Component Composition of Radish Root Essential Oil
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Lyonia Preserve Plant Checklist
Lyonia Preserve Plant Checklist Volusia County, Florida Aceraceae (Maple) Asteraceae (Aster) Red Maple Acer rubrum Bitterweed Helenium amarum Blackroot Pterocaulon virgatum Agavaceae (Yucca) Blazing Star Liatris sp. Adam's Needle Yucca filamentosa Blazing Star Liatris tenuifolia Nolina Nolina brittoniana Camphorweed Heterotheca subaxillaris Spanish Bayonet Yucca aloifolia Cudweed Gnaphalium falcatum Dog Fennel Eupatorium capillifolium Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) Dwarf Horseweed Conyza candensis Cottonweed Froelichia floridana False Dandelion Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia Anacardiaceae (Cashew) Garberia Garberia heterophylla Winged Sumac Rhus copallina Goldenaster Pityopsis graminifolia Goldenrod Solidago chapmanii Annonaceae (Custard Apple) Goldenrod Solidago fistulosa Flag Paw paw Asimina obovata Goldenrod Solidago spp. Mohr's Throughwort Eupatorium mohrii Apiaceae (Celery) Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia Dollarweed Hydrocotyle sp. Saltbush Baccharis halimifolia Spanish Needles Bidens alba Apocynaceae (Dogbane) Wild Lettuce Lactuca graminifolia Periwinkle Catharathus roseus Brassicaceae (Mustard) Aquifoliaceae (Holly) Poorman's Pepper Lepidium virginicum Gallberry Ilex glabra Sand Holly Ilex ambigua Bromeliaceae (Airplant) Scrub Holly Ilex opaca var. arenicola Ball Moss Tillandsia recurvata Spanish Moss Tillandsia usneoides Arecaceae (Palm) Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens Cactaceae (Cactus) Scrub Palmetto Sabal etonia Prickly Pear Opuntia humifusa Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed) Caesalpinceae Butterfly Weed Asclepias -
33 34 35 Lipid Synthesis Laptop
BI/CH 422/622 Liver cytosol ANABOLISM OUTLINE: Photosynthesis Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Animals Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids and Lipids Fatty Acids Triacylglycerides contrasts Membrane lipids location & transport Glycerophospholipids Synthesis Sphingolipids acetyl-CoA carboxylase Isoprene lipids: fatty acid synthase Ketone Bodies ACP priming 4 steps Cholesterol Control of fatty acid metabolism isoprene synth. ACC Joining Reciprocal control of b-ox Cholesterol Synth. Diversification of fatty acids Fates Eicosanoids Cholesterol esters Bile acids Prostaglandins,Thromboxanes, Steroid Hormones and Leukotrienes Metabolism & transport Control ANABOLISM II: Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids & Lipids Lipid Fat Biosynthesis Catabolism Fatty Acid Fatty Acid Synthesis Degradation Ketone body Utilization Isoprene Biosynthesis 1 Cholesterol and Steroid Biosynthesis mevalonate kinase Mevalonate to Activated Isoprenes • Two phosphates are transferred stepwise from ATP to mevalonate. • A third phosphate from ATP is added at the hydroxyl, followed by decarboxylation and elimination catalyzed by pyrophospho- mevalonate decarboxylase creates a pyrophosphorylated 5-C product: D3-isopentyl pyrophosphate (IPP) (isoprene). • Isomerization to a second isoprene dimethylallylpyrophosphate (DMAPP) gives two activated isoprene IPP compounds that act as precursors for D3-isopentyl pyrophosphate Isopentyl-D-pyrophosphate all of the other lipids in this class isomerase DMAPP Cholesterol and Steroid Biosynthesis mevalonate kinase Mevalonate to Activated Isoprenes • Two phosphates -
WO 2009/005519 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (43) International Publication Date PCT (10) International Publication Number 8 January 2009 (08.01.2009) WO 2009/005519 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 31/19 (2006.01) A61K 31/185 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 31/20 (2006.01) A61K 31/225 (2006.01) AT,AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY,BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, (21) International Application Number: ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, PCT/US2007/072499 IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY,MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, (22) International Filing Date: 29 June 2007 (29.06.2007) MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, (25) Filing Language: English TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW (26) Publication Language: English (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AC- (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every CERA, INC. [US/US]; 380 Interlocken Crescent, Suite kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 780, Broomfield, CO 80021 (US). GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), (72) Inventor; and European (AT,BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, (75) Inventor/Applicant (for US only): HENDERSON, FR, GB, GR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT,LU, LV,MC, MT, NL, PL, Samuel, T. -
Squalene, Olive Oil, and Cancer Risk: a Review and Hypothesis
Vol. 6, 1101-1103, December 1997 Cancer Epidemiology,Blornarkers & Prevention 1101 Review Squalene, Olive Oil, and Cancer Risk: A Review and Hypothesis Harold L. Newmark’ of unsaturated fatty acids. In Italy, about 80% of edible oil is Strang Cancer Research Laboratory, The Rockefeller University, New York, olive oil,2 suggesting a protective effect of olive oil intake. In New York 10021, and Laboratory for Cancer Research, College of Pharmacy, another Italian case-control study of diet and pancreatic cancer Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855-0789 (8), increased frequency of edible oil consumption was associ- ated with a trend toward decreased risk. Edible oil in Italy consists of about 80% olive oil, thus suggesting a protective Abstract effect of olive oil in pancreatic cancer.2 Epidemioiogical studies of breast and pancreatic cancer Animal studies on fat and cancer have generally shown in several Mediterranean populations have demonstrated that olive oil either has no effect or a protective effect on the that increased dietary intake of olive oil is associated with prevention of a variety of chemically induced tumors. Olive oil a small decreased risk or no increased risk of cancer, did not increase tumor incidence or growth, in contrast to corn despite a higjier proportion of overall lipid intake. and sunflower oil, in some mammary cancer models (9 -1 1) and Experimental animal model studies of high dietary fat also in colon cancer models (12, 13), although in an earlier and cancer also indicate that olive oil has either no effect report, olive oil exhibited mammary tumor-promoting proper- or a protective effect on the prevention of a variety of ties similar to that ofcorn oil (14), in contrast to the later studies chemically induced tumors. -
A Key Mammalian Cholesterol Synthesis Enzyme, Squalene Monooxygenase, Is Allosterically Stabilized by Its Substrate
A key mammalian cholesterol synthesis enzyme, squalene monooxygenase, is allosterically stabilized by its substrate Hiromasa Yoshiokaa, Hudson W. Coatesb, Ngee Kiat Chuab, Yuichi Hashimotoa, Andrew J. Brownb,1, and Kenji Ohganea,c,1 aInstitute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-0032 Tokyo, Japan; bSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; and cSynthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan Edited by Brenda A. Schulman, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany, and approved February 18, 2020 (received for review September 20, 2019) Cholesterol biosynthesis is a high-cost process and, therefore, is the cognate E3 ligase for SM (9, 10), catalyzing its ubiquitination tightly regulated by both transcriptional and posttranslational in the N100 region (11). negative feedback mechanisms in response to the level of cellular Despite its importance in cholesterol-accelerated degradation, cholesterol. Squalene monooxygenase (SM, also known as squalene the structure and function of the SM-N100 region has not been epoxidase or SQLE) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol fully resolved. Thus far, biochemical analyses have revealed the biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes epoxidation of squalene. The presence of a reentrant loop anchoring SM to the ER membrane stability of SM is negatively regulated by cholesterol via its and an amphipathic helix required for cholesterol-accelerated N-terminal regulatory domain (SM-N100). In this study, using a degradation (7, 8), while X-ray crystallography has revealed the SM-luciferase fusion reporter cell line, we performed a chemical architecture of the catalytic domain of SM (12). However, the genetics screen that identified inhibitors of SM itself as up-regulators highly hydrophobic and disordered nature of the N100 region of SM. -
Plant Essential Oils and Formamidines As Insecticides/Acaricides: What Are the Molecular Targets? Wolfgang Blenau, Eva Rademacher, Arnd Baumann
Plant essential oils and formamidines as insecticides/acaricides: what are the molecular targets? Wolfgang Blenau, Eva Rademacher, Arnd Baumann To cite this version: Wolfgang Blenau, Eva Rademacher, Arnd Baumann. Plant essential oils and formamidines as in- secticides/acaricides: what are the molecular targets?. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2012, 43 (3), pp.334-347. 10.1007/s13592-011-0108-7. hal-01003531 HAL Id: hal-01003531 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01003531 Submitted on 1 Jan 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2012) 43:334–347 Review article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag, France, 2011 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-011-0108-7 Plant essential oils and formamidines as insecticides/ acaricides: what are the molecular targets? 1 2 3 Wolfgang BLENAU , Eva RADEMACHER , Arnd BAUMANN 1Institut für Bienenkunde (Polytechnische Gesellschaft), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Karl-von-Frisch-Weg 2, 61440 Oberursel, Germany 2Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany 3Institute of Complex Systems—Cellular Biophysics-(ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany Received 16 May 2011 – Revised 29 August 2011 – Accepted 21 October 2011 Abstract – The parasitic mite Varroa destructor is the main cause of the severe reduction in beekeeping during the last few decades. -
Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis by Bacitracin (Mevalonic Acid/CQ-Isopentenyl Pyrophosphate/C15-Farnesyl Pyrophosphate) K
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 69, No. 5, pp. 1287-1289, May 1972 Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis by Bacitracin (mevalonic acid/CQ-isopentenyl pyrophosphate/C15-farnesyl pyrophosphate) K. JOHN STONE* AND JACK L. STROMINGERt Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Contributed by Jack L. Strominger, March 14 1972 ABSTRACT Bacitracin is an inhibitor of the biosyn- muslin eliminated floating particles of fat from the enzyme thesis of squalene and sterols from mevalonic acid, C5- solution enzyme). In some the isopentenyl pyrophosphate, or C15-farnesyl pyrophosphate (Sio experiments, S10 enzyme catalyzed by preparations from rat liver. The antibiotic was centrifuged at 105,000 X g for 90 min to remove micro- is active at extremely low ratios of antibiotic to substrate. somal particles, and this supernatant is referred to as the Sc1t The mechanism of inhibition appears to be the formation enzyme. of a complex between bacitracin, divalent cation, and C15- Bacitracin was generously provided by the Upjohn Co., farnesyl pyrophosphate and other isoprenyl pyrophos- phates. It is similar to the formation of the complex with Kalamazoo, Mich. [2-14C]3RS-mevalonic acid was obtained C55-isopropenyl pyrophosphate in microbial systems. The from New England Nuclear Co., [SH]farnesyl pyrophosphate toxicity of bacitracin for animal cells could be due in part and [2-'4C]isopentenyl pyrophosphate were generous gifts to the formation of these complexes. from Dr. Konrad Bloch. The Enzyme incubations (about 0.5-ml samples) were termi- antibacterial properties of bacitracin result, in part, from nated by in a water bath for 1 an inhibition of the heating boiling min. -
Edible Flowers — Swansons Nursery - Seattle's Favorite Garden Store Since 1924
edible flowers — Swansons Nursery - Seattle's Favorite Garden Store Since 1924 << BACK TO NW GARDENING TIPS EDIBLE FLOWERS FOR THE NORTHWEST GARDENER Edible flowers are a lot of fun to experiment with, yet little (and much contradictory) information exists about them. This list excludes all known poisonous and questionable flowers as well as most tropical flowers and some edible flowers with little culinary merit. Please note that this list pertains only to the edibility of the flower portion of the plant. Finally, never eat any plant or flower you cannot identify with certainty. Note: Treat eating edible flowers as you might mushrooms. Different people have different sensitivities—try a small piece to check out your personal reaction. Anise Hyssop - Agastache foeniculum Arugula - Erusca vesicaria Basil - Ocimum basilicum Batchelor Button - Centaurea cyanus Bee Balm - Monarda didyma Begonia - Begonia hybrid Borage - Borago officinalis Brassicas - Brassica spp. Calendula - Calendula officinalis Clove Pink - Dianthus caryophyllus Chamomile - Matricaria recutita Chervil - Anthriscus cerefolium Chive - Allium schoenorasum https://www.swansonsnursery.com/edible-flowers[1/24/2020 8:53:33 AM] edible flowers — Swansons Nursery - Seattle's Favorite Garden Store Since 1924 Garlic Chives - Allium tuberosum Chrysanthemums - Chrysanth. x morifolium Citrus Blossoms - Citrus limon, C. sinensis Clover, Red - Trifolium pratense Coriander - Coriandrum sativum Cress - Lepidium sativum Daisy, English - Bellis perennis Dandelion - Taraxacum officinale Day Lily - Hemerocallis fulva Dill - Anethum graveolens Elderberry - Sambucus canadensis ALL ELDER FLOWERS ARE EDIBLE. BLUE ELDER BERRIES ARE EDIBLE. RED ELDER BERRIES ARE POISONOUS! Fennel - Foeniculum vulgare Fuchsia - Fuchsia hybrid Garlic Mustard - Allaria petiolata Geranium, Scented - Pelargoniums Gladiolas - Gladiolus spp. DO NOT EAT GLADIOLUS GANDAVENSIS. -
Livers of Sharks, Especially Deepwater Shark Species Which Are Especially Vulnerable Theto Overfishing and Often Endangered
AN EXCLUSIVE STUDY BY BLOOM March 2015 Shark in our beauty BEAST creams and the Beauty Shark in our beauty BEAST creams Some cosmetic brands still use a substance derived from the liver of sharks in the blends of moisturizing creams. In 2012,and BLOOM carried out a worldwide study on the use of shark squalane, a substance extracted from the livers of sharks, especially deepwater shark species which are especially vulnerable theto overfishing and often endangered. The study revealed that the cosmetics sector was the main consumer of animal squalane, even though plant substitutes derived from sugar cane or olive were available. The report pointed to the urgency for corporations to take their environmental responsibility seriously and to modify their supply chain in order to exclusively use plant squalane. Two years later, in 2014, BLOOM proceeded to carry out the largest test ever made on commercial creams to identify the presence of shark squalane in them. In total, BLOOM tested 72 moisturizing creams whose list of ingredients mentioned “squalane”. Labels did not specify whether the squalane was animal-based (shark) or plant-based (olive or sugarcane). Ten creams out of 72 did not contain a sufficient volume of squalane altogether to identify its origin, but results were robust for 62 of the products tested. As a conclusion, one moisturizing cream out of five contains shark squalane. It appearsBeauty that a high proportion of Asian brands still use shark squalane while Western brands, although still massively concerned by this issue in 2012, have globally shifted away from using shark substances. -
Noxious Weed List
Class A Weeds: Non-native species whose silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium ►knapweed, spotted Centaurea stoebe common catsear Hypochaeris radicata Washington distribution is still limited. Eradication ■small-flowered Impatiens parviflora ■►knotweed, Bohemian Polygonum x bohemicum common groundsel Senecio vulgaris and prevention are the highest priorities. jewelweed ►knotweed, giant Polygonum sachalinense common St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum Eradication of all Class A plants is required by law. Spanish broom Spartium junceum ►knotweed, Himalayan Polygonum polystachyum ►common tansy Tanacetum vulgare Class B Weeds: Non-native species presently Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago ►knotweed, Japanese Polygonum cuspidatum ►common teasel Dipsacus fullonum limited to portions of the State. Species are Texas blueweed Helianthus ciliaris ►kochia Kochia scoparia curlyleaf pondweed Potamogeton crispus designated for control in regions where they are not thistle, Italian Carduus pycnocephalus ►lesser celandine Ficaria verna English hawthorn Crataegus monogyna yet widespread. Preventing new infestations in thistle, milk Silybum marianum ►loosestrife, garden Lysimachia vulgaris ►English and Irish ivy - Hedera helix 'Baltica’, these areas is a high priority. In regions where a thistle, slenderflower Carduus tenuiflorus ► four cultivars only 'Pittsburgh', & 'Star'; H. Class B species is already abundant, control is loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria decided locally, with containment the primary goal. variable-leaf milfoil Myriophyllum -
Herb & Flower Plant List
2317 Evergreen Rd. Herb & Flower Louisa, Va 23093 (540)967-1165 (434)882-2648 Plant List www.forrestgreenfarm.com COMMON NAME : LATIN NAME COMMON NAME : LATIN NAME COMMON NAME : LATIN NAME Abutilon, Biltmore Ballgown : Abutilon Blueberry Blueray : Vaccinium corymbosum 'Blueray' Echinacea, Primadonna Deep Rose : Echinacea purpurea Agastache, Rosie Posie : Agastache rupestris 'Rosie Posie'Boneset : Eupatorium perfoliatum Echinacea, Primadonna White : Echinacea purpurea Ageratum, Blue Horizon F1 : ageratum houstonianum Borage : Borago Officinalis Echinacea, Purpurea : Agrimony : Agrimonia eupatoria Boxwood, Green Beauty : Buxus mic. v. japo. Echinops, Globve Thistle : Echinops bannaticus 'Ritro' Amaranth, burgundy : Amaranth sp. Burdock, Gobo : Arctium lappa Elderberry, Bob Gordon : Sambucus canadensis spp. Amaranthus Love-lies-Bleeding : An=maranthus caudatusCalendula : Calendula officinalis Elderberry, Wyldewood : Sambucus canadensis spp. Angelica : Angelica archangelica Calendula, HoriSun Yellow : Calendula officinalis Elderberry, York : Sambucus canadensis spp. Angelonia, blue : Angelonia Calibrachoa : Elecampane : Inula helenium Anise : pimpinella anisum Caraway : Carum carvi Eucalyptus, Silver Drop : Anise-Hyssop : Agastache foeniculum Catmint : Nepeta mussinii Evening Primrose : Oenothera biennis Argyranthemum : Butterfly Yellow Catnip : Nepeta Cataria Fennel, Bronze & Green : Foeniculum vulgare Arnica : Arnica montana Celandine : Chelidonium majus Feverfew : Tanacetum Parthenium Artichoke, Imperial Star : Cynara scolymus Celosia, -
Steroidal Triterpenes of Cholesterol Synthesis
Molecules 2013, 18, 4002-4017; doi:10.3390/molecules18044002 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Steroidal Triterpenes of Cholesterol Synthesis Jure Ačimovič and Damjana Rozman * Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +386-1-543-7591; Fax: +386-1-543-7588. Received: 18 February 2013; in revised form: 19 March 2013 / Accepted: 27 March 2013 / Published: 4 April 2013 Abstract: Cholesterol synthesis is a ubiquitous and housekeeping metabolic pathway that leads to cholesterol, an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes, required for proper membrane permeability and fluidity. The last part of the pathway involves steroidal triterpenes with cholestane ring structures. It starts by conversion of acyclic squalene into lanosterol, the first sterol intermediate of the pathway, followed by production of 20 structurally very similar steroidal triterpene molecules in over 11 complex enzyme reactions. Due to the structural similarities of sterol intermediates and the broad substrate specificity of the enzymes involved (especially sterol-Δ24-reductase; DHCR24) the exact sequence of the reactions between lanosterol and cholesterol remains undefined. This article reviews all hitherto known structures of post-squalene steroidal triterpenes of cholesterol synthesis, their biological roles and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis. Furthermore, it summarises kinetic parameters of enzymes (Vmax and Km) and sterol intermediate concentrations from various tissues. Due to the complexity of the post-squalene cholesterol synthesis pathway, future studies will require a comprehensive meta-analysis of the pathway to elucidate the exact reaction sequence in different tissues, physiological or disease conditions.