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ICT Infrastructure Co-Deployment with Transport and Energy Infrastructure in North and Central Asia

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ICT Infrastructure Co-Deployment with Transport and Energy Infrastructure in North and Central Asia ICT Infrastructure Co-Deployment with Transport and Energy Infrastructure in North and Central Asia Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway (AP-IS) Working Paper Series The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) serves as the United Nations’ regional hub promoting cooperation among countries to achieve inclusive and sustainable development. The largest regional intergovernmental platform with 53 member States and 9 associate members, ESCAP has emerged as a strong regional think tank offering countries sound analytical products that shed insight into the evolving economic, social and environmental dynamics of the region. The Commission’s strategic focus is to deliver on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which it does by reinforcing and deepening regional cooperation and integration to advance connectivity, financial cooperation and market integration. ESCAP’s research and analysis coupled with its policy advisory services, capacity building and technical assistance to governments aim to support countries’ sustainable and inclusive development ambitions. The shaded areas of the map indicate ESCAP members and associate members. Disclaimer: The Asia-Pacific Information Superhighway (AP-IS) Working Papers provide policy-relevant analysis on regional trends and challenges in support of the development of the AP-IS and inclusive development. The findings should not be reported as representing the views of the United Nations. The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. This working paper has been issued without formal editing, and the designations employed and material presented do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Correspondence concerning this working paper should be addressed to the email: e scap -i ds@un .org . Contact: Information and Communications Technology and Development Section Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Rajadamnern Nok Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand Email: [email protected] 2 Acknowledgements This Working Paper was prepared by Chuyoung Park, Individual Contractor, ESCAP; Andrey Yershov, Individual Contractor, ESCAP, and Alexey Kobzev, Renewable Energy projects Manager of Natural Resources Institute, German-Kazakh University. Substantive comments were provided by Atsuko Okuda, Channarith Meng, and Elena Dyakonova of the Information and Communications Technology and Development Section under the guidance of Tiziana Bonapace, Director, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Sector-specific comments were also contributed by Bekhzod Rakhmatov of Transport Division and Lana Basneen Zaman of Energy Division. Some information and data were provided by Chynara Suiumbaeva, Digital Development Expert, Kyrgyzstan and Almaz Akhmetov, Sustainable Energy Expert, Kazakhstan. Special appreciation is expressed to Christine Apikul who extensively reviewed and edited the paper. Tarnkamon Chantarawat and Sakollerd Limkriangkrai provided administrative support and other necessary assistance for the issuance of this paper. February 2020 Photo credits: Cover – iStock-861165770 3 Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 List of Boxes ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Abbreviations and Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1. ICT Development in North and Central Asia ........................................................................................... 11 1.1 Global ICT Development Trends .......................................................................................................... 11 1.2 ICT Development Trends in North and Central Asia ........................................................................ 14 1.3 FOC Networks in North and Central Asia ........................................................................................ 16 2. Definition and Background of FOC Co-Deployment ............................................................................ 18 2.1 Background on Facilitating FOC Co-Deployment ........................................................................... 18 2.2 Definition and Scope of FOC Co-Deployment ................................................................................ 20 2.3 Cost Savings from FOC Co-Deployment ......................................................................................... 21 3. Case Studies of FOC Co-Deployment ................................................................................................... 24 3.1 Kazakhstan ...................................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1 FOC Co-Deployment with Transport Infrastructure .................................................................... 24 3.1.2 FOC Co-Deployment with Energy Infrastructure ........................................................................ 29 3.1.3 FOC Co-Deployment among Telecom Operators ........................................................................ 32 3.2 Kyrgyzstan ....................................................................................................................................... 33 3.2.1 FOC Co-Deployment with Transport Infrastructure .................................................................... 33 3.2.2 FOC Co-Deployment with Energy Infrastructure ........................................................................ 38 3.2.3 FOC Co-Deployment among Telecom Operators ........................................................................ 42 3.3 Mongolia.......................................................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1 FOC Co-Deployment with Transport Infrastructure .................................................................... 42 4 3.3.2 FOC Co-Deployment with Energy Infrastructure ........................................................................ 46 3.3.3 FOC Co-Deployment among Telecom Operators ........................................................................ 48 3.4 Republic of Korea ............................................................................................................................ 48 3.4.1 FOC Co-Deployment with Transport Infrastructure .................................................................... 50 3.4.2 FOC Co-Deployment with Electricity Infrastructure ................................................................... 56 3.4.3 FOC Co-Deployment among Telecom Operators ........................................................................ 62 3.4.4 FOC Co-Deployment in New Buildings .......................................................................................... 63 3.4.5 Coordination Systems for FOC Co-Deployment ......................................................................... 67 4. The Opportunities and Challenges of FOC Co-Deployment .................................................................. 71 4.1 Opportunities and Motivations for FOC Co-Deployment ................................................................ 71 4.1.1 Infrastructure Management Agencies .......................................................................................... 71 4.1.2 Telecom Operators ...................................................................................................................... 72 4.1.3 Legislators, Policymakers and Regulators ................................................................................... 73 4.2 Challenges and Constraints of FOC Co-Deployment ....................................................................... 74 4.2.1 Infrastructure Management Agencies .......................................................................................... 75 4.2.2 Telecom Operators ...................................................................................................................... 76 4.2.3 Legislators, Policymakers and Regulators ................................................................................... 76 5. Major Legal, Regulatory and Policy Considerations and Recommendations ........................................... 78 5.1 Major Considerations ....................................................................................................................... 78 5.2 Recommendations ..........................................................................................................................
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