martinez, CA 94553 CLEAN LAKES, INC. J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY [email protected] 2150 Franklin Canyon Rd P.O. Box 877 Martinez, CA 94553 Corcoran, CA` 93212 [email protected] [email protected]

JAMES MCNUTT EDWARD MEDEIROS NORMA MEDRANO BAYER CROPSCIENCE BASF WONDERFUL ORCHARDS 9930 N Rowell Ave 26764 Avenida Shonto 6801 E Lerdo Hwy Fresno, CA 93720 Mission Viejo, CA 92691 Shafter, CA 93263 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ANDREA MEJIA SHERI MELKONIAN ALLAN MELTON CLARK PEST CONTROL M & S AG CONSULTING, LLC SOILFUME, INC. 555 N Guild Ave 5716 Folsom Blvd, #306 5575 Broadway Lodi, CA 95340 Sacramento, CA 95819 Live Oak, CA 95953 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JASON MENDES JIM MERRIAM MOHSEN MESGARAN J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY CALTRANS UC DAVIS 26085 Rd 192 2019 Charles St 2219 E 8th St Exeter, CA 93221 Hughson, CA 96326 Davis, CA 95618 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

BEAU MILLER LESLEY MILLER RICK MILLER DOW DUPONT ADAMA DOW AGROSCIENCES 3733 Elsinore Ct 1118 San Fernando Dr 9854 Oakplace E West Sacramento, CA 95691 Salinas, CA 93901 Folsom, CA 95630 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

TODD MILLER FRANK MIRANDA KRIS MITCHELL AGRIFORM ROCKWOOD CHEMICAL CO CALTRANS 440 West Rd PO Box 34 50 Higuera St Arbuckle, CA 95912 Brawley, CA 92227 San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DAVE MOORE JOHN MOORE THOMAS MOORHOUSE NEUDORFF NORTH AMERICA GROWERS CROP CONSULTING CLEAN LAKES PO Box 2264 7816 Carol Sue Ct 31320 Via Colinas Ste 114 Aptos, CA 95001 Bakersfield, CA 93308 Westlake Village, CA 91362 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JUAN ANTONIO MORALES DEAN MOSDELL PHIL MUNGER WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY SYNGENTA BRAVIN KATAELA AGRICULTURAL 841 W. Elkhorn Blvd 501-I S Reino Rd #183 RESEARCH, INC. Rio Linda, CA 95673 Newbury Park, CA 91320 22748 Road 140 K [email protected] [email protected] Visalia, CA 93292 [email protected]

KEN MURRAY GLENN MURTA BILL NAIRN CALTRANS NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BASF 1120 N St 1700 Broadway #102 7081 N Marks 341 Sacramento, CA 95814 San Francisco, CA 94109 Fresno, CA 93711 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

BEN NAKAYAMA WILLIAM NANTT STEWART NELSON WESTERN AG RESEARCH PROS CALTRANS ALL SEASONS WEED CONTROL, INC. 22362 Parker Rd 1120 N St 13259 Wood Rose Wy Salinas, CA 93908 Sacramento, CA 95814 Grass Valley, CA 95945 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

GREG NOWELL GUSTAVO NUNEZ RAY O'BOSKY ALL SEASONS WEED CONTROL, INC. CALTRANS GOWAN USA PO Box 1548 72 Reading St 100 N Roeben St Grass Valley, CA 95945 Fillmore, CA 93015 Visalia, CA 93291 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JOSEPH OCCHIPINTI CLINT OLENBERGER STEVE OLIVEIRA CAPCA SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS PANCHO RICO VINEYARDS 4488 Foothill Rd 25967 Avenue 70 PO Box 272 Carpinternia, CA 93013 Terra Bella, CA 93270 San Ardo, CA 93450 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

CHRIS OLSEN GARY OMORI MELISSA O'NEAL BAYER AGRI CHEMICAL MARRONE BIO INNOVATIONS/CSU FRESNO 24371 Verona Ct 7100 Estrella de Mar Rd 3111 Linden Ave Wildomar, CA 92595 Carlsbad, CA 92009 Bakersfield, CA 93305 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SCOTT ONETO GERARDO OROZCO GARY OSTEEN UCCE CENTRAL SIERRA TRICAL, INC. PO Box 20006 12200B Airport Rd PO Box 1327 Bakersfield, CA 93390 Jackson, CA 95642 Hollister, CA 95024 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

GREG OSTEEN JEROME OTTO JEROME OTTO PO Box 20006 DOW AGROSCIENCES DOW DUPONT Bakersfield, CA 93390 1102 Larkspur Ct 1102 Larkspur Ct [email protected] Scottsbluff, NE 69361 Scottsbluff, NE 69361 [email protected] [email protected]

JEFFREY PACHECO HEATHER PALMER ANDREW PALRANG DUPONT WESTBRIDGE AG PRODUCTS BAYER 2740 E Mountain Sky Ave 1260 Avenida Chelsea 740 S Lum Ave Phoenix, AZ 85048 Vista, CA 92081 Kerman, CA 93630 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JOEY PALUMBO NIK PARIS RICHARD PARK 2435 Fairmont Ave J.G. BOSWELL COMPANY CLARK PEST CONTROL Clovis, CA 93611 PO Box 877 555 N Guild Ave [email protected] Corcoran, CA 93212 Lodi, CA 95240 [email protected] [email protected]

KELLY PARKINS JON PASQUINELLI BRIAN PATZ CITY OF LONG BEACH ORO AGRI, INC. DOT - DISTRICT 9 340 Peralta Ave [email protected] 500 S Main St Long Beach, CA 90803 Bishop, CA 93514 [email protected] [email protected]

WILLIAM PATZOLDT CRAIG PAULY MONTE PECKINPAH BLUE RIVER TECHNOLOGY BASF VALENT USA, LLC 575 N Pastoria Ave 16791 S Ave 2 1/4 E 5444 W Grove Ct Sunnyvale, CA 94085 Yuma, AZ 85365 Visalia, CA 93291 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ANDREW PEDERSEN DENNIS PENNER ROGER PENNER BRANDT ABATE-A-WEED PENNER ADVISORY PO Box 35000 6100 Prescott Forest Ct 26124 Walch Ave Fresno, CA 93745 Bakersfield, CA 93314 Orland, CA 95963 [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected]

MICHAEL PRUETT NICHOEL PRYOR STEVE PYLE LANDSCAPES USA SYNGENTA SYNGENTA 9164 Rehco Rd 21435 County Rd 98 PO Box 18300 San Diego, CA 92121 Woodland, CA 95695 Greensboro, NC 27419 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JOHN RACHUY ABRAHAM RAMIREZ HUGO RAMIREZ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY SYNGENTA 1636 E Alisal St 2397 A St 28687 Road 148 Salinas, CA 93905 Santa Maria, CA 93455 Visalia, CA 93292 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JEANNETTE RAPICAVOLI HUGH RATHBUN RICH RECORDS SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION DELLAVALLE LABORATORY, INC. AGRI TURF DISTRIBUTING 17 Abarrota St 1910 W McKinley Ave Ste 110 10551 Hathaway Dr Rancho Mission Viego, CA 92694 Fresno, CA 93728 Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

MAGGIE REITER RILEY REYNOLDS WHITNEY REYNOLDS UCCE FRESNO ORO AGRI, INC. BRANDT CONSOLIDATED 550 E Shaw Ste 210-B [email protected] 166 W Peace River Dr Fresno, CA 93710 Fresno, CA 93711 [email protected] [email protected]

ANDREW RICHARD JESSE RICHARDSON SONIA RIOS DOT - DISTRICT 9 DOW AGROSCIENCES UCCE RIVERSIDE & SAN DIEGO 500 S Main St 9846 Lincoln Ave [email protected] Bishop, CA 93514 Hesperia, CA 92345 [email protected] [email protected]

AMY RITCHARDSON FRANCISCO RIVERA JASON ROBBINS WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY OMEX TARGET-SPECIALTY PRODUCTS 841 W Elkhorn Blvd 325 Montclair St 9120 Hunters Creek Wy Rio Linda, CA 95673 Delano, CA 93309 Chowchilla, CA 93610 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

TOM ROGERS ERNESTO ROSALES GIOVANNI ROSSINI MERCED IRRIGATION DISTRICT HELIX ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRUCTION TANGLE RIDGE 3321 N Franklin Rd GROUP 523 W Fallbrook Ave Merced, CA 95348 7578 El Cajon Blvd Clovis, cA 93611 [email protected] La Mesa, CA 91942 [email protected] [email protected]

CODY ROYCE MICHAEL RUPERT DON SALFEN DOT - DISTRICT 9 WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY LYMAN GROUP 500 S Main St 5375 5th St 13045 Borden Rd Bishop, CA 93514 Rocklin, CA 95677 Herald, CA 95638 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JEROME SALVADOR JAMES SCHAEFFER ROD SCHEAFFER SALVADOR CONSULTING UCCE, FRESNO COUNTY 2124 Miekle Ave PO Box 361 550 E Shaw Ste 210 Woodland, CA 95776 Tranquillity, CA 93668 Fresno, CA 93710 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JOHN SCHEIMER TROY SCHLUNDT SHARON SCHNABEL PO Box 248 AG RX M & S AG CONSULTING, LLC Arbuckle, CA 95912 751 S Rose Ave 5716 Folsom Blvd, #306 [email protected] Oxnard, CA 93035 Sacramento, CA 95819 [email protected] [email protected]

ANDREA SEALOCK JOSEPH SEDOR ADAM SEVIER CYGNET ENTERPRISES WEST, INC. INDEPENDENT PCA BUENA VISTA WATER STORAGE DIST 5040 Commercial Cir Ste E 733 Washington St 525 N Main St PO Box 756 Concord, CA 94520 Delano, CA 93215 Buttonwillow, CA 93026 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JANET SHARP DEB SHATLEY MARK SHEPHERD BASF TERRAMERA NETAFIM USA 1641 N Ripon Rd #108 PO Box 519 3370 S McCall Ripon, CA 95366 Lincoln, CA 95648 Sanger, CA 93657 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SCOTT SHULER ADRIAN SHUM DAVE SILLS SEPRO CORPORATION CALTRANS SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS 11550 N Meridian St Ste 600 464 W 4th St 3301 Stonehurst Dr Carmel, IN 46032 San Bernardino, CA 92401 El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JOSE L. SILVA NORMAN SILVEIRA ROBERT SIMAS SIMPLOT GROWER SOLUTIONS WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY 418 Buena Vista Way 5106 S Alamo Rd 3972 Serena Ave Woodland, CA 95695 Edinburg, TX 78542 Clovis, CA 93619 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

PATRICK SIMMSGEIGER JOHN SMITH MATTHEW SMITH DIVERSIFIED WATERSCAPES, INC DELTA AG SERVICE CROP PRODUCTION SERVICES 27324 Camino Capistrano #213 PO Box 690 2402 Ridgemark Dr Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 Ripon, CA 95366 Santa Maria, CA 93455 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

RICHARD SMITH STEPHEN SMITH MICHAEL SOMMER UCCE MONTEREY COUNTY ARVIN EDISON WATER STORAGE DIST SIMPLOT PARTNERS 1432 Abbott St PO Box 175 1024 Beech Street Salinas, CA 93901 Arvin, CA 93203 Santa Paula, CA 93060 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

BRIAN SOUZA JOHN SPITHORST GARY SPONSLER DIMARE CALTRANS CITY OF FAIRFIELD 22036 W Hwy 152 PO Box 231 420 Gregory Ln Los Banos, CA 93635 Wilton, CA 95693 Fairfield, CA 94533 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DAVID STACH STEPHANIE STARK WAYNE STEELE CALTRANS SANTA BARBARA CO AG COMM OFFICE DOW DUPONT 703 B St 263 Camino del Remedio 2114 E Omaha Ave Marysville, CA 95901 Santa Barbara, CA 93111 Fresno, CA 93720 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

SCOTT STEINMAUS FORREST STEPHANIAN SEAN STEVENS CAL POLY, SAN LUIS OBISPO CALIFORNIA VETERAN SUPPLY INC. PO Box 651 San Luis Obispo, CA 1109 4th St Santa Paula, CA 93061 [email protected] Clovis, CA 93612 [email protected] [email protected]

SCOTT STODDARD FRED STRAUSS JOHN STROBEL UCCE CCA CALTRANS 2145 Wardrobe Rd PO Box 247 PO Box 606 Merced, CA 95341 Vernalis, CA 95345 Altaville, CA 95221 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JIM STURGES JIM STURGES KEHAN SUN SUMMIT AGRO - USA SUMMIT AGRO - USA C H BIOTECH 2831 Ashland Dr 2831 Ashland Dr 601 Ketterin Roseville, CA 95661 Roseville, CA 95661 Pomona, CA 91761 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

KB SWAIN CHUCK SYNOLD BRYAN TAHMAZIAN NORSTAR INDUSTRIES AGRI TURF DISTRIBUTING PO Box 550 2302 A St SE 2478 N Bundy Kingsburg, CA 93631 Auburn, WA 98002 Fresno, CA 93727 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JIM TATMAN JASON TAYLOR STEVE THOMAS TRICAL, INC. TULARE COUNTY ATTAWAY FIELD RESEARCH PO Box 1327 4437 S Laspina St Ste A 1050 E Gobbi St Hollister, CA 95024 Tulare, CA 93274 Ukiah, CA 95482 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

TERRI THOMAS BRYAN THOMPSON BARRY TICKES DUPONT CROP PROTECTION PEST OPTIONS, INC. UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 624 Merlot Ave 135 N Manchester Ave 2524 Mutahar Madera, CA 93637 Anaheim, CA 92802 Parker, AZ 85344 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

JEFF TIENKEN SCOTT TIPTON LAMONTE TUMBLING T AND T AG SERVICES 1211 Pinecrest Dr MERCED IRRIGATION DISTRICT PO Box 915 Concord, CA 94521 3321 N Franklin Rd Lindsay, CA 93247 [email protected] Merced, CA 95348 [email protected]

BUZZ UBER RICHARD VASQUEZ JOSEPH VASSIOS CROP INSPECTION SERVICE CITY OF FAIRFIELD UNITED PHOSPHORUS, INC. 31130 Hilltop Dr 420 Gregory Ln 2817 Catalina Dr Valley Center, CA 92082 Fairfield, CA 94533 Rocklin, CA 95765 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DAN VEIK JONATHAN VELAZQUEZ ORLANDO VELAZQUEZ SOILFUME, INC. KB BERRY FARMS KLEEN GLOBE, INC. 655 Apple Blossom Ct 393 Highland Dr 11280 Commercial Parkway Watsonville, CA 95076 Santa Maria, CA 93455 Castroville, CA 95012 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

TIMOTHY VERRINDER ELAN VISS LEAH VOLKOFF HELENA CHEMICAL R & D FIELD LAB AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH VOLKOFF AG 116 E Reilly Rd 14827 W Harding Rd 30348 Madera Ave Merced, CA 95341 Turlock, CA 95380 Shafter, CA 93263 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

STEVE VOLKOFF GORDON VOSTI JEREMY WAGNITZ CUSTOM APPLICATOR BAYER BASF 30348 Madera Ave 731 Via Bandolero [email protected] Shafter, CA 93263 Arroyo Grande, CA 93420 [email protected] [email protected]

PAUL WALGENBACH KATHERINE WALKER MARK WANDER BAYER CROP SCIENCE BASF WANDER WILDLAND MGMT LANDSCP 789 Lakecrest Dr 318 Seabright Ave SOLUTIONS El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 Santa Cruz, CA 95062 16310 Robie Ln [email protected] [email protected] Los Gatos, CA 95032 [email protected]

KENNETH WARREN KATHERINE WASELKOV GERALD WATSON SLO COUNTY FARM SUPPLY CAL STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO WATSON AG CHEMICALS PO Box 698 2555 E. San Ramon Ave., M/S SB 73, PO Box 160 Cayucos, CA 93430 Department of Biology Caruthers, CA 93609 [email protected] Fresno, CA 93740 [email protected] [email protected]

RYAN WERSAL NANCY WESTCOTT PAUL WESTCOTT LONZA WATER CARE GOAT THROAT PUMPS LONZA/APPLIED BIOCHEMISTS 1200 Bluegrass Lakes Pkwy 60 Shell Ave 15420 N 29th Ave Alpharetta, GA 30004 Milford, CT 0 Phoenix, AZ 85053 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

ROGER WHEELER DAN WICKHAM CHARLIE WIDLE ROGER WHEELER LANDSCAPING WILBUR-ELLIS COMPANY CPSAGU PO Box 249 1 Los Pioneros 5279 Southcreek Ct Kelseyville, CA 95451 Rancho Santa Margarita, CA 92688 Santa Maria, CA 93455 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

FRANK WILLIAMS MIKE WILLIAMS STEVE WRIGHT 3009 E Cardella OMEX UCCE TULARE & KINGS Firebaugh, CA 93622 2885 Richert Ave 15125 El Rancho Ave [email protected] Clovis, CA 93611 Visalia, CA 93292 [email protected] [email protected]

MAY YANG TOM YI PETER YU CSU FRESNO CALTRANS C H BIOTECH 3659 W Floradora Ave 801 Terrace Ln E Unit 2 601 Ketterin Fresno, CA 93722 Diamond Bar, CA 91765 Pomona, CA 91761 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

DAVID ZACHARY ARIANA ZAMORA MATT ZOOST DWR CAPCA ALLIGARE, LLC 4102 Sabodan St 3600 Vista Glen Cir 9975 Sable Point St Bakersfield, CA 93313 Yorba Linda, CA 92886 Las Vegas, NV 89178 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

CALIFORNIA WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY Conference History

CONFERENCE DATES HELD LOCATION PRESIDENT 1st February 16, 17, 1949 Sacramento Walter Ball 2nd April 4, 5, 6, 1950 Pomona Walter Ball 3rd January 30, 31, Feb. 1, 1951 Fresno Alden Crafts 4th January 22, 23, 24, 1952 San Luis Obispo Murray Pryor 5th January 20, 21, 22, 1953 San Jose Bill Harvey 6th January 27, 28, 1954 Sacramento Marcus Cravens 7th January 26, 27, 1955 Santa Barbara Lester Berry 8th February 15, 16, 17, 1956 Sacramento Paul Dresher 9th January 22, 23, 24, 1957 Fresno James Koehler 10th January 21, 22, 23, 1958 San Jose Vernon Cheadle 11th January 20, 21, 22, 1959 Santa Barbara J. T. Vedder 12th January 19, 20, 21, 1960 Sacramento Bruce Wade 13th January 24, 25, 26, 1961 Fresno Stan Strew 14th January 23, 24, 25, 1962 San Jose Oliver Leonard 15th January 22, 23, 24, 1963 Santa Barbara Charles Siebe 16th January 21, 22, 23, 1964 Sacramento Bill Hopkins 17th January 19, 20, 21, 1965 Fresno Jim Dewlen 18th January 18, 19, 20, 1966 San Jose Norman Akesson 19th January 24, 25, 26, 1967 San Diego Cecil Pratt 20th January 22, 23, 24, 1968 Sacramento Warren Johnson 21st January 20, 21, 22, 1969 Fresno Floyd Holmes 22nd January 19, 20, 21, 1970 Anaheim Vince Schweers 23rd January 18, 19, 20, 1971 Sacramento Dell Clark 24th January 16, 17, 18, 19, 1972 Fresno Bryant Washburn 25th January 15, 16, 17, 1973 Anaheim Howard Rhoads 26th January 21, 22, 23, 24, 1974 Sacramento Tom Fuller 27th January 20, 21, 22, 1975 Fresno Dick Fosse 28th January 19, 20, 21, 1976 San Diego Jim McHenry 29th January 17, 18, 19, 1977 Sacramento Les Sonder 30th January 16, 17, 18, 1978 Monterey Floyd Colbert 31st January 15, 16, 17, 18, 1979 Los Angeles Harry Agamalian 32nd January 21, 22, 23, 24, 1980 Sacramento Conrad Schilling 33rd January 19, 20, 21, 22, 1981 Monterey Lee Van Deren 34th January 18, 19, 20, 21, 1982 San Diego Dave Bayer 35th January 17, 18, 19, 20, 1983 San Jose Butch Kreps 36th January 16, 17, 18, 19, 1984 Sacramento Ed Rose 37th January 21, 22, 23, 24, 1985 Anaheim Hal Kempen 38th January 27, 28, 19, 30, 1986 Fresno Ray Ottoson 39th January 26, 27, 28, 29, 1987 San Jose Ken Dunster 40th January 18, 19, 20, 21, 1988 Sacramento George Gowgani 41st January 16, 17, 18, 1989 Ontario Ed Kurtz 42nd January 15, 16, 17, 1990 San Jose Dennis Stroud

CALIFORNIA WEED SCIENCE SOCIETY Conference History

CONFERENCE DATES HELD LOCATION PRESIDENT 43rd January 21, 22, 23, 1991 Santa Barbara Jack Orr 44th January 20, 21, 22, 1992 Sacramento Nate Dechoretz 45th January 18, 19, 20, 1993 Costa Mesa Alvin A. Baber 46th January 17, 18, 19, 1994 San Jose James Greil 47th January 16, 17, 19, 1995 Santa Barbara Nelroy Jackson 48th January 22, 23, 24, 1996 Sacramento Dave Cudney 49th January 20, 21, 22, 1997 Santa Barbara Jesse Richardson 50th January 12, 13, 14, 1998 Monterey Ron Vargas 51st January 11, 12, 13, 1999 Anaheim Scott Johnson 52nd January 10, 11, 12, 2000 Sacramento Steve Wright 53rd January 8, 9, 10, 2001 Monterey Matt Ehlhardt 54th January 14, 15, 16, 2002 San Jose Lars Anderson 55th January 20, 21, 22, 2003 Santa Barbara Bruce Kidd 56th January 12, 13, 14, 2004 Sacramento Pam Geisel 57th January 10, 11, 12, 2005 Monterey Debra Keenan 58th January 16, 17, 18 2006 Ventura L. Robert Leavitt 59th January 8, 9, 10, 2007 San Diego Deb Shatley 60th January 28, 29, 30, 2008 Monterey Carl Bell 61st January 28, 29, 30, 2009 Sacramento Stephen Colbert 62nd January 11. 12. 13 2010 Visalia Stephen Colbert 63rd January 19, 20, 21, 2011 Monterey Dave Cheetham 64th January 23, 24, 25 2012 Santa Barbara Michelle Le Strange 65th January 23, 24, 25 2013 Sacramento Chuck Synold 66th January 22, 23, 24 2014 Monterey Steve Fennimore 67th January 21, 22, 23, 2015 Santa Barbara Rick Miller 68th January 13, 14, 15, 2016 Sacramento John Roncoroni 69th January 18, 19, 20, 2017 Monterey Katherine Walker 70th January 24, 25, 26, 2018 Santa Barbara Maryam Khosravifard