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Part B—Parramatta Gaol Site Parramatta North Historic Sites Consolidated Conservation Management Plan Part B—Parramatta Gaol Site Heritage Significance Assessment Prepared for UrbanGrowth NSW March 2017 • Issue E Project number 13 0934 Tanner Kibble Denton Architects Pty Ltd | ABN 77 001 209 392 | www.tkda.com.au Sydney Level 1, 19 Foster Street, Surry Hills NSW 2010 Australia | T+61 2 9281 4399 Brisbane Suite 9A, Level 7, 141 Queen Street, Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia | T+61 7 3087 0160 Principals Alex Kibble, Robert Denton, Megan Jones, John Rose | Practice Directors George Phillips, Jocelyn Jackson, Melanie Mackenzie Senior Associates Ian Burgher, Angelo Casado, David Earp, Emma Lee Scott MacArthur, Renata Ratcliffe, Lachlan Rowe Associates Paul Dyson, Theresa Pan, Sean Williams NSW Nominated Architects Robert Denton Registration No 5782 | Alex Kibble Registration No 6015 PNHS • Consolidated Conservation Management Plan—Part B Parramatta Gaol Site Document / Status Register Issue Date Purpose Written Approved P1 98 July 2015 Draft policies for client review SW CMJ A 06 November 2015 Issue for Heritage Council Review SW/RL/HM CMJ B 8 June 2016 Revised issue for HC endorsement SW/RL/HM/CMJ CMJ C 26 August 2016 Revised issue for HC endorsement SW/RL/HM/CMJ CMJ C 29 August 2016 Revised issue for HC endorsement SW/RL/HM/CMJ CMJ D 23 November 2016 DA Issue to Parramatta Council SW/RL/HM/CMJ CMJ E 17 March 2017 Final Issue for HC Endorsement SW/RL/HM/CMJ CMJ March 2017 • Issue E Tanner Kibble Denton Architects PNHS • Consolidated Conservation Management Plan—Part B Parramatta Gaol Site EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The key objective of the Consolidated Conservation Management Plan is to facilitate the sustainable management of the heritage values of the Parramatta North Historic Sites The Parramatta North Historic Sites (PNHS) are places of exceptional heritage significance to the people of Parramatta, New South Wales and Australia. Parramatta has a rich history of Aboriginal occupation of at least 20,000 years. Aboriginal people continue to maintain a strong spiritual and cultural connection with the place. 1887 photograph of Parramatta Gaol looking to the Governor’s House The PNHS are also places of colonial significance associated with early farming endeavours (including Charles Smith’s farm, the first Government water-powered mill on mainland Australia and Marsden’s Mill. The PNHS contain the sites of the first purpose-built Female Factory in Australia (later the Parramatta Lunatic Asylum, Hospital for the Insane, Mental Hospital, Psychiatric Centre and Cumberland Hospital), Parramatta Gaol and the Roman 1865 photograph of Parramatta Gaol gardens Catholic Orphan School (later the Parramatta Industrial School for Girls and Norma Parker Centre/Kamballa). As the second-oldest British settlement on the Australian mainland, the PNHS can tell us much about the early development of the colony, Parramatta, New South Wales and Australia and changing attitudes to moral and social reform, sectarianism, humanitarianism, gender, authority, 1898 photograph of the south western extension discipline, punishment, welfare and mental health care. of the Gaol The Parramatta Gaol site was the longest operating gaol in New South Wales—it was in use from 1842 to 2011. It has some rarity value as a surviving Australian example of a pre- 1850 gaol and is representative of the maximum security gaols constructed in NSW during the nineteenth century. It is also significant as one of three government institutions devoted to welfare and reform established in North 1911 Parramatta Gaol Parramatta between the 1820s and the 1840s. Parramatta Gaol demonstrates, through its design, social order and adaptation, the imposition of changing penal philosophies and government policies during the nineteenth and twentieth century in NSW. It documents the evolution of the prison system and changing regimes associated with incarceration and reform. It has the ability to interpret the 1977 Parramatta Gaol conditions in which the prisoners lived during their incarceration and the inequalities experienced by them resulting from discriminatory legislation, particularly during the nineteenth century for Aboriginal people. Tanner Kibble Denton Architects March 2017 • Issue E i PNHS • Consolidated Conservation Management Plan—Part B Parramatta Gaol Site The site’s heritage values are both tangible (reflected in its early colonial and institutional landscapes, buildings and other structures, archaeology and movable elements) and intangible (expressed through oral traditions, memories and stories). Each generation has a responsibility to retain, conserve and enhance the Parramatta Gaol site and wider PNHS in ways that allow other people to use, enjoy and benefit from their significant heritage values without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same. Conservation is essentially a process of managing change in ways that will best retain and protect the heritage values of a place while recognising opportunities to reveal or enhance its values for present and future generations. Current and future landowners, tenants, managers and other site users therefore have a fundamental responsibility to manage the place accordingly. The Parramatta Gaol site has been modified over the last 170 years to adapt to changing reform philosophies. The physical condition and integrity of many of the built and landscape components of the Parramatta Gaol site are deteriorating generally due to the lack of an appropriate ongoing use. Most of the historic buildings are vacant and in need of urgent repair while the gardens and other landscape components have been subject to minimal maintenance over an extended period. Conservation of the heritage values of the Parramatta Gaol site is dependent on establishing appropriate and sustainable new uses that will facilitate its ongoing conservation. The Parramatta North Historic Sites Consolidated Conservation Management Plan (the PNHS CMP) has been prepared by Tanner Kibble Denton Architects on behalf of UrbanGrowth NSW to assist UrbanGrowth NSW, current and future owners, managers and other site users with the ongoing management of the heritage values of the PNHS and with managing change. The PNHS CMP identifies over-arching heritage management principles supported by policies and guidelines to ensure that the principles are applied to all decision-making. The Heritage Management Principles are: 1 Decisions are based on a clear understanding of the heritage values of the PNHS and the need to retain, protect and enhance those values 2 Management will be consistent with best-practice heritage management guidelines 3 Actions will be undertaken by people with expertise and experience of working on significant places 4 The history and heritage values of the PNHS will be communicated 5 Proposals for change will result in positive impacts on the heritage values of the PNHS 6 The community will have opportunities to participate in the management and care of the PNHS 7 The PNHS CMP will be reviewed and updated as required to ensure that it continues to provide appropriate guidance for management ii March 2017 • Issue E Tanner Kibble Denton Architects PNHS • Consolidated Conservation Management Plan—Part B Parramatta Gaol Site The Heritage Management Principles are discussed in more detail in Section 5.0 of Part A of the PNHS CMP. Tanner Kibble Denton Architects March 2017 • Issue E iii PNHS • Consolidated Conservation Management Plan—Part B Parramatta Gaol Site HOW TO USE THIS CONSOLIDATED CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN Each of the Parramatta North Historic Sites is of exceptional cultural heritage significance in its own right and together they make an important contribution to the significant collection of historic government institutions on the Parramatta River. In addition, Aboriginal cultural heritage values extend across all three sites as does the archaeology of the mill races associated with the Government watermill. It is therefore essential that each of the sites is managed cognisant of the values of the other sites and of their significant contribution to the PNHS as a whole. The structure of the PNHS CMP has been developed in consultation with the Heritage Division, Office of Environment and Heritage and with the Heritage Council of New South Wales, to provide easy access to information about the conservation management and future development of each site and the PNHS as a whole. The structure of the PNHS CMP is explained below and shown in the diagram on the following page. The PNHS CMP comprises three parts that should be read in conjunction with each other: Part A of the PNHS CMP provides an overview history of the PNHS; identifies the significance of the PNHS as a collection of historic sites; and establishes the over-arching principles, policies and guidelines that apply across all three sites. It also provides analysis of Aboriginal archaeology and cultural heritage values, historical archaeology and the broader cultural landscape of the PNHS. Part B of the PNHS CMP (of which this report forms part) comprises separate historical analysis and assessment of the heritage significance for the Cumberland Hospital (East Cell Wing 2 and Cell Wing 3. Campus) site, Parramatta Gaol site and Norma Parker Centre/Kamballa site. Part C of the PNHS CMP includes a detailed heritage assessment of the components within each management lot and/or precinct and provides specific conservation and development policies and guidelines for those components. The PNHS CMP has been prepared ahead
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