ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

Rutherford Avenue City of Boston

September 30, 2019

Prepared For: MassDOT

Prepared By: BETA Group, Inc.

Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Table of Contents

Background ...... 1

RSA Process ...... 1

Project Description ...... 3

Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements...... 15

Summary of Road Safety Audit ...... 36 List of Appendices

Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data

List of Figures

Figure 1: Locus Map ...... 4 Figure 2: Location Detail –Rutherford Avenue at Chelsea Street ...... 5 Figure 3: Location Detail –Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge Ramps ...... 7 Figure 4: Location Detail –Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street ...... 9 Figure 5: Location Detail –Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp ...... 11 Figure 6: Location Detail –Sullivan Square ...... 12

List of Tables

Table 1: Participating Audit Team Members ...... 2 Table 2: Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown ...... 36 Table 3: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – All Locations ...... 37 Table 4: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp ...... 40 Table 5: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps ...... 42 Table 6: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge44 Table 7: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Cambridge Street at I-93 Northhbound Off- Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit and Cambridge Street at Spice Street ...... 46 Table 8: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Sullivan Square ...... 47

Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Background

The Federal Highway Administration defines a Road Safety Audit (RSA) as the formal safety examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team. The purpose of an RSA is to identify potential safety issues and possible opportunities for safety improvements considering all roadway users. A Road Safety Audit was scheduled for High Crash Locations along Rutherford Avenue from City Square (Chelsea Street) to Sullivan Square, as well as the intersection of Cambridge Street at the I-93 Northbound Off-ramp and Spice Street, because the City of Boston and MassDOT have initiated a project to reconstruct Rutherford Avenue from City Square to Sullivan Square (MassDOT File No. 606226). The RSA is intended to identify potential short and long term safety improvements that can be made at each intersection and along the corridor, which can then be implemented through general maintenance for short term low cost improvements or incorporated into the future project to the greatest extent practicable.

RSA Process

A Road Safety Audit for High Crash Locations along Rutherford Avenue in the Charlestown neighborhood in the City of Boston was held on Wednesday, August 14, 2019 at the Knights of Columbus in Charlestown, MA. As indicated in Table 1, the audit team consisted of representatives from State, Regional and Local agencies and included a cross-section of engineering, planning, advocacy and emergency response expertise. The agenda for the RSA meeting is provided in Appendix A of this report, and contact information for participating audit team members is included in Appendix B.

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Table 1: Participating Audit Team Members Audit Team Member Agency/Affiliation Ana Fill MassDOT Traffic Safety Michelle Deng MassDOT Traffic Safety Sarah Bakhtiari MassDOT Traffic Safety Hameed Pervez MassDOT District 6 Geraldine Vatan MassDOT District 6 Courtney Worhunsky MassDOT District 6 Thomas Brennan MassDOT District 6 Chris Sarno MassDOT District 6 Zach Veaner MassDOT District 6 Christopher Cameron MassDOT District 6 Alwin Ramirez MassDOT Bridge Project Management Sean Mills MBTA Karen Burns MBTA David Burke Massachusetts State Police Chris Comeaux Boston Transportation Department Bill Conroy Boston Transportation Department Quinlan Locke Boston Mayor’s Office Kevin Jordan Boston Fire Department Robert T. Luongo Boston Police Department David Loutzenheiser MAPC Bill Kuttner CTPS Ambar Johnson LivableStreets Alliance Thomas Nally A Better City Becca Wolfson Boston Cyclists Union Wendy Landman Walk Boston Erik Maki Tetra Tech Greg Lucas BETA Group, Inc. Justin Curewitz BETA Group, Inc. Amy Allen BETA Group, Inc.

Background material including crash history, as well as the Safety Prompt List, were provided to audit team members prior to the RSA. These materials were reviewed during the RSA meeting, then audit participants were asked to discuss safety issues at the high crash locations along Rutherford Avenue and Cambridge Street. Audit participants then conducted a site visit as a group, at which time they offered observations on safety issues and concerns. Finally, audit participants were asked to consider improvements, considering both short- and long-term improvements for each issue.

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Project Description

Rutherford Avenue/New Rutherford Avenue, shown in in Figure 1, is an Urban Principal Arterial under City of Boston jurisdiction. Rutherford Avenue is designated as Route 99 within the study area. Rutherford Avenue follows a general north-south alignment, and is a critical connection between Boston, Charlestown, Everett and points north. The southern end of Rutherford Avenue connects to Boston via the North Washington Bridge, which carries North Washington Street and connects with Causeway Street and Commercial Street in Boston’s North End. The northern end of the project is Sullivan Square, a large rotary providing connection to local arterials serving Charlestown and Somerville, as well as the MBTA Sullivan Square Orange Line station. Route 99 follows Alford Street north from Sullivan Square, crossing the Mystic River into Everett and providing connection to the Encore Boston Harbor casino.

Descriptions are provided herein for each of the High Crash Locations included in the RSA. To avoid confusion, the corridor is consistently referred to as Rutherford Avenue within the report, although portions of it are formally named New Rutherford Avenue.

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp

Rutherford Avenue, North Washington Street, Chelsea Street, and the I-93 Southbound On-Ramp form a 4-legged intersection under traffic signal control, shown in Figure 2. The North Washington Street northbound approach provides three through lanes and a channelized right-turn lane. The Rutherford Avenue southbound approach provides an exclusive left-turn lane, three through lanes, and a channelized right-turn lane. The Chelsea Street westbound approach provides an exclusive left-turn lane, a shared left- through lane, and an exclusive right-turn lane. The I-93 SB On-Ramp is one way departing the intersection, with an island separating the channelized right turn from Rutherford Avenue from the shared departure lane from Chelsea Street. The North Washington Street, Rutherford Avenue and Chelsea Street legs are all median divided at the intersection. Triangular channelizing islands are present on the southwest and northeast corners of the intersection. City Square Park is located on the northwest corner of the intersection, and Paul Revere Park is on the southeast corner.

Sidewalks are provided along both sides of Rutherford Avenue, North Washington Street, and Chelsea Street. Crosswalks are provided across the Chelsea Street and North Washington legs of the intersection, and across the I-95 Southbound On-Ramp, although the crosswalk across the channelized right turn lane from Rutherford Avenue onto the I-93 ramp is very faded and barely visible. Pedestrian cut-throughs are provided on the triangular channelizing islands on the southwest and northeast corners, and through the median island dividing the North Washington Street leg of the intersection. The median island on the Chelsea Street leg protrudes into the crosswalk. Pedestrian pushbuttons activate pedestrian phases at all crossings except for the crosswalk across the channelized right turn lane from Rutherford Avenue onto the I-93 ramp, which is uncontrolled.

Crash data provided by the Boston Police Department and MassDOT show 33 crashes occurred for the three-year period from 2015 through 2017. A crash data summary and a collision diagram are included in the Appendix. It should be noted that crash information is known to potentially be incomplete. Nine of 33 crashes are not shown on the collision diagram because of limited data. Of the 24 crashes with sufficient

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Road Safety Audit Rutherford Avenue Figure 1

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Road Safety Audit Figure 2 Rutherford Avenue Location Detail Boston, MA Rutherford Avenue at Chelsea Street Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

data to be shown on the collision diagram, 36% were rear-ends, 25% were single vehicle crashes, and 21% were angle crashes. 19 of 33 crashes resulted in non-fatal injuries.

Rear-end crashes were most common on the Rutherford Avenue southbound approach, heading towards the city of Boston. The most common 2-hour time period for crashes was from 6:00 AM to 8:00 AM.

Of note are four reported crashes involving pedestrians and one involving a bicyclist. Two of the pedestrian crashes occurred on the Chelsea Street approach, one on the North Washington Street approach, and one on the Rutherford Avenue approach. The Rutherford Avenue pedestrian crash involved a motor vehicle striking a police officer who was directing traffic following a prior crash. The bicycle crash involved a cyclist who slipped on wet pavement.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps

Rutherford Avenue and the Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps form a 3-legged intersection under traffic signal control, shown in Figure 3. The Rutherford Avenue northbound approach provides an exclusive left-turn lane and four through lanes, with the right lane marked as a right turn lane for traffic bound for Austin Street. The Rutherford Avenue southbound approach provides four through lanes and a channelized right-turn lane. The Tobin Bridge off-ramp approach provides two left-turn lanes and two channelized right-turn lanes. Rutherford Avenue is median divided on both sides of the Tobin Bridge ramps. Triangular channelizing islands are present on both sides of the Tobin Bridge ramps.

Sidewalks are provided on both sides of Rutherford Avenue and a wide sidewalk along the west side of the on-ramp carries the Millers River Littoral Way providing access to the Millers River Potato Monument.

Crosswalks are provided across the Tobin Bridge ramps and the northern leg of Rutherford Avenue with pedestrian cut-throughs provided for the northern leg of Rutherford Avenue and for the triangular channelizing island separating the Tobin Bridge on-ramp lanes. The larger triangular island separating the Tobin Bridge off-ramp lanes has ramps to bring pedestrians to the raised island surface. The crosswalk across the channelized right turn from Rutherford Avenue southbound to the on-ramp can no longer be seen. Pedestrian pushbuttons activate pedestrian phases at all crossings except for the crosswalk across the channelized right turn lane from Rutherford Avenue onto the Tobin Bridge on-ramp, which is uncontrolled.

Crash data provided by the Boston Police Department and MassDOT show 22 crashes occurred for the three-year period from 2015 through 2017. A crash data summary and a collision diagram are included in the Appendix. It should be noted that crash information is known to potentially be incomplete. Three of 22 crashes are not shown on the collision diagram because of limited data. Of the 19 crashes with sufficient data to be shown on the collision diagram, the most prevalent crash type was sideswipe, comprising 38% of total crashes. Sideswipe crashes were most common on the Tobin Bridge off-ramp, potentially due to drivers jockeying for position as the two-lane ramp transitions to two lanes each for both left and right turns to Rutherford Avenue. 24% of crashes were rear-end crashes, with one on Rutherford Avenue southbound, one on the Tobin Bridge off-ramp, one departing the intersection northbound, and two departing the intersection on the Tobin Bridge on-ramp. Three single vehicle crashes

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Figure 3 Road Safety Audit Rutherford Avenue Location Detail Boston, MA Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge Ramps Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

occurred at the intersection, as well as one pedestrian crash and one bicycle crash. The pedestrian crash occurred crossing the channelized right turn from the Tobin Bridge off-ramp to Rutherford Avenue southbound, while the bicycle crash occurred on Rutherford Avenue northbound with a cyclist noted to be weaving between vehicles.

Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge

Rutherford Avenue and Austin Street intersect to form a complex 4-legged intersection under traffic signal control, shown in Figure 4. An underpass is provided to allow three lanes in each direction to continue unimpeded under the intersection. Ramps are provided to and from Rutherford Avenue in each direction to provide connections to and from Austin Street and the Gilmore Bridge. Austin Street and the Gilmore Bridge are classified as an Urban Principal Arterial in the vicinity of Rutherford Avenue, and are under City of Boston jurisdiction. The Gilmore Bridge is under MassDOT jurisdiction west of Rutherford Avenue, and continues above grade to the west, passing under I-93 and terminating at a surface grade intersection with Charles River Dam Road (Route 28) and Edwin Land Boulevard in Cambridge. Bunker Hill Community College (BHCC) is located on the northwest corner of the intersection, and a retail plaza with a 99 Restaurant is located on the northeast corner.

The Rutherford Avenue northbound ramp to Austin Street begins as a single-lane ramp but widens to provide an exclusive left-turn lane and a shared left/through/right-turn lane. The Rutherford Avenue southbound ramp to Austin Street is striped as two lanes and provides a shared through/left-turn lane and a wide channelized right turn lane. The Austin Street westbound approach provides a shared through/left- turn lane and a shared through/right-turn lane. The Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge eastbound approach provides an exclusive left-turn lane, a shared through/left-turn lane, and a channelized right-turn lane. The Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge approaches carry through past the ramps to the center portion of the intersection over the underpass, where directional lanes are separated by an elliptical football-shaped island. Channelized U-turns are provided for the ramps from Rutherford Avenue in each direction, such that U-turning vehicles are not required to enter the signalized intersection.

Sidewalks are provided along both sides of Rutherford Avenue and the eastern leg of Austin Street. A sidewalk is provided on the north side of the Gilmore Bridge. Crosswalks are provided across all legs of the intersection and pedestrian pushbuttons activate pedestrian phases at all crossings. Additionally, a pedestrian overpass is provided from BHCC to the retail parking lot approximately 140 feet north of the intersection. Although the pedestrian overpass provides a means to cross Rutherford Avenue, many pedestrians cross through the intersection because it is a more direct path.

Crash data provided by the Boston Police Department and MassDOT show 18 crashes occurred for the three-year period from 2015 through 2017. A crash data summary and a collision diagram are included in the Appendix. It should be noted that crash information is known to potentially be incomplete. Five of 18 crashes are not shown on the collision diagram because of limited data. Of the 13 crashes with sufficient data to be shown on the collision diagram, the majority of crashes were rear-ends, comprising 50% of total crashes. Six rear-end crashes occurred on the Gilmore Bridge eastbound approach, and one occurred on the Rutherford Avenue southbound approach. 31% of all crashes were sideswipes.

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Road Safety Audit Figure 4 Rutherford Avenue Location Detail Boston, MA New Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit

Cambridge Street, the I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp, and the Sullivan Square MBTA Station bus exit intersect to form a 4-legged intersection under traffic signal control, shown in Figure 5. The I-93 northbound ramp provides a shared left and right-turn lane and an exclusive right-turn lane. The Sullivan Square station bus exit provides a single right-turn only lane. The Cambridge Street eastbound and westbound approaches each provide two through lanes and a bicycle lane. The intersection was reconstructed in Spring 2019, and previously provided separate left and right turn lanes for the I-93 off- ramp at Cambridge Street.

Cambridge Street is classified as an Urban Principal Arterial under City of Boston jurisdiction. The I-93 off-ramp is under MassDOT jurisdiction. The Sullivan Square busway is under MBTA jurisdiction.

Sidewalks are provided along both sides of Cambridge Street. Crosswalks are provided across the Sullivan Square Station bus exit, the I-93 northbound off-ramp, and the western leg of Cambridge Street. Pedestrian pushbuttons activate concurrent pedestrian phases at all crossings, with a leading pedestrian interval for the Cambridge Street crossing.

Crash data provided by the Boston Police Department and MassDOT show 22 crashes occurred for the three-year period from 2015 through 2017. Crash data provided pre-dates improvements at the intersection. A crash data summary and a collision diagram are included in the Appendix. It should be noted that crash information is known to potentially be incomplete. 13 of 22 crashes are not shown on the collision diagram because of limited data. Of the nine crashes with sufficient data to be shown on the collision diagram, the majority were rear-end crashes, comprising 70% of plotted crashes. All rear-end crashes shown occurred on the I-93 off-ramp. 18 of the 22 crashes resulted in non-fatal injuries. One crash resulted in a fatal injury in which a motorcycle ran off the road and struck a curb and then a wall.

Crash data were also provided by the Boston Police Department and MassDOT for the intersection of Cambridge Street and Spice Street, which is not identified as a high crash location. Ten crashes occurred for the three-year period from 2015 through 2017. A crash data summary and a collision diagram are included in the Appendix. Just one crash, a westbound rear-end crash, is shown on the collision diagram; the remaining nine crashes were reported from Boston EMS and do not provide complete data.

Sullivan Square

Sullivan Square is a large traffic circle, shown in Figure 6, providing connection between Rutherford Avenue, Alford Street, Main Street, Cambridge Street, and Maffa Way. Rutherford Avenue, Alford Street, Maffa Way, and Main Street west of Sullivan Square are all classified as Urban Principal Arterials, while Main Street east of Sullivan Square is an Urban Minor Arterial. All streets are under City of Boston jurisdiction.

A traffic signal controls the intersection of Cambridge Street, Maffa Way, Alford Street (via the circulating roadway), and Rutherford Avenue in the southwestern corner of Sullivan Square. At this intersection, the Maffa Way southeastbound approach provides an exclusive left-turn lane

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Road Safety Audit Figure 6 Rutherford Avenue Location Detail Boston, MA Sullivan Square Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

into the rotary, a shared lane for entering the rotary and providing access to Rutherford Avenue southbound, an additional through lane to Rutherford Avenue, and an exclusive right-turn lane to Cambridge Street. The Cambridge Street eastbound approach provides a lane to enter the traffic circle as well as a shared lane which can be used to either enter the traffic circle or turn onto Rutherford Avenue southbound. The circulating roadway southbound approach is divided by a splitter island with two lanes on each side. On the east side of the island is an exclusive left-turn lane for staying in the traffic circle and a shared left-turn/through lane for either staying in the traffic circle or continuing south onto Rutherford Avenue. On the west side of the island are two through lanes for continuing onto Cambridge Street westbound.

The Rutherford Avenue and Main Street northbound approaches as well as the Alford Street southbound approach to Sullivan Square each provide two yield-controlled lanes entering the traffic circle. Within the traffic circle, two lanes circulate with additional lanes at some exits.

Sidewalks are provided along both sides of the Main Street, Maffa Way, and Cambridge Street entry and exit roadway connections to Sullivan Square, and along the outside of the entering and exiting median- divided roadway connections from Rutherford Avenue and Alford Street. Sidewalk is also provided along the outside of the traffic circle circulating roadways. Crosswalks are provided across each approach and exit, and are controlled by pedestrian signals, rectangular rapid flashing beacons (RRFBs), or yield control. Bicycle lanes are provided on the Main Street, Maffa Way, Cambridge Street, and Alford Street approaches entering the circle, and bicycle lanes with painted buffers are mostly provided within the traffic circle, although connection between the southbound circulating roadway at Cambridge Street and the circulating roadway approaching the Rutherford Avenue exit requires use of a two-stage bike box and a shared lane with vehicles. A sidewalk connection is provided to Ryan Playground located to the northeast of the circle, and Boston Harborwalk borders the Mystic River to the north and east of the playground.

Crash data provided by the Boston Police Department and MassDOT show 43 crashes occurred for the three-year period from 2015 through 2017. Crash data predates improvements at Sullivan Square which were completed in Spring 2019. A crash data summary and a collision diagram are included in the Appendix. It should be noted that crash information is known to potentially be incomplete. Ten of 43 crashes are not shown on the collision diagram because of limited data. Of the 33 crashes with sufficient data to be shown on the collision diagram, 33% of crashes were sideswipes, 25% were angle crashes, and 22% were single vehicle crashes. Rear-end crashes occurred on both the Alford Street and Rutherford Avenue entries to the circle, while sideswipe crashes were most prevalent on the Rutherford Avenue northbound approach and in the circle between Rutherford Avenue and Main Street, as well as on the Cambridge Street approach and between Cambridge Street and Rutherford Avenue. Crash clusters were reported at the Rutherford Avenue entry and exit points from the circle, and at the Alford Street southbound entrance to the circle.

A number of bicycle and pedestrian related crashes occurred at Sullivan Square. Two of three crashes involving a cyclist in the area of the Rutherford Avenue exit roadway noted that the motorist failed the yield to the cyclist, while the third involved a vehicle maneuvering around another vehicle and striking a cyclist. Two bicycle related crashes involve vehicles entering the circle from Rutherford Avenue colliding with cyclists that the driver did not see. Additional recorded bicycle-related crashes include a driver

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entering from Main Street westbound failing to yield to a cyclist, a cyclist struck in the circulating roadway on the east side of the circle between Main Street and Alford Street, and a cyclist who was struck after failing to stop entering the circle from Alford Street. Two recorded pedestrian crashes occurred, one involving a vehicle entering from Rutherford Avenue who struck a pedestrian, and one involving a vehicle departing to Rutherford Avenue where the driver did not see the pedestrian. As previously noted, all crashes occurred prior to the recent improvements made at Sullivan Square.

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Audit Observations and Potential Safety Enhancements

Following a brief introduction to the RSA process and a discussion of existing geometry and crash information, the audit participants were asked to discuss safety issues at High Crash Locations along Rutherford Avenue, including Sullivan Square, as well as at the intersections of Cambridge Street and the I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp and Spice Street. Audit participants conducted a site visit as a group to the three intersections along Rutherford Avenue, at which time they offered observations on safety issues and concerns. Aerial and Google Street View imagery were also utilized during the meeting to spur observations and discussion on safety issues and concerns at all locations. Finally, audit participants were asked to consider improvements, considering both short- and long-term improvements for each issue. A summary of safety considerations and the potential enhancements identified during the RSA is as follows: Safety Issue #1: Pedestrian Accommodation

Observations:

Pedestrian accommodation is vitally important along the Rutherford Avenue corridor, which has connections to pedestrian desire points within the study area including Boston’s North End via North Washington Street, the Freedom Trail, City Square Park, Paul Revere Park, Galvin Memorial Park, Miller’s River Littoral Way and Millers River Potato Monument, Bunker Hill Community College (BHCC), the MBTA Orange Line Community College and Sullivan Square stations, Ryan Playground, and the Boston Harborwalk. It is also essential to provide pedestrian connections to and from abutting neighborhoods and commercial uses. Seven pedestrian involved crashes were reported along the corridor, and due to potential underreporting additional crashes may have occurred.

Sidewalk surfaces are not consistent at all intersections, with some broken panels and instances of debris blocking the pedestrian path. Detectable warning panels are not consistently provided at all crossings. Furthermore, faded crosswalk markings and lack of warning signage for pedestrians also reduce awareness and visibility of pedestrians for approaching drivers. Pedestrian pushbuttons at signalized locations along Image 1: Typical Faded Crosswalk with Missing Detectable Warning Rutherford Avenue were not consistently working when tested Panel (Rutherford Ave Northbound during the field walk on the day of the audit. on-ramp from Austin Street)

Specific pedestrian-related safety issues by location are as follows:

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Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

This intersection requires a long, two-stage crossing for pedestrians wishing to cross Rutherford Avenue. Undue delay for pedestrians may cause them to ignore pedestrian signals and cross outside of their protected period within the signal cycle.

It was noted that local signage directs pedestrians to use the underpass that carries Water Street under North Washington Street immediately east of Chelsea Street to access Paul Revere Park, rather than crossing at grade. Despite this direction, abundant pedestrian activity was observed in the intersection on the day of the audit. Pedestrians and bicyclists crossing North Washington Street and pedestrians crossing Chelsea Street (including the Freedom Trail) must share space on the small triangular channelizing island on the northeast corner, which proved to be inadequate to serve pedestrian demand on the day of the audit. In general, cut-through widths on the channelizing islands on the northeast and southwest corners may be inadequate to serve pedestrian demand. It should also be noted that the median island on the Chelsea Street leg of the Image 2: Protruding Island on Chelsea Street approach intersection protrudes into the crosswalk.

Several pedestrian-related safety issues were identified for the channelized right turn entering I-93 Southbound. The crosswalk at this location was faded, and no pushbuttons or protected pedestrian signal phase are provided across this ramp. The lack of a protected crossing reduces safety for pedestrians and reduces awareness of pedestrians for approaching motorists, who are likely anticipating increasing speed as they enter a highway ramp.

The brick wall along the back of sidewalk on the southwest corner of the intersection was crumbling, creating a potential safety issue for pedestrians both due to fallen brick and the threat of being impacted by falling bricks.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

This intersection also has faded crosswalk markings across the channelized right turn from Rutherford Avenue southbound, and lacks a protected signal crossing for pedestrians, reducing awareness of pedestrians for vehicles turning right onto the Tobin Bridge.

The intersection also requires a two-stage crossing for pedestrians crossing Rutherford Avenue, and has a cut-through path narrower than the crosswalks connecting to it from each side.

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Sand and other debris was present inside the pedestrian cut- through paths in the channelizing island on the southwest corner. This can be the result of poor drainage, which causes debris to settle in this area.

Audit participants debated the purpose of a larger ramp opening not serving a crosswalk which exists immediately east of the channelized right turn from the Tobin Bridge ramp. Google Street View imagery suggests that this ramp was utilized as a driveway to access the grass area behind the sidewalk based on worn tire paths, but the present condition does not show worn tire paths and has a consistent grass surface. The sidewalk surface of the ramp has extensive cracking and an inconsistent surface, which may not be ADA Image 3: Sand and Debris in Cut- compliant and can result in confusion for blind or low vision Through Area pedestrians.

Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge:

Pedestrian paths across the bridge at this intersection utilize the raised islands separating the center of the intersection from the channelized U-turn ramps on each side. As a result, pedestrians must navigate inconsistent surfaces including bridge joints and raised obstacles including signal posts, sign posts, and light poles. The crosswalk across the west leg of the intersection has a center median protruding into the crosswalk, with vent pipes in the median in direct line with the crosswalk.

Although a pedestrian bridge is provided immediately north of this intersection, audit participants noted that pedestrians cross at-grade because the pedestrian bridge requires a more circuitous path. Pedestrians must climb either by stair or by ramp on the east side and are directed into the BHCC campus. It was noted that the path provided by the bridge would only be advantageous to a pedestrian destined for the college or for the adjacent Orange Line stop. Image 4: Island and Vent Pipes obstructing crosswalk ADA compliance of the crosswalk and ramps at the BHCC exit driveway at the Rutherford Avenue southbound ramp to Austin Street was also questioned. Detectable warning panels are present, but do not line up with the pedestrian path.

In addition, an electrical cabinet on the southwest corner of the intersection blocks visibility of pedestrians on the sidewalk for drivers approaching and turning right from the Gilmore Bridge.

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Audit participants also noted that there is a steep ramp connecting the dead-end stub of Washington Street to the intersection sidewalk on the southeast corner, and that an errant bicyclist or wheelchair could roll into the street from this ramp.

Sullivan Square:

Pedestrian desire lines at Sullivan Square are especially critical to serve the abutting neighborhoods and the Sullivan Square Orange Line station. Audit participants mentioned that desire lines are not presently well-served between the neighborhoods and the MBTA station.

It was also noted by audit participants that pedestrian paths exist north and south of the Mystic River accessible via Alford Street, and that it would be advantageous for pedestrians to be able to safely cross Alford Street between Sullivan Square and the bridge crossing the Mystic River.

A field visit prior to the audit revealed that vehicles are entering the circle from Cambridge Street after the walk sign comes on for pedestrians to cross Cambridge Street. This is likely due to congestion, driver frustration/aggression and red light running, and does not necessarily indicate a conflict in signal control but may be indicative of inadequate clearance times.

The Main Street exit on the west side of the circle was also identified as a potential pedestrian safety conflict point. Two travel lanes are provided exiting the circle, and so a vehicle stopped in the right lane for a pedestrian on the right side would in fact block visibility of the pedestrian for a vehicle navigating the turn from the left lane. This same condition exists for the Rutherford Avenue departure.

Enhancements:

All Locations:

• Reconstruct ramps at all intersections within the study area for ADA compliance, including detectable warning panels.

• Reconstruct sidewalks and maintain consistent clear zone meeting ADA and AAB guidelines.

• Restripe crosswalks with high visibility markings to increase conspicuousness and awareness. This can be a long-term improvement as part of the project but can also be a focused effort in the short-term to reapply markings to faded crosswalks.

• Test all pushbuttons at all locations in the short-term and replace non-functioning units. Also, upgrade all pushbuttons long-term with accessible pedestrian signal (APS)-style pedestrian pushbuttons with aligned arrows to designate which crossing they control.

• Provide countdown pedestrian signal heads at all signalized crossing locations.

• Review pedestrian crossing times and pedestrian phasing at all locations to determine if crossing times meet minimum standards established by the MUTCD and MassDOT, and whether

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pedestrian phasing can be modified to reduce crossing and wait times for pedestrians. Consider incorporating leading pedestrian intervals (LPIs) where appropriate.

• Improve wayfinding signage for pedestrians along Rutherford Avenue to parks, paths, MBTA stations and other destinations desired by pedestrians.

• Provide advanced warning signage for pedestrians at crossing locations.

• Consider shorter cycle lengths for traffic signals. Shorter cycle lengths would reduce pedestrian wait times.

• Consider the potential to reduce crosswalk lengths, either through narrowing or reducing travel lanes or providing curb extensions, where feasible.

• Evaluate the potential for concurrent pedestrian crossings. Concurrent crossings can also reduce pedestrian delay, but the potential for conflicts between pedestrians and turning vehicles must be considered.

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

• Review pedestrian crossing times at the intersection to determine if a single stage crossing of Rutherford Avenue can be provided.

• Remove the nose of the median island on the Chelsea Street approach in order to eliminate the obstruction for pedestrians.

• Modify islands and cut-throughs at the intersection to provide additional crossing and waiting space for pedestrians.

• Review the crosswalk across Chelsea Street to determine if it is sized appropriately to accommodate pedestrian demand.

• Consider a larger median to provide pedestrian refuge on the North Washington Street leg. The North Washington Street approach presently has a large painted gore area where a left turn lane was previously provided.

• Add pedestrian signals and pushbuttons for the crosswalk across the channelized right turn entering I-93 Southbound.

• Repair the brick wall on the southwest corner of the intersection.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

• Review pedestrian crossing times at the intersection to determine if a single stage crossing of Rutherford Avenue can be provided.

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• Add pedestrian signals and pushbuttons for the crosswalk across the channelized right turn entering the Tobin Bridge ramp.

• Modify islands and cut-throughs at the intersection to provide additional crossing and waiting space for pedestrians.

• Remove debris along all pedestrian paths, with a specific focus on the channelizing island on the southwest corner.

• Review drainage to determine if deficiencies exist which contribute to debris build-up.

• Investigate whether the large sidewalk ramp on the southeast corner of the intersection is used for vehicle access to the grass area behind the sidewalk. If it is not needed, eliminate the ramp to restore a consistent sidewalk surface. If needed, consider reconstructing with reinforced sidewalk with mountable curb, or provide a standard driveway treatment.

Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge:

• Provide consistent, aligned, clear paths for pedestrians as part of intersection reconstruction.

• Modify island on the west leg of the intersection to provide clear width for the crosswalk. Investigate the potential to relocate or eliminate vent pipes that would further obstruct pedestrian passage.

• Investigate the potential to provide a connection from the sidewalk along the west side of Rutherford Avenue to the existing pedestrian overpass, which would provide a more direct connection for pedestrians to utilize the overpass. Also investigate the potential for a direct ramp or stairs from the northeast corner of the intersection, to provide a more direct connection from Austin Street to BHCC and the Gilmore Bridge via the overpass.

• Review ADA compliance of the crosswalk at the BHCC exit driveway.

• Relocate traffic signal/electrical cabinet on the southwest corner of the intersection to improve visibility of pedestrians to approaching drivers.

• On the southeast corner of the intersection, consider replacing the steep concrete ramp connecting Washington Street to the intersection with stairs. A more gradual asphalt ramp is already provided adjacent to the concrete ramp.

Sullivan Square:

• Review pedestrian desire lines through and around Sullivan Square, and provide connections within the proposed design that serve these desire lines.

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• Consider a crossing of Alford Street to improve pedestrian access to existing and proposed paths on both sides of the Mystic River. A High Intensity Activated Crosswalk Beacon (HAWK) signal should be evaluated.

• Consider center medians for pedestrian refuge in the proposed design.

• Consider relocating crosswalks further away from the circle for two lane departures for Main Street and Rutherford Avenue. This will allow vehicles more time between navigating the turn and encountering a conflict with a crossing pedestrian. RRFB’s should be provided for all relocated, uncontrolled crossings. Safety Issue #2: Bicycle Accommodation

Observations:

It is vital to provide safe facilities for bicycles along the Rutherford Avenue corridor meeting current industry and MassDOT standards and guidelines. Bicycle connections are also critical to the same desire points discussed previously for pedestrians.

At present, Rutherford Avenue does not provide dedicated lanes or other facilities for bicyclists, and the corridor is generally unfriendly towards cyclists and geared towards movement of motor vehicles. Bicycles operating in the same lanes as motor vehicles may have been a contributing factor in bicycle crashes at Chelsea Street and approaching the Tobin Bridge ramps. Enhancements have been made to bicycle accommodation through recent improvements at Sullivan Square and at the intersection of Cambridge Street with the I-93 Northbound off-ramp.

Specific bicycle-related safety issues by location are as follows:

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

The channelized right turn to the I-93 Southbound on-ramp conflicts with bicyclists, with no warning to motorists to raise awareness of bicycles.

As previously noted, pedestrians and bicyclists crossing North Washington Street and pedestrians crossing Chelsea Street must share space on the small triangular channelizing island on the northeast corner, which proved to be inadequate to serve pedestrian demand on the day of the audit.

Work zone setups currently in place for the ongoing North Washington Bridge construction do not provide accommodation for bicycles. Bicycles were observed riding in the median on the North Washington Street leg.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

The channelized right turn to the Tobin Bridge on-ramp conflicts with bicyclists, with no warning to motorists to raise awareness of bicycles.

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The Millers River Littoral Path crosses Rutherford Avenue at the Tobin Bridge ramps, but bicyclists must share the same narrow cut-through used by the crosswalk across Rutherford Avenue. This does not provide adequate width for present bicycle demand.

Image 5: Bicycle demand exceeding available cut-through width (Photo Credit: LivableStreets Alliance)

Wayfinding signage is not provided for Millers River Littoral Way and the Millers River Potato Monument.

Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit:

Bicycle lanes are provided through the intersection but are located adjacent to on-street parking west of the intersection entering Somerville, creating potential conflicts between parking maneuvers and cyclists.

Sullivan Square:

Bicycle desire lines at Sullivan Square are especially critical to serve the abutting neighborhoods and the Sullivan Square Orange Line station.

Bicycle accommodations are generally provided along Main Street, but connections through Sullivan Square are difficult for bicyclists. Vehicles do not consistently yield to bicyclists navigating the circle. Bicyclists were struck by vehicles entering from Rutherford Avenue northbound, from Main Street westbound, approaching Alford Street northbound, and from Alford Street southbound.

Despite the presence of pedestrian and bicycle desire areas adjacent to Sullivan Square, wayfinding signage aimed at cyclists and pedestrians is limited.

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Enhancements:

All Locations:

• Provide safe facilities for bicyclists along the Rutherford Avenue corridor and Sullivan Square meeting current industry and MassDOT standards and guidelines.

• Improve wayfinding signage for cyclists along Rutherford Avenue and Sullivan Square to parks, paths, BHCC, MBTA stations and other destinations desired by cyclists.

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

• In conjunction with pedestrian signal enhancements, provide a dedicated signal-controlled crossing for bicyclists across the channelized right turn from Rutherford Avenue to the I-93 Southbound on-ramp.

• Provide bicycle lanes in conjunction with work zone setups on the North Washington Street bridge. Ensure that safe connections for bicycles exist between existing and proposed facilities on Rutherford Avenue and work zone setups.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

• In conjunction with pedestrian signal enhancements, provide a dedicated signal-controlled crossing for bicyclists across the channelized right turn from Rutherford Avenue to the Tobin Bridge on-ramp.

Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit:

• Review bicycle accommodations along the Cambridge Street corridor, including connection to adjacent bicycle facilities. Consider modification and/or removal of on-street parking where conflicts exist between bicycles and parked vehicles.

Sullivan Square:

• Review bicycle desire lines through and around Sullivan Square, and provide connections within the proposed design that serve these desire lines.

• Review bicycle accommodations on Main Street and provide safe connection between existing facilities and the proposed design.

• Review pavement markings and signage for approaching vehicles to ensure that drivers yield to bicycles within the circle.

Page 23 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Safety Issue #3: Traffic Congestion

Observations:

Traffic congestion was noted as a key safety concern along the Rutherford Avenue corridor and at the study intersections. Rutherford Avenue and Sullivan Square are key local arterials, with connections to regional highways I-93 and Route 1, and as expected experience a significant amount of traffic demand.

Rear-end crashes were observed at all locations in the study area. Rear-end crashes at signalized intersections may be the result of congestion. Traffic congestion brings on driver frustration and increased driver aggression. This increased aggression may cause drivers to run red lights or be more aggressive at the beginning of the green indication. Audit participants noted that yellow and all-red clearance times may be substandard at signalized locations. At yield-controlled locations such as Sullivan Square or at channelized right turns to I-93 and the Tobin Bridge, driver aggression can also contribute to rear-end crashes, as drivers take chances on unacceptable gaps and/or misjudge the expected behavior of drivers around them.

Specific congestion-related safety issues by location are as follows:

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

Audit participants noted that despite the presence of “Don’t Block the Box” markings, vehicles frequently block the center of the intersection and the crosswalks, increasing delay for other vehicles and creating an obstacle for pedestrians crossing North Washington Street. It was noted that trolley tour vehicles typically traveling from Chelsea Street onto North Washington Street into Boston are frequently observed blocking the box, as was observed on the day of the audit. Police indicated that they have reached out to trolley operators and that there has been marginal improvement on this issue.

Red light violations are common at this intersection, and rear-end crashes are prevalent on the Rutherford Avenue southbound approach.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

Old Rutherford Avenue is a one-way northbound street accessible from Rutherford Avenue northbound immediately prior to the traffic signal at the Tobin Bridge ramps. It was noted by audit participants that drivers use Old Rutherford Avenue as a cut-through street to avoid congestion on Rutherford Avenue.

Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit:

“Do Not Block” markings are also provided across this intersection, but observations indicate vehicles queuing through the intersection. Blocking was also observed at the intersection of Cambridge Street and Spice Street. Cut-through traffic is known to occur via Spice Street and D Street to avoid congestion entering Sullivan Square.

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Sullivan Square:

Discussion of Sullivan Square focused on the proposed improvements being considered, and the potential safety benefits of reducing conflict points and access points. Existing congestion due to the heavy conflicting flows were discussed, specifically at the signalized intersection at Cambridge Street and Maffa Way.

Enhancements:

All Locations:

• Continue enforcement of red light running and intersection blocking violations.

• Evaluate operational improvements that can be realized through traffic signal retiming and/or coordination at all signalized intersections. This enhancement could reduce delay and help to abate driver frustration in the short term, with further signal phasing and timing enhancements accompanying intersection reconstruction in the long term.

• Update yellow and red clearance times at all signalized locations. The existing yellow and all red clearance times should be determined from the existing traffic signal controllers and compared to minimum requirements calculated based on current MassDOT guidance and observed speeds. If existing clearance times are insufficient, clearance times should be increased accordingly. An update in clearance times could reduce the occurrence of rear-end crashes.

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

• Continue to reach out to trolley tour companies to reinforce that vehicles should not block intersections.

• Consider starting the lane drop for the North Washington Bridge construction on Rutherford Avenue prior to the intersection, to reduce congestion and intersection blocking within the intersection caused by drivers merging from three lanes to two immediately after passing through the intersection.

• Consider coordination and adaptive signal control between signalized intersections on either side of the North Washington Street Bridge.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

• Modify the intersection of Rutherford Avenue and Old Rutherford Avenue to increase the right turn angle from Rutherford Avenue, to decrease speed and discourage cut-through traffic.

Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit:

• Consider queue detection for the I-93 Northbound off-ramp.

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• Consider the feasibility of a three-lane section at the bottom of the ramp to separate left and right turning vehicles.

Sullivan Square:

• Consider an access management strategy in conjunction with Sullivan Square improvements. Reducing access points can enhance safety by reducing conflict points. Safety Issue #4: Lane Designation and Traffic Control

Observations:

Several specific concerns related to lane designation and lane control were discussed by audit participants. Issues are categorized by location are as follows:

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

There was discussion related to the southbound U-turn movement, questioning whether it is legally allowed and whether it is in conflict with the Chelsea Street westbound right turn movement, which displays a green right arrow at the same time that the U-turning vehicle is displayed a green left arrow. It was determined that no signed restriction exists prohibiting a southbound U-turn, and that the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) does not specifically restrict U-turns when a right-turn green arrow is simultaneously displayed to motorists making a right turn from the conflicting approach to the left, but provides a signage option for this condition. Two crashes involved U-turning vehicles from this approach, although a review of the crash summary suggests that one was due to the driver swinging wide, and the other was done illegally when opposing through traffic had a green indication.

The southbound channelized right turn lane to I-93 Southbound is wide and is sometimes used by two vehicles side by side, who then must merge with each other while also merging with approaching ramp traffic from North Washington Street and Chelsea Street. One sideswipe crash occurred on this ramp.

An undersized “Yield to Pedestrians on Turns” sign is provided for the channelized right turn lane to I-93

Southbound.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

Lane confusion on the Tobin Bridge off-ramp is a contributing factor in sideswipe and rear-end crashes. The two-lane ramp widens to provide two lanes turning left to Rutherford Avenue northbound, and two lanes towards Chelsea Street, I-93 Southbound, and the North Washington Bridge. It was also noted that driver behavior varies regarding right turn on red from the Tobin Bridge ramps, although presence of NO TURN ON RED signs were verified during the field visit.

It was noted that the right turn arrow and ONLY marking on Rutherford Avenue northbound is potentially confusing, since no northbound right turn exists at this intersection. The lane designation markings are for the ramp to Austin Street north of the intersection.

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Pavement markings were noted to be faded at this location, reducing awareness and adherence to lane designations.

Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge:

Audit participants noted that the northbound Rutherford Avenue ramp to Austin Street has confusing pavement markings. The ramp begins as a single lane with an increasingly wide right shoulder, then shifts to a two-lane ramp. The ramp provides adequate width for two vehicles at a point prior to when two lanes are formally marked, and as a result more aggressive drivers use it as two lanes where it is still marked as one. No crashes were attributed to this condition, although as noted crash information is known to be incomplete.

Overall, this intersection has limited lane designation signage, and confusion exists over intended lane configurations and allowed movements on all approaches. Lane usage signage where provided is small and not visible until drivers have already entered the lane. A single sideswipe crash on the Gilmore Bridge approach may be a result of lane confusion.

Audit participants also noted that no traffic control exists for the channelized U- turns from Rutherford Avenue. It is assumed that these movements are under yield control.

It was also noted that no signage is present to alert drivers to the presence of U- turn lanes for Rutherford Avenue U-turns, which could remove some vehicles from entering the intersection and contributing to congestion.

An undersized “Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians” sign is provided for the Image 6: Undersized Rutherford Avenue northbound ramp at Austin Street. "Yield To Pedestrians" sign Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit:

Audit participants discussed how the recently restriped I-93 off-ramp approach has lanes that both allow right turns to Cambridge Street, but curve slightly to the left before turning slightly right at the end of the ramp. Further discussion revealed that this was intentional in order to provide adequate turning room for larger vehicles; no modification is necessary. Additionally, it was noted that drivers on the ramp may not be aware of the recent modification that allows right turns from both lanes.

It was also questioned whether right turns on red are allowed from Spice Street onto Cambridge Street following recent improvements; it was confirmed that right turns on red are not prohibited at this location.

Sullivan Square:

Audit participants discussed existing safety concerns at Sullivan Square, while also evaluating proposed design changes on a conceptual level. It was noted that there is confusion today on entering roadways and within the circle as to intended traffic control and lane assignments. It was previously noted that drivers sometimes fail to yield to bicyclists on the two-lane yield-controlled approaches. The crash history shows

Page 27 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

sideswipe and rear-end crashes on the Rutherford Avenue northbound and Alford Street southbound approaches, as well as in the circulating roadway between Rutherford Avenue and Main Street.

It was also noted that the Rutherford Avenue southbound frontage road between Sullivan Square and D Street widens from two lanes to three lanes and back to two lanes south of D Street for no apparent reason, i.e. no entering lane or merging volumes.

Enhancements:

All Locations:

• Update pavement markings throughout the study area to provide consistent lane widths appropriate for each roadway segment type (typ. 11’ to 12’ lanes for regular travel lanes, no more than 18’ for ramps) Provide lane use arrows at the start of every turn lane and shared through/turn lane. Use wide dotted white lane line for all trap lane conditions where a lane which could be construed as a turn lane becomes an exclusive turn lane. Excess pavement width obtained from lane narrowing can be allocated to bicycles, parking, buffers, wider shoulders or other beneficial use.

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

• Provide an R10-16 U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN sign for the Rutherford Avenue southbound left turn lane. Sign shall be placed near the left turn signal face.

• Provide advance lane signage. Consider overhead lane signage, if feasible.

• Restripe the southbound channelized right turn lane to I-93 Southbound to provide wider left and right shoulders. This treatment will confirm the intended single lane operation, while maintaining additional pavement width to accommodate larger vehicles.

• Replace “Yield to Pedestrians on Turns” sign with R10-15 sign at the proper size (30”x30”). (Note that this sign would be removed if the channelized right turn were signalized.)

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

• Add signage on the Tobin Bridge off-ramp to control lane assignments. Guide signage can be provided to identify destinations, with northbound traffic assigned to the left lane and southbound traffic assigned to the right lane.

• Reapply pavement markings. Although new pavement markings will be provided in conjunction with any reconstruction of the intersection, pavement markings should be reapplied as a short- term measure at this intersection.

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• Provide an R10-11b NO TURN ON RED sign on the Tobin Bridge off-ramp with an “AHEAD” supplemental plaque, to reinforce existing signs located adjacent to the signal heads serving the right turn from the off-ramp.

• Update signage and pavement markings for the ramp to Austin Street to clarify the intent of the right turn lane.

Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge:

• Update R3-8 intersection lane control signage on all approaches.

• Restripe the Rutherford Avenue northbound ramp to Austin Street to formally designate two lane operation wherever adequate width begins. Add lane control signage at the beginning of the two- lane section matching lane control at the signalized approach at the top of the ramp.

• Add yield signs for the channelized U-turns from Rutherford Avenue.

• Replace “Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians” sign with R10-15 sign at the proper size (30”x30”).

Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off-Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit:

• Update pavement markings and signage on the I-93 Northbound off-ramp to clearly designate intended lane control at the beginning of the ramp, which carries two continuous lanes from its gore point at I-93.

• Verify whether right turn on red is appropriate from Spice Street. Engineering judgement should be used to determine if right turn on red can be safely allowed or should be prohibited by signage.

Sullivan Square:

• Review and update current pavement markings and signage in order to confirm intended traffic and lane control.

• Consider overhead signage on all approaches, similar to what is provided for Maffa Way.

• Restripe Rutherford Avenue south of Sullivan Square to provide two consistent southbound lanes.

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Safety Issue #5: Pavement and Surface Condition

Observations:

The existing pavement condition was identified as a concern at all three high crash locations along Rutherford Avenue. In addition to worn pavement, potholes were noted at the intersection of Rutherford Avenue and Austin Street. Overall, rutted or worn pavement surfaces can be a contributing factor in crashes, especially during rain and snow. 19% of crashes at the Rutherford Avenue/Tobin Bridge Off-Ramp intersection and 14% of crashes at the Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street/Chelsea Street intersection occurred in wet or wintry conditions. One crash on the Tobin Bridge off-ramp specifically cited the wet surface condition as a contributing factor.

The intersection of Cambridge Street at the I-93 Ramps, as well as Sullivan Square, were recently resurfaced.

Audit participants also identified that the edge of roadway has deteriorated along the edge of the Tobin Bridge off-ramp to Rutherford Avenue, resulting in large granite edge stones and

rubble along the edge of ramp. Image 7: Edge deterioration along Tobin Bridge off-ramp Enhancements:

• Rehabilitate pavement along Rutherford Avenue, including all intersection approaches and vehicle ramps.

• Review drainage at all locations. Drainage issues may be the result of pavement deficiencies.

• Review pavement condition of recently resurfaced areas to confirm consistent pavement surface for both vehicles and bicycles.

• Repair roadway edge and remove granite obstacles along the Tobin Bridge off-ramp. Safety Issue #6: Signal Equipment

Observations:

Several safety concerns were identified related to existing signal equipment and control. Issues are categorized by location are as follows:

Page 30 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

Signal heads are not provided over each approaching lane. Section 4D.11 of the MUTCD states that “(o)n approaches with two or more lanes for the through movement, one signal face per lane, centered over each through lane, has also been shown to provide safer operation.” Sideswipe and rear-end crashes on the Rutherford Avenue southbound approach may be the result of lane confusion over intended lane and signal control. It was also noted that no backplates exist at this location. Solar glare was noted as a safety concern for the Rutherford Avenue southbound and North Washington Street northbound approaches; the impact of solar glare is exacerbated by both overhead and post- mounted signals with no backplates.

It was also noted at this location that visibility of the right side strain pole mounted signal head facing North Washington Street northbound is Image 8: Vegetation obstructing signal compromised by vegetation and partially by a street light pole.

visibility Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

Signal lenses are faded and partially burnt out at this location, specifically for Rutherford Avenue southbound. Sideswipe and rear-end crashes on this approach may be the result of signal visibility deficiencies. This intersection also does not provide a signal head over each approaching lane.

It was noted that trucks from Boston Sand & Gravel, as well as vehicles parked for BHCC, turn right onto Rutherford Avenue southbound prior to the traffic signal at the Tobin Bridge ramps and turn around at the intersection to head northbound on Rutherford Avenue. Audit participants observed that while no U-turn restriction exists, a green straight-through arrow is provided for this approach, which typically indicates that no turning movements are allowed for the lane. It was also noted that trucks exiting Boston Sand & Gravel do not have another means to access Rutherford Avenue northbound.

Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge:

Signal visibility was noted as an overall concern at this location. Overhead signals with backplates are generally provided on all approaches, although some backplates are missing. It was suggested that the span wire contributes to signal visibility issues. The channelized right turn from the Rutherford Avenue northbound ramp to the Gilmore Bridge is controlled by post-mounted signals without backplates, which may result in reduced compliance with intended signal control when pedestrians have a protected movement.

Enhancements:

Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp:

• Provide signal heads over each lane in conjunction with signal reconstruction at the intersection. New signal heads should include backplates with yellow retroreflective border.

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• As a short-term measure, provide retroreflective backplates on existing signal heads where feasible.

• Trim vegetation on the northwest corner to improve visibility of the ground-mounted signal head.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

• Repair and/or replace burnt out and faded signal indications.

• Consider replacing green straight-through arrow on the left signal head facing Rutherford Avenue southbound with a green ball indication. This would eliminate confusion over whether a U-turn movement is allowed.

• Provide signal heads over each lane in conjunction with signal reconstruction at the intersection. New signal heads should include backplates with yellow retroreflective border.

Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge:

• Provide signal heads over each lane in conjunction with signal reconstruction at the intersection. New signal heads should include backplates with yellow retroreflective border.

• Provide overhead signal heads for the channelized right turn from Rutherford Avenue southbound to the Gilmore Bridge. Safety Issue #7: Speed

Observations:

Although speed limits are not posted along Rutherford Avenue, areas where drivers are traveling at speeds perceived to be unsafe were discussed by audit participants. Specific concerns by location are as follows:

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

It was noted that vehicles carry higher speeds when exiting the Tobin Bridge, especially when turning right onto Rutherford Avenue southbound. Speeds southbound were also cited as a safety concern at this intersection.

Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge:

It was noted that speeds are higher for vehicles passing through this intersection during off-peak hours.

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Enhancements:

All Locations:

• Conduct a speed study after completion of Rutherford Avenue improvements to determine the appropriate speed limit for the corridor based on state regulations and MassDOT guidelines.

• Continue enforcement of speed based on state and local regulations. This enhancement applies to the overall corridor and to specific areas of concern identified above.

• Consider lane narrowing and other traffic calming measures where appropriate to help promote and regulate desired operating speeds.

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

• Reapply pavement markings and enhance signage to reinforce the stop condition for vehicles turning right from the Tobin Bridge ramp. Safety Issue #8: Visibility

Observations:

In addition to signal visibility issues previously discussed, other specific visibility concerns were identified at the study areas, identified by location as follows:

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

Trees, shrubs and an uphill grade restrict visibility of the intersection for vehicles navigating the ramp curve after passing under City Square. This reduces awareness of queued traffic, which is likely a contributing factor in rear-end crashes on the ramp approach.

Sullivan Square:

A median U-turn is provided immediately south of Sullivan Square opposing Mishawum Street. This channelized U-turn lane provides an opportunity for Rutherford Avenue northbound U-turns, but also allows access from the STOP-controlled Mishawum Street approach across the Rutherford Avenue northbound lanes to Rutherford Avenue southbound via the U-turn lane. It was noted that visibility is challenging for vehicles attempting to turn onto Rutherford Avenue southbound from the U-turn lane.

Enhancements:

Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps:

• Consider queue detection for the Tobin Bridge off-ramp. Audit participants debated removal of vegetation, but generally agreed that the uphill grade would still restrict visibility and would require extensive excavation to provide clear sight lines. Queue detection connected to an illuminated sign can alert approaching ramp traffic of stopped traffic ahead.

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• Consider Red Signal Ahead illuminated sign on the Tobin Bridge off-ramp in advance of the curve.

Sullivan Square:

• Realign and consider narrowing U-turn lane opposite Mishawum Street to intersect Rutherford Avenue at 90 degrees. This will provide improved sight lines for turning vehicles. It should also be clearly defined whether it is allowed to be used as a median cut-through from Mishawum Street and/or D Street. Safety Issue #9: Transit

Observations:

Transit is a key component of interactions between vehicles, pedestrians and bicyclists along and adjacent to Rutherford Avenue and Sullivan Square. The MBTA’s Sullivan Square station serves the Orange Line subway and twelve unique bus routes. Audit participant comments on transit were focused on the Sullivan Square area. Access to Sullivan Square for pedestrians and improved bus operation along Rutherford Avenue and through Sullivan Square were identified as important safety concerns by audit participants.

Enhancements:

• Improve access in and out of Sullivan Square station. This recommendation should be considered in conjunction with other recommendations related to pedestrian access and wayfinding.

• Provide transit signal priority for buses through signalized locations. Proposed intersection enhancements should focus on ways to give priority to buses, through priority sequences in the traffic signal controller as well as priority lanes for buses.

• Consider bus routes in reconstruction of Sullivan Square. Any significant modifications to existing roadways must consider the impact on travel times for bus routes, as well as providing appropriate stop locations meeting MBTA guidelines. Safety Issue #10: Lighting

Observations:

Lighting was specifically discussed as a safety concern at the intersection of Cambridge Street and the I- 93 Northbound off-ramp. I-93 passes over Cambridge Street immediately west of the off-ramp. It is critical to provide adequate lighting due to the heavy pedestrian and bicycle use along Cambridge Street and to Sullivan Square Station.

Enhancements:

• Review lighting to confirm that adequate, consistent lighting is provided under I-93.

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Safety Issue #11: Guide Signage

Observations:

It was noted by audit participants that guide signage along Rutherford Avenue and Sullivan Square, as well as at approaching intersections, is a mix of signage styles. Some signs are large, overhead signs typical of a highway; others are smaller guide signs, while some areas have a lack of adequate signage.

Enhancements:

• Determine the appropriate signage strategy for Rutherford Avenue and Sullivan Square, and provide consistent, concise guide signage for highways, intersecting roadways and destinations throughout the proposed project. This recommendation should be considered in tandem with previously stated recommendations related to wayfinding signage for pedestrians and bicyclists.

• Improve signage for MBTA Orange Line stations at BHCC and Sullivan Square. Sign sizes and locations should be visible to motorists, pedestrians and cyclists.

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Summary of Road Safety Audit

Following review of available materials and a discussion of existing safety issues, audit participants were asked to consider improvements. Audit participants were encouraged to consider both short and long term improvements for each issue. Each improvement considered has been categorized as short-term, mid- term, or long-term based on the definitions shown in Table 2. Additionally, a cost category has been assigned to each improvement based on the parameters set forth in Table 2.

Table 2: Estimated Time Frame and Costs Breakdown Time Frame Duration Cost Category Amount Short-Term <1 Year Low <$10,000

Mid-Term 1-3 Years Medium $10,001-$50,000 Long-Term >3 Years High >$50,000

Table 3 summarizes potential recommendations discussed by the audit team. The recommendations are categorized based on the potential safety payoff, as well as by time frame and cost. The safety payoff is a qualitative judgment of the effectiveness of the potential safety improvements.

Page 36 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Table 3: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – All Locations Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Reconstruct ramps at all intersections within the Pedestrian Boston/ study area for ADA compliance, including Medium Long-term High Accommodation MassDOT detectable warning panels. Pedestrian Reconstruct sidewalks and maintain consistent Boston/ Medium Long-term High Accommodation clear zone meeting ADA and AAB guidelines. MassDOT Pedestrian Restripe crosswalks with high visibility markings to Boston/ Medium Mid-term High Accommodation increase conspicuousness and awareness. MassDOT Restripe currently faded crosswalks with high Pedestrian Boston/ visibility markings to increase conspicuousness Medium Short-term Medium Accommodation MassDOT and awareness. Pedestrian Test all pushbuttons at all locations and replace Medium Short-term Medium Boston Accommodation non-functioning units. Upgrade all pushbuttons with accessible Pedestrian pedestrian signal (APS)-style pushbuttons with Boston/ Medium Long-term High Accommodation aligned arrows to designate which crossing they MassDOT control. Pedestrian Provide countdown pedestrian signal heads at all Boston/ Medium Short-term High Accommodation signalized crossing locations. MassDOT Review pedestrian crossing times and pedestrian phasing at all locations to determine if crossing times meet minimum standards established by the Pedestrian Boston/ MUTCD and MassDOT, and whether pedestrian Medium Short-term Low Accommodation MassDOT phasing can be modified to reduce crossing and wait times. Consider leading pedestrian intervals (LPIs) where appropriate. Improve wayfinding signage for pedestrians along Pedestrian Boston/ Rutherford Avenue to parks, paths, MBTA stations Low Short-term Medium Accommodation MassDOT and other destinations desired by pedestrians. Pedestrian Provide advance warning signage for pedestrians Boston/ Medium Short-term Low Accommodation at crossing locations. MassDOT

Page 37 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Pedestrian Boston/ Consider shorter cycle lengths for traffic signals. Low Short-term Low Accommodation MassDOT Consider the potential to reduce crosswalk Pedestrian lengths, either through narrowing or reducing Boston/ Medium Short-term High Accommodation travel lanes or providing curb extensions, where MassDOT feasible. Evaluate the potential for concurrent pedestrian Pedestrian crossings. Potential for conflict between Boston/ Low Short-term Low Accommodation pedestrians and turning vehicles must be MassDOT considered. Provide safe facilities for bicyclists along the Rutherford Avenue corridor and Sullivan Square Boston/ Bicycle Accommodation High Long-term High meeting current industry and MassDOT standards MassDOT and guidelines. Improve wayfinding signage for cyclists along Boston/ Bicycle Accommodation Rutherford Avenue to parks, paths and other Medium Short-term Medium MassDOT destinations desired by cyclists. Low Continue enforcement of red light running and Traffic Congestion Medium Short-term (Reduced Boston intersection blocking violations. enforcement elsewhere) Evaluate operational improvements that can be Boston/ Traffic Congestion realized through traffic signal retiming and/or Medium Short-term Medium MassDOT coordination at all signalized intersections. Update signal timing, phasing and coordination in Boston/ Traffic Congestion Medium Long-term High conjunction with intersection reconstruction. MassDOT Update yellow and red clearance times at all Traffic Congestion High Short-term Low MassDOT signalized locations.

Page 38 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Update pavement markings throughout the study area to provide consistent lane widths appropriate for each roadway segment type (11’-12’ for lanes, Lane Designation and Boston/ 18’ for ramps). Provide lane use arrows at the Medium Mid-term High Traffic Control MassDOT start of every turn lane and shared through/turn lane. Use wide dotted white lane line for trap conditions. Rehabilitate pavement along Rutherford Avenue, Pavement and Surface Boston/ including all intersection approaches and vehicle High Mid-term High Condition MassDOT ramps. Pavement and Surface Review drainage at all locations. Drainage issues Boston/ Medium Mid-term High Condition may be the result of pavement deficiencies. MassDOT Conduct a speed study at the completion of Rutherford Avenue improvements to determine Speed Medium Long-term Low Boston the appropriate speed limit for the corridor based on state regulations and MassDOT guidelines. Low Continue enforcement of speed based on state Speed Medium Short-term (Reduced Boston and local regulations. enforcement elsewhere) Consider lane narrowing and other traffic calming Boston/ Speed measures where appropriate to help promote and High Long-term High MassDOT regulate desired operating speeds. Provide transit signal priority for buses through Boston/ Transit signalized locations. Priority sequences and High Long-term High MassDOT priority lanes should be considered. Determine the appropriate signage strategy for Rutherford Avenue and Sullivan Square, and Boston/ Guide Signage provide consistent, concise guide signage for Medium Long-term High MassDOT highways, intersecting roadways and destinations throughout the proposed project. Improve signage for MBTA Orange Line stations Boston/ Guide Signage Low Short-term Medium at BHCC and Sullivan Square. MassDOT

Page 39 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Table 4: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Rutherford Avenue/North Washington Street at Chelsea Street/I-93 Southbound On-Ramp Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Review pedestrian crossing times at the Pedestrian intersection to determine if a single stage crossing Medium Short-term Low Boston Accommodation of Rutherford Avenue can be provided. Pedestrian Remove the nose of the median island on the Accommodation Chelsea Street approach in order to eliminate the Medium Mid-term Medium Boston obstruction for pedestrians. Pedestrian Modify islands and cut-throughs at the intersection Accommodation, Bicycle to provide additional crossing and waiting space High Mid-term High Boston Accommodation for pedestrians and bicyclists. Review the crosswalk across Chelsea Street to Pedestrian determine if it is sized appropriately to High Mid-term Medium Boston Accommodation accommodate pedestrian demand. Pedestrian Consider a larger median to provide pedestrian Medium Mid-term Medium Boston Accommodation refuge on the North Washington Street leg. Pedestrian Add pedestrian signals and pushbuttons for the Boston/ Accommodation crosswalk across the channelized right turn Medium Mid-term Medium MassDOT entering I-93 Southbound. Pedestrian Repair the brick wall on the southwest corner of Boston/ Low Short-term Medium Accommodation the intersection. MassDOT In conjunction with pedestrian signal enhancements, provide a dedicated signal- Boston/ Bicycle Accommodation controlled crossing for bicyclists across the High Mid-term High MassDOT channelized right turn from Rutherford Avenue to the I-93 Southbound on-ramp. Provide bicycle lanes in conjunction with work Boston/ Bicycle Accommodation zone setups on the North Washington Street Medium Short-term Low MassDOT bridge. Ensure that safe connections for bicycles

Page 40 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction exist between existing and proposed facilities on Rutherford Avenue and work zone setups. Continue to reach out to trolley tour companies to Traffic Congestion reinforce that vehicles should not block Low Short-term Low Boston intersections. Consider starting the lane drop for the North Traffic Congestion Washington Street Bridge construction on Medium Short-term Low Boston Rutherford Avenue prior to the intersection. Consider coordination and adaptive signal control Traffic Congestion between signalized intersections on either side of Low Short-term Medium Boston the North Washington Street Bridge. Provide an R10-16 U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT Lane Designation and TURN sign for the Rutherford Avenue southbound Medium Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control left turn lane. Lane Designation and Provide advance lane signage. Consider Medium Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control overhead signage, if feasible. Restripe the southbound channelized right turn Lane Designation and Boston/ lane to I-93 Southbound to provide wider left and Low Short-term Low Traffic Control MassDOT right shoulders. Lane Designation and Replace “Yield to Pedestrians on Turns” sign with Medium Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control R10-15 sign at the proper size (30”X30”) Provide signal heads over each lane in conjunction with signal reconstruction at the Signal Equipment Medium Long-term High Boston intersection. New signal heads should include backplates with yellow retroreflective border. Provide backplates on existing signal heads Signal Equipment Medium Short-term Medium Boston where feasible. Trim vegetation on the northwest corner to Signal Equipment improve visibility of the ground-mounted signal Low Short-term Low Boston head.

Page 41 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Table 5: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge (Route 1) Ramps Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Review pedestrian crossing times at the Pedestrian intersection to determine if a single stage crossing Medium Short-term Low Boston Accommodation of Rutherford Avenue can be provided. Add pedestrian signals and pushbuttons for the Pedestrian Boston/ crosswalk across the channelized right turn Medium Mid-term Medium Accommodation MassDOT entering the Tobin Bridge ramp. Pedestrian Modify islands and cut-throughs at the intersection Accommodation, Bicycle to provide additional crossing and waiting space High Mid-term High Boston Accommodation for pedestrians and bicyclists. Remove debris along all pedestrian paths, with a Pedestrian specific focus on the channelizing island on the High Short-term Low Boston Accommodation southwest corner. Pedestrian Accommodation, Review drainage to determine if deficiencies exist Medium Mid-term Medium Boston Pavement and Surface which contribute to debris build-up. Condition Investigate whether the large sidewalk ramp on the southeast corner of the intersection is used for vehicle access to the grass area behind the Pedestrian sidewalk. If it is not needed, eliminate the ramp to Low Short-term Medium Boston Accommodation restore a consistent sidewalk surface. If needed, consider reconstructing with reinforced sidewalk with mountable curb, or a standard driveway. In conjunction with pedestrian signal enhancements, provide a dedicated signal- Boston/ Bicycle Accommodation controlled crossing for bicyclists across the High Mid-term High MassDOT channelized right turn from Rutherford Avenue to the Tobin Bridge on-ramp.

Page 42 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Modify the intersection of Rutherford Avenue and Traffic Congestion Old Rutherford Avenue to increase the right turn Low Mid-term High Boston angle from Rutherford Avenue. Lane Designation and Add signage on the Tobin Bridge off-ramp to Medium Short-term Medium MassDOT Traffic Control control lane assignments. Lane Designation and Boston/ Reapply pavement markings. Medium Short-term Medium Traffic Control MassDOT Provide an R10-11b NO TURN ON RED sign on Lane Designation and the Tobin Bridge off-ramp with an “AHEAD” Medium Short-term Low MassDOT Traffic Control supplemental plaque. Update signage and pavement markings for the Lane Designation and ramp to Austin Street to clarify the intent of the Low Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control right turn lane. Pavement and Surface Repair roadway edge and remove granite Medium Short-term Medium MassDOT Condition obstacles along the Tobin Bridge off-ramp. Repair and/or replace burnt out and faded signal Signal Equipment High Short-term Medium Boston indications. Provide backplates on existing signal heads Signal Equipment Medium Short-term Medium Boston where feasible. Provide signal heads over each lane in conjunction with signal reconstruction at the Signal Equipment Medium Long-term High Boston intersection. New signal heads should include backplates with yellow retroreflective border. Reapply pavement markings and enhance Speed signage to reinforce the stop condition for vehicles Medium Short-term Low MassDOT turning right from the Tobin Bridge ramp. Consider queue detection for the Tobin Bridge off- Visibility High Mid-term Medium MassDOT ramp. Consider Red Signal Ahead illuminated sign on Visibility Medium Mid-term Medium MassDOT the Tobin Bridge off-ramp in advance of the curve.

Page 43 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Table 6: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Pedestrian Provide consistent, aligned, clear paths for High Long-term High Boston Accommodation pedestrians as part of intersection reconstruction. Modify island in the west leg of the intersection to Pedestrian provide clear width for the crosswalk. Investigate Medium Long-term High Boston Accommodation the potential to relocate or eliminate vent pipes. Pedestrian Investigate the potential to provide a connection Accommodation from the sidewalk along the west side of Rutherford Avenue to the pedestrian overpass. Medium Long-term High Boston Also investigate potential for a direct ramp or stairs from the northeast corner of the intersection. Pedestrian Review ADA compliance of the crosswalk at the Low Short-term Low Boston Accommodation BHCC exit driveway. Relocate traffic signal/electrical cabinet on the Pedestrian southwest corner of the intersection to improve Medium Short-term Medium Boston Accommodation visibility of pedestrians to approaching drivers. On the southeast corner of the intersection, Pedestrian consider replacing the steep concrete ramp Low Short-term Medium Boston Accommodation connecting Washington Street to the intersection with stairs. Lane Designation and Update R3-8 intersection lane control signage on Medium Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control all approaches. Restripe the Rutherford Avenue northbound ramp to Austin Street to formally designate the two-lane Lane Designation and segment wherever adequate width begins. Add Low Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control lane control signage at the beginning of the two- lane segment matching lane control at the top of the ramp. Lane Designation and Add yield signs for channelized U-turns from Medium Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control Rutherford Avenue. Lane Designation and Replace “Turning Vehicles Yield to Pedestrians” Low Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control sign with R10-15 sign at the proper size (30”x30”)

Page 44 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Provide signal heads over each lane in conjunction with signal reconstruction at the Signal Equipment Medium Long-term High Boston intersection. New signal heads should include backplates with yellow retroreflective border. Provide overhead signals for the channelized right Signal Equipment turn from Rutherford Avenue southbound to the Medium Mid-term Medium Boston Gilmore Bridge.

Page 45 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Table 7: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Cambridge Street at I-93 Northbound Off- Ramp/Sullivan Square Station Exit and Cambridge Street at Spice Street Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Review bicycle accommodations along the Cambridge Street corridor, including connection to adjacent bicycle facilities. Consider modification Bicycle Accommodation Medium Mid-term Medium Boston and/or removal of on-street parking where conflicts exist between bicycles and parked vehicles. Consider queue detection for the I-93 Northbound Traffic Congestion Low Short-term Medium MassDOT off-ramp. Consider the feasibility of a three-lane section at Traffic Congestion the bottom of the ramp to separate left and right Low Short-term Medium MassDOT turning vehicles. Update pavement markings and signage on the I- Lane Designation and 93 Northbound off-ramp to clearly designate Medium Short-term Low MassDOT Traffic Control intended lane control at the beginning of the ramp. Lane Designation and Verify whether right turn on red is appropriate from Medium Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control Spice Street. Review pavement condition of recently resurfaced Pavement and Surface areas to confirm consistent pavement surface for Medium Short-term TBD Boston Condition both vehicles and bicyclists. Review lighting to confirm that adequate, Boston/ Lighting Medium Short-term TBD consistent lighting is provided under I-93. MassDOT

Page 46 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Table 8: Potential Safety Enhancement Summary – Sullivan Square Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Review pedestrian desire lines through and around Pedestrian Sullivan Square, and provide connections within High Long-term High Boston Accommodation the proposed design that serve those desire lines. Consider a crossing of Alford Street to improve Pedestrian pedestrian access to existing and proposed paths High Long-term High Boston Accommodation on both sides of the Mystic River. Pedestrian Consider center medians for pedestrian refuge in Medium Long-term High Boston Accommodation the proposed design. Consider relocating crosswalks further away from Pedestrian the circle for two lane departures for Main Street Medium Mid-term High Boston Accommodation and Rutherford Avenue. RRFBs should be provided for all relocated, uncontrolled crossings. Review bicycle desire lines through and around Bicycle Accommodation Sullivan Square, and provide connections within High Long-term High Boston the proposed design that serve those desire lines. Review bicycle accommodations on Main Street Bicycle Accommodation and provide safe connection between existing Medium Long-term High Boston facilities and the proposed design. Review pavement markings and signage for Bicycle Accommodation approaching vehicles to ensure that drivers yield to High Short-term Low Boston bicycles within the circle. Consider an access management strategy in Traffic Congestion Medium Long-term TBD Boston conjunction with Sullivan Square improvements. Review and update current pavement markings Lane Designation and and signage in order to confirm intended traffic and High Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control lane control. Lane Designation and Consider overhead signage on all approaches, Medium Short-term Medium Boston Traffic Control similar to what is provided on Maffa Way. Restripe Rutherford Avenue south of Sullivan Lane Designation and Square to provide two consistent southbound Low Short-term Low Boston Traffic Control lanes.

Page 47 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Roadway Safety Issue Potential Safety Enhancement Safety Payoff Time Frame Cost Jurisdiction Review pavement condition of recently resurfaced Pavement and Surface areas to confirm consistent pavement surface for Medium Short-term TBD Boston Condition both vehicles and bicyclists. Realign U-turn opposite Mishawum Street to Visibility Low Mid-term High Boston intersect Rutherford Avenue at 90 degrees. Improve access in and out of Sullivan Square Boston/ Transit Medium Mid-term High station. MBTA Consider bus routes in reconstruction of Sullivan Boston/ Transit Medium Long-term Low Square. MBTA

Page 48 Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Appendix A. RSA Meeting Agenda

Road Safety Audit Charlestown, MA Rutherford Avenue (City Square to Sullivan Square) Meeting Location: Knights of Columbus – Council #62 545 Medford Street, Charlestown MA Wednesday, August 14th, 2019 9:00 AM – 2:00 PM

Type of meeting: High Crash Locations – Road Safety Audit Attendees: Invited Participants to Comprise a Multidisciplinary Team Please bring: Thoughts and Enthusiasm!!

9:00 AM Welcome and Introductions

9:20 AM Discussion of Safety Issues • Crash history– provided in advance • Existing Geometries and Conditions

11:00 AM Site Visit (Time Permitting) • Walk to high crash intersections along Rutherford Ave and Cambridge Street (Chelsea St, Tobin ramps, Austin St, Cambridge St at I-93 NB off-ramp) • As a group, identify areas for improvement

12:30 PM Discussion of Potential Improvements • Discuss observations and finalize safety issue areas • Discuss potential improvements and finalize recommendations

2:00 PM Adjourn for the Day – but the RSA has not ended

Instructions for Participants: • Before attending the RSA on August 14th, participants are encouraged to drive/walk through the intersection and complete/consider elements on the RSA Prompt List with a focus on safety. • All participants will be actively involved in the process throughout. Participants are encouraged to come with thoughts and ideas, but are reminded that the synergy that develops and respect for others’ opinions are key elements to the success of the overall RSA process. • After the RSA meeting, participants will be asked to comment and respond to the document materials to assure it is reflective of the RSA completed by the multidisciplinary team. Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Appendix B. RSA Audit Team Contact List

Participating Audit Team Members Date: August 14, 2019 Location: Charlestown – Rutherford Avenue Audit Team Member Agency/Affiliation Email Address Phone Number Greg Lucas BETA [email protected] 781-255-1982 Justin Curewitz BETA [email protected] 781-255-1982 Amy Allen BETA [email protected] 781-255-1982 Kevin Jordan Boston Fire [email protected] 617-459-8886 Bill Kuttner CTPS [email protected] 857-702-3671 Quinlan Locke Mayor’s Office [email protected] 617-635-3549 Hameed Pervez MassDOT D6 [email protected] 857-368-6307 Chris Comeaux BTD [email protected] 617-635-1907 Ana Fill MassDOT Traffic Safety [email protected] 857-368-9648 Sarah Bakhtiari MassDOT Traffic Safety [email protected] 321-332-3041 Michelle Deng MassDOT Traffic Safety [email protected] 857-368-9637 Ambar Johnson LivableStreets Alliance [email protected] 908-313-2251 Thomas Nally A Better City [email protected] 617-502-6243 David Burke Mass State Police Lt. [email protected] 617-946-3006 Sean Mills MBTA Div Chief [email protected] 781-234-5848 Karen Burns MBTA – Bus Ops [email protected] 617-293-2097 Erik Maki Tetra Tech [email protected] 508-207-3944 Robert T. Luongo BPD [email protected] 617-343-4627 Bill Conroy BTD [email protected] 617-935-2807 David Loutzenheiser MAPC [email protected] 617-933-0743

Participating Audit Team Members Date: August 14, 2019 Location: Charlestown – Rutherford Avenue Audit Team Member Agency/Affiliation Email Address Phone Number MassDOT Bridge Project Alwin Ramirez [email protected] 857-368-9368 Management Geraldine Vatan MassDOT D6 [email protected] 857-368-6115 Courtney Worhunsky MassDOT D6 [email protected] 857-368-6165 Thomas Brennan MassDOT [email protected] Chris Sarno MassDOT D6 [email protected] 857-368-6163 Zach Veaner MassDOT [email protected] 857-368-9499 Christopher Cameron MassDOT D6 [email protected] 857-368-6184 Becca Wolfson Boston Cyclists Union [email protected] 315-345-6532 Wendy Landman Walk Boston [email protected] 617-367-9255

Road Safety Audit—Rutherford Avenue—Charlestown, MA Prepared by BETA Group, Inc. FINAL

Appendix C. Detailed Crash Data

SYMBOLS TYPES OF COLLISIONS REAR END MOVING VEHICLE PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY RIGHT TURN PARKED VEHICLE HEAD ON INJURY REPORTED FIXED OBJECT SIDE SWIPE ANGLE STOPPED VEHICLE FATAL INJURY REPORTED LEFT TURN BICYCLE CRASH SEVERITY OUT OF CONTROL NIGHT TIME PEDESTRIAN NOT REPORTED CRASH

N VOROSMARTI, JAMES -

CAMBRIDGE STREET

CAMBRIDGE STREET

NOTES

1. FIGURE NOT TO SCALE I-93 NB OFF RAMP 2. SOURCE: 2015-2017 BOSTON PD & MASSDOT DATA 3. CRASHES 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 20 & 22 ARE NOT PLOTTED

P:\3946\143-3946-15001\SUPPORTDOCS\GRAPHICS\TRAFFIC\CRASH RATES\606226_COLLISION DIAGRAMS_JUNE 2019.DWG DUE TO LACK OF DATA PROVIDED

- City of Boston: Rutherford Avenue Reconstruction (MassDOT Proj: 606226) Project No.: 143-3946-15001 CAMBRIDGE STREET - I-93 NB OFF RAMP Date: 07/02/19 COLLISION DIAGRAM Designed By: JV www.tetratech.com FIGURE 100 Nickerson Road Marlborough, MA 01752 1 Copyright: Tetra Tech 7/3/2019 9:26:52 AM Bar Measures 1 inch Crash Data Summary Table - Cambridge St at I-93 NB Off-Ramp - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Ref Manner of Road Surface # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # #

Operating Vehicle in MV1 came to a stop at the signal at the end of the 93N off-ramp Snow/Slush (from Dark - lighted 1 1/31/2015 Saturday 4:45 AM Rear-end Clear erratic, aggressive 44 41 when MV2 struck MV1 from behind. MV2 was traveling at an previous storm) roadway manner excessive rate of speed.

Dark - lighted MV1 was unable to stop in time and rear-ended MV2 on the NB 2 4/28/2015 Tuesday 8:36 PM Rear-end Dry Clear Followed too closely 31 28 roadway off-ramp.

3 5/8/2015 Friday 9:45 PM EMS - Data not Provided

Other Improper Action Dark - lighted MV1 was rear-ended by MV2 exiting the I-93 ramp to Camridge 4 6/10/2015 Wednesday 12:24 AM Rear-end Dry Clear (Driving under the 34 34 roadway Street. Driver of MV2 was OUI. influence)

5 6/11/2015 Thursday 3:52 PM EMS - Data not Provided

Single vehicle Dark - lighted Motorcycle ran off road, hit curb, then hit concrete wall. Driver 6 7/30/2015 Thursday 11:05 PM Dry Cloudy Unknown 47 crash roadway suffered a fatal injury at the scene.

7 8/23/2015 Sunday 7:25 AM EMS - Data not Provided

8 12/10/2015 Thursday 8:00 PM EMS - Data not Provided

9 12/11/2015 Friday 8:04 PM EMS - Data not Provided

MV1 stopped at the signal at the end off the off ramp. MV2 was 10 12/31/2015 Thursday 11:28 AM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear Followed too closely 38 52 following too closely and rear-ended MV1.

11 7/14/2016 Thursday 5:41 AM EMS - Data not Provided

MV1 was traveling on the off-ramp when traffic stopped and Dark - lighted 12 7/18/2016 Monday 2:50 AM Rear-end Dry Clear Inattention 47 26 45 vehicle was not able to stop in time and rear-ended MV2. MV2 roadway was then pushed into MV3.

Page 1 of 2 Crash Data Summary Table - Cambridge St at I-93 NB Off-Ramp - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Ref Manner of Road Surface # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # # 13 7/23/2016 Saturday 5:38 AM EMS - Data not Provided

Dark - lighted MV1 was unable to stop in time and rear-ended MV2 on the off- 14 8/8/2016 Monday 9:32 PM Rear-end Dry Clear Inattention 64 44 roadway ramp.

15 8/11/2016 Thursday 5:12 PM EMS - Data not Provided

MV1 (tractor-trailer in left lane) and MV2 (car in right lane) were Disregarded Traffic stopped at a red light on the off-ramp. When the light turned 16 9/9/2016 Friday 6:45 AM Angle Dry Daylight Cloudy signals, signs and road 52 51 green, MV1 made an illegal right turn from the left lane and markings struck MV2.

17 10/12/2016 Wednesday 7:57 PM EMS - Data not Provided

Distracted by On-Board MV1 was distracted by GPS unit and rear-ended MV2 in heavy 18 10/18/2016 Tuesday 12:00 PM Rear-end Dry Daylight Cloudy 46 54 Navigation System traffic on the off-ramp.

19 11/15/2016 Tuesday 1:42 PM EMS - Data not Provided

20 5/22/2017 Monday 4:47 AM EMS - Data not Provided Made a improper turn, MV1 was using the right lane to turn right onto Cambridge St, Sideswipe, Disregarded Traffic 21 5/24/2017 Wednesday 10:40 AM Dry Daylight Clear 41 35 when MV2 made a improper turn using the left lane to turn right same direction signals, signs and road and was hit by MV1. markings 22 6/16/2017 Friday 10:55 PM EMS - Data not Provided

Page 2 of 2 Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Cambridge Street at I-93 NB Off-Ramp, Boston, MA CRASH MONTH 20% 18%

15% 14% 14% 14% 14% 9% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OF WEEK 30% 27% 25% 20% 18% 14% 14% 14% 15% 9% 10% 5% 5% 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

CRASH TIME OF DAY 25% 23%

20% 18%

15% 14% 9% 9% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% 6AM-8AM 8AM-10AM 10AM-12PM 12PM-2PM 2PM-4PM 4PM-6PM 6PM-8PM 8PM-10PM 10PM-12AM 12AM-2AM 2AM-4AM 4AM-6AM

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION* 80% 70% *EMS crashes (55% of all 60% crashes) not included due to lack of information

40%

20% 10% 10% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Single Vehicle Rear-end Angle Sideswipe, Same Sideswipe, Head On Rear to Rear Unknown Crash Direction Opposite Direction

Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Cambridge Street at I-93 NB Off-Ramp, Boston, MA CRASH LIGHT CONDITION* 70% 60% 60% *EMS crashes (55% of all 50% 40% crashes) not included due 40% to lack of information 30% 20% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark-Lighted Dark-Roadway Dark-Unknown Other Unknown Roadway not Lighted Roadway Lighting

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION* 80% 70% 60% *EMS crashes (55% of all crashes) not included due 40% 30% to lack of information 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Sleet, Hail, Fog, Smog, Severe Blowing Other Unknown Freezing Smoke Crosswinds Sand, Snow Rain

CRASH ROAD SURFACE* 100% 90%

80% *EMS crashes (55% of all 60% crashes) not included due to lack of information 40%

20% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Dry Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, dirt, Water (standing, Slush Other Unknown oil, gravel moving)

CRASH DRIVER AGES* 50% 40% 40% *EMS crashes (55% of all crashes) not included due to lack of information 30% 25% 20% 20% 10% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15-20 21-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Unknown*

SYMBOLS TYPES OF COLLISIONS REAR END MOVING VEHICLE PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY RIGHT TURN PARKED VEHICLE HEAD ON INJURY REPORTED FIXED OBJECT SIDE SWIPE ANGLE STOPPED VEHICLE FATAL INJURY REPORTED LEFT TURN BICYCLE CRASH SEVERITY OUT OF CONTROL NIGHT TIME PEDESTRIAN NOT REPORTED CRASH

N VOROSMARTI, JAMES -

CAMBRIDGE STREET

SPICE STREET

NOTES 1. FIGURE NOT TO SCALE 2. SOURCE: 2015-2017 BOSTON PD & MASSDOT DATA 3. CRASHES 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 & 10 ARE NOT PLOTTED DUE TO LACK OF

P:\3946\143-3946-15001\SUPPORTDOCS\GRAPHICS\TRAFFIC\CRASH RATES\606226_COLLISION DIAGRAMS_JUNE 2019.DWG DATA PROVIDED

- City of Boston: Rutherford Avenue Reconstruction (MassDOT Proj: 606226) Project No.: 143-3946-15001 CAMBRIDGE STREET-SPICE STREET Date: 07/02/19 COLLISION DIAGRAM Designed By: JV www.tetratech.com FIGURE 100 Nickerson Road Marlborough, MA 01752 2 Copyright: Tetra Tech 7/3/2019 9:26:54 AM Bar Measures 1 inch Crash Data Summary Table - Cambridge St at Spice St - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Ref Manner of Road Surface Driver Contributing # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # #

1 3/17/2015 Tuesday 8:56 PM EMS - Data not Provided

2 3/20/2015 Friday 11:56 PM EMS - Data not Provided

3 4/17/2015 Friday 4:28 PM EMS - Data not Provided

4 10/16/2015 Friday 6:02 AM EMS - Data not Provided

5 6/20/2016 Monday 7:00 PM EMS - Data not Provided

6 8/25/2016 Thursday 2:37 PM EMS - Data not Provided

7 2/1/2017 Wednesday 10:37 PM EMS - Data not Provided

8 5/24/2017 Wednesday 10:39 AM EMS - Data not Provided

Dark - lighted Followed too MV 1 was stopped at the traffic signal heading WB when MV2 9 6/8/2017 Thursday 10:36 PM Rear-end Dry Clear 25 Unknown roadway closely rear-ended MV1. MV2 fled the scene.

10 10/17/2017 Tuesday 10:32 AM EMS - Data not Provided

Page 1 of 1 Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Cambridge Street at Spice Street, Boston, MA CRASH MONTH 25% 20% 20% 20% 20%

15% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%

5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OF WEEK 35% 30% 30% 25% 20% 20% 20% 20% 15% 10% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

CRASH TIME OF DAY

35% 30% 30% 25% 20% 20% 15% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6AM-8AM 8AM-10AM 10AM-12PM 12PM-2PM 2PM-4PM 4PM-6PM 6PM-8PM 8PM-10PM 10PM-12AM 12AM-2AM 2AM-4AM 4AM-6AM

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION* 100% 100%

80% *EMS crashes (90% of all crashes) not included due 60% to lack of information 40% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Single Vehicle Rear-end Angle Sideswipe, Same Sideswipe, Head On Rear to Rear Unknown Crash Direction Opposite Direction

Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Cambridge Street at Spice Street, Boston, MA CRASH LIGHT CONDITION* 100% 100% 80% *EMS crashes (90% of all crashes) not included due 60% to lack of information 40% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark-Lighted Dark-RoadwayDark-Unknown Other Unknown Roadway not Lighted Roadway Lighting

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION* 100% 100% 80% *EMS crashes (90% of all crashes) not included due 60% to lack of information 40% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Sleet, Hail, Fog, Smog, Severe Blowing Other Unknown Freezing Smoke Crosswinds Sand, Snow Rain

CRASH ROAD SURFACE* 100% 100% 80% *EMS crashes (90% of all 60% crashes) not included due to lack of information 40% 20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Dry Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, dirt, Water (standing, Slush Other Unknown oil, gravel moving)

CRASH DRIVER AGES* 60% 50% 50% *EMS crashes (90% of all 40% crashes) not included due to lack of information

20%

0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15-20 21-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Unknown*

SYMBOLS TYPES OF COLLISIONS REAR END MOVING VEHICLE PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY RIGHT TURN PARKED VEHICLE HEAD ON INJURY REPORTED FIXED OBJECT SIDE SWIPE ANGLE STOPPED VEHICLE FATAL INJURY REPORTED LEFT TURN BICYCLE CRASH SEVERITY OUT OF CONTROL NIGHT TIME PEDESTRIAN NOT REPORTED CRASH

WEST STREET

ALFORD STREET N

ALFORD STREET VOROSMARTI, JAMES - MAIN STREET

MAFFA WAY

MAIN STREET

CAMBRIDGE STREET

RUTHERFORD AVENUE

RUTHERFORD AVENUE

NOTES 1. FIGURE NOT TO SCALE 2. SOURCE: 2015-2017 BOSTON PD & MASSDOT DATA 3. CRASHES 4, 6 , 9 , 10 , 11, 14 , 16, 19 , 28 , 34 ARE NOT PLOTTED DUE TO

P:\3946\143-3946-15001\SUPPORTDOCS\GRAPHICS\TRAFFIC\CRASH RATES\606226_COLLISION DIAGRAMS_JUNE 2019.DWG LACK OF DATA PROVIDED

- City of Boston: Rutherford Avenue Reconstruction (MassDOT Proj: 606226) Project No.: 143-3946-15001 SULLIVAN SQUARE Date: 07/02/19 COLLISION DIAGRAM Designed By: JV www.tetratech.com MISHAWUM STREET FIGURE 100 Nickerson Road Marlborough, MA 01752 3 Copyright: Tetra Tech 7/3/2019 9:27:00 AM Bar Measures 1 inch Crash Data Summary Table - Sullivan Square - 2015 to 2017

Manner of Road Surface Crash Diagram Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # # MV1 (bus) was traveling in Sullivan Square rotary turning right D1:(No improper driving) D2:(Failed onto Main Street and hit MV2 which had entered the rotary 1 1/23/2015 Friday 4:19 PM Angle Dry Dusk Clear 55 48 to yield right of way) (failed to yield right-of-way) from Rutherford Ave and traveling NB toward Alford Street.

Dark - lighted Disregarded traffic signs, signals MV1 ran a red light through Route 99 and was struck by MV2 2 3/20/2015 Friday 11:55 PM Angle Snow Snow 53 47 roadway and road markings (snow plow) who was traveling EB on Maffa Way.

D1:(No improper driving),(No MV1 was turning in the rotary at Rutherford Avenue near Main 3 5/1/2015 Friday 2:00 PM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear 19 58 improper driving) D2:() Street when rear-ended by MV2. MV2 did not stop.

While traveling in Sullivan Square at Rutherford Avenue, cyclist 4 7/16/2015 Thursday 5:18 PM Angle BPD - Data Not Provided Failed to yield right-of-way Unknown Unknown failed to yield right-of-way and struck MV1 in the rotary.

MV1 was traveling NB on Rutherford Avenue and stopped on 5 7/31/2015 Friday 7:10 AM Angle Not reported Daylight Not Reported Failed to yield right-of-way Unknown Unknown the approach to Sullivan Square. Upon proceeding, MV1 did not see cyclist come from the left and struck cyclist in rotary.

6 8/12/2015 Wednesday 6:43 AM EMS - Data Not Provided

Sideswipe, Disregarded traffic signs, signals MV1 was exiting the rotary SB on Rutherford Ave, but failed to 7 8/30/2015 Sunday 9:05 AM same Dry Daylight Clear and road markings; Failed to yield 54 38 yield to the cyclist traveling around the rotary in the designated direction right-of-way bike lane and struck the cyclist.

MV1 struck bicyclist traveling from Main Street to Alford Street 8 12/3/2015 Thursday 7:00 PM Angle Dry Dusk Clear D1:(unknown) 37 28 bridge.

9 12/6/2015 Sunday 12:42 AM EMS - Data Not Provided

10 12/8/2015 Tuesday 5:31 AM EMS - Data Not Provided

Sideswipe, MV1 (tractor trailer)sideswiped MV2 on Rutherford Avenue 11 12/16/2015 Wednesday 9:30 AM same BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown Unknown near the rotary. direction

Sideswipe, MV1 was following behind MV2 too closely at the rotary near 12 2/5/2016 Friday 2:16 PM same Snow/Ice Not Reported Snow Following too closely Unknown Unknown Rutherford Avenue and could not stop due to snow and ice and direction struck MV2 (front right to front left impact).

Page 1 of 4 Crash Data Summary Table - Sullivan Square - 2015 to 2017

Manner of Road Surface Crash Diagram Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # # MV1 was in the second lane from the curb on Maffa Way to turn Sideswipe, onto Rutherford Avenue and MV2 was in the curb lane and 13 2/23/2016 Tuesday 11:59 AM same BPD - Data Not Provided Failed to yield right-of-way Unknown Unknown needed to go around the rotary. When MV2 attempted to turn direction into the rotary, MV1 sideswiped MV2. 14 3/5/2016 Saturday 6:26 PM EMS - Data Not Provided Single vehicle MV1 hit a concrete barrier at Rutherford Avenue. Driver fled the 15 3/18/2016 Friday 1:46 AM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown crash scene on foot, abandoning the vehicle. MV1 was involved in a minor collision with two other vehicles. MV2 and MV3 left the scene of the crash after exchanging 16 4/1/2016 Friday 7:53 AM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown Unknown information. MV1 sustained minor front end damage. No further details available.

Sideswipe, Disregarded traffic signs, signals MV1 was traveling SB on Alford Street and came to a complete 17 5/2/2016 Monday 12:00 PM same Not reported Daylight Rain and road markings; Failed to yield Unknown Unknown stop. MV2 failed to stop at the STOP sign and cut off MV1. direction right-of-way

MV1 was traveling around the rotary past Rutherford Ave, but 18 6/4/2016 Saturday 6:22 PM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided Failed to yield right-of-way Unknown Unknown did not see the bicyclist traveling around the rotary in the designated bike lane and struck the cyclist.

19 7/20/2016 Wednesday 5:33 AM EMS - Data Not Provided

MV1 was operating in the vicinity of Rutherford Avenue and Sideswipe, Alford Street when it was struck on the passenger side by MV2. 20 8/17/2016 Wednesday 11:08 AM same BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown Driver of MV2 did not exchange information and left the scene direction of the crash. No further information provided. MV1 (truck with trailer) was exiting the rotary onto Rutherford Single vehicle 21 8/21/2016 Sunday 7:37 PM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Avenue SB when the trailer detached from the truck and crash crashed into the barrier and fence. Rollover MV1 (truck with trailer) was traveling at an excessive rate of 22 8/24/2016 Wednesday 3:00 AM (Single BPD - Data Not Provided Excessive speed Unknown speed around the rotary and overturned, spilling the contents of Vehicle) the trailer. Sideswipe, Disregarded traffic signs, signals MV1 was traveling SB along Sullivan Square rotary near West 23 9/30/2016 Friday 5:30 PM same Dry Dawn Cloudy and road markings; failed to yield 59 Unknown Street and struck a cyclist who failed to stop at STOP sign on direction right-of-way Alford Street SB. MV1 was traveling NB on Rutherford Avenue approaching the 24 11/3/2016 Thursday 6:55 PM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown rotary when rear-ended by MV2. MV2 fled the scene without exchanging information.

Sideswipe, MV1 was traveling SB on Alford Street approaching the rotary 25 11/8/2016 Tuesday 4:21 PM same BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown when MV2 struck from the right side. Operator of MV2 fled the direction scene without exchanging information.

Page 2 of 4 Crash Data Summary Table - Sullivan Square - 2015 to 2017

Manner of Road Surface Crash Diagram Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # # Sideswipe, D1:(No improper driving) MV1 attempted to exit the rotary and take a right turn onto 26 11/10/2016 Thursday 1:30 PM same Dry Daylight Clear D2:(Disregarded traffic signs, 32 31 West Street. MV2 didn't see the STOP sign and traveled straight direction signals, road markings) on Alford Street, striking MV1.

Dark - lighted MV1 was stopped at the Alford Street STOP sign waiting to enter 27 2/7/2017 Tuesday 8:20 PM Rear-end Dry Cloudy Inattention 27 26 roadway the rotary when it was rear-ended by MV2 who failed to stop.

28 4/12/2017 Wednesday 7:23 AM EMS - Data Not Provided

Sideswipe, Both vehicles entered rotary. MV1 merged left and collided with 29 5/16/2017 Tuesday 4:41 PM same Dry Daylight Clear Failed to yield right-of-way 51 62 MV2. direction

Single vehicle MV1 stopped on Rutherford Avenue NB approach to rotary. 30 5/23/2017 Tuesday 11:04 AM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown crash Upon entering the rotary, MV1 struck pedestrian.

Sideswipe, MV1 was traveling SB through the rotary when sideswiped by 31 5/31/2017 Wednesday 6:36 AM same Dry Daylight Clear Unknown 64 Unknown MV2 who then fled the scene. direction

D1:(No improper driving) D2:(No MV1 entered the rotary from Rutherford Ave NB and rear- 32 6/8/2017 Thursday 9:22 AM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear improper driving),(No improper 27 38 43 ended MV2, causing it to rear-end MV3. driving) D3:(No improper driving)

MV1 was pulled over in the shoulder heading NB on the Single vehicle Sullivan Square rotary. Upon re-entry into the rotary, the push 33 6/20/2017 Tuesday 6:00 PM Dry Daylight Clear Distracted 58 crash bar of the vehicle struck a fire hydrant, knocking it to the ground. 34 7/14/2017 Friday 11:39 AM EMS - Data Not Provided MV1 was entering the rotary from Main Street and failed to D1:(Disregarded traffic signs, 35 7/17/2017 Monday 12:40 PM Angle Dry Daylight Clear 44 28 yield right-of-way to bicyclist travleing in the bike lane around signals, road markings) the rotary.

MV1 was exiting the rotary SB on Rutherford Ave, but failed to 36 8/2/2017 Wednesday 7:45 AM Angle Dry Daylight Clear Failed to yield right-of-way 36 26 yield to the cyclist traveling around the rotary in the designated bike lane and struck cyclist.

Dark - lighted MV1 rear-ended MV2 while entering the Sullivan Square rotary 37 8/18/2017 Friday 7:45 PM Rear-end Wet Rain Followed too closely 48 44 roadway from 529 Main Street.

Page 3 of 4 Crash Data Summary Table - Sullivan Square - 2015 to 2017

Manner of Road Surface Crash Diagram Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # # MV1 was traveling SB on Alford Street and failed to yield right- 38 9/29/2017 Friday 12:40 PM Angle Dry Daylight Clear Failed to yield right-of-way 51 54 of-way to MV2 which was exiting Sullivan Square rotary onto West Street.

Single vehicle Dark - lighted MV1 attempted to pass tow truck to exit rotary from the inside 39 10/12/2017 Thursday 7:41 PM Dry Clear/Clear Failed to yield right-of-way Unknown 37 crash roadway lane to Rutherford Ave SB and struck cyclist.

Sideswipe, MV1 and MV2 were entering the rotary from Cambridge St Dark - lighted 40 10/15/2017 Sunday 10:26 PM same Dry Clear/Clear Failed to yield right-of-way Unknown 22 when MV1 changed lanes without signaling and sideswiped roadway direction MV2.

MV1 exited Sullivan Square rotary to Rutherford Avenue SB and Single vehicle Dark - lighted 41 10/23/2017 Monday 6:18 AM Dry Fog/smog/smoke Failed to yield right-of-way Unknown 34 did not see pedestrian crossing Rutherford Avenue and struck crash roadway pedestrian.

Single vehicle Dark - lighted MV1 was traveling NB through rotary, lost control, and struck 42 11/3/2017 Friday 1:46 AM Dry Clear Unknown 33 crash roadway jersey barrier.

MV2 attempted to turn right onto Main Street from the left lane D1:(No improper driving) D2:(Made 43 11/16/2017 Thursday 10:00 AM Angle Dry Daylight Clear 42 56 and struck the left rear side of MV1 which was making a right an improper turn) turn onto Main Street from the right lane of the rotary.

Page 4 of 4 Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Sullivan Square, Boston, MA CRASH MONTH 20% 16% 15% 12% 12% 12% 9% 10% 7% 7% 7% 7% 5% 5% 5% 2%

0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OF WEEK 30% 28% 25% 19% 20% 16% 16% 15% 9% 10% 7% 5% 5% 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

CRASH TIME OF DAY 20% 19% 16% 15% 12% 12% 9% 10% 7% 7% 5% 5% 5% 5% 2% 2%

0% 6AM-8AM 8AM-10AM 10AM-12PM 12PM-2PM 2PM-4PM 4PM-6PM 6PM-8PM 8PM-10PM 10PM-12AM 12AM-2AM 2AM-4AM 4AM-6AM

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION* 33% 35% 30% 25% *EMS crashes (16% of all 25% 22% crashes) not included due 20% 17% to lack of information 15% 10% 3% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% Single Vehicle Rear-end Angle Sideswipe, Same Sideswipe, Head On Rear to Rear Unknown Crash Direction Opposite Direction

Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Sullivan Square, Boston, MA CRASH LIGHT CONDITION* 40% 36% 36%

30% *EMS crashes (16% of all 19% crashes) not included due 20% to lack of information

10% 6% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark-Lighted Dark-Roadway Dark-Unknown Other Unknown Roadway not Lighted Roadway Lighting

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION* 50% 44% 40% *EMS crashes (16% of all 36% crashes) not included due 30% to lack of information 20% 6% 6% 6% 10% 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Sleet, Hail, Fog, Smog, Severe Blowing Other Unknown Freezing Smoke Crosswinds Sand, Snow Rain

CRASH ROAD SURFACE* 60% 53% 50% 39% 40% *EMS crashes (16% of all crashes) not included due 30% to lack of information 20% 6% 10% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Dry Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, dirt, Water (standing, Slush Other Unknown oil, gravel moving)

CRASH DRIVER AGES* 50% 47%

40% *EMS crashes (16% of all crashes) not included due to lack of information 30%

20% 13% 15% 10% 10% 10% 3% 1% 0% 0% 0% 15-20 21-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Unknown*

SYMBOLS TYPES OF COLLISIONS REAR END MOVING VEHICLE PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY RIGHT TURN PARKED VEHICLE HEAD ON INJURY REPORTED FIXED OBJECT SIDE SWIPE ANGLE STOPPED VEHICLE FATAL INJURY REPORTED LEFT TURN BICYCLE CRASH SEVERITY OUT OF CONTROL NIGHT TIME PEDESTRIAN NOT REPORTED CRASH

RUTHERFORD AVENUE

N VOROSMARTI, JAMES -

AUSTIN STREET

AUSTIN STREET

(GILMORE BRIDGE) RUTHERFORD AVENUE

AUSTIN STREET UNDERPASS (NORTHBOUND)

AUSTIN STREET UNDERPASS (SOUTHBOUND)

NOTES LYNDE STREET 1. FIGURE NOT TO SCALE 2. SOURCE: 2015-2017 BOSTON PD & MASSDOT DATA 3. CRASHES 1 , 3, 14, 16 & 17 ARE NOT PLOTTED DUE TO LACK OF DATA PROVIDED P:\3946\143-3946-15001\SUPPORTDOCS\GRAPHICS\TRAFFIC\CRASH RATES\606226_COLLISION DIAGRAMS_JUNE 2019.DWG

- City of Boston: Rutherford Avenue Reconstruction (MassDOT Proj: 606226) Project No.: 143-3946-15001 RUTHERFORD AVENUE - AUSTIN STREET Date: 07/02/19 COLLISION DIAGRAM Designed By: JV www.tetratech.com FIGURE 100 Nickerson Road Marlborough, MA 01752 4 Copyright: Tetra Tech 7/3/2019 9:27:05 AM Bar Measures 1 inch Crash Data Summary Table - Rutherford Ave at Austin St - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Manner of Road Surface Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # # 1 4/30/2015 Thursday 5:11 PM EMS - Data Not Provided

Sideswipe, Dark - lighted Failure to keep in proper 2 6/18/2015 Thursday 10:15 PM Not reported Not Reported Unknown Unknown MV1 was heading SB when MV2 struck MV1 and fled the area. same direction roadway lane

MV1 was stopped at a red light on Rutherford Avenue when Sideswipe, Dark - lighted MV2 sideswiped it. MV2 fled the scene. MV1 could not get 3 8/2/2015 Sunday 8:30 PM Not reported Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown Unknown same direction roadway identifying information since MV2 did not have lights on and license plate could not be seen.

D1:(Operating vehicle in MV1 rear-ended MV2 (bus) in the breakdown lane on Austin erratic, reckless, careless, Dark - lighted Street EB just west of Rutherford Avenue, following an 4 11/23/2015 Monday 1:26 AM Rear-end Dry Clear negligent or aggressive 21 32 roadway altercation on the bus which forced it to pull over. An individual manner) D2:(No improper jumped into MV1 and slammed into the rear of MV2. Driver OUI. driving)

MV1 was heading EB on Austin St and drove over the island and Single vehicle 5 12/23/2015 Wednesday 10:19 PM Not Reported Not Reported Not Reported Unknown Unknown struck the traffic signal post for EB traffic coming from the crash Gilmore Bridge.

MV1 was stopped at the red traffic signal heading SB on 6 5/12/2016 Thursday 9:42 PM Rear-end BPD - Data not Provided BPD - Data not Provided Unknown Unknown Rutherford Ave when MV2 rear-ended MV1. Driver of MV2 left the scene of the crash.

MV1 was struck by MV2 when trying to turn left onto Austin St Sideswipe, Disregarded traffic signs, 7 6/28/2016 Tuesday 8:39 AM Not reported Daylight Not Reported Unknown Unknown WB. MV2 used the incorrect lane to travel NB through the same direction signals and road markings intersection.

MV2 and MV3 were stopped in traffic along the Gilmore Bridge 8 7/6/2016 Wednesday 3:50 PM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear Followed too closely 24 28 50 approaching Rutherford Avenue. MV1 was unaware of the traffic and did not stop in time. MV1 hit MV2, which then hit MV3.

In heavy traffic, MV3 was distracted looking over the Gilmore 9 7/13/2016 Wednesday 4:40 PM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear Distracted 42 48 25 Bridge and rear-ended MV2. MV2 was then pushed into MV1.

MV1 was stopped in traffic along Austin Street EB. MV2 was Exceeded authorized speed 10 8/9/2016 Tuesday 5:00 PM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear Unknown 31 Traveling too fast heading EB on the Gilmore Bridge and rear- limit ended MV1.

Page 1 of 2 Crash Data Summary Table - Rutherford Ave at Austin St - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Manner of Road Surface Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # # MV1 and MV2 slowed for traffic on the EB approach to Dark - lighted 11 10/12/2016 Wednesday 6:48 PM Rear-end Dry Clear Inattention 45 35 32 Rutherford Avenue. MV3 failed to slow down and rear-ended roadway MV2. MV2 was then pushed into MV1.

MV1 was in the left lane slowing down for traffic approaching Other Improper Action Sideswipe, the intersection, heading EB on the Gilmore Bridge when MV2 12 11/14/2016 Monday 12:29 PM Dry Daylight Clear (Operating under the 66 41 same direction failed to stay in the right lane and sideswiped MV1 in the left influence) lane.

Sideswipe, MV1 was stopped in heavy traffic along Rutherford Avenue SB 13 12/20/2016 Tuesday 8:50 AM BPD - Data not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown same direction when struck by MV2. MV2 fled without exchanging information.

14 6/24/2017 Saturday 3:11 PM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown MV1 was rear-ended by MV2 while stopped at the signal.

MV 1 was heading EB on Austin St and MV2 was heading SB on Dark - lighted 15 8/26/2017 Saturday 11:03 PM Angle Dry Clear Disregarded traffic signals 32 23 Rutherford Ave. Both MV1 and MV2 claimed signal was green roadway and collided in intersection.

16 9/15/2017 Friday 12:01 PM EMS - Data Not Provided MV1 was struck on the right front side by MV2 which fled the 17 10/18/2017 Wednesday 1:44 PM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown scene without stopping. MV1 and MV2 were traveling in the left lane EB on the Gilmore 18 11/28/2017 Tuesday 4:54 PM Rear-end Dry Daylight Cloudy Followed too closely 35 43 Bridge in heavy traffic. MV1 stopped due to traffic ahead and was rear-ended by MV2.

Page 2 of 2 Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street, Boston, MA CRASH MONTH 20% 17% 17% 17% 15% 11% 11% 11% 10% 6% 6% 6% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OF WEEK 30% 28% 25% 22% 20% 17% 15% 11% 11% 10% 6% 6% 5% 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

CRASH TIME OF DAY 25% 22% 20% 17% 17% 15% 11% 11% 11% 10% 6% 6% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6AM-8AM 8AM-10AM 10AM-12PM 12PM-2PM 2PM-4PM 4PM-6PM 6PM-8PM 8PM-10PM 10PM-12AM 12AM-2AM 2AM-4AM 4AM-6AM

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION* 60% 50% 50% *EMS crashes (11% of all 40% crashes) not included due 31% to lack of information 30% 20% 6% 6% 6% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% Single Vehicle Rear-end Angle Sideswipe, Same Sideswipe, Head On Rear to Rear Unknown Crash Direction Opposite Direction

Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Rutherford Avenue at Austin Street, Boston, MA CRASH LIGHT CONDITION* 40% 38% 31% 31% 30% *EMS crashes (11% of all crashes) not included due 20% to lack of information

10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark-Lighted Dark-Roadway Dark-Unknown Other Unknown Roadway not Lighted Roadway Lighting

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION* 60% 50% 44% *EMS crashes (11% of all 40% crashes) not included due to lack of information

20% 6% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Sleet, Hail, Fog, Smog, Severe Blowing Other Unknown Freezing Smoke Crosswinds Sand, Snow Rain

CRASH ROAD SURFACE* 60% 50% 50% 50% 40% *EMS crashes (11% of all crashes) not included due 30% to lack of information 20% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Dry Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, dirt, Water (standing, Slush Other Unknown oil, gravel moving)

CRASH DRIVER AGES* 50% 47%

40% *EMS crashes (11% of all 30% crashes) not included due to lack of information 18% 20% 15% 15%

10% 3% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15-20 21-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Unknown*

SYMBOLS TYPES OF COLLISIONS REAR END MOVING VEHICLE PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY RIGHT TURN PARKED VEHICLE HEAD ON INJURY REPORTED FIXED OBJECT SIDE SWIPE ANGLE STOPPED VEHICLE FATAL INJURY REPORTED LEFT TURN BICYCLE CRASH SEVERITY OUT OF CONTROL NIGHT TIME PEDESTRIAN NOT REPORTED CRASH

N

RUTHERFORD AVENUE VOROSMARTI, JAMES -

OLD RUTHERFORD AVENUE

RUTHERFORD AVENUE

RAMP TL (ROUTE 1 RAMPS)

NOTES 1. FIGURE NOT TO SCALE 2. SOURCE: 2015-2017 BOSTON PD & MASSDOT DATA 3. CRASHES 14, 15 & 21 ARE NOT PLOTTED DUE TO LACK OF DATA PROVIDED P:\3946\143-3946-15001\SUPPORTDOCS\GRAPHICS\TRAFFIC\CRASH RATES\606226_COLLISION DIAGRAMS_JUNE 2019.DWG

- City of Boston: Rutherford Avenue Reconstruction (MassDOT Proj: 606226) Project No.: 143-3946-15001 RUTHERFORD AVENUE - TOBIN BRIDGE RAMPS Date: 07/02/19 COLLISION DIAGRAM Designed By: JV www.tetratech.com FIGURE 100 Nickerson Road Marlborough, MA 01752 5 Copyright: Tetra Tech 7/3/2019 9:27:09 AM Bar Measures 1 inch Crash Data Summary Table- Rutherford Ave at Tobin Bridge Ramps - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Manner of Road Surface Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # #

Single vehicle Dark - lighted Failure to keep in proper MV1 hit a pedestrian signal post while heading inbound on 1 1/11/2015 Sunday 2:39 AM Dry Cloudy 27 crash roadway lane or running off road Rutherford Ave and fled the scene.

Operating vehicle in MV1 was stopped at the signal heading SB when MV2 rear- Sand, mud, dirt, erratic, reckless, careless, 2 1/16/2015 Friday 4:32 PM Rear-end Daylight Cloudy 33 64 ended MV1. Driver of MV2 was intoxicated and weaving in and oil, gravel negligent, or aggressive out of traffic prior to the crash. manner

Single vehicle Dark - lighted 3 2/20/2015 Friday 5:47 AM Snow Clear No improper driving 63 MV1 lost control of vehicle due to snow and ice on the roadway. crash roadway

MV1 was traveling outbound through the signal at the Route 1 Sideswipe, Disregarded traffic signs, ramps when sideswiped by MV2 turning left onto Rutherford 4 3/4/2015 Wednesday 11:00 PM BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown same direction signals and road markings Avenue NB from ramp. Operators of both MV claim to have had green light.

MV1 was driving in the right lane when MV2 (a tractor trailer in Sideswipe, Failure to keep in proper 5 5/19/2015 Tuesday 8:57 AM Dry Daylight Clear 39 Unknown the left lane) sideswiped MV1 on the off-ramp near Rutherford same direction lane Ave.

Failure to keep in proper Single vehicle MV1 lost control of vehicle in wet conditions and struck a wall 6 6/21/2015 Sunday 12:42 PM Wet Daylight Rain lane or running off the 27 crash on the ramp to the Tobin Bridge. road

MV1 was traveling NB in the center lane and changed lanes to Sideswipe, Failure to keep in proper 7 11/3/2015 Tuesday 10:00 AM Not Reported Daylight Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown the right hand lane as it approached Old Rutherford Avenue and same direction lane (unsafe lane change) sideswiped MV2.

MV1 and MV2 were traveling SB on Rutherford Ave. MV1 was in the right lane when operator realized he did not want to turn Sideswipe, Failure to keep in proper 8 12/30/2015 Wednesday 4:29 PM Not reported Not Reported Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown right onto the ramp. MV1 cut in front of MV2, but MV2 (a semi- same direction lane (unsafe lane change) trailer) did not see MV1 since it was low to the ground and in blind spot. MV2 struck MV1.

Failure to keep in proper MV1 was driving in the right lane when MV2 (a tractor trailer in Sideswipe, 9 1/7/2016 Thursday 8:22 AM Dry Daylight Clear lane or running off the 41 43 the left lane) sideswiped MV1 on the off-ramp near Rutherford same direction road Ave.

Page 1 of 3 Crash Data Summary Table- Rutherford Ave at Tobin Bridge Ramps - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Manner of Road Surface Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # #

MV1 was heading NE from the off-ramp while MV2 was heading Dark - lighted Failure to keep in proper 10 2/21/2016 Sunday 8:00 PM Angle Dry Clear 30 35 SB on Rutherford Ave. Both vehicles claimed to have a green roadway lane light and collided in the intersection.

MV1 (snow plow) was turning left onto Rutherford Ave NB with Disregarded traffic signs, a green light when MV2 traveling SB struck the front drivers side 11 4/3/2016 Sunday 10:20 AM Angle Wet Daylight Snow 51 55 signals and road markings portion of MV1. MV2 did not see the red light and failed to avoid MV1.

Operating vehicle in MV2 and MV3 were stopped at a signal in separate lanes Sideswipe, erratic, reckless, careless, heading N on off-ramp when MV1 attempted to pass between 12 4/27/2016 Wednesday 9:50 AM Dry Daylight Clear 34 43 40 same direction negligent, or aggressive them at a high rate of speed. MV1 collided with both MV2 and manner MV3.

MV1, MV2, and MV3 were traveling WB away from Rutherford Avenue onto the ramp when MV1 encountered traffic from the 13 6/24/2016 Friday 7:47 AM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear Inattention 49 32 29 ramp and slowed. MV2 also slowed, but MV3 could not slow or stop in time and rear-ended MV2, pushing it into the back of MV1.

MV1 and MV2 collided at the intersection. No further 14 10/5/2016 Wednesday 5:40 PM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown information available.

BPD - Data MV1 and MV2 collided traveling SB at the intersection. No 15 10/21/2016 Friday 8:45 AM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown Not Provided further information available.

MV1 (second lane from curb) and MV2 (third lane from curb) Other improper action were stopped in traffic at a red light when a cyclist was weaving Sideswipe, 16 10/26/2016 Wednesday 4:49 PM BPD - Data Not Provided (weaving in and out of Unknown Unknown between traffic. The cyclist hit the mirror and bounced off of same direction traffic) MV2, landing on the ground under the tire of MV1. When light turned green, MV1 moved forward and ran over cyclist. MV1 was stopped at the red light in far right lane to turn right Single vehicle 17 4/25/2017 Tuesday 1:34 PM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown onto Rutherford Avenue. MV1 proceeded when the light turned crash green and did not see and struck pedestrian.

Page 2 of 3 Crash Data Summary Table- Rutherford Ave at Tobin Bridge Ramps - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Manner of Road Surface Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # # MV1 (tractor trailer) and MV2 were heading NB from ramp Sideswipe, approaching Rutherford Avenue when MV1 was moving to the 18 6/14/2017 Wednesday 12:34 PM Dry Daylight Clear Unknown 27 29 same direction right lane to make the left turn onto Rutherford Avenue NB when it sideswiped MV2.

19 7/2/2017 Sunday 8:01 AM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear Other improper action 34 29 MV2 attempted to back up on the off ramp and struck MV1.

MV1 and MV2 traveling SB on ramp away from Rutherford 20 7/24/2017 Monday 2:03 PM Rear-end Wet Daylight Cloudy/Rain Followed too closely 22 55 Avenue. MV1 applied brakes and MV2 could not stop in time and rear-ended MV1.

21 9/15/2017 Friday 10:07 AM EMS - Data Not Provided

MV1 was traveling NB just past the ramp when MV2 struck MV1 22 10/18/2017 Wednesday 11:24 PM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown from behind.

Page 3 of 3 Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge Ramps CRASH MONTH 20% 18%

15% 14% 14% 14%

10% 9% 9% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OF WEEK 35% 32% 30% 25% 23% 23% 20% 14% 15% 10% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

CRASH TIME OF DAY 25% 23%

20% 18%

15% 14% 14% 9% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 0% 0% 0% 6AM-8AM 8AM-10AM 10AM-12PM 12PM-2PM 2PM-4PM 4PM-6PM 6PM-8PM 8PM-10PM 10PM-12AM 12AM-2AM 2AM-4AM 4AM-6AM

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION* 38% 40% *EMS crashes (5% of all 30% crashes) not included due 24% to lack of information 19% 20% 10% 10% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% Single Vehicle Rear-end Angle Sideswipe, Same Sideswipe, Head On Rear to Rear Unknown Crash Direction Opposite Direction

Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Rutherford Avenue at Tobin Bridge Ramps CRASH LIGHT CONDITION* 60% 52%

*EMS crashes (5% of all 40% crashes) not included due 33% to lack of information 20% 14% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark-Lighted Dark-Roadway Dark-Unknown Other Unknown Roadway not Lighted Roadway Lighting

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION* 38% 38% 40% *EMS crashes (5% of all 30% crashes) not included due to lack of information 20% 10% 10% 10% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Sleet, Hail, Fog, Smog, Severe Blowing Other Unknown Freezing Smoke Crosswinds Sand, Snow Rain

CRASH ROAD SURFACE* 38% 38% 40%

30% *EMS crashes (5% of all crashes) not included due 20% 14% to lack of information 10% 5% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Dry Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, dirt, Water (standing, Slush Other Unknown oil, gravel moving)

CRASH DRIVER AGES* 50% 40% 40% *EMS crashes (5% of all crashes) not included due to lack of information 30% 18% 18% 20% 12% 10% 7% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 15-20 21-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Unknown*

SYMBOLS TYPES OF COLLISIONS REAR END MOVING VEHICLE PROPERTY DAMAGE ONLY RIGHT TURN PARKED VEHICLE HEAD ON INJURY REPORTED FIXED OBJECT SIDE SWIPE ANGLE STOPPED VEHICLE FATAL INJURY REPORTED LEFT TURN BICYCLE CRASH SEVERITY OUT OF CONTROL NIGHT TIME PEDESTRIAN NOT REPORTED CRASH

N VOROSMARTI, JAMES -

RUTHERFORD AVENUE

CHELSEA STREET

NORTH WASHINGTON STREET RAMP L-C (TO I-93 SB)

NOTES 1. FIGURE NOT TO SCALE 2. SOURCE: 2015-2017 BOSTON PD & MASSDOT DATA 3. CRASHES 6 , 7, 8 , 10 , 11 , 16 , 21, 27 & 28 ARE NOT PLOTTED DUE TO LACK OF DATA PROVIDED P:\3946\143-3946-15001\SUPPORTDOCS\GRAPHICS\TRAFFIC\CRASH RATES\606226_COLLISION DIAGRAMS_JUNE 2019.DWG

- City of Boston: Rutherford Avenue Reconstruction (MassDOT Proj: 606226) Project No.: 143-3946-15001 RUTHERFORD AVENUE - CHELSEA STREET/ N. WASHINGTON STREET Date: 07/02/19 COLLISION DIAGRAM Designed By: JV www.tetratech.com FIGURE 100 Nickerson Road Marlborough, MA 01752 6 Copyright: Tetra Tech 7/3/2019 9:27:14 AM Bar Measures 1 inch Crash Data Summary Table- Rutherford Ave at N. Washington St at Chelsea St - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Manner of Road Surface Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # #

MV2 was stopped at a red light on Rutherford Avenue inbound when MV2 1 1/15/2015 Thursday 9:17 PM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided Inattention Unknown Unknown struck MV1 from behind.

MV1 was heading NB on Rutherford Ave when MV2 pulled out from Chelsea 2 4/9/2015 Thursday 6:03 AM Angle Wet Dawn Rain/Rain Failed to yield right-of-way 30 26 St and struck MV1.

Sideswipe, MV2 was traveling SB on Rutherford Ave attempting to make a U-turn and Disregarded traffic signs, 3 4/24/2015 Friday 1:44 PM same BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown swung wide. MV1 believed MV2 was switching lanes since the driver swung so signals, and road markings direction wide and went to pass MV2 and struck MV2.

MV1 was entering the on-ramp and slowed behind traffic when MV2 traveling 4 5/5/2015 Tuesday 10:30 AM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown SB on Rutherford Avenue struck the rear of MV1.

Disregarded traffic signs, MV1 and MV2 were heading SB on Rutherford Ave when MV1 attempted to 5 5/8/2015 Friday 10:00 AM Angle Dry Daylight Clear/Clear 36 38 signals, and road markings change lanes from the middle to left lane and struck MV2.

6 6/1/2015 Monday 3:23 AM EMS - Data Not Provided MV1 struck a pothole around a construction plate in the roadway near 1 Single vehicle 7 7/6/2015 Monday 12:04 PM Not reported Daylight Not Reported Unknown Rutherford Avenue. The roadway had collapsed around the plate which had crash formed a large hole. 8 9/15/2015 Tuesday 3:36 PM EMS - Data Not Provided

Dark - lighted MV1 was stopped at a signal heading SB on Rutherford Ave when MV2 rear- 9 10/23/2015 Friday 12:05 AM Rear-end Dry Clear Failed to yield right-of-way 51 55 roadway ended MV1. MV2 did not stop.

10 10/30/2015 Friday 1:16 AM EMS - Data Not Provided

11 12/4/2015 Friday 7:35 AM EMS - Data Not Provided

Sideswipe, A police officer was directing traffic around a prior motor vehicle crash (see 12 12/4/2015 Friday 8:45 AM same Dry Daylight Clear Glare/Other Improper Action 33 58 above) and was struck by MV1 heading SB. Heavy traffic due to motor vehicle direction crash and solar glare.

Page 1 of 3 Crash Data Summary Table- Rutherford Ave at N. Washington St at Chelsea St - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Manner of Road Surface Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # #

Sideswipe, MV1 was traveling on Rutherford Avenue inbound in the middle lane when Failure to stay in lane (improper 13 1/12/2016 Tuesday 6:28 PM same Not reported Not Reported Not Reported Unknown Unknown MV2 was on the right of MV1. MV2 attempted to get in the middle lane and lane change) direction sideswiped MV1. MV2 fled the scene.

MV1 did not stop in time and hit MV2 (which had stopped for traffic) on the 14 3/26/2016 Saturday 6:14 PM Rear-end Dry Daylight Clear Inattention 28 Unknown ramp from Rutherford Avenue to I-93.

MV1 and MV2 were sitting in standstill traffic opposite City Square when MV2 15 6/7/2016 Tuesday 9:19 AM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown rolled into MV1.

16 6/15/2016 Wednesday 6:27 PM EMS - Data Not Provided

MV1 rear-ended MV2 while traveling SB on Rutherford Avenue. MV1 fled the 17 9/22/2016 Monday 7:45 AM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown scene without exchanging information.

MV1 was traveling SB on Rutherford Avenue in the middle lane when MV2 Single vehicle 18 9/26/2016 Monday 8:40 AM BPD - Data Not Provided Maneuver to avoid collision Unknown swerved into the lane. In order to avoid a collision with MV2, operator of MV1 crash laid the motorcycle to the left and fell.

Single vehicle Dark - lighted Operating vehicle in erratic, MV1 lost control while heading NB on Rutherford Ave and crashed into City 19 10/29/2016 Saturday 3:21 AM Dry Clear 33 crash roadway reckless, careless, negligent or Square Park and fled the scene. Open container found in MV1. OUI suspected. aggressive manner MV1 began to cross Rutherford Ave from Chelsea St to the on-ramps with a Dark - lighted Disregarded traffic signs, 20 11/20/2016 Sunday 12:08 AM Angle Wet Rain/Cloudy 37 22 green light when MV2 ran the red light. MV1 could not stop in time and struck roadway signals, and road markings, the rear panel of MV2.

MV2 made a U-Turn and struck oncoming MV1 (pupil) in the rear. Both 21 1/31/2017 Tuesday 7:26 AM Angle BPD - Data Not Provided Made a improper turn Unknown Unknown operators claim to have had green light.

Sideswipe, MV1 was stopped at the red light in the far right lane when sideswiped by 22 3/10/2017 Friday 7:03 PM same BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown MV2. direction

Single vehicle Pedestrian disregarded traffic MV1 traveling NB on Rutherford Ave had a green light and struck a pedestrian 23 3/31/2017 Friday 8:29 PM Not reported Not reported Not Reported 37 Unknown crash signals who ran across the street in the crosswalk.

MV2 was turning right from Rutherford Avenue SB onto the ramp in the right lane when MV1 attemtpted to turn right from the second lane. MV2 24 4/24/2017 Monday 11:29 AM Angle Dry Daylight Cloudy Made an improper turn 35 51 attempted to avoid a collision by driving up onto the sidewalk but was unsuccessful as traffic was approaching from Chelsea Street.

Page 2 of 3 Crash Data Summary Table- Rutherford Ave at N. Washington St at Chelsea St - 2015 to 2017

Crash Diagram Manner of Road Surface Ref # Crash Date Crash Day Crash Time Collision Condition Light Condition Weather Condition Driver Contributing Code D1 Age D2 Age D3 Age D4 Age Comments # mm/dd/yy Day hh:mm Type Type Type Type Type # # # #

MV2 rear-ended MV1 while MV1 was slowing at the yield sign onto the ramp 25 4/25/2017 Tuesday 2:06 PM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown Traveling SB on Rutherford Ave.

MV1 was stopped at a red light heading SB. MV2 did not stop in time and rear- 26 7/7/2017 Friday 6:43 PM Rear-end Wet Daylight Cloudy/Rain Inattention 38 25 ended MV1.

MV1 was stopped in heavy traffic. MV2 did not realize MV1 had stopped and 27 8/29/2017 Tuesday 3:48 PM Rear-end BPD - Data Not Provided Inattention Unknown Unknown rear-ended MV1.

MV1 was negotiating a turn at the intersection when MV2 came in contact 28 8/30/2017 Wednesday 4:00 PM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown with MV1. MV1 was turning right onto Rutherford Avenue from Chelsea Street when the Single vehicle 29 10/10/2017 Tuesday 5:25 PM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown Unknown light turned green and a pedestrian ran across the street in front of MV1 and crash was struck. Single vehicle Cyclist 1 slipped on pavement when turning left from Chelsea Street onto 30 11/10/2017 Friday 7:10 AM Dry Daylight Severe crosswinds No Improper Driving 50 25 crash Rutherford Ave SB and struck the rear end of a bus.

MV1 made an illegal U-turn from Rutherford Avenue SB when MV2 traveling 31 12/15/2017 Friday 10:38 PM Angle BPD - Data Not Provided Made an improper turn Unknown Unknown NB on Rutherford Avenue had the green light and collided with MV1.

MV1 stopped on Chelsea Street WB and looked left to prepare for turn. MV1 Single vehicle 32 12/21/2017 Thursday 6:25 AM BPD - Data Not Provided BPD - Data Not Provided Unknown moved the car slightly forward and struck pedestrian who had stepped into crash crosswalk. Pedestrian claims to have had WALK indication.

MV1 moved into the lane of MV2 and both vehicles were stopped on Dark - lighted 33 12/24/2017 Sunday 12:10 AM Rear-end Wet Rain/Clear Followed too closely 44 63 56 Rutherford Ave. MV3 failed to stop and rear-ended MV2. MV2 then was roadway pushed into MV1.

Page 3 of 3 Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Rutherford Avenue at N. Washington Street at Chelsea Street CRASH MONTH 20% 15% 15% 12% 12% 9% 9% 9% 9% 10% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 0% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

CRASH DAY OF WEEK 33% 35% 30% 24% 25% 20% 15% 15% 9% 10% 6% 6% 6% 5% 0% Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

CRASH TIME OF DAY 20% 18% 15% 15% 12% 9% 9% 9% 10% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 3% 0% 0% 6AM-8AM 8AM-10AM 10AM-12PM 12PM-2PM 2PM-4PM 4PM-6PM 6PM-8PM 8PM-10PM 10PM-12AM 12AM-2AM 2AM-4AM 4AM-6AM

CRASH MANNER OF COLLISION* 40% 36% *EMS crashes (15% of all 30% 25% crashes) not included due 21% to lack of information 20% 14%

10% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% Single Vehicle Rear-end Angle Sideswipe, Same Sideswipe, Head On Rear to Rear Unknown Crash Direction Opposite Direction

Crash Data Summary Tables and Charts Rutherford Avenue at N. Washington Street at Chelsea Street CRASH LIGHT CONDITION* 57% 60%

*EMS crashes (15% of all 40% crashes) not included due 25% to lack of information 20% 14% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Daylight Dawn Dusk Dark-Lighted Dark-Roadway Dark-Unknown Other Unknown Roadway not Lighted Roadway Lighting

CRASH WEATHER CONDITION* 80% *EMS crashes (15% of all 61% 60% crashes) not included due to lack of information 40% 18% 20% 14% 4% 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 0% 0% Clear Cloudy Rain Snow Sleet, Hail, Fog, Smog, Severe Blowing Other Unknown Freezing Smoke Crosswinds Sand, Snow Rain

CRASH ROAD SURFACE* 70% 61% 60% 50% *EMS crashes (15% of all 40% crashes) not included due to lack of information 30% 25% 20% 14% 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Dry Wet Snow Ice Sand, mud, dirt, Water (standing, Slush Other Unknown oil, gravel moving)

CRASH DRIVER AGES* 70% 58% 60% 50% *EMS crashes (15% of all crashes) not included due 40% to lack of information 30% 17% 20% 9% 11% 10% 0% 2% 2% 0% 0% 0% 15-20 21-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Unknown*