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WARBLERS of OHIO C D G U I D E B O O K DIVISION of WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION Chest Warblers (Also Known As Wood-Warblers) Are One of the Avian Highlights of Nut- Spring

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WARBLERS of OHIO C D G U I D E B O O K DIVISION of WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION Chest Warblers (Also Known As Wood-Warblers) Are One of the Avian Highlights of Nut- Spring WARBLERS OF OHIO c d g u i d e b o o k DIVISION OF WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION Chest Warblers (also known as wood-warblers) are one of the avian highlights of nut- spring. Most species are highly migratory, wintering in the tropics of Central sid and South America. Without a doubt, warblers are one of the favorite ed w groups among birders; just look at the numerous excited comments a and Internet postings about them once the first spring migrants begin r b l to filter back into North America after another long winter. e r These flashy jewels are also a very important part of North America’s community of breeding birds. Thirty-eight species of warblers breed in eastern North America, and 25 species regularly nest in Robert Royse © Ohio. Including migrants that pass through on their way to more northerly breeding grounds, 37 species occur annually in Ohio. Four other vagrant warblers have been recorded, bringing Ohio’s Photo by: list of warblers to 41 species. Another four species of vagrants have been documented in the east, for a total of 45 species thus far recorded east of the Mississippi River. All are described in this booklet, and recordings of each are on the accompanying CD. Warblers belong to the family Parulidae, which comprises about Like many birds, warblers serve as excellent barometers of 116 species, all in the New World. Central and North changing environmental conditions. For instance, the highly migratory cerulean warbler is experiencing perhaps the fastest America have the greatest diversity, about 90 species, population decline of any North American warbler. Some while another 26 species occur strictly in South America. estimates state that the overall population has dropped These are tropical birds that probably evolved in the lush by 75 percent. Conversely, the chestnut-sided warbler forests of northern Central America, where the greatest diversity has increased markedly since European settlement. In his of species is still found. Many have developed highly migratory extensive wanderings across eastern North America two life cycles, as is the case with nearly all Ohio species. Most centuries ago, famed naturalist John James Audubon saw warblers that nest in Ohio spend the winter in places like Costa only one chestnut-sided. As the dense primeval forest was Rica, Panama, or even Colombia and Venezuela. They are truly opened for development, better conditions for this warbler global wanderers and could be thought of as tropical birds that were created, and it is now easy for a birder to see several make short visits to our latitude to breed. dozen chestnut-sided warblers on a good day in May. ABLE OF CONTENTS Tfront cover • Northern parula (photo by:©Robert Royse) / back cover • Black-and-white warbler (photo by:©Matthew Studebaker) 3 Warbler Migration and 22 • Tennessee warbler 35 • Blackburnian warbler 54 • Connecticut warbler Winter Distribution Map 23 • Orange-crowned warbler 36 • Yellow-throated warbler 55 • Mourning warbler 5 About this Booklet and CD 24 • Nashville warbler 37 • Pine warbler Genus Geothlypis 6 Songbird Anatomy Genus Parula 38 • Kirtland’s warbler 56 • Common yellowthroat 7 Warbler Morphology 25 • Northern parula 39 • Prairie warbler Genus Wilsonia 8 Songs and Calls 26 • Sutton’s warbler (S) 40 • Palm warbler 57 • Hooded warbler 9 Song Spectrograms Genus Dendroica 41 • Palm warbler (Eastern 58 • Wilson’s warbler 11 Behavior 27 • Yellow warbler subspecies) 59 • Canada warbler 12 Habitats 28 • Chestnut-sided warbler 42 • Bay-breasted warbler Genus Icteria 13 Finding Warblers 29 • Magnolia warbler 43 • Blackpoll warbler 60 • Yellow-breasted chat 14 Ecotourism 30 • Cape May warbler 44 • Cerulean warbler Accidental Species 15 Warbler Hotspots 31 • Black-throated blue Genus Mniotilta 61 • Virginia’s warbler 18 Warbler Conservation warbler 45 • Black-and-white warbler 61 • Lucy’s warbler Genus Vermivora 32 • Yellow-rumped warbler Genus Setophaga 62 • Black-throated gray warbler 19 • Blue-winged warbler 33 • Audubon’s warbler (S) 46 • American redstart 62 • Townsend’s warbler 20 • Golden-winged warbler 34 • Black-throated green Genus Protonotaria 63 • Hermit warbler 21 • Brewster’s warbler (H) warbler 47 • Prothonotary warbler 63 • MacGillivray’s warbler 21 • Lawrence’s warbler (H) Genus Helmitheros 64 • Painted redstart 48 • Worm-eating warbler 65 Birding Groups & Genus Lymnothlypis Organizations in Ohio 49 • Swainson’s warbler 67 Fast Facts Genus Seiurus 68 Birds in the Background 50 • Ovenbird 69 References & 51 • Northern waterthrush Acknowledgements 52 • Louisiana waterthrush r le Genus Oporornis (H) – denotes hybrid Brian Zwiebel b © ar 53 • Kentucky warbler (S) – denotes subspecies da w Cana Photo by: ARBLER MIGRATION W WINTER DISTRIBUTION& BLUE-WINGED WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, West Indies GOLDEN-WINGED WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, West Indies TENNESSEE WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, West Indies, United States ORANGE-CROWNED WARBLER – United States, Mexico, Guatemala, 26+ West Indies Canada NASHVILLE WARBLER – United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, West Indies 21–25 NORTHERN PARULA – West Indies, United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica United States YELLOW WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa 16–20 Rica, Panama, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, West Indies B la CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, ck p o Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama ll 11–15 W a r b MAGNOLIA WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, l Number of Species e r Costa Rica, Panama, West Indies Mexico West Indies CAPE MAY WARBLER – West Indies, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, 6–10 Costa Rica, Panama Belize Honduras BLACK-THROATED BLUE WARBLER – West Indies, Mexico, Honduras Nicaragua 1–5 Guatemala Costa Rica Panama Guyana El Salvador Venezuela Suriname French Guiana Colombia Ecuador YELLOW-RUMPED WARBLER (myrtle group) – United States, Mexico, West Indies, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama BLACK-THROATED GREEN WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Peru Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, West Indies Brazil BLACKBURNIAN WARBLER – Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru YELLOW-THROATED WARBLER (subspecies albilora) – United States, Bolivia Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua Chile Paraguay PINE WARBLER – United States KIRTLAND’S WARBLER – West Indies NORTHERN WATERTHRUSH – United States, West Indies, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Argentina PRAIRIE WARBLER – United States, West Indies, Mexico, Honduras Panama, Colombia, Venezuela PALM WARBLER – United States, West Indies, Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica Uruguay LOUISIANA WATERTHRUSH – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, West Indies BAY-BREASTED WARBLER – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela KENTUCKY WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, 4 BLACKPOLL WARBLER – Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Argentina Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela CERULEAN WARBLER – Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil CONNECTICUT WARBLER – Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil BLACK-AND-WHITE WARBLER – United States, West Indies, Mexico, Guatemala, MOURNING WARBLER – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador Ecuador, Venezuela AMERICAN REDSTART – United States, West Indies, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, COMMON YELLOWTHROAT – United States, Mexico, West Indies, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama PROTHONOTARY WARBLER – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, HOODED WARBLER – Mexico, West Indies, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, West Indies Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama WORM-EATING WARBLER – West Indies, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, WILSON’S WARBLER – United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama SWAINSON’S WARBLER – West Indies, Mexico CANADA WARBLER – Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru OVENBIRD – Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT – United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, United States, West Indies Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama WARBLERS OF OHIO & EASTERN NORTH AMERICA ABOUT THIS BOOK AND CD All 38 species of warblers that breed in species name eastern North America are described in this booklet, and their songs and calls are included on the accompanying CD. gender An additional seven species that are rare vagrants – all from the western U.S. – are track number summarized at the end of the booklet and their songs are included at the end of the CD. As the emphasis of this project is on warbler vocalizations, only birds in breeding plumage are depicted in the photographs nesting habitat and females are only shown for species in which the sexes differ markedly. In a few cases, notable subspecies that can be recognized in the field are described, and song their songs included on the CD. Likewise, a few noteworthy hybrids are also included. Also shown are maps of each species’ total breeding range, and a chart of migration call and summering dates for each species for breeding range map Ohio. The species in this booklet and CD are arranged in taxonomic order, and separated by genus. This type of arrangement reflects seasonal abundance the apparent evolutionary
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