Innovation and Possibilities
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Free Space Optics for 5G Backhaul Networks and Beyond Wael G
Free Space Optics for 5G Backhaul Networks and Beyond Thesis by Wael G. Alheadary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Makkah Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia July, 2018 2 EXAMINATION COMMITTEE PAGE The thesis of Wael G. Alheadary is approved by the examination committee Committee Chairperson: Professor Mohamed-Slim Alouini Committee Members: Professor Boon Ooi, Professor Taous-Meriem Laleg-Kirati, Professor Chengshan Xiao. 3 © July 2018 Wael G. Alheadary All Rights Reserved 4 ABSTRACT Free Space Optics for 5G Backhaul Networks and Beyond Wael G. Alheadary The exponential increase of mobile users and the demand for high-speed data services has resulted in significant congestions in cellular backhaul capacity. As a solution to satisfy the traffic requirements of the existing 4G network, the 5G net- work has emerged as an enabling technology and a fundamental building block of next-generation communication networks. An essential requirement in 5G backhaul networks is their unparalleled capacity to handle heavy traffic between a large number of devices and the core network. Microwave and optic fiber technologies have been considered as feasible solutions for next-generation backhaul networks. However, such technologies are not cost effective to deploy, especially for the backhaul in high-density urban or rugged areas, such as those surrounded by mountains and solid rocks. Addi- tionally, microwave technology faces alarmingly challenging issues, including limited data rates, scarcity of licensed spectrum, advanced interference management, and rough weather conditions (i.e., rain, which is the main weather condition that affects microwave signals the most). -
Nokia Disconnected a Corporate History from a Workers’ Perspective
By Cereal , Cividep India, SOMO May 2015 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Methodology ................................................................................................... 3 2. Leading the mobile phone sector (1998-2007) ........................................... 5 2.1. Precarious employment, poor working conditions and relocations ................. 5 3. Decline (2007-2013) ...................................................................................... 8 3.1. Loss of market share and dismissal of workers worldwide ............................. 8 4. Acquisition by Microsoft (2013-2015).......................................................... 12 4.1. Large scale job cuts ........................................................................................ 12 5. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 17 Colophon ................................................................................................................... 18 Nokia Disconnected A corporate history from a workers’ perspective 1. Introduction Nokia is one of the most successful companies of the late 20th and early 21st century. At its peak, the company had over 40% of the mobile phone market share, and its brand was synonymous to mobile technology. Eventually, the company dwindled and was taken over by software giant Microsoft in 2013. The company’s rise and fall illustrates -
Nokia Phones: from a Total Success to a Total Fiasco
Portland State University PDXScholar Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations Engineering and Technology Management 10-8-2018 Nokia Phones: From a Total Success to a Total Fiasco Ahmed Alibage Portland State University Charles Weber Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/etm_fac Part of the Engineering Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details A. Alibage and C. Weber, "Nokia Phones: From a Total Success to a Total Fiasco: A Study on Why Nokia Eventually Failed to Connect People, and an Analysis of What the New Home of Nokia Phones Must Do to Succeed," 2018 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), Honolulu, HI, 2018, pp. 1-15. This Article is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Engineering and Technology Management Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. 2018 Proceedings of PICMET '18: Technology Management for Interconnected World Nokia Phones: From a Total Success to a Total Fiasco A Study on Why Nokia Eventually Failed to Connect People, and an Analysis of What the New Home of Nokia Phones Must Do to Succeed Ahmed Alibage, Charles Weber Dept. of Engineering and Technology Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA Abstract—This research intensively reviews and analyzes the management made various strategic changes to take the strategic management of technology at Nokia Corporation. Using company back into its leading position, or at least into a traditional narrative literature review and secondary sources, we position that compensates or reduces the losses incurred since reviewed and analyzed the historical transformation of Nokia’s then. -
Case No COMP/M.4297 - NOKIA / SIEMENS
EN Case No COMP/M.4297 - NOKIA / SIEMENS Only the English text is available and authentic. REGULATION (EC) No 139/2004 MERGER PROCEDURE Article 6(1)(b) NON-OPPOSITION Date: 13/11/2006 In electronic form on the EUR-Lex website under document number 32006M4297 Office for Official Publications of the European Communities L-2985 Luxembourg COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 13.11.2006 SG-Greffe(2006) D/206841 In the published version of this decision, some PUBLIC VERSION information has been omitted pursuant to Article 17(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 concerning non-disclosure of business secrets and other confidential information. The omissions are shown thus […]. Where possible the information MERGER PROCEDURE omitted has been replaced by ranges of figures or a general description. ARTICLE 6(1)(b) DECISION To the notifying party Dear Sir/Madam, Subject: Case No COMP/M.4297 – NOKIA/SIEMENS Notification of 5 October 2006 pursuant to Article 4 of Council Regulation No 139/20041 1. On 05/10/2006, the Commission received a notification of a proposed concentration pursuant to Article 4 of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004 by which the undertaking Nokia Corporation (“Nokia”, Finland) acquires within the meaning of Article 3(1)(b) of the Council Regulation control of the undertaking Nokia Siemens Networks (“NSN”), a newly created company to which Nokia and Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (“Siemens”, Germany) will contribute their worldwide mobile and fixed-line telecommunications network equipment businesses. Nokia and Siemens are hereinafter referred to as “the Parties”. 2. After examination of the notification, the Commission has concluded that the notified operation falls within the scope of the Merger Regulation and does not raise serious doubts as to its compatibility with the common market and the EEA Agreement. -
Nokia Networks – APAC Update
Nokia Networks – APAC Update Simon Beresford-Wylie Senior Vice President, APAC Nokia Networks 1 © NOKIA Talks Vision and Strategy in China 2004 Outline • APAC Review 2003 • The mobile infrastructure market in APAC 2004-2007 • Focus on India • Summary 2 © NOKIA Talks Vision and Strategy in China 2004 Nokia Networks in APAC • Leading provider of network infrastructure, service delivery platforms and related services S.Korea • Leader in GSM, EDGE and Japan WCDMA networks • Regional HQ in Singapore Taiwan • Offices in 12 countries across India the region Philippines • Nearly 1000 people Thailand Vietnam supporting Sales & Marketing, Malaysia Delivery Services and Support Singapore • Networks represented 19% of Indonesia Nokia’s net sales in 2003 Australia New Zealand 3 © NOKIA Talks Vision and Strategy in China 2004 Review of Networks in APAC 2003 • 2H 2003 - Resumption of Capex investment by operators • Strong Growth in key markets of Philippines and Thailand • Significant WCDMA wins in Taiwan and Singapore • Strong market share gains in India, Indonesia and Thailand • Good progress on EDGE deployment 4 © NOKIA Talks Vision and Strategy in China 2004 Networks gained market share in 2003 Overall global market share all mobile standards, 12 month rolling average 30 % Ericsson Nokia 20 % Siemens Nor t el Lucent Mo t o r o la 10 % Alcat el Ot h er NEC 0 % Q2-02 Q3-02 Q4-02 Q1-03 Q2-03 Q3-03 Q4-03 Q1-04 (Includes infrastructure & services – all technologies) Source: Nokia May 2004 5 © NOKIA Talks Vision and Strategy in China 2004 The Mobile Infrastructure -
People & Planet Report 2016
People & Planet Report 2016 1.0 About this report We would like to thank you for reading the Nokia People & Planet Report 2016. The report presents and discusses the key ethical, environmental, and socio- economic issues most material to our business and stakeholders during the 2016 fiscal year. Sustainability 2016 About Approach Improve Protect Integrity Respect Together Data Assurance Nokia People & Planet Report 2016 2 7.01.0 ImprovingAbout people’sthis report lives with technology The scope of this report The scope of this report is Nokia Group, including Nokia’s Networks business. However, the numeric Further information Nokia's Networks business groups, Nokia data regarding our facilities energy use, waste, and Technologies, and Group Common and Other water include the whole Nokia Group. The chapters We have published annual corporate responsibility Your feedback Functions, in 2016. ‘Improving people’s lives with technology’ and reports since 1999 and the reports are available in We welcome your ‘Making change happen together’ include references digital format on our website from as far back as views and questions For an explanation of how we chose what to include to activities that took place in early 2017 but this is 2003 at nokia.com/sustainability on our activities and in this year’s report, please refer to the section indicated in the text separately. our performance. If Materiality: Identifying our key priorities. We also discuss sustainability and corporate you would like to share Reporting frameworks and responsibility topics in our official annual reports, your opinions, please At the end of 2015, our shareholders voted including the annual report on Form 20-F that contact us at overwhelmingly to approve the Alcatel-Lucent assurance is filed with the U.S. -
5G Wireless Infrastructure Semiconductor Analysis
5G WIRELESS INFRASTRUCTURE SEMICONDUCTOR ANALYSIS SIA CONFIDENTIAL | 5G INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS | 1 2 | 5G INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On behalf of SIA, a wireless market intelligence firm has analyzed all of the semiconductor function product families within the key elements of a 5G radio access network (RAN)- baseband unit (BBU) and active antenna unit (AAU)/remote radio unit (RRU) systems for 5G base stations along with the current domestic United States and foreign/international semiconductor suppliers. Our conclusion is that despite the United States maintaining overall market-share leadership in semiconductors with a 45% share of the global market, substitutes for U.S. components exist for nearly every semiconductor product family required to build a complete RAN infrastructure. In fact, our analysis indicates that of the more than fifty critical semiconductor elements necessary to design, manufacture, and sell a competitive 5G RAN network1, only 3 components could face supply constraints outside the United States in the event of an export restriction. For each of those three components, we have further concluded that alternatives are currently being deployed or under active development, especially within China by Huawei’s semiconductor design arm, HiSilicon. 8 | 5G INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS | SIA CONFIDENTIAL OUR CONCLUSION FOR THE BASEBAND UNIT SYSTEM FOR A 5G BASE STATION IS THAT THE TWO KEY SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCT FAMILIES THAT MAY PRESENT SUPPLY ISSUES OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES ARE: • Commercial off-the-shelf Field -
A Fugitive Success That Finland Is Quickly Becoming a Victim of Its Own Success
Professor Charles Sabel from Columbia Law School and Professor AnnaLee Saxenian from UC Berkeley argue in their book A Fugitive Success that Finland is quickly becoming a victim of its own success. In recent decades Finnish firms in the forest products and telecommunications industries have become world leaders. But the kind of discipline that made this success possible, and the public policies that furthered it, is unlikely to secure it in the future. Efficiency improvements and incremental A Fugitive Success innovations along the current business trajectory will gradually lead these industries into a dead-end unless they use innovation as a vehicle for transforming themselves into new higher value businesses. Saxenian and Sabel raise some serious concerns about the readiness of these industries, and the Finnish innovation system as a whole, for the needed transformation. A Fugitive Success is required reading for A Fugitive Success those involved in the development of the Finnish innovation environment and Finland’s Economic Future implementing the new national innovation strategy. Charles Sabel and AnnaLee Saxenian Sitra Reports 80 Sitra Reports the Finnish Innovation Fund ISBN 978-951-563-639-3 Itämerentori 2, P.O. Box 160, FI-00181 Helsinki, Finland, www.sitra.fi/en ISSN 1457-5728 80 Telephone +358 9 618 991, fax +358 9 645 072 URL: http://www.sitra.fi A Fugitive Success Finland’s Economic Future Sitra Reports 80 A Fugitive Success Finland’s Economic Future Charles Sabel AnnaLee Saxenian Sitra • HelSinki 3 Sitra Reports 80 Layout: Sisko Honkala Cover picture: Shutterstock © Sabel, Saxenian and Sitra ISBN 978-951-563-638-6 (paperback) ISSN 1457-571X (paperback) ISBN 978-951-563-639-3 (URL:http://www.sitra.fi) ISSN 1457-5728 (URL:http://www.sitra.fi) The publications can be ordered from Sitra, tel. -
Nokia Brochure
Nokia In Greece Nokia Hellas has a presence of 30 years in Greece a strong collaboration with Universities and giving a vote of confidence to the Greek economy innovation institutions across Greece. Overall, a & labor market. The company is among the top well-recognized brand in the Greek ICT market, as 100 corporations in Greece according to proved by several awards. headcount and among the top 200 corporations in Greece according to revenues across all At NOKIA Hellas we lead the implementation of industries & public sector. It has a Global technology edge in software, networks and Technology Center facility and is the #1 ICT R&D communications. We develop and export the hub in Greece with more than 900 employees of software that powers 5G for the international 34 years average age, out of which, 80% market. University graduates, 50% postgraduates and with strong diverse country and line management Our technology stack includes cloud native team. architecture, software defined networks, DevOps and end-to-end automation. The company has a very diverse DNA starting initially as Nokia and then by acquiring Siemens Being a member of NOKIA Hellas means that you Networks, Motorola Networks, Alcatel Lucent and are a member of the most innovative teams in Bell labs. Nokia is present in all local telecom the world, building an international career while operators where it has installed most of Nokia working in Greece. portfolio. Currently building presence in governmental and enterprise networks and holds Largest ICT R&D Hub in Greece Established -
The Dissolving Corporation
THE DISSOLVING CORPORATION Contemporary Architecture and Corporate Identity in Finland Peter MacKeith www.eva.fi EVA´s homepage contains reports, articles and other material in Finnish and in English. Publisher: Taloustieto Oy Cover: Antti Eklund Printing: Yliopistopaino 2005 ISBN 951-628-424-8 PREFACE In the past few years, the Finnish Business and Policy Forum EVA has treated the issues of creativity and business-culture interaction with growing interest. This report is an extension of the June, 2004 EVA conference on “Creativity through Competitiveness” and is published in co-operation with the Creative Finland Association. Entertaining a subject quite different from past EVA report themes, this essay offers one perspective on the state of Finnish corporate architecture within the more general context of corporate management practices and ar- chitectural innovations. In this report, Professor Peter MacKeith argues that in the contempora- ry moment of global, open-market economies, Finnish architecture is at a critical juncture. This condition is reflected precisely in recent headquarters architecture produced by Finnish corporations. Whereas a hundred years ago corporate headquarters were central elements of the surrounding cultural and urban environment, expressing values of the emerging national consciousness, today’s Finnish corporate headquar- ters have adopted a style of neutrality and anonymity, and situated themselves outside of the public realm. Professor MacKeith calls for a corporate architecture that takes into account issues of sustainable de- velopment and the corporation’s relationship to the society, culture and civic realm in which it is physically situated. Along with the desired image and values communicated by a building’s form to the outside world, corporate office planning has also adopted new objectives. -
Nokia Networks Shrinks an Entire LTE Network Into a Box
Press Release Nokia Networks shrinks an entire LTE network into a box Ultra-compact LTE network for quick deployment to support first responder communications in disaster areas Provides stand-alone wireless communications at industrial sites like mines and petrochemical plants Enables reliable, high-bandwidth services in remote and rural areas with zero or limited coverage Espoo, Finland – 19 May 2015 Nokia Networks is launching a compact, rapidly deployable LTE network in a box with macro site capacity and coverage to provide real-time communication services. Nokia Network in a box can serve as a dedicated small network for major industrial sites. It also enables vital public safety communications to be implemented at emergency scenes where wide area network coverage is not available. In addition, mobile operators can use the miniature LTE network to bring high-bandwidth connectivity to rural and remote areas. Offering voice and data services in areas with limited or no network coverage is a big challenge which is addressed by the Nokia Networks LTE network in a box. Click to Tweet: Launch: @nokianetworks shrinks complete #LTE network into a box http://nokia.ly/1Hpt3Vu #NetworksPerform Solution details at a glance: Nokia Network in a box is a compact macro base station with an integrated core network ready to operate on either FDD or TD-LTE bands, along with built-in ports for external IP connectivity. Based on Nokia Flexi Multiradio 10 Base Station, Network in a box supports thousands of users, weighs only about 40 kg and requires a power supply of less than 1 kW. It can be easily powered by a car-based inverter or a small portable generator. -
Corporate Governance Statement
Corporate governance statement This corporate governance Regulatory framework compensation plans. Under Finnish law, stock option plans require shareholder approval at statement is prepared in Our corporate governance practices the time of their launch. All other plans that accordance with Chapter 7, comply with Finnish laws and regulations include the delivery of company stock in the as well as with our Articles of Association. form of newly issued shares or treasury Section 7 of the Finnish We also comply with the Finnish Corporate shares require shareholder approval at the Securities Markets Act (2012/746, Governance Code, available at time of the delivery of the shares, unless www.cgfinland.fi, with the following exception: as amended) and the Finnish shareholder approval has been granted In 2016, we complied with the Finnish through an authorization to the Board, a Corporate Governance Code Corporate Governance Code, with the maximum of five years earlier. The NYSE 2015 (the “Finnish Corporate exception that we were not in full compliance corporate governance standards require that Governance Code”). with recommendation 24, because our the equity compensation plans be approved restricted share plans did not include by a company’s shareholders. Nokia aims to performance criteria but were time-based minimize the necessity for, or consequences only. The restricted shares vest in three equal of, conflicts between the laws of Finland tranches on the first, second and third and applicable non-domestic corporate anniversary of the award subject to continued governance standards. employment with Nokia. Restricted shares The Board has also adopted corporate were to be granted on a highly limited basis governance guidelines (“Corporate and only in exceptional retention and Governance Guidelines”) to reflect our recruitment circumstances, primarily in the commitment to good corporate governance.