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Best Varieties and Breeds for Wyoming

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Best Varieties and Breeds for Wyoming U IVERSITY OF WYOMI G. Agricultural College Department, WYOMING EXPERIMENT STATION, LARAMIE, WYOMING, VI-I- 5. FEBRUARY, 1892. Best Varieties and Breeds for U1yomiI)~. BY THE AGRICULTURIST AND THE HORTICULTURIST. This Bulletin i prepared frum experiment: on the Station Farm, at Lan- der, Laramie, Saratoga, Sheridan, Sundance and Wheatland, and from answer, to Circulars Nos, I and 2, Si: parts are i. uee!: I. L", amie 1'laillS, 7,000 feet above. ea level. II. Sourhern II/)'Olllill,:;, 6,500 III. /I't'S1 CellIra I If'vol/lill,;;. 5,500 IY, I:'asl'-1'1I IVYOI/III'.[(, 5,000 Y. J.,\Tort/teas/ern If'j'OIJlill/:, 4,500 \'1. ,....ort hern /I'jIOl/lill,1;, 4,000 An)' part separate, or all bound together. will he . ent free upon request. .\ddre s : Director E. peri men! Station, Laramie, \")'0, VVVO:NII Agricul tural E~penmen t tation. U IVERSIT)' OF WYOMI G. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Llox. STEPHEN W. DOWNEY, PRESIIlENT, Laramie, 1897 GR.\CE H.A\':"IIO~D HEBARD, SECRETAR\', heyenne, 1897 HaN. EDWARD I\'lNSOX, TREASURER, Laramie, 1893 A (;USTl~E KE:\'O,\LL, Rock Springs, I 95 Hox. TOil. D. LOUCKS, Sheridan, I 95 :\IR . SIATTIE QUINN, Evanston, 1895 RT. RE\'. ETHELBERT TALBOT, Laramie, 1893 Horc. CHARLES L. VAGNER, Carbon, I 93 Hox. EOW,\RD T. DAVID, Ca 'per, I 93 'TATE SIPT. STEPIIE, T. FARWELL, E .i , 0jJicio PRESlllE.·T A. A. JOB 'SO:\', Ex·OjJicio AGRICULTURAL COMMITTEE. E. I\'I:·'SO.', Chairman, L.\R.\'IIE S. W. DOW. E\', L.\R,\\lIE C. L. V.\Gi\ER, C\RBO)l PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING. A. A. jon '0:\', A. :\1., D. D. STATION COUNCIL. DICE :"IlcLAREN, :\1. s., DIRECTOR A:-<O .\GRIC1'LT1·RbT G. R. IlEll.\RD A. :"II., ECRETARY B. ., B I'FLJM, B.• " lIOR TIC1'L Tl'RIST J. D. CO~LE\', I'll. D., GEOl.OGIST A:\O CHE'IIST A\'E~ XELSON, :"II.S., BnTA:\IST F. j. ;\[SW.\);DE1', B. .. , E:\TO'lnLOGIST E. ·E. SLl.1SS0:\, B. S., As I TA:\T CHE\lIsr SUPERINTENDENTS OF Sua-STATIONS. L.\:--IlER EXP~:RDIE:\T F.\R,I, J.\COB S. \lEYER SAIl.\1'llt;A E~d'ERI IE.' r FAIlM, JOIL D. PAP KER SHERIIl.\:-- E:\I'ERI.IE:--T F.\Il'I, JA\IE.' A. BECKER Sl')lD,\:--C~' EXI'ERl\IF. 'T FAR'!, TIIO:\IA: A. DC);,' "'HE \TL.\, D E.·!'ERDIE:-<T FARM )IARTL' R. JOHN TUN \\'YO'II:--G U:\l\'ER.ITY EXrERl\IE. 'T FAR'l, - THE .\CRICCLT1·RIST 1. CH.\IlGE W\,O\IIN(: Uxr \'EIlSlTY EXHRI.\IE:\T GR01'.'f)S, THE HORTICCLTURI T I.' CH\RI;E l:NITLD 51'.\1'E.' GRAS :TATlO)!, THE DIRECTOR 1. CH, RGE 2 (13') BEST FARM CROP A D STOCK --FOR-- THE LARAMIE PLAINS. DICE l\JCLAREN, M. S., AGRICULT RIST. The Laramie Plai ns are situated between the Medi- cine Bow Mountains on the west and the Laramie Range on the east. From the southern boundary of Wyoming they extend northward about one hundred miles, with an average width between the foothills of about forty miles. From eight thousand feet above sea level on the s uth, the Plains slope down the valleys of the Big and Little Lara- mie rivers in Albany County to an altitude of six thousand feet at the water gap in the Laramie Range. Thence rising northwcster ly to seven thousand feet on the Rock Creek divide, the Plain follow the Medicine Bow river to its confluence with the North Platte river in arbon ounty to reach six thousand feet again. For fifty miles further down the 1 orth Platte r iver, a very similar I' gion extends to the table lands of 1 'atrona County, which have an altitude of about five thousand feet. This vast region is an undulating Table Land devoid of trees, but covered with a sparse growth of grama, blue- . tern and buffalo grasses, varied to the north by luxuriant age brush. The high mountain. which surround the Plains are covered to the timber line with pine forests. \bove these are the perpetual nows, feeding the rivers which irrigate this region. , . arrow leaved cottonwood 3(139) 4 Wyoming Experiment Station. [140 and quaking asp are found in the foothills. The mean summer temperature varies from So 0 in the southern foothill to 60 0 in the North Platte Valley. Except to the northward, killing frosts occur in May and eptcmber, and white frosts in the other summer months. As the annual rainfall is from eight to fourteen inches all crops InU t be irrigated. The Laramie Experiment Farm of the Wyoming Ex- periment tation represents the average soil and climate of the Laramie Plains. From experiment on this Farm, and from answers to a circular letter sent to the farmers and ranch men of Albany and atrona Counties, the fol- lowing varieties of farm crops and breeds of stock are recommended as adapted to this region: Impro ed Fyfe, White Rus ian and Chili pring wheats have done well. Lawrence Fee, of Laramie, ha good yields from the Oregon Red. pring wheat, oats, rye, barley and flax do best drilled in north and south rows, in April, as early a the ground can be prepared. In X atrona County, May winter wheat is a success planted in September. Both winter wheat and winter rye will probably not do so well further outh, but are \\ orthy of trial, if drilled early, for fall pasturage, the Kan as Ex- periment tation having proved that it is beneficial to both grain and animal to pasture all the growth that would be killed by frost. Salter" spring rye yields well and can be cut green like oats for a fattening hay. Excel. ior, \\'el- come and \\'hite Russian oats yield e nor mous crops of heavy grain and nutritious straw. Lionel Sartori, report. good success with the Black Tartarian oat on the Little Laramie. Four and ix-rowed barley are succes ful and the grain cure: bright in this dry climate. Both European .14'] Best Varieties and Breeds for Laramie Plains. 5 and common flax produce plump eed and a long fiber of extra strength. Japanese and Silver Hull buckwheat are well adapted to thi. cool climate. Early Scotchman and Canada field peas do we ll and are the most promising grain food for swine. Artichokes would be a good addition. Allan H. Dick, of Red Buttes, reports a yield of sixty bushels per acre from Early May peas plowed-in in April. C. C. P. Webe l, of Natrona, re- ports a yield of seventy bushels per acre of Yankee Flint corn planted May rst. On the Laramie Plains field corn will not mature further than roasting cars, but large crops of fodder corn can be raised. Early Amber sorghum, German and African Millets are other good fodder plants. These and al1 kinds of hay cure so well in this dry air that they are almost as good as green food. The Utah Experi- ment tation has proved our air-dry corn fodder better than corn ensilage. Corn, Sorghums and Millets should not be planted before May r yth. Klein Wanzleben and Vilmor in sugar beets planted in May yield so well as to ju st ify the building of a sugar factory. Timothy, alfalfa and red top are the best tame gra ses for hay. Orchard grass docs well in Natrona County. Timothy may be sown broadca st on a melting now, or drilled in as early as possible. E. P. Bough- ton, of Cooper, reports three tons per acre from timothy SO\\'n on natural sad and flooded. Alfalfa yield five to nine tons per acre in 1 atrona ounty, and i. best sown with oats, thus gaining one extra crop. The oat stubble and young alfalfa hold the snow for protection the first winter. For this reason the aftermath should never be pa tured from young or old alfalfa. But little irrigation 6 IVyoming Experiment tat ion. is needed and this should be topped in time to ripen the alfalfa, thus avoiding winter-killing. Grade Hereford and Shorthorn cattle are preferred for wintering on the range. It is being found more profitable to winter cattle and horses in fenced pastures, feeding hay during ·torms. The lone Land and Cattle Company, at Cooper, rai e Hereford cattle in this way, elling three and four-ycar-olds and fattening in winter with blue stem hay. B. B. Brook, of Casper, prefers Galloways, selling at three years, and find alfalfa hay the best fattening winter feed. Shorthorns and Jerseys are preferred for dairy cattle. R. E. Fitch, of Laramie, finds Merino the most profitable range sheep, and Icrinos and Shropshire. for mutton, selling wethers at three to five years and ewes at seven years. Chopped corn has been fed with profit to mutton sheep. ativc horses are preferred for the range and Normans and Clydcs for farm horses. A few Berk- shire swine, Cashmere goats and Spanish mules are raised. Rutabagas, sugar beets and carrots are profitably fed to stock in connection with blue stem, alfalfa or timothy hay. In the coldest weather they will freeze while being eaten, but are well adapted to fall and spring feeding. In Cali- fornia sun dried sugar beets have been successfully used in sugar making. The experiment should be tried of sun drying our 'ugar beets for winter tock f od. They could be around and fed alone or mixed with chopped grain. By using movable fence around part of the field rutabaga may be fed to cattle and sheep without the expen:e of digging and storing.
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