Ageing & Development News and analysis of issues affecting the lives of older people Issue 25 / March 2009

Inside: 2 News: social policy; Research update; Older women’s rights; Insights into working life; Steps to a convention; Pension watch 6 Briefing: New approaches to primary healthcare 8 Resources: Journal articles, reports and books

Migration means grandparents are bringing up children

Two reports from former Soviet Union them up hard, and professionals observed “The majority of policy work on migration countries highlight the pivotal role of that these families faced difficulties. focuses on the migrants themselves. grandparents in relation to large-scale Policy makers must also consider the In the families studied, only one in five migration. vulnerability of those who stay behind, older people considered remittances as especially older people and children,” Kyrgyzstan and Moldova are two of the a source of income. The study calls for says Eppu Mikkonen-Jeanneret, HelpAge most remittance-dependent countries in more material, psychological and social International regional representative for the world. Most migrants go to work in support to older people who look after and . Russia, which is now the second-largest grandchildren. receiver of migrant labour after the USA. In Moldova, one in three working-age The impact of migration on elderly people: In Kyrgyzstan, one in five working-age people have left the country to work grandparent-headed households in adults have gone to work abroad. A study abroad. Almost one in seven children Kyrgyzstan involving 120 older people in the two in villages, and more than 50 per cent Ablezova M et al, HelpAge International Central Asia and Social Research Center, poorest provinces, carried out by in towns, live with their grandparents. American University of Central Asia, 2008 HelpAge International Central Asia and A report by HelpAge International, based (draft) the Social Research Center, American on a project with UNICEF to develop University of Central Asia, points to the volunteer networks to support older Grandparents and grandchildren: severe of older people who stay carers, shows grandparents’ income to impact of migration in Moldova at home, relying on pensions that have be inadequate. Average state pensions HelpAge International Moldova, 2008 not kept up with inflation. are less than half the subsistence level. Interviews with more than 500 older Adult children had migrated in nine out people in two regions showed that of ten families surveyed. The decision to remittances were random. migrate was made as a family, with support from the older generation. Older The report calls for the state to consider people caring for grandchildren said they older people as an important resource for got pleasure from their grandchildren. childcare. It recommends providing them However, some said they found bringing with special entitlements and support at community level.

A&D25-AW-1.indd 1 4/3/09 12:39:20 2 Ageing and Development March 2009 Africa moves on social policy

The first-ever Social Policy Framework Action on Ageing, promoting the rights accompanying costed national plans for for Africa recognises the depth of of older people through national implementation using national and older people’s poverty and promotes legislation, supporting older people international funding when necessary. their right to social protection. through social protection, and developing The Social Policy Framework was ratified intergenerational programmes. The framework was adopted at the first at the African Union summit in Addis African Union Conference of Ministers A section on social protection highlights Ababa in February 2009. It will be the in charge of Social Development in the emerging consensus that a basis for developing national programmes Namibia in October 2008. It marks a “minimum package” of essential social and regional reviews, including a historic step towards improving social protection should include essential biannual social policy report by the security across the continent. healthcare and benefits for older people, African Union Social Affairs Commission. children and people with disabilities. Its 19 action areas and related Ministers meeting in Namibia recommendations include a section on It highlights the urgency of building also adopted the Windhoek Declaration ageing, which points out that older people political consensus to implement the on Social Development, and Africa’s first- are generally recognised as among the minimum package. It recognises that ever Common Position on Social Integra- poorest of the poor. It recommends fully social protection is a state obligation, tion, which was presented at the UN implementing the African Union’s 2002 and that provision for it should be Commission for Social Development 47th Africa Policy Framework and Plan of included in national legislation with session in New York in February 2009. Tanzania study shows pensions help Cash transfers help both older people By 2007, nearly 600 of the most The evaluation also pointed to inherent and children in their care, according to vulnerable older people in Kagera region, difficulties in implementing a means- a study from northern Tanzania. which is severely affected by HIV and tested pension in an area of widespread AIDS, were receiving a monthly pension poverty. “The study suggests how the of Tsh.6,000 (US$5) through the Tanzanian government can meet its KwaWazee project supported by REPSSI, commitment to older people under its World Vision and the Swiss Agency for national poverty reduction strategy, Development and Cooperation. Those MKUKUTA,” says Astrid Walker Bourne, caring for children received a further HelpAge International Policy and Tsh.3,000 (US$2.5) per child. Evidence Manager. An evaluation of the project showed that “The strategy calls for social protection most pension recipients no longer had for 40 per cent of the most vulnerable to beg, compared with two-thirds of older people. A universal pension, which non-recipients. Fewer pension recipients would be affordable at an estimated 1.1 described themselves as “always sick” per cent of GDP, would meet this target.” Stefan Hofmann/HelpAge International Hofmann/HelpAge Stefan – just over one-fifth, compared with more than one-third of non-recipients. Salt, soap and shoes for school The KwaWazee project has brought Children from homes receiving cash HelpAge International, 2008 more stability to older people and transfers not only ate better, but also had www.helpage.org/resources children. enough soap to last most of the month, and were absent from school less often. Comment The World Bank and IMF have long told Such social protection programmes are developing countries that they cannot affordable in even the poorest countries. afford such systems. This advice is now For example, a pension of US$8 per Spend to stimulate growth starting to seem rather hypocritical. month to everyone over 60 in Malawi In response to the current economic Economic growth needs to be generated would cost only 1.2 per cent of GDP and crisis, Barack Obama, Gordon Brown in developing countries by building would transform the lives of poor people and other world leaders have recognised social protection programmes that put while having a significant impact on the role that social spending can play cash into the hands of millions of poor economic growth. in stimulating the economy. They are people. In Namibia, the introduction Stephen Kidd proposing to spend billions expanding of a small pension in the 1990s for Director of Policy and Communications social protection programmes such everyone over 60 led to a significant HelpAge International as pensions, unemployment benefits, increase in market activity across the child benefits and tax credits. country.

A&D25-AW-1.indd 2 4/3/09 12:39:20 3 Action on rights for older women Countries that have ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against

Antonio Olmos/HelpAge International Antonio Olmos/HelpAge Women (CEDAW) will in future be asked to consider older women when Older women will be they report on progress. included in reporting on rights. This will be part of a general recommend- ation on older women, which the CEDAW committee, at its 42nd session in Geneva in November 2008, decided to develop. The general recommendation will guide Research update the 185 countries that have ratified the convention on how they can better protect older women’s rights. A working group benefit scheme to help those worst Displaced in northern Uganda has been set up to draft it. affected. Older people displaced by the conflict HelpAge International welcomes this in northern Uganda are finding it Older people’s groups in eight move. “Many older women are subject to difficult to return home, a study shows. communities across four regions will abuse and discriminated against because find out how far the benefit reaches the Some 1.8 million people were displaced of their age as well as their sex and ethnic poorest people, using home visits and by the 21-year conflict between the origin,” says Bridget Sleap, HelpAge focus group discussions. They will Ugandan Government and the Lord’s International Rights Policy Adviser. also monitor inflation of staple items. Resistance Army, which ended in 2006. “In many countries, discriminatory laws The study is being coordinated by According to research by the UNHCR and and practice prevent older women from HelpAge International with funding HelpAge International, older people make inheriting property, owning land or from the Department for International up no more than 5 per cent of those who finding employment. We’re delighted that Development and technical support have returned to their villages of origin. In the committee has chosen to develop this from the University of Southampton. some displaced people’s camps the entire recommendation which will help protect Findings will be published in mid-2009. remaining population is aged over 60. older women’s rights.” Reasons why older people are not Need for palliative care returning include lack of shelter, feelings CEDAW Older people urgently need better www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/ of anxiety and insecurity, physical palliative care, says a report from index.htm incapacity and dependency, and caring sub-Saharan Africa. responsibilities for grandchildren orphaned by the conflict. A study by the African Palliative Care Association in Kenya and Uganda in New look for A&D The report recommends consulting older 2008, funded by Help the Aged, found people about their priorities, raising that older people’s palliative care needs – You’ll notice that this issue of A&D has awareness of their rights, collecting data from age-related conditions, bereavement a new design. This reflects HelpAge on the situation of older people, and and loss, and financial destitution – are International’s new “age helps” position. improving their access to income- largely neglected. “My biggest challenge Our experience shows that older generation activities. is pain... it’s eating me up,” said one of people have a vital role to play in their the 55 older people interviewed. More information: families and communities. Our new www.helpage.org/news/latestnews/@72775 The report recommends integrating position puts older people at the centre palliative care into existing services of our work and encourages people Cash transfers in Kyrgyzstan for older people, and developing to re-think their attitudes to ageing. strategic partnerships between palliative Older people in Kyrgyzstan are Please keep in touch to make sure care organisations and older people’s assessing how far the government’s you receive regular copies of A&D. organisations. poverty-targeted cash transfer scheme If your contact details change, reaches the poorest people. please tell us, using the form at: More information: www.helpage.org/aboutus/contactus Food prices in Kyrgyzstan rose by one- Richard A Powell, Monitoring and third in 2008. The World Bank responded Evaluation and Research Manager, You can also receive our bi-monthly by announcing a US$5 million top-up to African Palliative Care Association, A&D eNewsletter. PO Box 72518, Kampala, Uganda the government’s existing targeted social Sign up at: www.helpage.org Email: [email protected]

A&D25-AW-1.indd 3 4/3/09 12:39:20 4 Ageing and Development March 2009

Insights into working life

Most older people in developing countries continue to work, mainly in arduous, poorly paid jobs in the informal sector, with no prospect of an employer’s pension. Older people in Peru, Uganda and Bangladesh talked to HelpAge International about their experiences. These are the stories of three of them.

Tajor’s life as a boatman Tajor Mulluk, 78, is a boatman in Bangladesh. “I work from eight in the morning until nightfall, and earn up to 80 taka (US$1.16) per day. I spend the whole amount on food for myself and my family. I try to save money. Sometimes I can, but mostly I cannot. “Sometimes I fall sick with body pain that is so severe that I have to stop work. When this happens my sons give me International Antonio Olmos/HelpAge A social pension helps Bangladeshi some money to help, but it is not enough boatman Tajor Mulluk make ends meet. to buy medicine. When they are unable to give us support, we starve. For the past year, I have been receiving the [government] Old Age Allowance – 660 taka (US$ 9.60) every three months. Kenya government pilots I spend this money on food. If I didn’t have this money, my suffering would be cash transfer scheme a lot greater.” The Kenyan government is piloting a Working in partnership with local civil Yolanda’s life as a market trader cash transfer programme aimed at society organisations, HelpAge Yolanda Sanches Vilches, 67, is a market alleviating extreme hunger and poverty International is also delivering a trader in Peru. “Every morning I get up in the arid and semi-arid lands. programme of civic education, based at 4am and travel to buy whatever fruit on a Programme Charter of Rights and These areas suffer from recurrent and vegetables I can afford from the big Responsibilities and Citizen’s Service drought, chronic poverty and food market at the edge of town. I have to lift Charter, to build the capacity of insecurity. The government’s Hunger the sacks onto a truck and then carry communities to hold programme Safety Net Programme, funded by the them to the market and set up my stall service providers to account. before 6am every morning. I make around British Department for International 10 soles (US$3.14) a day. I have had to Development, aims to reach 60,000 poor The pilot programme will test the cost- borrow money and now I have debts of households in the 13 poorest districts effectiveness of three different method- almost 600 soles (US$ 189). I have no (about 40 per cent of the population in ologies to target chronically poor and idea how I am going to pay them back.” these districts). food-insecure households. These are a social pension for all people aged 55 and About 300,000 people started receiving Muhindo’s life as a coffee farmer above; community-based targeting; bi-monthly payments of Ksh.2,150 and dependency ratio (households with Muhindo Seforoza, 64, is a farmer in (about US$30) in February 2009. a high proportion of older people, Uganda. “Two of my sons and two of my At least half the recipients are expected people with disabilities and children). daughters died of malaria and AIDS and to be older people. have left me to look after six grand- One of these methodologies will be Mechanisms for targeting recipients, children. I support the grandchildren by selected for scaling the programme up to delivering payments and managing farming on this small plot of land. Farming 300,000 households in three years’ time. grievances have been developed and coffee is hard work for an older person, as This phase will be financed by the Kenya are being tested and refined. Helpage you have to climb trees and be very fit and government as well as donor funding. International has been commissioned strong. If I had a pension I could make The scaled-up programme will constitute to develop and implement beneficiary more money from the farming because a major component of an integrated accountability systems, including I could pay someone to help me out.” national social protection strategy. complaints and dispute resolution processes, and appeals adjudication More information: More information: www.helpage.org/news/latestnews/@74675 mechanisms. www.hungersafetynet.org

A&D25-AW-1.indd 4 4/3/09 12:39:21 5 Steps towards an older people’s convention In brief Steps towards an international people in social and economic convention on the rights of older people development policies, MIPAA is not have been taken with the announcement legally binding. The five-year review • The HIV prevalence rate for by Latin American states that they will showed implementation to be patchy. people in Kenya in their early 50s develop a regional convention. Recognising the need for better protection is almost twice that for the “high The announcement was made during of older people’s rights, Latin American risk” 15-24 year-old age group. the 47th session of the UN Commission states, at their regional MIPAA+5 review The Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey of for Social Development (CSD) in New meeting in Brasilia in 2007, called for a 2007 shows that 8 per cent of people York in February. special rapporteur on the rights of older aged 50-54 are living with HIV, people and the drafting of a convention. compared with 4.1 per cent of The CSD also gave a mandate to the UN A convention for and those aged 15-24. Prevalence and Department for Social and Economic the would not rule out the incidence rates are needed to Affairs (UNDESA) to explore mechanisms possibility of an international convention produce a clear picture of the impact for strengthening implementation of the and could serve as a template for this. of HIV and AIDS on people over Madrid International Plan of Action on 49, who are omitted from key data Ageing (MIPAA) – for example, through Civil society organisations are showing collected by UNAIDS. the appointment of a special rapporteur increasing interest in a convention. www.helpage.org/news/latestnews/ on ageing or a convention or both. This “HelpAge International welcomes @73947 process could therefore also eventually new human rights instruments that lead to an international convention. strengthen the implementation of MIPAA, • Older people displaced by the including a special rapporteur and a civil war in Colombia are falling While the adoption of MIPAA in convention,” says Richard Blewitt, through the cracks of humanitarian 2002 marked a great step forward in HelpAge International Chief Executive. support services, assessments recognising the need to include older by HelpAge International show. None of the data collected on displaced people, who number up 3.5 million, is disaggregated by age. Older people are almost completely Pension watch absent in policies and programmes delivered by government and NGOs. In Thailand, the government is proposing There is some speculation that excluding www.helpage.org/news/latestnews/ to use a 115 billion bhat (US$3.4 billion) those who have saved through private yybf economic stimulus package to temporarily and occupational pensions may decrease extend the country’s social pension (the the incentive for people to be part of such • The Ugandan parliament has Old Age Allowance). Around a quarter schemes and therefore undermine the adopted a report from the of older people currently receive the contributory system. Committee on Equal Opportunities allowance of 500 baht (US$15) per month. that recommends the creation of five seats for older people, reports The payment is expected to begin in The Monitor. The recommendation early April. It would aim to reach all followed a petition by The Aged those not covered by a social security Family Uganda, a local NGO fund or government pension scheme. supporting older people and their The proportion of older people receiving dependants. it would increase to two-thirds. http://allafrica.com/stories/ In September 2008, the government of 200810020163.html Nepal decided to more than double the

social pension to 500 rupees (US$6.50) International Leila Amanpour/HelpAge • Health workers often think that per month. At the same time, the age of using words like “dear” or In South Africa, the Social Assistance eligibility was reduced from 75 to 70 “sweetie” with older people show Amendment Act was passed in 2008, years. In the poorer Karnali region, the that they care. But a study in the lowering the age at which men qualify age will be reduced to 60 years. USA concludes that belittling terms for the social pension from 65 to 60, such as these send a message to The Nepal old age pension was to make it the same as for women. older people that they are introduced in 1994 and has been very The legislation was a result of a case incompetent – with negative effects popular. In maintaining a simple age brought at the High Court in Pretoria. on their health, says an article in criteria it has been able to reach almost The government has set aside 800 the New York Times. 80 per cent of the eligible population. million rands (US$79 million) to extend www.nytimes.com/2008/10/07/us/ In the new system, however, those who the pension over the next three years 07aging.html are already part of other pension schemes to an estimated 125,000-450,000 newly will not be eligible for the social pension. qualifying men.

A&D25-AW-1.indd 5 4/3/09 12:39:21 A&D25-AW-1.indd 6 6 populations willage over century. this impactofHIVandAIDS,and the despite continued highfertility levels under 14. adults over 60worldwide children than for first the time ever,there willbemore people are risingexponentially. By 2050, number the andproportionboth ofolder gains lastcentury,public health ofthe in poorcommunities. Thankstothe growing numbers ofolder people living timely especially andimportant, for The revival ofprimaryhealthcare is for world”. peopleof health ofthe allthe made at Alma-Ata for “anacceptable level on primaryhealthcare, renews call the 30 years Alma-Ata sincethe declaration by anniversary WHOtomarkits60th and The 2008World Report, Health published writes MarkGorman. practical reforms tomake itareality, coverage iswelcome –andneeds healthcare. Theproposal for universal championing arevival ofprimary The World Organization Health is operation canrestore aperson’s sight treated. For example, asimple cataract couldconditions that beprevented or disability, often from commonage-related people istolive discomfort with or The daily reality for millionsofolder are ageing inpoverty andill-health. over-60s live, large numbers ofpeople where nearly two-thirds world’s ofthe deeply uneven. Indeveloping countries, However, progress hasbeen inhealth healthcare New approaches to

Ageing andDevelopment March 2009 1 Even insub-Saharan Africa,

Caroline Dobbing/HelpAge International continue changes.” topushfor further have topay for medication andwe needmore medicalsuppliesfor older people, sowe will now usually take priorityover younger adults. Thenurses nolonger harass us. We still staffhave meeting, health “Since the treated more older people with respect. Older people in charge nurses hospital.Hecalled inthe ofthe tohearwhat we hadtosay. International servicedelivery. tomonitorhealth We arranged medicalofficer tomeetthe “Then Ijoinedagroup of10older people supported by HelpAge Kenya andHelpAge They saiditwas awaste oftimeseeingolder people. wouldthey often just sendmeaway anaspirin,instead with ofreferring doctor. metothe Sometimes Iwould leave even seeinganurse. hospitalwithout the WhenIdidseeanurse, districthospital.Staffmadeolder peopleat the wait than longeryounger patients. Mukima, 76,isaretired policeofficer living inrural Kenya. “Ihad problems beingseen Mukima’s story 2

aged over 70. countries, andtwo-thirds are inpeople fromof deaths stroke occur indeveloping mainly older people. About85percent developingthe world affect –andthey andillnessinmuchof cause ofdeath stroke anddementia,are biggest now the Non-communicable diseases, suchas is bringingashiftinprevailing diseases. changing living andworking conditions A combination ofpopulation ageing and Changing diseasepatterns and discrimination. on essentialeyecare becauseofpoverty people inpoorcommunitiesmissout are over 65. countries, andalmostall–98percent Alzheimer’s diseaselive indeveloping but in fact the oppositebut infact case. the isthe ofas“diseasesthought ofaffluence”, Non-communicable diseasesare often first year alone. increased economicproductivity inthe costofsurgery1,500 percentofthe in and independence–generate A smallinvestment 5 4 Two-thirds ofpeople with 3 However, many older can bringbigreturns leadership. policies across sectors, andparticipatory centred servicedelivery, healthy public reforms: universal coverage, people- Now more thanever,proposes four key look like? TheWorld Report, Health for primaryhealthcare for older people So what would animproved agenda becomelife-threatening.which then to manage chronic conditions, health needforthe drugstoenable older people emergencies, whichoften fail toconsider This appliesequally facilities in tohealth issues.as these non-communicable diseasesaswell consequencesof the to dealwith in developing countrieswillhave ageing primaryhealthcare meansthat complications.and childbirth Population infectiouswith diseases, malnutrition arecommunities that alsostruggling Risks are often greatest inpoor 4/3/09 12:39:22

Interview by Caroline Dobbing 7

A priority for age-friendly healthcare HelpAge International and partners in should be basic training for health staff six countries, in which older people in issues affecting older people – an area monitored the provision of health that continues to be neglected, leading services and lobbied for improvements. to negative attitudes. They achieved impressive results – This relates to a key area about which one local health authority started to the World Health Report is silent – the implement a national policy to extend free relationship between formal and informal healthcare to older people, and others healthcare. For older people, this is a joined together with older people to lobby critical issue, since most of the healthcare central government to release committed they receive is provided informally by funding. Only when older people act in family members.10 In fact, most care their own interest as service users, rather of older people is by older people than be treated as “beneficiaries” of themselves, managing their own care, or provision, can “health for all” become caring for a spouse or parent older than a reality. themselves. Formal systems are also

Neil Cooper/HelpAge International Cooper/HelpAge Neil dependent on informal support, with Agenda for older people family members, often older women, WHO’s renewal of the call for primary helping to care for relatives in hospital. healthcare is welcome. A new primary healthcare agenda that would genuinely Therefore, as demand for health services benefit older people would include: for older people increases, training and support to family and community carers, • free health services with universal The report identifies cost, particularly including older people, will need to be access user fees, as a major barrier to people’s an essential component of healthy ageing health services that respond to needs access to services and a source of policies. • identified by older people themselves inequity. This is certainly true for older people. A study in China gave user fees Free healthcare for all • training on healthy ageing for health as the main reason why older people The World Health Report says, rightly, professionals, carers and older people did not seek care or go to hospital.6 that public policy reforms need to be themselves deployed in other sectors as well as The report calls for “cost-sensitive” social protection measures, notably health. Some type of protection is • services to allow people with low incomes basic pensions for all older people. certainly needed against “catastrophic” to access them. In reality, the only way to health spending by families, when a achieve equitable access is to abolish fees More information: family member becomes suddenly and altogether. This would not be enough on Mark Gorman, Director of Strategic critically ill, and needs urgent treatment. its own but, as some African countries Development, HelpAge International Universal social pensions are the best have shown, it would be straightforward Email: [email protected] choice of social protection tool, because to implement and would go a significant older people can use them to pay for a The World Health Report 2008 way towards universal access.7 www.who.int/whr/2008 variety of healthcare-related costs, However, even where services are from service charges to transportation. provided free, the cost of drugs and Health insurance schemes, whether 1. UNDESA, Major developments and trends in transport puts them out of reach of many social or community-based, have their population ageing, 2007 older people. A recent study in Lao found limitations, tending to exclude the 2. UNDESA, World population ageing, New York, 2007 poorest, including older people. 3. Jamison DT et al, Disease control priorities in that government schemes to reduce the developing countries, New York, Oxford University cost of treatment for the poorest people However, pensions alone are not enough Press for the World Bank, 1993, ch. 26 were almost irrelevant while transport to enable older people to have equal 4. WHO, www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases, 2009 costs remained so high.8 access to healthcare. There needs to be a 5. Alzheimer’s Disease International describes this as a “public health and social care emergency”, Understanding ageing serious commitment to universal access. www.alz.co.uk A study from Asia shows that countries The World Health Report also calls for 6. Ceese A, “User fees”, BMJ, 315, 1997, pp.202-3 where the poorest people have best primary healthcare to be “people- 7. Deininger K and Mpuga P, Economic and welfare access to healthcare are those that effects of the abolition of health user fees: evidence from centred”, involving patients and their provide services free.11 Free healthcare Uganda, World Bank Working Paper 3276, 2004 families, and stressing continuity of care. for all is the only means to ensure equal 8. HelpAge International, Building the capacity of This is particularly relevant to older vulnerable groups to lead poverty reduction activities access for the most vulnerable, including people. Older people often find that in upland Lao PDR, Chiang Mai, 2008 older people. It could be provided at an health service staff treat them with 9. HelpAge International, Elder abuse in the health affordable cost – the ILO has costed a care services in Kenya, Nairobi, 2002 little respect, ascribing their condition minimum package of a universal basic old 10. WHO, Active ageing: towards age-friendly primary to “old age” rather than a disease.9 age pension, disability grant and basic health care, Geneva, 2004 Older people are often kept waiting a healthcare at less than 5 per cent of GDP.12 11. Rannan-Eliya R and Somanathan A, “Access of long time, have to fill in complicated the very poor to health services in Asia: evidence on registration forms or are spoken to in a Probably the best way for older people to the role of health systems from Equitap”, unpublished workshop paper, 2005 patronising way, making them reluctant realise their right to healthcare is to make 12. Pal K et al, Can low-income countries afford Interview by Caroline Dobbing Caroline by Interview to use services even when available. their voices heard. This was shown to social protection? First results of a modelling exercise, work in a programme coordinated by Geneva, ILO, 2005

A&D25-AW-1.indd 7 4/3/09 12:39:23 8 Ageing and Development March 2009

Life expectancy and old age The age of aging: how Journal articles savings demographics are changing the De Nardi M et al, NBER Working global economy and our world HelpAge International Health among the oldest-old in helps older people claim China: which living arrangements Paper No. 14653, 2009 Magnus G, John Wiley & Sons Inc, their rights, challenge make a difference? October 2008 Social protection and ageing discrimination and overcome Li L et al, Social Science and ISBN 13 9780470822913 in Malawi* poverty, so that they can Medicine, 68:2, January 2009, Kazeze Z, FAO, Economic and HelpAge International lead dignified, secure, pp.220-227 Social Development Department, publications active and healthy lives. Race and health disparities among 2008 All available from: Ageing and Development aims seniors in urban areas in Brazil Population ageing in Malawi: www.helpage.org/resources to raise awareness of the Trujillo, A et al, J. Aging Health, understanding challenges, contribution, needs and rights 21, 2009, pp.3-37 responding to opportunities* Humanitarian action and older of older people and to promote persons: an essential brief for Gender differences in contributory FAO and Bingu Silvergrey the development of laws and humanitarian actors behaviours among the oldest-old Foundation for the Elderly, policies supporting older people. Chinese in Shanghai* Proceedings of the meeting held HelpAge International, July 2008 in Lilongwe, Malawi, It is published twice a year by Wu B et al, Ageing International 28-29 November 2007 Older people and Cyclone HelpAge International, with 32:1, 2008, pp.65-77 Nargis: a study of the situation funding from Help the Aged (UK). Aging and death under a dollar of older people 100 days on Participation of seniors in the a day* Copies are available free of Argentinian labour market: an HelpAge International charge to policy makers, option value model* Banjaree A V and Duglo E, Asia/Pacific, 2008 NBER Working Paper No. 13683, programme planners and Alós M et al, Int. Soc. Sec. Review, Issued in December 2007 Mind the gap: older people academics. Please use the order 61:4, 2008, pp.25-49 and HIV and AIDS in Africa form at: www.helpage.org/ The financial crisis and The social networks of nursing- HelpAge International, 2008 resources/regularpublications mandatory pension systems in You can also download A&D home residents in Hong Kong An untapped resource: how developing countries: short-and as a PDF from this address. Cheng S, Ageing and Society, medium-term responses for supporting older people with 29:2, February 2009, pp.163-178 retirement income systems* social protection will help Alternatively, write to achieve the MDGs Perceived caregiver burden in India: Dorfman M et al, Pensions Publications, HelpAge implications for social services Primer Series, Pensions Online, HelpAge International 2008 International at the address below, or email: [email protected] Gupta R et al, Affilia, 24, February World Bank, 2008 The new rural social pension (giving the subject as 2009, pp.69-79 Social insurance (pensions insurance programme of Baoji ‘publication order’). City Shaanxi Province, China Aging in Brazil: physical activity, and health), labour markets and You can also sign up for our socioeconomic conditions, and coverage in Latin America* Wenjuan Z and Dan T, HelpAge bi-monthly A&D eNewsletter at: diseases among older adults in Mesa-Lago C, Social Policy International Asia/Pacific, 2008 www.helpage.org southern Brazil and Development Paper No. 36, The social pension in India: a Bertoldo Benedetti T et al, UNRISD, 2008 participatory study on poverty Editor: Celia Till Email: [email protected] J. Applied Gerontology 27:5, 2008, Transfers and labor market reduction impact and role of pp.631-640 behavior of the elderly in monitoring groups HelpAge International “This is where we buried our developing countries: theory HelpAge International PO Box 32832 sons”: people of advanced old age and evidence from Vietnam* Asia/Pacific, 2009 N1 9ZN, UK coping with the impact of the Tran C, CAEPR Working Paper, The universal social pension Tel: +44 20 7278 7778 AIDS epidemic in a resource-poor 2008-018, July 2008 in Nepal: an assessment of its Fax: +44 20 7713 7993 setting in rural Uganda Population ageing and the impact on older people in Selley J et al, Ageing and Society, Registered charity number: 288180 well-being of older persons in Tanahun district Copyright © HelpAge International 2009 29:1, January 2009, pp.115-134 Thailand* HelpAge International Any parts of this publication may be Knodel J and Chayovan N, Asia/Pacific, 2009 reproduced for non-profit purposes unless indicated otherwise. 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