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University of Zakho ISSN:2410-7549 Kurdistan Region - Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Zakho ISSN:2410-7549 Journal University of Zakho A - Science Volume 4 June Number 1 2016 Journal University of Zakho A - Science Volume 4 June Number 1 2016 Journal University of Zakho, Vol. 4(A), No.1, 2016 Contents - THE EFFECTS OF GLYCERL TRINITRATE AND ADENOSINE 5- TRIPHOSPHATE ON ACTIVATION OF POTASSIUM CHANNEL-MEDIATED VASORELAXATION IN FEMALE RATS AORTIC SMOOTH MUSCLE. Omar A.M. Al-Habib and Chinar M. Mohammed …………….…………………………………….....1 - IMPACT OF NUTS CONSUMPTION ON ANTIOXIDANT STATUS AND PRO- OXIDANT PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY HUMAN VOLUNTEERS Omar A. M. Al-Habib , Suad Y. AL-Kass and Kajeen H. Jasim …………………………..………….. 9 - PROTECTIVE ROLE OF MELATONIN IN L-NAME INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN MALE ALBINO RATS Aveen R. Khdhr and Almas M. R. Mahmud ……………………………………………..………...... 18 - EFFECT OF HE-NE LASER ON BLOOD SERUM TESTOSTERONE AND TESTICULAR TISSUE IN ADULT MALE RATS Nazhad Hussein Qader, Nadem Hana Meikha and Basheer Mohamad Ali ……………………….… 25 - THE PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AMONG PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA IN DUHOK CITY Jamal Basheer Mohamed and Sipan Sarbast Haji ……........................................................................ 32 - MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF FASCIOLA SPP. ISOLATED FROM THE GALLBLADDER OF INFECTED CATTLE IN DUHOK PROVINCE, KURDISTAN REGION/ IRAQ Ahmed Basheer Mohammed, Awat Mustafa, Araz Ramadhan Issaand Wijdan Mohammed Salih Mero…………………………………………………………………………………………………... 37 - EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN SHEEP, CATTLE AND GOATS IN ERBIL PROVINCE Zuber Ismael Hassan, Wijdan Mohamad Salih Mero, Adriano Casulli, Maria Interisano, Belgees Boufana ……………………………………………………………………………………………..... 43 - CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES OF WORKERS OCCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO BENZENE IN A FUEL STATION IN ERBIL CITY- IRAQ Hazha Jama Hidayat, Mohammed Sdeeq Ismael and Hewa Husen Hasan …………..….................... 56 - MOLECULAR DETECTION OF VIRULENCE FACTORS OF ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS ISOLATED FROM URINE SAMPLES IN DUHOK CITY, KURDISTAN REGION/IRAQ. Haval Mohammed Khalid ………………………………………………………...…..……………… 63 Journal University of Zakho, Vol. 4(A), No.1, 2016 - ASSESSMENT THE RESPONSE OF CHICKPEA GENOTYPES TO AGROBACTERIUM -MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM Diaa Ayoub Ibrahim , Fateh Khatib and Michael Baum …………………………………………… 73 - PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF IRIS PERSICA L. (FLOWERS, LEAVES, BULBS AND RHIZOMES) COLLECTED IN KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ. Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Faiq Hama Saeed Hussain and Giovanni Vidari ………………………... 81 - PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS FOR FIVE PLANT SPECIES IN IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION Pshtiwan Adel Masum and Peshawa Shafiq Osw …………………...…............................................. 87 - FLOW INJECTION CHEMILUMINESCENCE DETERMINATION OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS Hijran Sanaan Jabbar ………………………………………………...…………………………......... 94 - A NEW CONJUGATE GRADIENT FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION BASED ON STEP SIZE OF BARZILAI AND BORWEIN Salah Gazi Shareef and Alaa Luqman Ibrahim ….……………………………………………..…... 104 - NEW QUASI-NEWTON (DFP) WITH LOGISTIC MAPPING Salah Gazi Shareef and Bayda Ghanim Fathi ……………………………….……………………… 115 - NEW CONJUGATE GRADIENT METHOD FOR UNCONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION WITH LOGISTIC MAPPING Salah Gazi Shareef, Hussein Ageel Khatab and Sawsan Sami Ismael …………………………...… 121 - ON THE NULLITY OF GENERALIZED ROOTED T-TUPLE WITH B- BRIDGE COALESCENCE GRAPHS Nechirvan Badal Ibrahim …………………………………….………………………………...…… 133 - APPROXIMATE SOLUTIONS FOR A MODEL OF REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEM WITH SLOW REACTION AND FAST DIFFUSION Shaker Mahmood Rasheed ………………………………….…………..…………………...……... 137 - EFFECT OF PRISMATIC SILL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FREE FLOW UNDER SLUICE GATE Shaker A. Jalil, Sarhan Abdulsatar Sarhan, Safa S. Ibrahim……….…………..………………….... 150 Journal University of Zakho, Vol. 4(A) , No.1, Pp 1-8, 2016 ISSN: 2410-7549 THE EFFECTS OF GLYCERL TRINITRATE AND ADENOSINE 5- TRIPHOSPHATE ON ACTIVATION OF POTASSIUM CHANNEL- MEDIATED VASORELAXATION IN FEMALE RATS AORTIC SMOOTH MUSCLE. Omar A.M. Al-Habib and Chinar M. Mohammed Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. (Accepted for publication: May 26, 2016) ABSTRACT: Nitric oxide (NO) is produced from virtually all cell types composing the cardiovascular tissue and regulates vascular function through fine regulation of excitation–contraction coupling. Endogenous metabolites play a major role in coronary autoregulation. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the contribution of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) mediated relaxation in rat aortic smooth muscle in intact and endothelium denuded endothelium rings precontracted with Phenylephrine (PE). The thoracic aorta was isolated, cut into rings, and mounted in organ-bath chambers and isometric tension was recorded using PowerLab Data Acquisition System (Model ML 870). The results showed that GTN as NO donor produced dose-dependent relaxation in intact aortic rings precontracted with PE (1 µM) that disinhibited in the presence of Glibenclamide (GLIB), while GLIB attenuate the response induced by ATP in intact aortic rings. L-nitroarginine methylester (L- NAME) an antagonist for nitric oxide synthases (NOS), not abolish the response induced by GTN (Emax 55.28% ± 0.18). Caffeine, ATP receptors antagonist, were partially inhibit the relaxation induced by ATP (vasodilation rate decreased by about 20.57 %). In endothelium denuded aortic rings, vasorelaxation induced by ATP were significantly attenuated , while GTN significantly increased relaxation by removing endothelium. These results suggested that (1) ATP-dependent potassium channel did not involve in GTN inducing vasorelaxation while KATP and A2B receptors have a role in ATP mediated vasorelation (2) ATP partially dependent on endothelium in contrast to NO donors that independent to endothelium. Keywords: Nitric oxide, Glyceryl trinitrate, Adenosine triphosphat, Potassium channels, Aorta. INTRODUCTION dependent activation of large-conductance Ca2+- activated K+ (K ) channels and associated itroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) is Ca membrane hyperpolarization, inhibition of L- widely used for the treatment of angina N type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, stimulation of pectoris. It is believed that the beneficial Ca2+-ATPases in both the plasma membrane and therapeutic effect of GTN is due to selective sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibition of inositol vasodilation of coronary arteries and venous trisphosphate receptors (Carvajal, Germain, capacitance vessels with minimal effect on Huidobro-Toro, & Weiner, 2000)and (Gewaltig arteriolar tone (Kleschyov et al., 2003). The & Kojda, 2002). antianginal drug GTN causes vasodilation Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is an through NO-mediated activation of vascular sGC important nucleotide with various functions (Matteo et al., 2008). including diverse effects on the cardiovascular Studies have shown that NO can activate system (Crecelius et al., 2011). Smooth muscle soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and increase the cells express ligand-gated P2X receptors (P2XR) level of cyclic Guanosine monophosphate and G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors (P2YR), (cGMP) in vascular tissue. This pathway of there is an emerging role of purinergic receptors cGMP/ Protien kinase G (PKG) plays a great as therapeutic targets in hypertension (Neshat et role in endothelium vasorelaxation (Maneesai et al., 2009). In vitro studies in a variety of tissues al., 2016) and (Bailey, Feelisch, Horowitz, have demonstrated that ATP-mediated Frenneaux, & Madhani, 2014). PKG, elicits vasodilation is endothelium dependent and relaxation in vascular smooth muscle cells occurs through the activation of endothelial G- VSMCs through a numerous of signaling protein-coupled P2Y receptors(Crecelius, et al., pathways, leading to decreased intracellular 2011). Many of the physiological effects of calcium ion concentration [Ca2+] and i neuronally released ATP in smooth muscle are desensitization of the contractile apparatus to influenced by the relaxant actions of P2YR Ca2+. However, evidences exist for PKG- 1 Journal University of Zakho, Vol. 4(A) , No.1, Pp 1-8, 2016 ISSN: 2410-7549 which are largely coupled to Gαq proteins for the measurement of isometric tension. The subunits and thus to the activation of rings were stretched until they exerted an phospholipase C (PLC) Indeed, the direct optimal basal tension of 2 g, and then were inhibitory response to ATP on smooth muscle allowed to equilibrate for 60 minutes with the has been proposed to involve PLC mediated bath fluid being changed every 15–20 minutes phosphoinositide hydrolysis and the subsequent (Deveci, 2006). The solution was bubbled with a ATP dependent production of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to mixture of 95% O2/5% CO2. In experiments evoke local Ca2+ release near the plasma with denuded endothelium, the endothelium was membrane via Ins(1,4,5)P3Rs. The [Ca2+]c rise, mechanically removed by gently rubbing the it is proposed, may activate Ca2+-activated K+ lumen of the vessel with a syringe needle (KCa) channels to hyperpolarize the plasma covered by a piece of cotton. Endothelial membrane and decrease bulk average [Ca2+] integrity was assessed qualitatively by the (MacMillan, Kennedy, & McCarron, 2012). degree of relaxation caused by acetylcholine (10 The current study was designed to evaluate µM) in the presence of contractile tone induced
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