CHEMISTRY International The News Magazine of IUPAC
January-March 2020 Volume 42 No. 1
Elements of Sport: From IYPT2019 to Tokyo2020
Global Women’s Breakfast INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Chemistry International
CHEMISTRY International Subscriptions The News Magazine of the Chemistry International (ISSN 0193-6484) is published 4 times annually in January, April, July, and September International Union of Pure and by De Gruyter, Inc., 121 High St., 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02110 on behalf of IUPAC. The 2020 subscription is USD Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) 74.00 for individuals or USD 116.00 for institutional subscription. Special rates for Print and Print + Online are available for IUPAC Members and Affiliates Members; see https://iupac.org/what-we-do/journals/ All information regarding notes for contributors, chemistry-international/ or https://www.degruyter.com/ci for more information. subscriptions, Access, back volumes and orders is available online at www.degruyter.com/ci ISSN 0193-6484, eISSN 1365-2192 Periodicals postage paid at Durham, NC 27709-9990 and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send Managing Editor: address changes to Chemistry International, IUPAC Secretariat, PO Box 13757, Research Triangle Park, NC Fabienne Meyers 27709-3757, USA. IUPAC, c/o Department of Chemistry Boston University © 2020 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This work is licensed under a Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. 590 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215, USA Cover: In Japan, the 2019 International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements was a well- E-mail: [email protected] followed year-long celebration that culminated with the IYPT global closing ceremony in Tokyo on Phone: +1 617 358 0410 December 5. For the land of the rising sun, which a few years ago was also recognized in element 113, Nh, the celebrations continue this year with the 2020 Summer Olympics. Elements of Sports will Production: Joshua Gannon showcase how science and also new materials are so important to the event. See feature page 5. Cover Design: Stuart Wilson illustration by Hayanon Science Manga Studio. Printed by: Sheridan Communications
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For more info on CI, check www.degruyter.com/ci, or visit www.iupac.org/what-we-do/journals/chemistry-international/ Contents CHEMISTRY International January-March 2020 Volume 42 No. 1 IUPAC
83 (1) 1–252 (2011) Celebrating the President's Column International Year IUPAC of Chemistry 2011 All on the Same Team by Christopher Brett 2 Pure and Applied Chemistry Pure and Features Elements of Sports: From IYPT2019 to Tokyo2020 5 Applied by Miki Hasegawa, Masamichi Yamanaka, Osamu Miyamae and Hayano
Official Journal of the International Union of Anti-doping: Two Scientists’ Points of View 8 Pure and Applied Chemistry 83 Chemistry 1 by David A Cowan and Vincenzo Abbate Vol. 83, No. 1 (January 2011) Pages 1–252 Pure and Applied Chemistry Special Topic Series 12 by Danielle Fauque and James Bull A Global Discourse on the Future of Chemistry The Inaugural IYCN General Assembly by Bailey Mourant, Lori Ferrins, 16 Sophie Carenco, Natalie LaFranzo, and Catherine M. Rawlins SPECIAL TOPIC ISSUE Perspectives and Challenges for the International Year of Chemistry From Young Attendees to Young Actors: The “Young Chemists 20 Symposium” at IUPAC2019 by Sophie Carenco et al. Volume 83, No. 1, January 2011 The IUPAC100 Global Women’s Breakfast: Empowering Women 22 in Chemistry by Mary Garson and Laura McConnell
IUPAC Wire IUPAC recognized by OPCW 26 IUPAC-SOLVAY International Award for Young Chemists— 27 Call for Nominations BIPM and IUPAC formalize a long-standing cooperation 27 Grand Prix de la Fondation de la Maison de la Chimie— 28 Call for Nominations DSM Bright Science Award 2020 in materials sciences— 28 Call for Nominations 2020—International Year of Plant Health 28
Project Place Impact of Objective Analysis of Clinical Trial Failures on 29 Drug Discovery and Development Processes Basic Classification and Definitions of Polymerization Reactions 29 Henry’s Law constants 29 Experimental methods and data evaluation procedures for the 29 determination of radical copolymerization reactivity ratios Enhanced recognition and encoding of stereoconfiguration 30 by InChI tools Nomenclature and associated terminology for inorganic 30 nanoscale particles
Provisional Recommendations 30
Making an ImPACt An inter-comparison of isotopic composition of neon via 31 chemical assays and thermal analyses (IUPAC Technical Report) Definition of the chalcogen bond (IUPAC Recommendations 2019) 31 Critically evaluated propagation rate coefficients for radical 31 polymerizations: acrylates and vinyl acetate in bulk (IUPAC Technical Report) Experiments on adsorption at hydrous metal oxide surfaces 31 using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATRIRS) (IUPAC Technical Report) Chemistry Teacher International, Best Practices 31 in Chemistry Education continued on page 2
page 37 President's Column
communication, the benefit of humankind, can seem All on the simple but can represent huge challenges. The IUPAC mission is being accomplished and will Same Team continue in three essential ways. First, two more tradi- by Christopher Brett tional ways which it has done throughout the past cen- tury, and for which IUPAC is recognised, and which will y the time you read this col- continue to be of critical importance. These are provid- umn, 2019 will have ended, ing a common language for chemistry and advocating Band with it the important and promoting the free exchange of scientific informa- celebrations of IUPAC’s centenary tion. They may be understood by society as technical and the International Year of the but are crucial for the communication of science and Periodic Table of the Chemical for IUPAC to be able to contribute in ways that are un- Elements (IYPT). Both of these have focused on the dis- derstood by all, starting with the chemistry communi- semination of knowledge, creating educational oppor- ties, both academic and industrial. The third way is fos- tunities and information exchange as central ideas for tering sustainable development, an aspect which has IUPAC, as well as on the history of IUPAC since 1919 come to the forefront and which we can expect to grow and the development of the periodic table. However, an in importance in the future as we witness the fruits of ending is also a beginning; a forward-looking perspec- what is happening to the planet and our environment. tive behind the worldwide New Year 2020 celebrations These are three crucial challenges, different fac- at the end of one year and the beginning of the next. ets of which will change over time as will their relative Remember the achievements in order not to forget, to importance. move forward and build on them. We recently held an interesting and informative discussion at the meeting of the IUPAC Bureau, where IUPAC’s future role poses many questions of both break-out groups were asked to say how they think a practical nature as well as a vision. To what extent that IUPAC will look in 5, in 10 or in 50 years time. It should we try to create IUPAC’s role in the future and was a very illuminating exercise, not least because it be ready to collaborate with other international or gave the opportunity to look at a different status quo world organizations in the implementation of society’s starting from zero, in other words how would IUPAC and, in particular the chemical community’s, needs? In look if it were to be founded today as a sustainable what areas, and how, can we best contribute with our organisation in all senses. In these middle to long term expertise and experience in chemistry? visions, the difficulties of transitioning from the current Several years ago, IUPAC council approved a stra- status quo to the new one could be put aside, as well tegic plan that underpins our future development, and as how to put this in place. answers the underlying question “Why IUPAC?” The The main conclusions were: answer starts with a vision which defines our mission, • Given its vision and mission, IUPAC should involve the vision that IUPAC is an indispensable worldwide the whole world. At the present, the majority of resource for chemistry. IUPAC’s mission is that IUPAC stakeholders are from countries which have some provides objective scientific expertise and develops chemical industry, Can we help other countries the essential tools for the application and communica- achieve the sustainability necessary to become tion of chemical knowledge for the benefit of human- members of IUPAC? IUPAC as a world organisa- kind and the world. The words above: expertise, tools, tion should have members from all over the world.
Contents (cont.) Conference Call Spectroscopy and new horizons 34 Solution Chemistry in Action! 35 Flying Chemistry Educator Program in Ulang Bataar, Mongolia 37 Innovative Chemistry for Environmental Enhancement 41 Caribbean Celebrations 44
Where 2b & Y 47
Mark Your Calendar 50
2 Chemistry International January-March 2020 2020-2021 IUPAC Bureau Membership Officers IUPAC, of course, grapples with most of the prac- Prof. Christopher Brett, Portugal President tical challenges faced by all international organi- Prof. Javier García-Martínez, Spain sations that deal with countries where the relative Vice President priorities for the future vary. I am sure that some of Prof. Qi-Feng Zhou, China/Beijing the actions we have started and future discussions Past President will lead to a much wider geographical spread Prof. Richard Hartshorn, New Zealand than we have at the moment. Secretary General • The organizational and administrative structure of Mr. Colin Humphris, United Kingdom IUPAC needs to be ready to adapt to the chang- Treasurer ing landscape in chemistry in academia and indus- Elected Members try, but always being geared towards achieving Prof. Ghada Bassioni, Egypt IUPAC’s strategic goals. Prof. Russell J. Boyd, Canada • The legacy of IUPAC100 and of IYPT must be fruit- Prof. Mei-Hung Chiu, China/Taipei ful. The events of 2019 have been extremely well Prof. Petr Fedotov, Russia received by the chemistry community, the scientif- Prof. Mary Garson, Australia ic community and the public at large. I have seen Prof. Ehud Keinan, Israel USA countless examples at many events throughout Prof. Christopher K. Ober, Prof. Gloria Obuzor, Nigeria the world of young people’s fascination with the Dr. Bipul Behari Saha, India periodic table itself and, clearly, the chemical ele- Prof. Ken Sakai, Japan ments and their uses. This is also reflected in the very large number of participants in the Periodic Division Presidents Table Challenge, over 60 000 from 133 countries, Dr. Tim Wallington, USA Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division at the time of writing. It triggers their imagination, Prof. Lars R. Öhrström, Sweden their interest in the natural world and in science, Inorganic Chemistry Division how the different elements interact with our daily Prof. Nikolay Nifantiev, Russia lives and can be used to improve our quality of life. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Division We must seek to ensure that these sparks become Prof. Christine Luscombe, USA flames for the future. We need the input from the Polymer Division future generations to help us address current and Dr. Zoltán Mester, Canada future challenges in a responsible way, and suc- Analytical Chemistry Division cesses should be built upon. Many celebratory Prof. Hemda Garelick, United Kingdom Chemistry and the Environment Division events have taken place throughout the world and Prof. Rita Cornelis, Belgium have been reported on. Organised by IUPAC di- Chemistry and Human Health Division rectly, the global women’s breakfast which took Prof. Alan Hutton, South Africa place on 12 February 2019 to coincide with the Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation International Day of Women in Science was a tre- mendous success in bringing people together, not Other Standing Committee Chairs Prof. Francesca Kerton, Canada just women, and will be repeated in 2020. CHEMRAWN Committee Prof. Jan Apothker, Netherlands Chemistry has been the motor for and has been Committee on Chemistry Education instrumental in the development of the present-day Dr. Robert Audette world, through new discoveries and inventions an their Committee on Chemistry and Industry innovative application. We need to be aware of all the Prof. Jürgen Stohner, Switzerland contributions of chemistry has made and will make. The Interdivisional Committee on Terminology, future has been highlighted in the top ten new tech- Nomenclature and Symbols Dr. Leah McEwen, USA nologies—featured in Chemistry International in 2019. A Committee on Publications and Cheminformatics further ten new technologies will be featured in 2020. Data Standards Chemistry has a very important role to play in sus- Prof. Pietro Tundo tainable development. Past and current efforts in this Interdivisional Committee on Green Chemistry area, include green chemistry for sustainable devel- for Sustainable Development opment. Its an excellent example of an interdivision- al committee whose role is to coordinate activities in (Executive Committee members are denoted in bold).
Chemistry International January-March 2020 3 President's Column
green chemistry and related areas such as sustainable elements beyond 118. energy in events that can be exemplified by confer- So, we will take steps to increase IUPAC’s role and ences, awards, projects, and summer schools. This ex- visibility, especially in countries and parts of the world emplifies IUPAC’s partners and collaborators including where IUPAC has had less impact in the past, not for- international organisations—such as UNESCO and the getting where the global outreach of IUPAC both to organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons the general scientific ommunityc and for public aware- (OPCW)—and industry. Chemical industry concerns ness is insufficient or too widespread. We must ensure IUPAC in relation to chemical processes, sustainable that the outcome of the IUPAC Centenary celebrations energy, waste and the environment, health and foods, and of IYPT strongly contribute to IUPAC’s legacy and and others. IUPAC will be heavily involved in and con- to IUPAC’s future, through special activities and proj- tribute to reaching the 17 UN Sustainable Development ects and new internal and dissemination initiatives. We Goals of Agenda 2030. must do this respecting our core values of advancing IUPAC is the proud recipient of one of the three chemistry through excellence, collaboration, diversity Hague medals in 2019, attributed by OPCW to recog- and inclusiveness, amongst others. nise the important collaboration between the two or- We need to contribute to chemistry worldwide and ganisations over the last two decades in advocating the to a better recognition of chemistry as an important con- peaceful uses of chemistry and developing and promot- tributor to solving the challenges that the world faces. ing the Hague Ethical Guidelines. Additionally, providing It is clear to me that this is what all the thousands information to them on scientific and technological ad- of volunteers who have contributed and are continu- vances and providing tools and materials for education ing to contribute to IUPAC’s work want, because we and outreach. We seek to deepen the collaboration as believe that we can do something worthwhile for the we also do with other international organisations. chemistry community. Healthy discussion and debate IUPAC will continue to work to ensure that chemi- of ideas between the best worldwide experts leads cal information can be distributed and understood in a us to the best solutions. We are all on the same team, digital world, with initiatives such as InChI, which has from academia and industry, from young observers to featured as one of the important achievements de- the less young of us. We want to help the chemical scribed in the IUPAC web stories created on the occa- industry in the quest for sustainable development not sion of the centenary. These stories cover a wide range just for now but for ten, twenty and more years ahead. of IUPAC activities and point to the future. It also in- Can we rise to all these challenges? I believe we can volves CODATA, the Committee on Data of the Interna- and can make our future vision of IUPAC come true in tional Science Council (ISC). CODATA promotes global a dynamic way. collaboration to advance Open Science and to improve Finally, as we begin a new biennium, I would like to the availability and usability of data for all areas of re- thank you all for your dedication, in our quest to imple- search, clearly in line with IUPAC’s future objectives in ment IUPAC’s vision now and in the future. this area. This is just one example of our interaction with the ISC. In the era of big data, issues include cap- Christopher Brett
4 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Elements of Sports: From IYPT 2019 to Tokyo 20201 by Miki Hasegawa, Masamichi Yamanaka, Osamu Miyamae and Hayanon Science Manga Studio1 ports, one of the sym- bols of the global Shuman culture and a unit of peaceful society, excite both competitors and audiences. During the game and even practice, athletes concentrate to choose not only a comfortable design but also high-performing materials of their shoes, rackets, uniforms, etc. Under the high demand of ath- letes, sports materials are evolving with the support of new chemical reactions and Illustration by Hayanon Science Manga Studio coordination chemistry. Here, we exhibit the role of ele- shown tables on the website.2 Then, we found that iron ments in sports. The International Year of the Periodic is one of the key elements in sports. Iron is one of the Table (IYPT) will bring chemistry into the future as The more abundant elements in the Earth’s crust (4th; 5 % Olympic & Paralympic Games in Tokyo in 2020. of the crust). On the athletic fi eld, athletes wear spikes in their shoes to run and turn with surety. These small “Ironmen” is an expression for strong athletes that spikes are made with iron, as well the starting-blocks originates in the tough image of iron (26Fe). We can that help sprinters launch themselves at the beginning easily fi nd many places and parts at the sports stadium of a race. The cannonball used in the shot put and the forged from iron. The majority of these materials com- disc in the discus throw are also mainly made with iron. bine iron with other elements to form alloys used for The Olympic & Paralympic Games have a long history their fl exibility or prevention of oxidation. The shotput, as well as the iron which is one of the most traditional fencing sword and barbell are exceptions, being made and historical materials to make shaped materials on from neat iron. In the past, many sports used neat iron demand. In fencing, iron is used for the supple swords as a tough metal, for applications such, the shaft of a and the stiff , protective masks. In gymnastics, par- golf club, or the frame of a bicycle or wheelchair. In allel bars and iron bars are made of iron, the former recent decades, alloys of iron and aluminum (13Al), tita- contains GFRP (glass fi ber reinforced plastics) as well. nium (22Ti) or magnesium (12Mg) with CFRP (Carbon Fi- Similarly, the shooting guns and bullets contain iron. ber Reinforced Plastic) were developed for increasing Finally, the stadium structures, the trains, and the au- performance and high scores in games. Here, we would tomobiles are built by using metals beams and other like to enjoy the world of elements in sports. parts that make use of iron and other elements such as
nickel (28Ni), titanium, and others. No Iron, no games Before starting to write, we checked and sum- Carbon is everywhere marized materials which strongly support athletes as In sports, clothing has several roles, such as
1. This feature is the last one in a special collection published under the title of Elements of X, published in Chem Int Oct 2019. The chemical elements tiles (page 7) illustrating this feature are part of the IYPT Timeline of Elements project https://uwaterloo.ca/chemistry/timeline-elements-image-gallery 2. See supplementary materials at degruyter.com/ci or directly from https://doi.org/10.1515/ci-2020-0102
Chemistry International January-March 2020 5 ElementsHed of Sports: From IYPT 2019 to Tokyo 2020
identifying teammates, encouraging athletes, recog- nizing countries/regions, and ensuring participant safety. These clothes diff er for each athlete with vari- ous raw materials, such as cotton, silk, polyester, poly- urethane, and nylon, which are all mainly based on
carbon (6C) and hydrogen (1H). These materials can be easily dyed with the colors of a team. Like bamboo trees, polymer materials provide strength and elasticity for athlete’s protection. Be- cause of its high transparency, polycarbonate is used for swimming-goggles and the back-board behind the basketball hoop. Additionally, it’s more impact resis- tant and lighter than the silicon oxide-glass materi- als usually used. In Japan, the Shinkansen’s windows are also made with polycarbonate. Kevlar is a hydro- Luminescent stamps of Olympic & Paralympic Games for Tokyo gen bonds polymer and known as a highly resistant 2020 (left) and red-barcode for transportation from Japan material with good elasticity properties. Therefore, Post (right) under ambient (top) and UV (bottom) light. this polymer is employed for the string of an archer’s
bow, fencing lamés, hockey sticks or sail boat rudders. elements. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP, 14Si,
CFRPs are known for having more elasticity behavior 16O) are often mixed with CFRP and used in ship bodies than previously described polymers. They are applied or high jump sticks for their high rigidity. to bows and arrow of archers, rackets for badminton Finally, carbon compounds can be used as an arti- and tennis, and shafts for golf or hockey. Additionally, fi cial coating for footballs, baseballs, volleyballs, bas- this unique property is suitable for the frame of wheel- ketballs, foot-covers in rhythmic gymnastics, and oth- chairs and bicycles or the hulls of canoes, sailboats, er small sports equipment. These artifi cial coatings are or other competitive boats when combined with other developed by polymer science using hydrocarbons.
Function Diversity for Results on Athletes The excitement of sports events universally make us happy. This has been supported by advanced mate- rials for safety, effi ciency, and comfort of players. Here,
we focus on two elements, silicon (14Si) and sulfur (16S) in some of the latest advanced materials in sports. Silicon, the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust after oxygen, constitutes rocks as sili- cates and silicon dioxide. On one hand, amorphous silicon is widely used in semiconductor devices such as thin-fi lm transistors (TFT) and solar cells. On the other hand, an organized compound in which an or- ganic group is bonded to the main skeleton formed by a siloxane alternatively composed of silicon and oxygen is referred to as silicone. The physical proper- ties of silicone can be freely controlled, from oil state to rubber state, depending on changes in the chain length of the siloxane bond. As a result, silicone is used in a wide range of fi elds including construction, electronics, and medicine. The silicone is cross-linked with an appropriate amount of silane or other reagents to form a silicone gel. Taica Corporation leads the world in the fi eld of Energy absorber gel, αGEL. Photos show a raw egg having silicone gel and has released various products under no crack after falling from 18 m. the trade name of αGEL. In particular, as a vibration
6 Chemistry International January-March 2020 isolation insulator, it is used in vari- ous situations that are not direct- ly visible. A layer of shock absorbent αGEL only 2 cm thin can accept raw eggs dropped from a height of 18 m without cracking. This property of shock absorben- cy is used as a shock absorber in the sole of running shoes. While running, the runner is subject to organic to an impact of three times the runner’s weight. The fluorophore. αGEL absorbs the energy at the time of the ground While we sure- collision to buffer the impact. Furthermore, the run- ly found another ning speed is maintained by providing an appropriate lanthanide on our modulus of resilience. αGELs are also used in mats for mail, it is europium bouldering, which is one of the new sports adopted (63Eu) as a red-barcode under UV light for the for the Olympic & Paralympic Games 2020 in Tokyo. smooth operation of Japan Post. The lumines- The impact absorbency properties of the αGEL allow cence of this element is assigned to ff-transition a thinner mat while reducing the impact on the body localized on the inner core electronic transition of of the climber by about 41 % compared to conventional europium. The luminescence is accelerated by UV irra- urethane mats. diation and known as a security ink for counterfeit pre- Sulfur is naturally present in sulfide and sulfate vention. It is not only used for beautiful design but also minerals. Sulfur is found in the amino acids cysteine for high security. Rare earth elements were recently and methionine and plays an important role in the for- found in the Tokyo deep sea and we hope that some of mation of higher-order structures and functions in liv- the elements obtained from the Tokyo sea will become ing organisms. In Japanese culture, some popular and functional materials relating to Olympic & Paralympic famous hot springs are known as sulfur springs and Games in 2020 as a “Made in Tokyo” material. contain sulfur compounds good for the skin and the body. Sulfur plays an important role in the production Elements always support sports and athletes of rubber products. There are two types of rubber: the The Olympics represent our ability to come togeth- natural rubber which is harvested from the rubber tree er peacefully to enjoy sports. Every athlete has a target and the synthetic rubber which is synthesized by po- to win a gold (79Au) medal. Each event has its history, lymerization of monomers such as isoprene and bu- but each generation needs advanced materials in the tadiene. Sulfur vulcanization is an important process combination of suitable elements. Every four-years to convert natural and synthetic rubbers into materials the Olympic & Paralympic Games show distinguished of a variety of hardness and elasticity. Many of these players/athletes, and the important role of elements in rubbers are used in automobile tires and tubes. In the sports. We are looking forward to watching the games field of sports, rubbers are used as a surface on a ta- and to seeing developments using essential elements. ble tennis racket. The surface rubber is very important Anyway, there is not enough space to describe all of for players to demonstrate their skill. Top athletes can the elements in the Periodic Table in sports. We can perceive the subtle changes in the rubber’s coefficient only wonder what sorts of elements will be used in fu- of restitution. The makers provide rubbers required by ture games! athletes through rubber compounding technology. Miki Hasegawa
(65Tb), doesn’t it? But it is not Tb, since the spectral Manga Studio
Chemistry International January-March 2020 7 Anti-doping: Two Scientists’ Points of View
by David A Cowan and Vincenzo Abbate
s we get close to the start of the Olympic and Paralympic AGames taking place next summer in Tokyo, Japan, athletes are preparing for selection by their host nation. This preparation, like most activities, is governed by the rules of sport. One of the most important rules relates to doping, a practice that is prohibited.
Olympic sports follow the anti-doping rules of the evading their detection during routine drug testing. All World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) who publish a substances in the classes just described are banned at Prohibited List annually [1]. The list for the Games has all times, i.e. both in- and out-of-competition. just been approved by the WADA Executive and came Generally, it is the mere presence of a Prohibited into eff ect on 1 January 2020. This year’s Prohibited Substance that provides prima facie evidence of a con- List is very similar to that of 2019, although interest- travention of the rules. For some substances, however, ingly the use of argon, thought to stimulate red cell there may be a threshold above which their concen- production, is no longer prohibited. The format of the trations in urine must be exceeded before the WADA Prohibited List is to diff erentiate substances that are accredited laboratories that test the samples will report banned at any time, such as the anabolic steroids, from a so-called “Adverse Analytical Finding” (AAF). For ex- those that are banned only at competition time such ample, the beta-2 agonist salbutamol is prohibited if as stimulants. Interestingly, the WADA Code [2] de- the concentration in urine exceeds 1000 ng/mL. The fi nes competition time for the purposes of the rules laboratory will apply a WADA specifi ed measurement as “in-competition,” which is “the period commencing uncertainty of 200 ng/mL and will not report an AAF twelve hours before a Competition in which the Ath- for salbutamol unless the concentration exceeds 1200 lete is scheduled to participate through the end of ng/mL. The laboratory will ensure that its analytical such Competition and the Sample collection process method has a measurement uncertainty that is less related to such Competition.” than the WADA specifi ed value, which is considered to Although it is, of course, the administration of par- be the maximum tolerated value. The laboratory perfor- ticular chemicals or drugs that is banned, the rules mance, assuring that the laboratory meets the WADA classify these according to pharmacological groups, uncertainty requirements [3], is evaluated via external that is, according to the eff ect of the drug on the hu- quality assurance schemes (EQAS) organised at least man body. These classes include: “anabolic agents,” i.e. three times a year by WADA. In addition, WADA sub- anabolic/androgenic steroids as well as certain other mits double-blind samples through national anti-dop- substances with anabolic activity such as clenbuterol ing organisations and sample collection agencies. Even and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs); false negative results will render the laboratory liable the class called “peptide hormones, growth factors, re- to an inspection by WADA and possible suspension or lated substances, and mimetics,” comprises substances even revocation of its accreditation. Even before gain- such as erythropoietin (EPO) and other agents that af- ing WADA accreditation, the laboratory is required to fect erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation); the next be accredited to ISO 17025 as a testing laboratory, gen- class is “beta-2 agonists” which are used medically to erally with a fl exible scope of accreditation, covering treat exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asth- all the classes of prohibited substances required by ma, but there are some exceptions to this prohibition WADA from time to time. Getting a fl exible scope of dealt with later; “hormone and metabolic modulators” accreditation is particularly diffi cult for a new labora- including insulins and meldonium, the drug that Maria tory since most accrediting bodies, such as the United Sharapova was accused of misusing; and “diuretics and Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS), will require the masking agents,” that is, substances taken to reduce laboratory fi rst to show its competence in dealing with the appearance of a banned substance in urine thereby named substances. Only after satisfactory performance
8 Chemistry International January-March 2020 of getting extensions to scope to include additional Documents [3] a set of criteria based on the concen- named substances, often taking several years, is fl ex- trations of the two analytes adjusted for the specifi c ible scope likely to be granted. The need for fl exible gravity of the sample, if greater than 1.018, and the ratio scope is in order to be able to deal with new “designer” of the two, to be considered before reporting an AAF. drugs which are banned by WADA under its classifi ca- With the exception of the narcotics, the Prohibit- tion category S0 of “Non-Approved Substances,” which ed List, despite its name, is simply a list of examples is defi ned as “Any pharmacological substance which is of substances that are controlled. Under many of the not addressed by any of the subsequent sections of the headers, the words “including but not limited to” or List and with no current approval by any governmental sometimes “and other substances with similar chem- regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use ical structure or similar biological eff ect(s), are pro- (e.g. drugs under pre-clinical or clinical development hibited.” The idea is to limit the possibility of designer or discontinued, designer drugs, substances approved drug circumventing the regulations. only for veterinary use) is prohibited at all times”. By now the reader might appreciate that the ana- The next group of categories comprise Prohib- lytical laboratory needs to be able to deal with a wide ited Methods. These include: manipulation of blood range of drugs from relatively small volatile basic com- and blood components (this category includes blood pounds like methylhexanamine, also known as DMAA, transfusion including one’s own blood); chemical and and amfetamine, more polar compounds like testoster- physical manipulation; gene and cell doping. one glucuronide, through to large molecules like hu- As mentioned earlier, stimulants are prohibited man growth hormone and erythropoietin (EPO) as well in-competition only, as are narcotics (but only speci- as erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Of course, with such fi ed narcotics such as morphine), cannabinoids (but a wide range of chemistries, no one analytical meth- not cannabidiol), glucocorticoids and beta-blockers in od is suitable. Furthermore, the concentration of the some sports only. Interestingly, morphine is banned but analytes that need to be monitored varies widely. An codeine is a permitted substance. This means that since EPO isoform may be present at less than 100 attomo- morphine is a metabolite of codeine as well as a drug lar on an isoelectric focussing gel, procollagen III ami- in its own right, laboratories have to attempt to distin- no terminal propeptide (P-III-NP, which is a biomarker guish the presence of morphine arising from morphine used to evidence growth hormone administration) at administration from that coming from codeine. To as- around 25 pM, right up to pseudoephedrine that has sist this process, WADA includes in one of its Technical a reporting threshold of 150 µg/mL or around 1 mM.
millimolar Analysis
LC-(HR) MS/MS
WADA Concentrations
pH
attomolar Size & complexity
Graph illustrating the many factors that need be considered by the anti-doping laboratory
Chemistry International January-March 2020 9 Anti-doping: Two Scientists’ Points of View
Thus, the concentration range encountered in human substances that are chemically identical or virtually sports doping analysis is around 1013 orders of magni- identical to the endogenous hormone that are admin- tude. WADA sets minimum required performance lim- istered against the rules, are only poorly measured its (MRPL) [4] that means that laboratories need to be against the population reference intervals. In order able to detect the different prohibited substances at, to improve the sensitivity of detection of these pseu- and generally have to show that their limits of detec- do-endogenous compounds, WADA requires the use tion are less than 50 % of, the relevant MRPL in the rele- of carbon-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (C-IRMS) vant matrix of urine and/or blood by spiking a suitable or the athlete biological passport (ABP) depending on number of blank matrix samples. Furthermore, they the compound. Although C-IRMS is useful to prove a need to implement confirmation procedures that meet different isotope signature of the administered steroid, the WADA standards with similar sensitivities to that of e.g. testosterone, from that produced endogenously, the initial testing (or screening) procedure. sources of testosterone are available with isotope sig- The analytical techniques used include a number natures very similar to that of most athletes. The ABP of specific measurements such as simple pH measure- is now widely used to monitor whole blood using cell ment with a glass electrode, specific gravity inferred cytometers to measure haematocrit, haemoglobin, re- from a refractometer and human chorionic gonadotro- ticulocytes and several other blood variables, which phin (the hormone often used as a pregnancy test for are then entered onto a WADA database known as the females but used by males to stimulate testosterone Anti-Doping Administration and Management System production) by immunoassay. or simply ADAMS, which is also used to record athlete Gas chromatography- (GC-) coupled mass spec- whereabouts to facilitate nil-notice sample collection. trometry (MS) has been the cornerstone of screening Using the ABP system, the athlete is measured against samples and especially effective for the anabolic ste- themself rather than against the population, making roids. In more recent years, the use of tandem MS typ- any change to the athlete’s profile more readily seen. ically with triple quadrupole instruments has replaced Then an expert group of three haematologists inde- the single quadrupole in anti-doping laboratories. Liq- pendently review the data and if all three conclude uid chromatography (LC) coupled MS/MS or LC-high that there has been a doping violation rather than a resolution accurate mass MS (HRMS) is now being used medical disorder or physiological abnormality, this is widely and is probably the major analytical technique in put forward for possible disciplinary action. use for a variety of analytes covering wide concentra- Although an AAF is evidence that an offence has tion and mass ranges. Dilute and inject techniques are been committed, because the WADA Code allows miti- also gaining in popularity particularly as manufacturers gation if the athlete can prove no intent, many cases fo- improve the sensitivity of their instruments. Electro- cus on claims that a drink had been spiked or a contam- spray ionisation (ESI) is the main ionisation technique inated supplement had been taken. This requires the for LC-MS and nano- or preferably micro-spray, because toxicologists involved in case review to consider some- of its greater reliability and ease of use, are becoming times very limited data in order to assist the disciplinary more routine. The latest research is looking into the panel hearing the case. Sometimes the defence claim routine use of supercritical fluid chromatography mass is rather predictable such as the AAF for the cannabis spectrometry giving a good degree of orthogonality in metabolite carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol. The athlete terms of retention time compared with reversed-phase claims that he was in Amsterdam, where cannabis may LC. For peptide/protein hormones, such as insulin and be widely available, went out drinking and came back insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), LC-MS/MS is em- to where he was staying, felt hungry and saw some ployed making use of the multiple charges obtained in cakes on the table that he then ate. He discovered the ESI for the intact hormone. Trypsin digestion of IGF-I next day that these cakes contained cannabis; this hav- and also P-III-NP is being used for the quantification ing occurred two weeks before the urine sample that of these hormones too, gradually replacing commercial gave the AAF was collected. Or the cocaine defence immunoassays that may change from time to time be- where the athlete claimed that he was counting bank cause of manufacturers changing their products, which notes and licking his fingers and bites his nails and this affects the traceability of the measurement needed by was the source of the cocaine that resulted in an AAF the WADA accredited laboratory. for the cocaine metabolite benzoylecgonine. Although many of the quantitative assays are for Another possible complication is the Therapeutic foreign substances with thresholds set by WADA, Use Exemption (TUE) certification allowed by WADA. some of the pseudo-endogenous substances, that is This allows the athlete needing medication that would
10 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Anti-doping: Two Scientists’ Points of View otherwise contravene the rules to get approval for the of these NSPs and developing and validating robust use of one or more medications. Thus, although the analytical procedures for their detection and identifi- laboratory may report an AAF, a TUE may be present cation represent an ongoing challenge for the forensic meaning that there may be no case to answer. Howev- laboratories. People may think that the scientists lag er, the laboratory or toxicologist may be asked wheth- behind the dopers. In fact, WADA has an early warn- er the laboratory findings are consistent with the terms ing system regarding the potential misuse of phar- of the TUE or whether the athlete has taken more than maceuticals even before they reach the market. It has they should have or taken additional substances that agreements since 2011 with many of the major pharma- are prohibited. ceutical companies including GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer The last decade has seen the emergence of a new and Roche, as well as the International Federation of recreational drug phenomenon whereby hundreds of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations and, new psychoactive substances (NPS) has been synthe- in September this year, the Japanese Pharmaceutical sized and widely distributed either on the dark web, or, Company Kyowa Kirin too. depending on the individual country legislation, even in The future is exciting with many new challenges head-shops or petrol station (thus also referred to as “le- facing the scientist working in this area but, as histo- gal highs”) [5] . More than 730 new chemical analogues ry has shown, they will continue to make an impact in have been reported to the European Monitoring Centre helping to deter drug misuse in sport. for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) by the end of 2018 [6]. These small molecule drugs may be classified References: according to several clusters, the most reliable one being 1. WADA International Standard, 2020 Prohibited probably their pharmacological action, such as (sub-) List, https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/ receptor binding and main pharmaco-toxicological ef- wada_2020_english_prohibited_list.pdf, last accessed 1 fects commonly observed amongst users. The main NPS October 2019. 2. WADA Code, https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/ subclasses include stimulants, synthetic cannabinoids, files/resources/files/2021_code.pdf, last accessed 24 designer hallucinogens, designer benzodiazepines and December 2019. synthetic opioids. A large number of fatal or non-fatal 3. WADA Technical Document, Decision Limits for the intoxications are attributed to these substances every Confirmatory Quantification of Threshold Substances, year, posing a major challenge for clinical and forensic https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/ toxicologists, policy makers, and public authorities alike. resources/files/td2019dl_v2_finalb.pdf, last accessed 1 The link between such NPS and drugs in sports may October 2019. seem tenuous, however drug testing laboratories should 4. WADA Technical Document – Minimum Required implement screening and confirmatory assays to cover Performance Levels, https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/ NPS, many of which are covered by WADA regulations. default/files/resources/files/td2019mrpl_eng.pdf, last A parallel and recent wave of new synthetic sub- accessed 1 October 2019. 5. V. Abbate, M. Schwenk, C. Presley Brandon, N. stances with a high potential for misuse in sport has Uchiyama. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 90(8), pp. however appeared recently that involves a number of 1255-1282 (2018) synthetic peptide hormones, such that the established 6. EMCDDA. European Drug Report 2019, http://www. acronym NPS typically used for small molecules could emcdda.europa.eu/edr2019_en, last accessed be translated for such new peptide-based substances 1 October 2019. to NSP (New Synthetic Peptides). These compounds belong to various analogues of endogenously pro- David Cowan is Emeritus Professor in Pharmaceutical Toxicology at King's duced peptide hormones, such as IGF-I, insulin, and College London. He is the former director of the WADA accredited labora- growth-hormone releasing hormones (GHRHs). The tory in London and directed the laboratory for the Olympic and Paralympic chemical design is centred on structural modifications Games in 2012. Amongst his many awards he was recently recognised by such that a) the bioavailability is increased via e.g. half- the United States Anti-Doping Agency as the 4th recipient of the Larry life extension due to the introduction of d-amino acid D Bowers Award for Excellence in Anti-Doping Science. Vincenzo Abbate residues and/or chemically modified amino acids to re-
Chemistry International January-March 2020 11 Pure and Applied Chemistry Special Topic Series
Danielle Fauque and James Bull on the special issues of PAC from 1996 to 2012
n 1999, James Bull was invited to become editor for conferences sponsored by the Union, and soon be- the scientific journal of IUPAC, Pure and Applied came the predominant component of PAC coverage. IChemistry (PAC) and specifically for Special Topics, a series originally conceived as a way of promoting DF: During the 90s, IUPAC was actively engaged in IUPAC engagement with topics of social relevance. strategic planning and you received an invitation in As editor of the series and later of PAC, James Bull 1998 to undertake a special project for PAC. Remind worked to raise the level of awareness of the issues us about the circumstances and purpose of this un- and in turn draw attention to the work of the Union. In dertaking. the course of my own research on the history of IUPAC, I, Danielle Fauque, was intrigued by the series, which JB: The subject came up during a 1998 visit to South was published between 1996 and 2012 [1]. It became Africa by IUPAC President Joshua Jortner and Secre- the subject of several lengthy electronic exchanges tary General Edwin D. (Ted) Becker. At the time, I had with James Bull. The interest of the exchanges was so recently retired from active work on IUPAC Commis- evident that a publication in CI seemed appropriate. sions and from 20 years as editor of the South Africa Journal of Chemistry, so the challenge to broaden the Danielle Fauque (DF): James, in order to provide con- scope of PAC publication coverage was timely. Accord- text for discussing our subject of the Special Topic ingly, I commenced as editor for Special Topics in 1999, project, can you briefly outline the origins and earlier with a mandate to facilitate projects already in progress history of PAC? and the freedom to interpret the concept as I chose, in consultation with Union colleagues and Divisional rep- James Bull (JB): Pure and Applied Chemistry was resentatives. New and emerging frontiers of chemical launched in 1960 as the official publication of IUPAC, sciences and interdisciplinary interfaces were recog- primarily to improve readership access to Reports and nized as appropriate target areas, particularly those on Recommendations arising from the work of IUPAC the fringe of or beyond the scope of publication outputs bodies. The foreword and introductory paper of the from established conference series at that time. In that first issue [2], provide some insight into the founding respect, Special Topics were intended to extend rather policy, and included qualified provision for selected than change the distinctive publication ethos of PAC. publication coverage of “reports of meetings and symposia.” This feature grew rapidly into a popular DF: Can you explain how the Special Topics project and eventually obligatory outlet for works based upon was expected to enhance the stature of PAC? main lectures of a growing number of international JB: During the formative years of PAC coverage of con- ference proceedings, editorial initiative and oversight were secondary to capturing a representative record of the main scientific proceedings of such events. In fact, IUPAC sponsorship became conditional upon an expectation that plenary presenters would offer man- uscripts, subject only to editorial oversight by confer- ence organizers, rather than conventional peer review and meaningful editorial intervention. By the 90s, global growth of the international con- ference circuit also saw growing reluctance by promi- nent presenters to comply with PAC publication com- mitments as a condition of accepting invitations to IUPAC sponsored events. PAC publication schedules also deteriorated, and I had the impression that the Special Topics project was a first attempt to reinvig- James Bull (left) with IUPAC Treasurer Christoph Buxtorf orate the journal with fresh perspectives on new and and his wife, cheering for the health of PAC at the IUPAC emerging areas of chemical sciences. General Assembly in Torino, Italy in August 2007. A guiding prerequisite that evolved was to
12 Chemistry International January-March 2020 concentrate on themed collections of short critical re-
views rather than disclosure of hitherto unpublishedChemistry Applied and Pure IUPAC 72 (1–2) 1–XXX (2000) Official Journal of the Pureresults. and Early Applied attempts to augment such collections of International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Chemistryworks with stand-alone feature articles, by invitation to IUPAC individual international authorities, were less success- ful. A vitally important condition from the outset was to subject all such works to conventional peer review by at least two independent and anonymous subject Pure and experts. In practice, would-be authors were also invit- ed to nominate preferred reviewers [3]. Applied DF: Was the decision to explore the Special Topics concept influenced by earlier IUPAC efforts to address72 Chemistry 1–2
societal issues relating to chemistry through publica- Special Topic Issue on the Theme of Nanostructured Systems Vol.72, Nos.(Jan.–Feb. 1–2Pages 2000) 1–XXX tion projects?
JB: The idea of ‘Special Topics’ may well have been in- spired by publication of a so-called White Book on Chlorine in 1996 [4], as well as invited collections of works on ‘Environmental Oestrogens’ (1998) [5] and ‘Oil Spill Countermeasures’ (1999) [6] that preceded formal adoption of the concept. These projects arose from initiatives within IUPAC structures to generate single-issue PAC collections, and were indeed motivat- ed by societal relevance and public interest. Although these factors were not emphasized as prerequisites ISSN 0033-4545 Volume 72, Nos. 1–2, January–February 2000 in the formalized project, they naturally emerged as a welcome feature of many of the Special Topics collec- PAC0001_cover_2.p65 1 04/06/2000, 1:46 PM tions that were subsequently undertaken. international essay competition hosted by IUPAC [11]. Notably, the authors participated enthusiastically, and DF: Did formal inauguration of the Special Topics proj- several works have since attracted exceptional citation ect meet expectations? records. This Special Topic series marked the passage of 2011 with a very fine celebratory compilation enti- JB: At the outset, collected works arising from ad hoc tled ‘Perspectives and Challenges for the Internation- projects and workshops provided auspicious begin- al Year of Chemistry’, in which no less than 17 of the nings, since “Nanostructured Materials” [7] and “Green 37 prize-winners of preceding years participated [12]. Chemistry” [8] were very well supported by manu- Within a year, this collection showed early evidence of scripts from numbers of leading authorities. Both col- topicality and the promise of significant citation po- lections were published during 2000, and remained tential. In summary, the Young Chemists series turned amongst citation frontrunners for this volume over out to be a perfect vehicle for recognising and promot- several years thereafter. The themes were revisited in ing younger talent, and has also demonstrated how ci- Special Topic sequels, and Green Chemistry was ad- tation records furnish essential aids to quality control opted as a regular IUPAC-sponsored conference se- and project prioritization. ries, starting in 2006. Homage is due to the memory of In summary, the Special Topics concept was hand- Kenneth Seddon, whose prophetic paper ‘Ionic liquids, somely vindicated in practice, and the early successes Green solvents for the future’ [9[ in the 2000 collec- played a decisive role in shaping and refining ensuing tion accumulated an unchallenged record of 838 cita- strategic changes in overall PAC publication policy and tions by April 2011 [10]. practice. The Special Topic approach was also adopted in 2002 to launch Young Chemists’ Prize Collections, a DF: Tell us more about this strategic change in publica- feature that became a particularly rewarding (and en- tion policy, and how it was managed. during) annual series of invited works by winners of an
Chemistry International January-March 2020 13 Pure and Applied Chemistry Special Topic Series
JB: The Special Topics project continued its ear- implicit feature of the policy was to ensure thematic ly progress with a number of specialized topics, but coherence in each issue by publishing discrete collec- longer term exploration of future themes was paused tions of such works and giving particular prominence after a Conference Policy Development Committee to Special Topics content. was launched during the Brisbane General Assembly in 2001 [13]. This group met in London during 2002 DF: How did these plans work out in practice, and how and resolved to adopt a new editorial strategy for PAC. were the outcomes evaluated? I was appointed as Scientific Editor in 2003, with re- sponsibility for all content other than Reports and Rec- JB: These new policies and practices were implement- ommendations. ed with effect from 2003, and online submission, peer Although the concept of Special Topics was re- review and revision, and management of manuscripts tained, a larger issue that emerged was to apply were phased in during the following two years. An in- self-consistent criteria to all Conference and Special ternational panel of willing and reputable reviewers was Topic content of PAC, specifically to ensure uniform built up over time, and was complemented by author standards of conventional peer review and scientifi- nominations. The design and implementation of a PAC cally rigorous editorial oversight of content through- website made important progress toward the ideal of out. The ensuing scope for Special Topic potential was offering a navigable and interactive open-access sys- broadened to include occasional in-depth coverage of tem, and an Editorial Advisory Board was revived as selected mainstream and regular IUPAC sponsored se- a necessary interface with Divisional structures of the ries as well as deliberately selected one-off projects. Union. Over the ensuing years to 2012, Conference and The vision was to enhance the reputation of PAC as a Special Topic projects occupied about 80 % of PAC distinctive multidisciplinary journal devoted to all as- pages and generated more than 90 % of all citations. pects of pure and applied chemistry, and its implemen- Established Conference series became natural candi- tation was based upon traditional invitations to main dates for occasional Special Topic status, and many fa- lecturers at international IUPAC sponsored events as miliar topics such as Organometallics directed towards well as selected interest groups, to submit short critical Organic Synthesis, Novel Aromatic Compounds, Physi- reviews based upon their areas of specialization. An cal-Organic Chemistry, and Natural Products and Biodi- versity, enjoyed high levels of support from prominent
IUPAC authorship and dominated the annual citation tallies. 75 (2) 141–419 (2003) Official Journal of the International Union of IUPAC Pure and Applied Chemistry DF: Do you have any concluding thoughts on what was
Pure and Applied Chemistry achieved during your editorial years?
Pure and JB: Of course, there were occasional shortcomings and disappointments, and PAC could not aspire to rep- Applied resent all the disciplines within the IUPAC Conference calendar equitably or to maintain consistently high standards in all projects, but core coverage displayed 75 Chemistry steady improvements in bibliometric data throughout 2 this period. Although such data are obviously not the Vol. 75, No. 2 (February 2003) Pages 2 (February 141–419 No. 75, Vol. Special Topic Issue on the Theme of Natural Products only criteria of success, their absence would surely have denoted failure and/or irrelevance. Many proj- ects enjoyed enthusiastic support from project orga- nizers and authors, and expedited online publication of papers prior to print was widely appreciated. The open-access online resource was implemented with a minimal non-subscriber embargo for conference works, and was of incalculable reputational worth to the Union at the time. A detailed account of the period from 1999 to Volume 75, No. 2, February 2003 2012 is captured in my annual reports submitted to Special Topic Issue the Committee for Printed and Electronic Publications
14 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Fauque and Bull on the special issues of PAC from 1996 to 2012
IUPAC Bull, “Preface”, PAC (2000), vol.72, n° 7, p.ii. 83 (1) 1–252 (2011) Celebrating the International Year 2. H.W. Thompson, “Foreword”, PAC (1960), vol. 1, n° 1, IUPAC of Chemistry 2011 p. 3-4. http://publications.iupac.org/pac/pdf/1960/ pdf/0101x0003.pdf Pure and Applied Chemistry 3. J.R. Bull, “Pure and Applied Chemistry: The Special Topics Project”, CI (2000), vol. 22, n° 4, p.105-107. Pure and https://publications.iupac.org/publications/ci/2000/ july/special_topics_project.html. J. R. Bull, “The Special Applied Topics Project”, Chem Int. (2002), vol. 24, n° 5, p. 7. 4. R.-P. Martin & G.J. Martens (eds), “IUPAC White Official Journal of the International Union of Book on Chlorine”, PAC (1996), vol. 68, n° 9. http:// Pure and Applied Chemistry 83 Chemistry Srivatsan, S. G, 213 1 publications.iupac.org/pac/68/9/index.html 5. R.-P. Martin, J. Miyamoto, C.G. Wermouth and Vol. 83, No. 1 (January 2011) Pages 1–252 A.N. Wright (eds), “Natural and Anthropogenic Environmental Œstrogens: the Scientific Basis for Risk Assesment”, PAC (1998), vol. 70, n° 9. http:// publications.iupac.org/pac/70/9/index.html 6. F.R. Engelhardt (ed.), “Oil Spill Countermeasures Technologies and Response Methods”, PAC (1999), vol. 71, n° 1. http://publications.iupac.org/pac/71/1/index.html
SPECIAL TOPIC ISSUE 7. M. A. El-Sayed (ed.), Special Topic Issue on the Theme Perspectives and Challenges for the International Year of Chemistry of Nanostructured Systems, PAC (2000), vol. 72, n° 1-2. http://publications.iupac.org/pac/72/1/index.html 8. P. Tundo (ed), Special Topic Issue on Green Chemistry, Volume 83, No. 1, January 2011 PAC (2000), vol. 72, n° 7. http://publications.iupac.org/ pac/72/7/index.html. See also the Japanese translation: “Green Chemistry-the Japanese translation of the (CPEP) to 2013, accompanied from 2004 by citation special topic issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry (Vol. surveys [14]. These documents were also routinely 72, n° 7, 2000)” in CI (2002), vol. 24, n° 3, p. 20-21. issued to serving members of the Editorial Advisory 9. M.J. Earle and K.R. Seddon, “Ionic liquids. Green Board (EAB). The more racy features include serial- solvents for the future”, PAC (2000), vol. 72, n° 7, ized accounts of trials and triumphs in pursuit and ex- p. 1391-1398. http://publications.iupac.org/pac/ ecution of each PAC project, and candid evaluation of pdf/2000/pdf/7207x1391.pdf the overall status and progress of the Journal. 10. Impact factor see: http://publications.iupac.org/pac/ most_cited/index.html. The oversight roles of CPEP and the EAB were im- 11. “The World Chemistry Congress 2001 and the Young portant during the years under review, but it was dis- Scientist Awards”, CI (2002), vol. 24, n° 3, p. 11. appointing to experience reactive or even inadequately https://old.iupac.org/publications/ci/2002/2403/ considered outcomes to some of the important issues youngscientist.html. “Special topic articles featuring of principle as well as practice toward the end of my the 2002 Winners of the IUPAC Prize for Young period of editorship. PAC is a visible and priceless ar- Chemists”, PAC (2002), vol. 74, n° 11, p. 2021-2082. chival asset of the Union. It has long fulfilled its import- http://publications.iupac.org/pac/74/11/index.html ant obligation to facilitate access to knowledge gener- 12. “Perspectives and Challenges for the International ated by and for the international chemistry community. Year of Chemistry”, PAC (2011), vol. 83, n°1 . http:// The ‘old’ and now-passive PAC website survives as an publications.iupac.org/pac/83/1/index.html exemplary and readily navigable open-access archive 13. See A. Hayes, “President’s report on the state of the Union” in CI (2001), vol. 23, n° 5, p. 133. https://old. of all PAC content between 1960 and 2012. Perhaps iupac.org/news/archives/2001/p_report_haye.html it serves also as a salutary reminder of lessons to be 14. These documents are not available as part of the learned from the past, and opportunities to reflect on public record of IUPAC, but interested readers may the attendant challenges of safeguarding Union re- direct inquiries and requests for additional information sponsibilities toward the international community. to [email protected].
References James R. Bull
Chemistry International January-March 2020 15 A Global Discourse on the Future of Chemistry
where you can join IYCN and let us know if you would The Inaugural IYCN like to take on a more active role within the network. It General Assembly is important to note that membership of IYCN is free! Go to: www.iycnglobal.com/membership to join now! by Bailey Mourant, Lori Ferrins, Whilst IYCN is not the younger chemist branch of Sophie Carenco, Natalie LaFranzo, IUPAC, IUPAC does continue to off er guidance and sup- and Catherine M. Rawlins port in our everyday activities. We provide opportuni- ties for younger chemists who are active within IYCN he International Younger Chemists Network to interact with IUPAC, and we promote ways in which (IYCN) began as a task force at the 2015 ACS people can get involved in many of the IUPAC projects TNational Meeting in Boston between a group of (such as updating the gold and orange books). young chemists from the USA, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Europe. The ultimate goal was to create a unified General Assembly international network for younger chemists to connect In July 2019, and after much anticipation, IYCN and share ideas. Successful efforts led to the official hosted its inaugural General Assembly (GA); a day- launch of IYCN as an associated organization of IUPAC long meeting held in conjunction with the IUPAC bien- at the 46th World Chemistry Congress (IUPAC2017) nial General Assembly, which gathered young chemists held in Brazil. from all over the world to determine the future direc- tion of the organization. We are a global network working to establish a plat- The delegation consisted of 43 members from 33 form that fosters communication, mentorship, and countries, with no more than two delegates from the collaboration between our members, and our re- same country. Observers also attended and actively cently updated vision statement is refl ective of this contributed ideas throughout the GA, but were not (connect and empower younger chemists globally). permitted to vote. Both in-person and virtual atten- Our social media accounts have grown exponentially dance was possible on the day, and the event boast- since the inception of IYCN and we currently have in ed a nearly-even, 52 % male and 48 % female, split of excess of 2,800 followers across all channels. This is attendees. proving to be a valuable way for us to connect with In the morning, IUPAC Vice President, Christopher younger chemists and to bring opportunities to their Brett, and IUPAC Secretary General, Richard Harts- attention! horn, addressed the delegation with a warm welcome Our membership base includes any chemist un- and emphasized the important role that IYCN and its der the age of 35 or someone within 5 non-continu- members will play in the future of IUPAC. The fi rst half ous years from their terminal degree, or training. As a of the GA was dedicated to electing the 2019-2021 result of feedback during our strategic planning ses- Executive Board and fi nalizing IYCN’s Statutes & By- sion, we have established an online membership page laws. The latter half of the day consisted of a strategic
Map representing the countries who suc- cessfully nominated delegates to attend the inaugural IYCN General Assembly in Paris, held during the 47th World Chemistry Congress. 43 delegates from 33 coun- tries were present either in person, or virtually via GoToMeeting.
16 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Attendees at the official launch of IYCN in 2017 (above) and the delegates, observers and Executive Board members at the inaugural General Assempbly in 2019 (right).
planning session, which reformulated IYCN’s Vision potential and outputs. and Mission statements and established short-term In order to address point (1), we adopted a tradi- and medium-term goals, which will direct the activities tional two-body structure, with a legislative body and of each steering committee in the coming years. an executive one (as can be found in IUPAC); the fi rst one electing and providing oversight of the latter. It Statutes & Bylaws should be noted that the executive body has no say IUPAC2017 provided an opportunity for IYCN in the designation of the delegates: these are chosen members to meet, and the Governance subcommittee within each country according to their own rules and was formed, with a focus on being an international and preferences (guided by national chemical societies, if intercultural team of volunteers. They began working there are any), in a process that minimizes interference on the Statutes & Bylaws of the network. from IYCN. (2) is ensured by constructing the legis- The requirements were as follows: (1) Statutes lative body from countries (like IUPAC) rather than should make IYCN a truly representative group of from societies, and by giving the same voting rights younger chemists, able to carry the voice of interna- and weight to every country (unlike IUPAC). Regard- tional researchers, students, teachers and workers, ing (3), there is no fee for membership, and virtual (2) IYCN should have “built-in” diversity in terms of attendance at the GA was declared valid. (4) and (5) country of origin, country of work, and diversity, (3) it are supported by the fact that members can propose should be accessible, both fi nancially and geograph- new activities and projects, and the number of steering ically, (4) Statutes & Bylaws should give the network committees is not constrained. The Bylaws are easier a robust yet fl exible structure, in order to give cred- to modify than the Statutes, which is both protective it to its long-term goals, (5) last but not least, IYCN for the organization but still ensures the fl exibility to should be attractive to younger chemists as well as improve legislation which is not eff ective. Moreover, we to more experienced partners in order to maximize its off er the possibility to chemists who do not meet the
Chemistry International January-March 2020 17 A Global Discourse on the Future of Chemistry
The 2019-2021 IYCN Executive Board (upper-left), Non-Voting Contributors (lower-left), and Steering Committee Leaders (right).
membership requirement to contribute to the network sent to the 43 delegates and approved unanimously. via the “senior contributors” position. These are freely available to download on the IYCN The draft of the Statutes & Bylaws were sent to website www.iycnglobal.com. all delegates and discussed during the GA during a session facilitated by one of our members, Dr. Sophie Strategic planning session Carenco. Some majors points were addressed, a con- High-functioning, inspirational organizations all sensus was found, and improvements to the draft were have common themes: a compelling mission, a clear made on the spot. vision, and designated time to strategically plan how As expected, the defi nition of “younger chemists” to accomplish their goals. As an organization still in its required some focusing. Depending on the regions of infancy, the IYCN had previously been operating in a the world, attendance at university happens at a broad more reactionary environment, with room to become range of ages and studies may be interrupted by work- more strategic in how time and resources were allo- ing periods. cated. One of the major accomplishments of the 2019 The role of the Vice-Chair was also tricky to de- GA was an accelerated Strategic Planning Session to lineate: while continuity is clearly an advantage for ensure a sustainable and impactful future for IYCN. the network, we had to anticipate that, for early-ca- The preparation and execution was modeled af- reer chemists, long-term commitment is more delicate ter the American Chemical Society’s highly successful to achieve than at later stages of their career. It was Strategic Planning Course. Delegates completed pre- fi nally decided that the Vice-Chair would act as the work in the form of a survey, where they were asked Chair-Elect while requiring the approval of the Execu- to brainstorm new mission and vision statements, and tive Board before being directly appointed (without an goals for IYCN for the next 2-5 years. Facilitated by election) as Chair for the next term. Dr. Natalie LaFranzo, the delegates were asked in re- The relations between the Treasurer and the Fi- al-time to refl ect on the accomplishments and struc- nance committee were clarifi ed: while being a full ture of IYCN thus far. This information, in addition to member of the Executive Board, the Treasurer cannot the survey results, were summarized and reviewed be the committee leader. This insures that at least two to lay the groundwork for fi nalizing new vision and people sit on the Executive Board and have to answer mission statements. With robust discussion from the for how the money is collected and spent. room, the following were adopted: The fi nalized version of the Statutes & Bylaws was Vision Statement: Connect and empower younger
18 Chemistry International January-March 2020 The Inaugural IYCN General Assembly chemists globally. Mission Statement: The International Younger Chem- ists Network (IYCN) supports and advocates for younger scientists working across the chemical sciences to pro- mote a globally sustainable future. Important to note was the desire to capture our membership-focus: connecting and empowering our members, and to ensure that the UN’s Sustainable De- velopment Goals are central to IYCN’s mission. The fi nal task during the session was to outline a framework for building goals around the newly crafted vision and mission, with a focus on SMART (Specifi c, Measureable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound) goals. Interestingly, the majority of the goals drafted during the session were directly aligned with the sub- committee structure that was already in place. These goals have since been delegated to Steering Commit- The structure of IYCN as finalized after the ratification of the tee Leaders, who will now be responsible for setting up Statutes and Bylaws, highlighting the legislative and executive tactical execution in an eff ort to expand IYCN’s reach branches and how these two bodies interact to drive IYCN. and impact! The status of these goals will be evaluated where attendees had the opportunity to review each regularly to ensure the teams are on track, the goals other’s CVs and learn how to tailor them for a specif- are prioritized based on relevancy and resources, and ic job description. On Thursday IYCN co-sponsored a any challenges are addressed. panel with Afriscitech called “Redefi ning Scientifi c Ex- The results of this Strategic Planning Session serve cellence in Africa” which featured professionals from as a roadmap for the organization, and we look for- diff erent parts of the continent sharing their experi- ward to measuring their impact! ences and expertise. It was thanks to the French Young Chemists’ Network (RJ-SCF or Réseau des Jeunes Chi- Other events at IUPAC2019 mistes of the French Chemical Society) that IYCN had In addition to the GA, IYCN organized and co-orga- such strong visibility at IUPAC, they included us in the nized several activities at the IUPAC World Congress. planning and organizing of the Young Scientists Pro- Monday evening, in collaboration with IUPAC, there was gramme and we are grateful for their generosity. a Speed Networking session combining younger chem- ists and leaders of diff erent IUPAC Divisions and Com- What’s next for IYCN? mittees to learn about the opportunities within the or- We are currently working towards developing ganization. Networking continued with a poster session strategies to achieve the goals that were set during our and mixer featuring young chemist posters and IUPAC strategic planning session and we will be announcing posters sponsored by the Royal Society of Chemistry our plans in the coming months. But, we are already and the American Chemical Society, International Ac- working on other exciting projects; we will again be tivities Committee. Additionally, we hosted a recep- hosting an experiment competition, giving you the op- tion with the Australian Academy of Sciences (AAS) to portunity to develop an experiment around a specifi c showcase Australian chemistry research, highlighting theme • the winning entry gets a cash prize and their industry and research opportunities, and providing an experiment is translated and made freely available environment fruitful for networking. Tuesday featured through the IYCN website! We are still in the planning the IYCN organized symposium titled “The Interna- stages but more details will be released soon! tional Younger Chemists Network (IYCN): Shaping the Please follow along with us via social media as Future Worldwide” and speakers from the IYCN board we continue to grow. You can subscribe to receive and other international young chemist organizations. updates from our website (www.iycnglobal.com), as Dr. Cecilia Roque from the Faculdade de Ciencias e well as get regular announcements through Twitter Tecnologias at the Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT/ (@IntlYoungerChem), Facebook (@IYCN.global) and UNL) was the closing keynote speaker. Wednesday LinkedIn (intlyoungerchemistsnetwork). Finally, we are we hosted a lunchtime “CV Clinic” workshop featuring already looking forward to IUPAC2021 in Montreal, and Robert Bowles from the Royal Society of Chemistry we hope to see many of you there!
Chemistry International January-March 2020 19 From Young Attendees to Young Actors:
by Sophie Carenco et al. chemists network) [2] and the European Young Chem- ists Network (EYCN) [3]. In order to foster internation- or 100 years, IUPAC has supported chemists al collaboration and intercultural cooperation, other worldwide in all facets of their craft: industrial networks were invited to contribute to the symposium Fdevelopment, academic research, teaching, and organization: the International Younger Chemists Net- many more. Mindful of nurturing its future leaders, work (IYCN) [4], EYCN, and Afriscitech [5]. The ses- since 2020 the Union ensured the attendance of sions were open to all attendees. the younger generation of chemists at the General In addition to an opening networking session with Assembly and Congress in part through their “Young poster presentations, six sessions were hosted in the Observers” program [1]. It provides an opportunity symposium: for scientists below 40 to acquaint themselves with • “From the bench to the market” with testimonies the work of the Divisions and Committees. The IUPAC from entrepreneurs, was especially appreciated Congress, which attracts several thousand attendees as it unraveled the do’s and don’ts of a start-up every two years, was not finely tuned to the expec- business; tations and contributions of the rising generation • “Scientifi c writing” with contributions from the Eu- of chemists. However, the paradigm has begun to ropean Research Council (ERC) executive agency, change. For the 47th Congress organized in Paris, a journal editor and a writing coach, was well at- France, 5-12 July 2019, the scientific executive com- tended by attendees at all stages of their career; mittee, chaired by Clément Sanchez, enthusiastically • “Teaching” was enlightening to all by demonstrat- received the proposal from a team of young chemists ing new, stimulating practices in countries such as to build a “Young Chemists Symposium”, organized by Singapore, Netherlands and France; younger chemists for the benefit of all the attendees. • “New channels and challenges for scientifi c out- reach” illustrated how Youtube and the digital Organization of the symposium started two years world could rejuvenate the fi eld; earlier under the leadership of Camille Oger, assistant An IYCN-centered session brought together professor at the University of Montpellier and a for- younger chemists from around the world and was fo- mer board member of the RJ-SCF (the French young cused around professional development and the per- sonal success stories of empowered young leaders in chemistry; “Redefi ning scientifi c excellence in Africa” highlight- ed, from the point of view of three researchers from this continent, how research could be better appreciated in countries where it is still not enough developed. The symposium was complemented by other events that brought young chemists together. This in- cluded a tour of Paris’ historical sites around the life of Marie Skłodowska-Curie as a social event (provided by the association “Parcours des Sciences” [6]). The IYCN off ered a CV-clinic during one of the lunch time sessions that featured Robert Bowles of the RSC lead- ing the discussion, and a Q&A style discussion with Michelle Lucas and Georg Wießmeier from Sibelco. Lastly, a special evening event was organized to fos- ter discussions between the younger chemists from the conference and these from the Paris area. Held in the grand auditorium at la Maison de la Chimie, it dealt with “young chemists and politics”, with two VIPs: Zhenan Bao from Stanford University and Ken Xie from the Australian Embassy in Paris. During the evening, the winners of the “Chemistry Rediscovered” video contest organized by EYCN were presented [7]. Young Chemist Symposium at the Palais des Congrès, Paris Overall, more than 20 speakers contributed to
20 Chemistry International January-March 2020 The “Young Chemists Symposium” at IUPAC2019
An evening about Young Chemists in Politics at la Maison de la Chimie. From left to right: Camille Oger, Zhenan Bao, and Ken Xie.
the symposium, which gathered a large number of new era for IUPAC Congresses and similar program will attendees from academia, industry and teaching, in be staged in Montreal during the 2021 Congress, in one the 100-seat modern room of the Palais des Congrès. form or another. It was covered live through a dedicated twitter ac- count (@YoungSci_IUPAC) whose audience rapidly References reached 600 followers. It also effectively served as a 1. E. P. Przybylowicz, Chem. Int., 24(1):7-9 (2002) meeting point for active members of younger chem- https://doi.org/10.1515/ci.2002.24.1.7 ists’ networks, for young observers, as well as for the 2. http://www.societechimiquedefrance.fr/About-the-RJ- IYCN delegates who participated in the congress, SCF.html 3. https://www.euchems.eu/divisions/european-young- thus fostering unique opportunities for the younger chemists-network/ generations to connect with the IUPAC community. 4. https://www.iycnglobal.com/ As the first of its kind, gathering funding was chal- 5. https://afriscitech.com/ lenging for such an innovative event. Fortunately, sev- 6. https://parcoursdessciences.fr/ eral partners contributed to allow the symposium to 7. https://www.euchems.eu/divisions/european-young- take place, including IUPAC, Fondation de la Maison chemists-network/chemistry-rediscovered/ de la Chimie, UdPPC, Sibelco, Evonik, ACS, RSC, SCF, GDCh and IYCN. In conclusion, the “Young Chemists Symposium” Contributors include from the Société Chimique de France (SCF): Camille managed to address topics not covered by the rest of Oger, Victor Mougel, Stéphanie Halbert, Sophie Carenco, Lydia Sosa-Vargas, the congress (e.g. entrepreneurship), and to provide and Benjamin Poggi; from the International Younger Chemists Network original viewpoints on other issues (e.g. teaching, out- (IYCN): Lori Ferrins, Bailey Mourant, and Catherine Rawlins; from the reach, young chemists in politics) for the benefit of all European Young Chemists Network (EYCN): Antonio M. Rodríguez, Alice attendees. Let us hope that this is the beginning of a Soldà, and Maximillian Menche; and from Afriscitech: Luc Allemand
Chemistry International January-March 2020 21 The IUPAC100 Global Women’s Breakfast Empowering Women in Chemistry
by Mary Garson and Laura McConnell Gothenburg, Sweden, hosted the most southerly and northerly breakfasts, respectively. A collection of vid- n February 12, 2019, women chemists from eos, photos, and tweets from the event are available at over 50 different countries shared breakfast. the IUPAC100 website. OThey were taking part in the international net- working event Empowering Women in Chemistry, an Breakfast Programs activity to celebrate the centenary of IUPAC. Women A major aim of the IUPAC100 celebrations has have made enormous contributions to the advance- been to encourage chemists to network. Breakfast ment of chemistry over the last 100 years, including as organizers were invited to reach out and connect with winners of Nobel prizes and many other major inter- another breakfast as a way to broaden their networks. national awards, but they rarely take time to celebrate Individual breakfast meetings announced the opening these achievements. and closing of their event by posting a short video to Twitter or Instagram with the hashtags #IUPAC100 and Worldwide there were over 200 breakfasts, with more #globalbreakfast. A global map displaying the locations than fi ve thousand women involved, almost certain- of individual breakfasts was hosted on the IUPAC100 ly making it the largest “virtual” gathering of women website, and as groups announced themselves, blue chemists worldwide. A global breakfast map was cre- circle placeholders corresponding to their locations ated which illustrated the location of each registered were converted into red hearts; it was after all only breakfast with contact information for the organizers. two days before Valentine’s Day! In this way, a virtual Many of the organizers created beautiful fl yers with ‘handwave’ was created that travelled around the globe. original artwork to help promote their events. The fi rst As the celebration progressed, groups were able events were held at 7AM local time in New Zealand, to fi nd out about the activities that had taken place with Wellington and Palmerston sharing the honour in other cities. The Twitter message feed shared of initiating the breakfast events. In her role as glob- photo images and short videos in real time, and also al co-convenor, Mary Garson skyped the Wellington presented an opportunity for those who could not join breakfast from her Brisbane base to acknowledge in directly to connect to the event. In particular, the their signifi cant role. The fi nal breakfast was launched fi nal breakfast in Hawaii was identifi ed on Twitter, and in Hawaii 22 hours later. Dunedin, New Zealand, and recognised by an email exchange between Margaret
Breakfasts were held in over 50 countries (in red) across the globe. They started at 7am local time in New Zealand and cascaded around the world, with the last event beginning in Hawaii
22 Chemistry International January-March 2020 A collection of Global Women’s Breakfast flyers created by groups around the world. (see https://iupac.org/100/glob- al-breakfast/ for details)
Baker (Hawaii), Joanne Harvey (Wellington) and Mary Garson (Brisbane), thereby completing a global female speakers spoke about handwave link. their research. Some breakfasts Individual breakfast groups were encouraged were able to attract sponsorship to bring their own creative ideas to designing their and provide prizes or takeaway individual event. In Australia, Macquarie University “goodie” bags. Catering was encouraged their participants to prepare a poster equally creative; individual about an inspirational woman fi gure. At the University cupcakes iced with the symbols of Calgary in Canada, attendees were invited to build of individual chemical element, a duck from Lego® pieces. The result was a room full sponge cakes with Periodic table of ducks that looked very diff erent from one another, designs (celebrating IYPT2019). something that Associate Professor Belinda Heyne Breakfasts in Germany and Italy off ered as a testament to the importance of diversity celebrated in great style with in science and society. prosecco and fruit juice. The Clarkson University (Potsdam, New York, USA) group undertook a team building activity involving Scope and Opportunity buckminsterfullerene models. In Korea, following Although every country arranged their events breakfast, there was a technical session in which to suit the needs of their own local audience, it was
IUPAC Twitter Feed during the Global Women’s Breakfast from the early breakfasts in New Zealand through the final breakfast in Hawaii.
Chemistry International January-March 2020 23 The IUPAC100 Global Women’s Breakfast
Participants pose for a photo outside the Universidade Federal do Paraná • Departamento de Química in Curitiba, Brazil.
envisaged that a focal point for individual breakfasts prioritizing diversity and inclusiveness. An important would be to explore career progression for women outcome is the reminder to women chemists that they chemists. A set of questions compiled for use at should step up and take a role in their own professional the December 2018 inaugural Women in Organic societies; the leadership opportunities that are created Chemistry symposium of RACI were shared with by working on professional society business are individual breakfast organisers worldwide to assist worthwhile since they are so often benefi cial to career them in constructing panel discussions or question and development. answer sessions. Two webinars were made available, By coming together, participants gained exposure one with Dr Raychelle Burks (St Edwards University, to new role models or research, industrial and Texas, USA) explored the use of social media to educational contacts, thereby expanding their own expand career networks, while a second webinar individual networks. was of a conversation with Kate Jolliff e (University of Sydney) in which Mary Garson (University of Memorable Quotes Queensland) asked her about her career history and “It’s exciting, and humbling, to think that there her tips on career advancement. are groups of women, just like us, all over the world, An editorial in the Journal of Chemical hosting breakfasts just like this, sharing this moment Education (2019, 96, 1-2; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs. together. Today we join together, women across the jchemed.8b01029) by Marcy Towns neatly explained world, to support each other, make new connections the benefi ts of joining in one of these global breakfast and spark new collaborations.” – Dame Carol Robinson, events. She summarised research on the benefi ts of President Royal Society of Chemistry (UK). networking for persistence within the STEM fi eld, and “In the course of my career, I had many role models gave insight into how a mentoring experience had who often became my sponsors. They saw things in been benefi cial in her own career development. me that I didn’t see, and they not only encouraged me, but also promoted me. I can’t stress enough the impor- Outcomes tance of supporting and encouraging young women in Once the Global Breakfast Day was completed, STEM as having this type of diversity will help to con- individual breakfasts submitted video footage and nect skills, creativity, and talents to expand research photo images, and these are archived on the IUPAC across our communities.” - Geneviève Tanguay, the Na- website for use in preparing reports and promotional tional Research Council’s Vice-President of Emerging materials such as videos. From the many messages Technologies (Canada) received since the event, it was clear that there has “It was somewhat humbling to think that we were been a genuine mood of togetherness. A big factor a small part of something much bigger…..it’s perhaps that contributed to the success of the event, and the the fi rst time I’ve felt that way with the internet.” (from ease of communication between diff erent events, was blog about the Potsdam, USA breakfast). the interactive website set up by IUPAC. “Powerful. That’s how we feel today, tomorrow and Our aim has been that the enthusiasm and interest always! Thank you IUPAC for this wonderful event; we generated by the event will translate into ongoing are proud!” (Lebanon) support for IUPAC, as this global organisation reviews “The event helped to foster a sense of communi- its developing role as an umbrella organisation ty and create an environment where chemists from all
24 Chemistry International January-March 2020 The IUPAC100 Global Women’s Breakfast
Participants pose for a picture at the Chemistry Department, UII, Yogjakarta, Indonesia (left) and Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Portugal (below).
backgrounds are welcome to share their perspective.” (Canada) “[It} Inspired promising young women to consider careers in the sciences.” High school teacher, (USA) “We had great fun and wonderful opportunity to network.” (Korea) “It was a little bit thera- peutic, and we had a lot of laughs!” (Italy) “We not only learnt that the power to do any- thing is within us but also that women possess infi nite potential and capacity to “Awesome event, strong supportive community excel in any fi eld. The role models were right there in behind women in chemistry...” (New Zealand) front of us.“ (India) “There were many smiles, pancakes, stories, and an “Our round table discussion talked about the ob- atmosphere of celebration and positivity!” (Australia) stacles women still face in the workplace.” (Greece) “Fascinating connecting with women globally...” Acknowledgements (Nigeria) We thank Eduardo Gallo-Cajiao (The University “Uncountable hugs and smiles of satisfaction ;->” of Queensland) for his assistance with registration (Portugal) and the website, and Lynn Soby (Executive Director, “Promising and very active movement...” (Russia) IUPAC) for her inputs in facilitating the event and “We will set up a women’s network in science and on February 12 with converting placeholders to red research using WhatsApp.” (Peru) hearts. Staff at TheeDigital, including Keri Giordano and Gabrielle Tardive, prepared the website in consul- tation with IUPAC staff . IUPACIUPAC GlobalGlobal Women'sWomen’s BreakfastBreakfast February 12, 2020 Mary Garson is a Professor of Chemistry at The University of Queensland, February 12, 2020 Brisbane, and an elected member of the IUPAC Bureau. Laura McConnell, Registrationiupac.org Coming Soon a Principal Scientist at Bayer Crop Science in St. Louis, Missouri USA © to iupac.org working in the area of Regulatory Scientific Affairs, was in 2019 the Chair Theme: Theme: of the US National Committee for IUPAC. Mary and Laura co-chaired the "Building Bonds to Create “Bonding to Create Future Management Committee overseeing arrangements for the celebration of FutureLeaders” Leaders" the centenary of IUPAC.
Chemistry International January-March 2020 25 News and information on IUPAC, its fellows, and member organizations. IUPAC Wire See also www.iupac.org/news IUPAC recognized by OPCW
he Director-General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), H.E. TMr Fernando Arias, is pleased to announce the decision of the OPCW-The Hague Award Committee to honour Robert Mikulak (US); Cheng Tang (China); and IUPAC as joint recipients of the 2019 OPCW–The Hague Award.
Mikulak and Tang have both been extensively involved in the negotiations of the Chemical Weapons Conven- tion (CWC) and have collaborated with the OPCW on a broad range of topics. IUPAC has contributed to pro- On behalf of IUPAC, Vice President Christopher Brett (left), viding the OPCW with objective scientific knowledge accepts the 2019 OPCW-The Hague award from Romanian on emerging areas of science related to the CWC, as Ambassador to OPCW Brândușa Predescu, Vice Chairperson well as carrying out education and outreach activities of the Executive Council. to chemistry practitioners and the general public. The OPCW-The Hague Award is a legacy of the Learn More OPCW receiving the 2013 Nobel Prize for Peace and For a recent account of IUPAC’s commitment to sup- it recognises individuals and institutions that make an porting the norms of disarmament, see this IUPAC100 outstanding contribution towards the goals of the CWC. story by J. Forman and M. Cesa; https://iupac.org/100/ The Award was established in 2014 from the monetary stories/a-partnership-of-science-and-diplomacy- prize accompanying the Nobel Prize for Peace and is to-eliminate-chemical-weapons/ supplemented by the City of The Hague. The award cer- See also project ‘Building broader and deeper emony was held on 25 November 2019 in The Hague, links between OPCW and IUPAC‘; https://iupac.org/ during the first day of the Twenty-Fourth Conference project/2018-022-3-020. of the States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Conven- tion, and IUPAC Vice President Professor Christopher https://iupac.org/iupac-is-one-of-the-recipients-of-the-2019-opcw-the- Brett received the Award on behalf of the Union. hague-award/
Chemical Weapons Convention JuliaO with novichok, the most O N Amended deadly nerve agent known [1],P in Salisbury, UK,N have also P N N N by Leiv K. Sydnes left disturbing impressions. When the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) was An obviousF question has O finalized in 1992, a world with no production, storage therefore emerged, also Ph and use of such weaponry was envisaged. But in spite within the Organization for of the fact that almost all chemical weapons have been the Prohibition of Chemical O destroyed (97 % by now) and chemical warfare by con- Weapons (OPCW), estab- P N ventional thinking should have become almost unlike- lished to implement the CWC: N ly, incidents involving such weapons have increased in What can be done to stop F numbers and scale in recent years. This has indeed had this destructive development an impact, and ordinary citizens now seem to regard once and for all? Possible Two examples of novichoks chemical weapons more of a threat than a few years solutions seem to have been back. The main reasons for this are serious reports discussed ever since the CWC went into force in 1997 from Syria, where chemical weapons have been part of and particularly in preparation of and in connection with the war theatre more or less regularly since 2012, but the reviews of the Convention, which have taken place the assassination of Kim Jong-nam by VX at the air- every fifth year since 2003. One issue in this discussion port in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and the attack of Ser- has been the value of expanding the list of chemical gei Skripal, a former Russian agent, and his daughter compounds mentioned specifically in the Convention.
26 Chemistry International January-March 2020 An argument against such an expansion has been that this amendment is important because it “demonstrates enlisting a chemical does not change anything since all the adaptability of the Convention to changing threats chemicals that are used to kill people by defi nition be- while enhancing the OPCW’s ability to remain vigilant, come chemical weapons. This indeed curbed the dis- agile, and fi t for purpose [4].” cussion for about 25 years—until last month. When the States Parties assembled in The Hague to their 24th References session at the end of November last year, the CWC 1. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novichok_agent (18.12.19) was amended for the fi rst time ever. The amendment 2. See www.federalregister.gov/ amounted to adding of a series of novichoks (see Fig- documents/2019/08/14/2019-17256/impact-of- ure) to the annex on chemicals to the Convention, as proposed-additions-to-the-annex-on-chemicals-to-the- chemical-weapons-convention-cwc-on proposed by Canada, United States and the Netherlands 3. See a news release in Nature 28 November 2019, [2]. For many chemists, this addition will make them https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03686-y aware of a new structural feature to watch out for in a 4. Press release from OPCW 27 November 2019; www. chemical-weapons context, the O=P-N moiety, but the opcw.org novichoks are chemical weapons weather they are listed or not, so their inclusion has no practical consequence Leiv K. Sydnes
IUPAC-SOLVAY International BIPM and IUPAC formalize a long- Award for Young Chemists— standing cooperation Call for Nominations UPAC has signed a Memorandum of Understanding he IUPAC-SOLVAY International with the Bureau International des Poids Award for Young Chemists is Iet Mesures (BIPM). Signed Tintended to encourage outstand- on 17 October 2019 at the ing young research scientists at the BIPM during the meeting beginning of their careers. The awards of the National Metrology are given for the most outstanding Ph.D. Institutes (NMI) Directors, theses in the general area of the chemi- the MoU formalizes the cal sciences, as described in a 1000-word long-standing coopera- essay. The award is generously sponsored by Solvay. tion between the BIPM and IUPAC. In 2020 IUPAC will award up to fi ve prizes. Each prize will consist of USD 1000 cash and travel expenses to The BIPM-IUPAC Memo- the 2021 IUPAC Congress in Montréal, Canada (13-20 randum of Understanding Aug 2021; iupac2021.org). In keeping with IUPAC’s sta- was signed by Wynand Louw, tus as a global organization, eff orts will be made to en- President of the CIPM, and by Chris- to- sure fair geographic distribution of prizes. The awards pher M.A. Brett, Vice President of IUPAC, on behalf of will be presented at the 2021 IUPAC Congress. Each the IUPAC President, Qifeng Zhou. awardee will be invited to present a poster on his/her The BIPM has for many years been represented on research and to participate in a plenary award session, the IUPAC Interdivisional Committee on Terminology, and is expected to submit a review article for publica- Nomenclature and Symbols (ICTNS), and IUPAC par- tion in Pure and Applied Chemistry. ticipates in the Consultative Committee for Amount Application deadline 15 February 2020 of Substance (CCQM), the Consultative Committee for Units (CCU), and the Joint Committee for Guides in https://iupac.org/2020-iupac-solvay-international-award-for-young-chemists/ Metrology (JCGM).
Chemistry International January-March 2020 27 IUPAC Wire
Grand Prix de la Fondation de la Maison Scientists from all parts of the world who have made de la Chimie—Call for Nominations major contributions to fundamental or applied re- search in the fi eld of materials sciences can be nom- he prize is meant to honor inated for the award. A prime requirement is that the an original work in chemis- candidate’s research must have signifi cantly advanced Ttry of benefit to mankind, the world’s understanding and knowledge of key ques- society or nature. The Grand Prix tions in this fi eld. Candidates for the award can be put will be awarded for the seven- forward by nomination only. teenth time in 2020, to one or Nomination deadline 1 February 2020. several persons, irrespective of An international judging committee will review the nationality, and does carry a mon- nominations and select the winner. The judging com- etary award of 35,000 Euros. mittee comprises members from DSM, DSM’s Scientifi c Advisory Board, IUPAC, and a previous prize winner. It All entries must imperatively be present- is a requirement of the award that the recipient will be ed through a learned society or a national or present at the award ceremony, scheduled during the international scientifi c organisation without any direct IUPAC-MACRO conference (5-9 July 2020, JeJu Island, link with the nominee. South Korea) to receive the award personally and to Entry forms, together with a report detailing the ar- deliver a lecture on their research work. guments for the nomination, must be returned to the Fondation de la Maison de la Chimie by 30 April 2020 https://iupac.org/dsm-bright-science-award-2020-in-materials-sciences- by e-mail to [email protected]. call-for-nominations/
https://actions.maisondelachimie.com/les-prix-de-la-fondation/grand- 2020— International Year of Plant Health prix-de-la-fondation/ he United Nations has DSM Bright Science Award 2020 declared 2020 as the in materials sciences—Call for TInternational Year of Plant Health (IYPH). The year is a once Nominations in a lifetime opportunity to raise global awareness on how protect- estowed in partnership with IUPAC, DSM ing plant health can help end hun- invites nominations for the DSM Bright ger, reduce poverty, protect the BScience Award 2020 in materials sciences environment, and boost economic which is accompanied by a cash prize of €25 000. development. This prestigious award has been established to recognize and reward experienced scientists, in the The actual UN declaration makes clear connection with midst of their career, who have already made an the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; see indelible, positive impact on our global society and more at https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/252; on the advancement of science in their respective If, as a chemist, you thought there will be no reason field of research—and who we would like to stimulate to celebrate in 2020, think again! to continue doing so by recognizing and rewarding their talent and achievements. http://www.fao.org/plant-health-2020
28 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Information about new, current, and complete IUPAC projects and related initiatives. Project Place See also www.iupac.org/projects
what it is not. This project aims to update the 1994 Ba- sic Classification and Definitions of Polymerization Re- actions (Pure Appl. Chem., 1994, 66, 2483) document to address these concerns in the context of existing trends in polymer synthesis.
For more information and comments, contact Task Group Chair John Matson
Henry’s Law constants
Henry’s Law describes the distribution of chemicals between the gas and the aqueous phase. There is a Impact of Objective Analysis of Clinical plethora of ways to define a corresponding equilib- Trial Failures on Drug Discovery and rium constant. This has led to many inconsistent and Development Processes ambiguous definitions, units, and names in the liter- ature. Unfortunately, the recommendations in miscel- Drug discovery and development most frequently fail laneous IUPAC publications are also incompatible. As during clinical trials as in vitro and pre-clinical studies do an outcome of this project, a well-defined set of rec- not effectively translate into success in humans, and at- ommendations to clear-up these incompatibilities will taining regulatory approval, many fail their commercial- be provided. ization goals. Medicinal chemists and scientists in drug discovery can benefit from understanding the cause of For more information and comments, contact Task Group Chair Rolf Sander these failures. This project, recently approved by the
Chemistry International January-March 2020 29 Project Place
Enhanced recognition and encoding of chemical and manufacturing processes include the use stereoconfiguration by InChI tools of, or creation of particles. Currently there is not an established nomencla- InChI tools are widely used as substance identifiers in ture system for describing particulate materials. Par- various sources of chemical information. However, the ticles, much like polymers, can have similar chem- current support of stereochemical information is limit- ical identities, but due to particle structure, size, ed to tetrahedral, double bond and short allene stereo- and distribution of properties they can have distinct isomerism. Among the unsupported stereo types are behaviors. The lack of proper naming conventions atropisomers and some special cases including centers frequently leads to confusion regarding the type of with more than four ligands. An additional significant particle being described or used in literature and in problem is an incomplete recognition of configurations commerce. Particles are extensively exploited in the for very common Haworth and chair representations chemical and material science industries, and grow- of carbohydrates. The absence of support for MOLFile ing regulatory monitoring activities predicate a need V3000 enhanced stereo used to represent relative and for procedures for naming particulate materials in a racemic configurations is another significant limitation. meaningful and systematic manner. Notably, these Updated procedures will allow InChI to support addi- materials lie in an area that is not explicitly covered tional stereochemical cases and avoid mistakes in des- by the nomenclature rules for inorganic or organ- ignation of stereoisomers. ic compounds. Hence, there is a need to develop IUPAC recommendations for the nomenclature and For more information and comments, contact Task Group Chair Andrey associated terminology for particles and popula-
IUPAC Provisional Recommendations Provisional Recommendations are preliminary drafts of IUPAC recommendations. These drafts encompass topics including terminology, nomenclature, and symbols. Following approval, the final recommendations are published in IUPAC’s journal Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) or in IUPAC books. During the commentary period for Provi- sional Recommendations, interested parties are encouraged to suggest revisions to the recommendation’s author.
Definitions and notations relating to tactic polymers Vocabulary of radioanalytical methods Comments by 31 January 2020 Comments by 31 March 2020
Glossary of Methods and Terms used in Glossary of Methods and Terms used in Surface Analytical Spectroscopy Chemical Analysis Comments by 29 February 2020 Comments by 30 April 2020
https://iupac.org/recommendations/under-review-by-the-public/
30 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Recent IUPAC technical reports and recommendations that affect the many fields of pure and applied chemistry. Making an imPACt See also www.iupac.org/what-we-do/journals/
An inter-comparison of isotopic com- are reported. They show discrepancies in x(20,21,22Ne), 22 position of neon via chemical assays especially for x( Ne), in ‘natural’ neon, for the same gas bottle, equivalent to an uncertainty of up to 165 and thermal analyses (IUPAC Technical μK (k = 1) in the triple point temperature, as measured Report) by all testing laboratories, and of about 100 μK (k = 1) Steur, P., Yang, I., Kim, J., et al. as measured from a single testing laboratory. This is an Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2019 unsatisfactory situation for thermometry, since it is dif- Volume 91, Issue 11, pp. 1869-1882 ficult to obtain a reliable and accurate isotopic assay https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-1203 for neon, thus limiting the accuracy of the realisation of the neon triple point temperature as a ITS-90 reference From 2003 to 2014, a study on the effect of isotopic point to well above 50 μK. However, it also discloses composition on the triple point temperature of neon a strong limitation in the relevant analytical chemistry. 1874 was conducted P. P. M. under Steur etthe al. :framework An inter-comparison of a project of isotopic in- composition of neon via chemical assays volving laboratories from 11 countries. Natural neon from commercial sources of different isotopic compo- Definition of the chalcogen bond Table 2 (continued) 20 22 sition, high-purity Ne and Ne isotopes, and certified (IUPAC Recommendations 2019) artificial isotopic mixtures were used. The thermomet- 22 21 22 22 # ric studies comprised:Assays a) a total of 131 analytical assaysudecl (x( Ne)Aakeroy, Mean C., x (Bryce,Ne), D., Desiraju, Mean x( Ne),G., et al. ΔT(x ( Ne)) –6 c 21 22 from three laboratories on the isotopic composition of×10 )Pure and Appliedu(x( Ne)) Chemistry,u(x 2019( Ne)) /μK samples taken from 31 different bottles of neon with Volume 91, Issue 11, pp. 1889-1892 26/#0 (5) Japan 2011, KRISS2 2012a, — 0.002632 0.092333 42 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0713 chemical gasJapan purity 2013(2) 99.99 mol %a, Japan 2014 to a99.9995+ mol %, 182 0.000072 0.000280 including chemical impurities for some samples, with 45 up to 12 assays per sample; b) multi-laboratory ther- —This recommendation proposes a definition for the term 27mal analyses, (3)KRISS2 with accuracies 2012a, Japan ranging 2013a, up to better 137“chalcogen 0.000448 bond”; it is recommended0.091744 that the term13 is than 50 μK (Japank≈2), 2014 on a39 samples, almost all perma- 169used to designate1.0E-04 the specific8.6E-05 subset of inter- and in- nently sealed in metal cells, for the determination of —tramolecular interactions formed by chalcogen atoms a a 28the liquidus-point (3) Japan temper 2013 (2)ature, Japan of 2014the triple point as 62wherein the0.002657 Group 16 element 0.092642 is the electrophilic 33site. (12)/#00a function of isotopic composition. The thermometric — 0.000075 0.000220 a a 29/#X,studies also constitute(3) Japan 2013 an (2) international, Japan 2014 inter-compar - 64 0.002673 0.092758 31 #XB — 0.000110chalcogen bond0.000170 (ChB) ison of thermal and analytical assays on the isotopic net attractive interaction between an Note:composition—and Total 131 assays. For oc thecasionally sample number of the in chemical column # referimpu to- Table 1. Theelectrophilic deeper a cell gray region filling theassociated higher the valuewith of a u. ΔTrities—of(x(22Ne)) = triple-pointneon. These temperature tests are equivalent critically of uneeded: best total for uncertainty budget for thermal measurements ΔT less than chalcogen atom in a moleculartp entity abouttop-ac 50 μcuracyK. thermometry. a b c andd a nucleophilic region in another, or Calibrated.The mainCanadian results laboratory of the (low inter-comparison precision). Reported of forthe each assay. KRISS1: Bottle calibrated against a mixture of 3.3 % 22 20 e f g Nevarious in Ne. chemical Including assays,NMIJ #28 and and #29.of the IRMM comparisons reference gas. be -In parentheses: first,the mean same, of only molecular early assays; entity. second, mean oftween only late the assays assays (see and the bottle/samplethe results of assay thermal changes analyses, in Fig. 3).
0.095 Critically evaluated propagation rate coefficients for radical polymerizations:
0.094 {Josh to share Fig2, PAC p. 1874; acrylates and vinyl acetate in bulk same as graphical abstract) (IUPAC Technical Report) Hutchinson, R. and Beuermann, S.
Ne) 0.093 Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2019 22
x ( Volume 91, Issue 11, pp. 1883-1888 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1108
0.092 Arrhenius parameters capturing the temperature de- pendence of radical polymerization propagation rate
coefficients, kp, for methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 0.091 vinyl acetate in bulk are reported, based on the fitting 0.00262 0.00264 0.00266 0.00268 0.00270 0.00272 of benchmark data sets compiled from independent x(21Ne)
Fig. 2: Irreproducibility of subsequent assays for each of the gas samples in Table 1. IdenticalChemistry symbols International of the same January-March colour (or 2020 31 gray tone) indicate replicated analyses of the same bottle, either by the same laboratory or in different laboratories; amount fraction x is given in mol mol−1. Making an imPACt
laboratories using the pulsed-laser polymerization/ in February 2020. For this open access journal proj- size exclusion chromatography method. The report- ect, the Committee on Chemistry Education of IUPAC
ed kp values for acrylates hold for secondary-radical is cooperating with the Division of Chemical Educa- propagation and are needed to calculate effective tion of EuChemS, and working together with De Gruy- propagation rate coefficients in situations where ter. Open access is an important factor. It means that there is a significant population of mid-chain acrylate teachers in schools are also able to access the articles. radicals resulting from backbiting, as will be the case No expensive subscription rate is needed to read, print, at technically relevant temperatures. The results are and use the articles. compared to those previously reported for styrene Publication costs are kept low and articles are pub- and methacrylates to highlight the large differences lished for $150 while IUPAC and De Gruyter are funding
in kp values seen between the major monomer families. the journal for the first two years. The first ten articles give a broad overview of proj- ects in teaching chemistry. One group of articles deals Experiments on adsorption at hydrous with mathematical problems that students face when metal oxide surfaces using attenuated working in chemistry. These have been presented earli- er at an online conference, the ConfChem Fall 2018, run total reflection infrared spectroscopy by the ACS CHED Committee on Computers in Chem- (ATRIRS) (IUPAC Technical Report) ical Education. The second issue of CTI contains a selection of pa- McQuillan, A., Osawa, M., Peak, D., et al. pers presented of the 14th European Conference on Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2019 Research in Chemical Education (ECRICE 2018) held Volume 91, Issue 12, pp. 2043-2061 in Warsaw, Poland on 2-6 September 2018 and orga- https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0211 nized by the Faculty of Chemistry of the University This article seeks to encourage the adoption of mod- of Warsaw and the Division of Chemical Education of ern methods of surface analysis in teaching contexts EuChemS. Sponsored by ECRIRE, the issue was com- by introducing the use of attenuated total reflection piled in cooperation with the conference organizer and infrared spectroscopy (ATRIRS) in analysis of adsorp- guest editor Krzysztof Miecznikowski. tion reactions at hydrous metal oxide thin films. The
first xperimente shows how outer-sphere adsorption 2018 · VOLUME 1 · ISSUE 1 e-ISSN 2569-3263 of perchlorate ion is distinguished from inner-sphere
adsorption of ethanedioate (oxalate) ion at TiO2 sur- faces. The second experiment shows how the nature TITEL 2018 · VOLUME 1 · ISSUE 1 · PP. XX–YY of adsorption of sulfate ion to iron oxide surfaces CHEMISTRY changes with pH. In the third experiment, the vari- ation of the amount of benzene-1,2-diol (catechol) TEACHER adsorbed to TiO with solution concentration enables 2 INTERNATIONAL an adsorption constant to be derived from the ad- BEST PRACTICES IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION sorption isotherm.
Chemistry Teacher International, Best Practices in Chemistry Education Editor-in-Chief: Jan Apotheker, and Iwona Maciejowska
The first issue of Chemistry Teacher International was published in July 2019, perhaps as an unexpected 100
anniversary present for IUPAC! Planned a few years EDITOR Jan Apotheker ago and announced in Chemistry International Apr Iwona Maciejowski 2018 (p. 38, https://doi.org/10.1515/ci-2018-0217), the project has taken a bit longer than expected to get the first issue out, and the second issue will be published www.degruyter.com/journals/cti
32 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Making an imPACt
With the publication of the first volume, a milestone In 2020, a special issue on polymer chemistry has been reached. It is now important that the continu- will be published in September 2020, celebrating the ity of Chemistry Teacher International is insured. In or- centenary of polymer science marked this year by der to do that, regional editors in different parts of the Staudinger’s landmark paper published in 1920 “Über world can help in obtaining new articles for the journal, Polymerisation” (Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 53(6): 1073- sharing good practices from all parts of the world. In 1085; https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19200530627) 2019, major events pertinent to chemistry education 2020 is also the year for the main biennial Interna- were successfully held: 8th International Conference tional Conference on Chemistry Education ICCE 2020 for Network for Inter-Asian Chemistry Educators which will take place in Cape Town, South Africa, 13- (NICE, https://www.8thnice.org/), the 8th European Va- 17 July. Inspired by the vision of Nelson Mandela who riety in University Chemistry Education (Eurovariety, said: “Education is the most powerful weapon which https://www.monash.edu/eurovariety-2019), and the you can use to change the world,” the event will seed a African Conference on Research in Chemistry Educa- CTI issue to be released early 2021. tion (ACRICE, http://chemsociety.org.ng/acricecsn- conference/). These conferences should be sources for https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/cti articles for Chemistry Teacher International.
Conference imPACt— The 18th International Symposium on Solubility Phe- nomena and Related Equilibrium Processes (ISSP-18, 2019 in print 15–20 July 2018), published in Aug 2019
Regularly published in IUPAC journal is the work aris- The 2nd International Conference on Global Challenges ing from authoritative lectures presented at IUPAC en- in Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD2018, 25-27June dorsed conferences, symposia and workshops. In 2019, 2018), published in Aug 2019 papers from the following conferences were published: The 1st International Conference on Chemistry for Beau- The 22nd International Conference on Phosphorus ty and Health (13–16 June 2018), published in Septem- Chemistry (ICPC, 8-13July 2018) published in Jan and ber 2019 March 2019 The 15th Eurasia Conference on Chemical Sciences (Eu- The 17th International Conference on Polymers and AsC2S-15, 5–8 September 2018, published in October Organic Chemistry (POC, 3-7 June 2018) published in 2019 March and June 2019 The13th International Conference on Solid State Chem- The 7th International IUPAC Conference on Green istry (SSC-2018, 16–21 September 2018), published in Chemistry (ICGC-7, 2-5 Oct 2017) published in May November 2019 2019 The 4th International Conference on the Periodic Ta- The 16th International IUPAC Conference on High Tem- ble, 26–28 July 2019), published in November 2019 perature Materials Chemistry (HTMC-XVI, 2-6 July 2018) published in June and November 2019 The IUPAC Distinguished Women in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering, special issues in celebration The 29th International Carbohydrate Symposium (ICS- of the International Year of the Periodic Table and 29, 14–19 July 2018) published in July and September the 100th anniversary of IUPAC, published in February 2019 and April 2019
Chemistry International January-March 2020 33 Reports from recent conferences and symposia See also www.iupac.org/events Conference Call
Spectroscopy and new horizons UNAM has almost 300 thousand students, mainly from The 41st Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale Mexico, but also from other countries. It has 21 scien- and 1st Latin American Meeting on LIBS: a long tradi- tific research institutes and 9 centers, making it one of tion of spectroscopy and new horizons the most important in the region. The conference venue by C. Sánchez-Aké*, M. Villagrán-Muniz, M. B. de la was the Exhibition and Congress Centre, located in the Mora, and O. Depablos-Rivera main campus of the UNAM. The Central University City Campus of UNAM was named a UNESCO World Heri- The 41st Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale tage Site in 2007. (CSI XLI) was held in Mexico City, Mexico from 9-14 June The CSI 2019 was held in parallel with the first Latin 2019. The CSI is a conference with remarkable tradition American Meeting on Laser Induced Breakdown Spec- in the field of analytic spectroscopy. It provides an in- troscopy (LAMLIBS), which sought to bring together ternational forum for scientists to discuss and share the largest possible number of groups in Latin Amer- novel developments, frontier knowledge, and applica- ica working in this LIBS. Successfully, many students tions in all branches of spectroscopy. The first edition and researchers from Latin America attended both of the CSI was held in France in 1950 with the participa- conferences (around 50 %), thereby impacting posi- tion of representatives from 13 European countries. The tively scientific research in the region and expanding reputation of the CSI grew rapidly over the years, the the horizon of future collaborations and networks. It first nine editions were hosted in Europe and from the is well known that the participation of Latin American tenth edition in 1962, the CSI has been hosted in differ- colleagues in these kind of conferences is limited be- ent countries of the five continents assuming its current cause we do not have enough financial resources to world-wide international character. This is the second attend these events. The simultaneous organization of time the CSI is organized in Latin America, after the CSI the CSI and LAMLIBS had a positive impact on both XXXVII celebrated on 2011 in Buzios, Brazil. conferences by promoting the synergy and collabora- As this was the first CSI in Mexico, it was only natu- tion between the conference’s participants. ral that the National Autonomous University of Mexico Both conferences were organized by the Institute (UNAM), one of the oldest and largest Latin American of Applied Sciences and Technology of the UNAM, with universities, had the honor to host the 2019 edition. the collaboration of colleagues from several academic
Top: CSI XLI – I LAMLIBS Group photo. Above: Grant holders of the CSI XLI – I LAMLIBS.
34 Chemistry International January-March 2020 institutions of Mexico and the participation of presti- a committee with representatives from each country gious researchers in the CSI’s International Advisory was set up seeking to organize a second LAMLIBS Board and the LAMLIBS Scientific ommittee.C The meeting. Our aim is to apply spectroscopy in the use conferences were held under the auspices of IUPAC, and management of local natural resources and the the Optical Society of America (OSA), the Internation- preservation of local cultural heritage. al Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), the National IUPAC contributed extensively with the CSI XLI-I Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONA- LAMLIBS conference by means of its Program Finan- CYT), the Mexican Physical Society and the Mexican cial Support for Conferences for Scientifically Emerg- Chemical Society. ing Regions (FSC-SER). The IUPAC support allowed For five days, 290 participants from 32 countries the attendance of one invited researcher from Argen- exchanged their research work and innovative ideas. tina and 10 students from Latin America countries. The Plenary, invited, and keynote lectures were presented President of the IUPAC Analytical Chemistry Division by recognized scientists in various kinds of spectrome- and CSI’s Continuation Committee member, Zoltan try such as atomic, mass, molecular, nuclear, X-Ray, and Mester, gave a plenary lecture about the new defini- others. Applications in archaeometry, materials, med- tion of the mole, which gathered large interest from icine, biology, industry, forensic, and environmental the conference participants. sciences along with fundaments were presented in 92 The National Delegate’s Meeting of CSI XLI was held oral presentations and 170 posters. The seven plena- during the conference, where it was unanimously decid- ry lectures, held by eminent researchers: Da-Wen Sun ed that Japan will host the CSI 2023. The next edition (National University of Ireland/South China University of the CSI in 2021 will be held in Gijon, Spain chaired by of Technology), Jorge Peón-Peralta (Institute of Chem- the Professor Jose Manuel Costa from the University of istry, National and Autonomous University of Mexico), Oviedo to continue with the important tradition to share Joana Szpunar (French National Research Council), frontier knowledge around spectroscopy. Alessandro DeGiacomo (University of Bari, Italy), Mis- In addition to the academic activities, cultural and cha Bonn (Max Planck Institute for Polymers, Germa- social activities were performed to better know the wide ny), Zoltan Mester (National Research Council Canada) cultural heritage of Mexico and to celebrate the diversity and Ralph Sturgeon (National Research Council Can- of the different participants from all over the world. ada), were broadcast live on the web channel of the UNAM in order to extend the impact to the conference. by C. Sánchez-Aké*, CSI XLI Conference Chair, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas Fourteen invited lectures and fifteen keynote presen- y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior tations were given by outstanding scientists within 17 S/N, Ciudad, Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City. *Corresponding author: parallel sessions. [email protected]., M. Villagrán-Muniz, I LAMLIBS Conference The last day of the conference was dedicated to Chair, M. B. de la Mora, CSI XLI-I LAMLIBS Scientific Secretary, O. Depablos- awards and student poster prizes. Ralph Sturgeon was Rivera, CSI XLI-I LAMLIBS Organizing Committee Member the recipient of the 2019 CSI Award (a prestigious Life Achievement Award) to recognize his contributions to analytical spectrometry through the improvement and Solution Chemistry in Action! developing of new methods for trace elements analy- sis. The 1st LAMLIBS Award was presented to Vincen- by Yongquan Zhou (Roger) zo Palleschi to recognize his outstanding contribution Held in Xining, China, 4-8 August 2019, the 36th Inter- to fundamentals and applications of LIBS. The poster national Conference on Solution Chemistry (ICSC2019) prizes sponsored by OSA and the Journal of Analytical had more than 226 registered participants from 22 Atomic Spectrometry were given in recognition of out- countries at the conference, with every continent rep- standing poster presentation to 6 students. resented. The 32 invited lecturers gave 5 plenary, 5 key- Two special sessions were held at the conferences: note and 22 invited talks; all of them are a very high a round table of LIBS in Latin America and a session standard. 30 section oral lectures were chosen from the dedicated to LIBS and the periodic table of elements. 41 applicants, taking regional and gender balance into The latter was part of the celebration of the 2019 In- consideration. The five plenary speakers were: ternational Year of the Periodic Table. The former was • Glenn Hefter (Murdoch University, Australia), aimed to discuss the current situation of LIBS research • Buxin Han (Institute of Chemistry, CAS, China), in the region to promote the collaboration and stra- • Yoshifumi Kimura (Doshisha University, Japan), tegic alliances between research groups. As a result, • Pal Sipos (Szeged, Hungary), and
Chemistry International January-March 2020 35 Conference Call
• Zhijian Wu (Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes Chinese moderator. The next, 37th, ICSC will be held in 2021 Academy of Sciences, China); in Cartagena, Columbia; the organizers gave a pre- • The keynote speakers were: sentation and demonstrated that all the necessary • Edgar Vargas (Bogotá, Colombia), preparations are well underway. The international • Paola D’ Angelo (Universita` di Roma “La Sapien- steering committee hopes the ICSC2021 will attract za,” Italy), more American participates, who have not been very • Susumu Okazaki (Nagoya University, Japan), active in this area in recent years. Tunisia, Serbia, and • Marie Claire Bellissent Funel (French National Italy showed their intention to becoming the potential Centre for Scientific Research, France) and organizer of ICSC2023. The potential organizers from • Jianji Wang (Henan Normal University, China). Tunisia and Serbia gave presentations about their plan In addition, 96 posters were presented. All the while Italy attended as an observer. The International posters were carefully evaluated by five poster asses- Steering Committee selected Belgrade, Serbia to orga- sors. 10 well done and 5 excellent posters were select- nize the 38th ICSC in 2023. ed. Earle Waghorne presented the excellent poster Marija Bešter Rogač from Slovenia was elected as prizes with an extra 100 Euro book voucher, sponsored the new member of the International Steering Commit- by SPRINGER. They are: Payam Kalhor (Tsinghua Uni- tee of ICSC. This year, we lost two respective members versity, China/Iran), Xiaolei Hao (Tsinghua University, of the International Steering Committee; one-minute China), Kazuhiko Ohashi (Kyushu University, Japan), of silence prayers were held during the open ceremony Dongdong Li (Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, CAS, Chi- and at the beginning of International Steering Commit- na), and Kenzo Aki (Himeji Dokkyo University, Japan). tee Meeting. In order to give more opportunity and exposure to Beyond the busy scientific schedule, the confer- young scientists, organizers held a special session for ence was rich in social events. The opening ceremony young speakers under 35 years old. Nearly 20 youth was held in QISLCAS with local government leaders speakers chose this session, and we selected 10 of as the attendees, which has been reported by four na- them as the youth forum speakers, taking gender, re- tional media outlets. The conference excursion includ- search fields, and region into consideration. Two excel- ed the Exhibition Room of QISLCAS, Plateau Biological lent youth forum speakers were selected: Bence Kutus Herbarium of Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology (Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Germany) CAS, and the Tibetan Medicine Museum of China. The and Shangqing Chen (Tianjin University of Science and conference excursion destinations are full of local char- Technology, China). acteristics i.e. Tibetan and Plateau. The friendly and Glenn Hefter, IUPAC representative to ICSC2019, harmonious banquet and awarding ceremony was held gave a 10-minute talk detailing the various activities in Wanda Ream, one of the most luxurious banquet of IUPAC, the 100th anniversary of IUPAC, and a com- halls in Xining. ing special issue in Pure and Applied Chemistry. Earle ICSC2019 got adequate financial support from the Waghorne gave a 5-minute talk detailing the upcom- Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou Branch of Chi- ing special issue in Journal of Solution Chemistry. nese Academy of Science, and Tianjin University of During the conference, the International Steer- Science and Technology etc. Nine companies also con- ing Committee Meeting was held on 6 August with tributed to this conference through commercial spon- Toshio Yamaguchi (The incumbent chair of ICSC) as sors; they are CasMart, ASONE, Anton Paar, Metrohem,
36 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Conference Call
PerkinElmer, Mikrouna, IKA, Huber, and Springer. With Interdivisional Committee on Green Chemistry for Sus- their generous contribution, nice conference services tainable Development (ICGCSD), Anna Marakova and were provided, such as free buffet for lunch and supper, Aurelia Visa were presented and Jan Apotheker, Mei- free poster print service, free take/delivery service, and Hung Chiu, and Masahiro Kamata represented CCE. cash award for the poster and youth forum winners, The project was financed jointly by IСGCSD and CCE. etc. To alleviate the discomfort of delegates caused The focus of the three-day program of the FCEP by the language difference, 20 volunteers with good was development of Green Chemistry in Mongolia. The English communication abilities were recruited. Four university wanted to start a course in Green Chemistry; Journals acted as the academic sponsors, they will is- the secondary school teachers wanted to start a mod- sue special issues for this conference; they are Journal ule about Green Chemistry; the researchers were inter- of Salt Lake Research (Pre-Conference, English edition ested in starting research in Green Chemistry. It was an has been published, http://yhyj.ijournal.cn/ch/reader/ ambitious program for a three-day session. issue_list.aspx?year_id=2019&quarter_id=2), Pure and After the introductions and welcome by Bayanjar- Applied Chemistry, Journal of Solution Chemistry, and gal, Jan Apotheker introduced IUPAC, as well as the Computer and Applied Chemistry (Post-Conference). International Year of the Periodic Table. Thus, ICSC2019 was successful on several fronts: Anna Makarova made a short presentation on the high-quality science, interesting social programs, and topic “What is Green Chemistry?”. As part of this nice conference services. lecture, participants were given a definition of Green Special thanks go to the Chinese Chemical Society Chemistry and 12 basic Green Chemistry principles. Subcommittee on Thermodynamics and Thermal Anal- Discussion the role Green Chemistry in implementation ysis (especially Jianji Wang and Zhiwu Yu). UN Sustainable Development Goals (2015) and its role Special thanks also go to the organisers from the in observing planetary boundaries. UN Environment QISLCAS (especially Changling Zhao, Hongen Nian, (Global Chemicals Outlook II) [1] data were present- and Jingjing Li) and Tianjin University of Science and ed for the market size of the global green chemistry Technology (especially Tianlong Deng, the co-chair- industry (2015-2020) and the global green chemicals man of ICSC2019) and to the contributing members market by region (2011-2020), of which the Asia-Pacif- of the Solution Structure Research Group at QISLCAS: ic region have more than 30 %. Dengke Pang, Guangguo Wang, and Zhuanfang Jing. After her presentation Makarova organized a dis- ICSC looks forward to meeting again in Cartagena cussion framing the possible advantages of intro- in 2021! ducing Green Chemistry as well as a possible strategy (main activities) of the development of Green Chem- Yongquan Zhou (Roger), Secretary-General of the 36ICSC Local Organizing istry in Mongolia. The VISIS method and technology Committe Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy Of Sciences “Pyramid” developed by Atkisson and others was used [2] for clarity and visualization of the discussion. The Flying Chemistry Educator Program in VISIS method takes it name from its five stages: Ulang Bataar, Mongolia Vision and goals: In this case, the main goals by Jan Apotheker, Anna Marakova, Aurelia Visa of the object of research were the creation of cours- Masahiro Kamata, a long time Titular Member of the es and training modules as IUPAC Committee on Chemistry Education (CCE), vis- well as the organization ited Mongolia regularly since 2006, to advise school of research projects in the teachers. He used his contacts to initiate the nego- field of green chemistry. tiations to organize both a “Young Ambassadors for Indicators: This stage Chemistry” as well as a “Flying Chemistry Educator includes analysis of avail- Program” (FCEP) at the University of Mongolia in able data on the effects of Ulang Bataar from 17-22 September 2019. Ochirhuyay the object of research on Bayanjargal, vice president of the University, worked environmental, econom- together with CCE to organize the FCEP. 28 lectur- ic, societal and individual ers from the University, 27 secondary school teachers well-being dimensions, and 17 researchers from different institutions partici- and identifying current pated in the event. For IUPAC, two members from the trends. Jan Apotheker introducing IUPAC
Chemistry International January-March 2020 37 Conference Call
human health, society, economics, sustainability, and last but not least science. The need to use biomass and obtain energy from it has been detailed. The main ar- gument for this initiative is that the vegetal material is produced as a result of the photosynthesis process, whereby, due to solar energy, simple molecules are transformed into complex organic molecules. Vegetal materials absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during its growth and return it to the atmosphere
during combustion. Therefore, the CO2 balance of de- scribed processes is zero, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse outcome. Several biomass conversion pathways have been described during the lecture. Starting from the twelve principles of green chem- istry, the topic of alternative solvents was analyzed in the sense of increasing interest both in the research community and in the chemical industry. The impact of solvents on pollution, energy consumption and contri- During this workshop, since there were three groups (lec- butions to air quality and climate change must be tak- turers from the University, secondary school teachers, and en into account. Solvent losses are a major part of or- researchers) with different, precisely defined visions and ganic contamination, and solvent elimination accounts goals, three pyramids were created. for a large proportion of the energy consumption in Systems: This stage consists of system model con- the process [3]. struction and identification of critical cause-effect Another interesting topic was the use of alternative relationships within the system, with a subsequent energy such as microwaves and ultrasounds to accel- search for leverage points (system components where erate chemical reactions and improve synthesis results. the introduction of any changes and / or innovations The importance of chemistry behind chlorine was can be the most effective). taken into consideration. Chlorine compounds are used Innovation: This stage includes selection and eval- in the manufacture of a number of significant commer- uation of stability-improving innovations that can con- cial products that may or may not contain chlorine in tribute to sustainable development. the final molecular structure. For these compounds, Strategy: This stage includes building a common synthetic alternative pathways that adopt a holistic strategy for the implementation of selected innova- and proactive approach and do not use any chlorine tions. derivative cannot offer new products and processes. During this workshop, since there were three Therefore, major chemical industries are already con- groups (lecturers from the University, secondary ducting research focused on addressing syntheses and school teachers, and researchers) with different, pre- processes in which chlorine or chlorine compounds are cisely defined visions and goals, three pyramids were not involved. created. After an engaging discussion, it appeared These studies are not yet widely known because they had major concerns about the air pollution in they are protected by confidentiality. Relevant exam- Ulan Bataar, water pollution occurring in the streams ples for replacements to chlorine in industry and in ac- of Mongolia, and the management of chemical waste, ademic syntheses will be useful to facilitate the devel- which is missing in Mongolia. The creation of courses opment of significant and industrially implementable and training programs was considered by the partici- advanced technologies. Chemists deserve to be per- pants as one of the main elements of the strategy for ceived as creative people who make a high contribu- solving these problems. tion to the prosperity of mankind and are capable of In the afternoon session Aurelia Visa gave an intro- leading and engaging in dialogue with economists, pol- duction about Green Chemistry research-challenges iticians, entrepreneurs and philosophers about sustain- and opportunities. able development, rather than polluting the planet [4]. This introduction outlines the directions of re- An important aspect for evaluating chemical rem- search in the field of ecological chemistry and its ben- edies is the use of formulas for measuring reactions’ efits for the environment, as well as in areas such as efficiency through conversion, yield, and selectivity. As
38 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Conference Call these values do not account for pollution, the use of In a short presentation about a number of chemi- solvents and the resulting wastes have been reviewed cal disasters, Aurelia Visa demonstrated the need for in other values for measuring the green degree of the Green Chemistry. She also introduced some of the reaction. Thus, various metrics such as atom economy, areas of research in Green Chemistry, focusing on re- e-factor, atom efficiency, effective mass yields, process duction of waste and raising atom efficiency, as well mass intensity, carbon economy, SWOT analysis, and as the use of solvents that are not detrimental for the life cycle assessment were introduced. environment. Finding different pathways for reactions, Many of the principles of Green Chemistry can be the use of catalysts optimizing atomic efficiency were applied in everyday life, such as waste prevention or some of the aspects discussed. Finding alternatives for more energy efficient industrial processes on a large solvents in the form of super critical liquids was anoth- scale to minimize waste and reduce environmental er issue presented. impact. Everyone is paying attention to pollution and Before lunch Jan Apotheker gave an introduction how to reduce the impact of human activities on cli- about education. Starting with the introduction of the mate change. ideas of Piaget and Vygotsky, the framework for the At the end of the first day the participants visited design of a course was presented, based on the mod- the laboratories of the University. Sarangarel Davaas- el of educational reconstruction (Duit, Gropengießer, ambuu, dean of the faculty, discussing chemistry re- Kattmann, Komorek, & Parchmann, 2012). lated industries in Mongolia, started of the second day. The idea is that scientific content is related to re- These are mostly related to mining. 30 % of the GDP of search on teaching and learning, for the design of the Mongolia is related to mining, at the moment mainly teaching and learning activities in a course. coal and copper. There are other deposits of metals, For the design of the course the framework of con- including uranium and gold. These are mostly exported structive alignment (Biggs, 1996) was used. Based on as fairly raw material to China. The other main source the learning goals, learning and teaching activities are of income is agriculture. Mongolia has a vast area of developed for the course. Based on these same learn- steppe on which cattle, cow, horse and sheep are held. ing goals assessment is designed, directly linked to the Meat is exported. A specific local product, which teaching and learning activities. needs an acquired taste is ayrak, a fermented horse The group was first asked to formulate a more gen- milk. One of the major problems she reported was the eral learning goal for the course. It should express in lack of adequate management of chemical waste, re- one sentence the goal of the course. Subsequently the sulting in pollution both of water and the environment. learning goals should be formulated in a more detailed
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way. These goals should be formulated SMART: Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Timely
Higher education group Two groups of about 8 members of university facul- ty worked on the design of a course, which were partly overlapping. They intend the course to be placed in the end of the third year. Interesting was that in one of the groups a lab session was envisioned, in which students are asked to design alternative pathways for a synthe- sis, which are as green as possible. In the subsequent steps they were asked to design a waste management for the waste produced during the reaction, so that the waste can be reused. They were also asked to introduce formative as- sessment in the lecture design. At the end of the three day session they are in a position to merge the two proposals into one. It should be possible to introduce the new course in the next academic year.
Secondary education group Ultimately two groups worked on a module for Attendees pose with a stainless steel statue of Ghengis Kahn secondary education. One was planned for grade 10, University to invite the group of teachers back to the the other for grade 9. The first group (9th grade) took university so they can keep on working together on the drinking water as a subject. Using the 5E framework design of the module. (Bybee et al., 2006) in which the educational activities are sequenced in 5 steps: Research group Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate. Anna Marakova and Aurelia Visa coached the re- A sixth E was introduced between Elaborate and Eval- search group. They started out with formulating ideas, uate: Exchange, making it a 6E model. The Exchange performing a SWOT-analysis on the suggestions, and part lets the students share their results with others, came up with a time line for research project. This proj- either their peers or their parents; we suggested that ect should, over a period of three years, lead to the the students should make an exhibit that can be ex- construction of a reactor in which reactions in super posed in the science centre the University is planning critical water can be carried out. Ultimately they want to construct in one of their buildings. to use this to introduce the use of super critical water The water demonstrates one of the features of into industry. Green Chemistry: a cycle. After purification the water The research group with participants from different is used in the household, and is returned via a waste institutions, will continue to work on the proposal, which water plant to the surface water, which is used as a will be sent in to the Mongolian Science Foundation for source for the drinking water. financial support. The participants felt they had achieved The other module for 10th grade has batteries as a first steps towards their objectives and will continue to subject and looks into the differences between alkaline work on their projects. Over time we will contact the uni- batteries and lithium batteries. Again here, a feature of versity to find out how things have progressed. Green Chemistry is introduced, the difference between a cradle to grave design for the alkaline batteries and a Mongolian Chemical Society cradle to cradle design for the lithium batteries. During the three days we had a lunch with the chair Both designs still need some work before they of the Mongolian Chemical Society, Avid Budeebazar. can be tried out in the classroom. We have asked the He expressed an interest in joining IUPAC as an NAO.
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Acknowledgments technological paradigm and challenge the technologi- The FCEP was made possible by the financial sup- cal status quo. Environmental innovations are essential port of Green Chemistry LLC and the National Uni- in reducing environmental impacts and resolving the versity of Mongolia, as well as ICGCSD and CCE from environment vs. economy dilemma, and chemistry has IUPAC. During the week we had work lunches and a significant role underpinning these innovations. En- dinners with several representatives from companies vironmental innovations can be achieved via a combi- and institutions in Ulang Bataar, like the New Mongol nation of inputs, such as raw materials, energy and la- Institute of Technology, The German Mongolian Insti- bour. These innovations may be specifically developed tute for Resources and Technology, Synaps and Green to mitigate a specific environmental adverse effect, for Chemistry LLC. The last two are both companies trad- instance, in response to regulations; or their benefit is ing in laboratory glassware and chemicals. the result of the environmental components of other As a delegation we were fortunate to be able to types of innovations. meet Ghengis Kahn. The symposia took place over two days (10-11 July), during which a number of high-profile international Aurelia Visa is senior researcher at “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of speakers presented on three special sessions: Chemistry, Timișoara, Romania. • Innovative chemistry in industrial solutions • Advanced techniques for pollution and waste References reduction 1. https://wedocs.unep.org/handle/20.500.11822/ • Novel approaches to tackle global environmental 27651?show=full challenges 2. Atkisson A. The Sustainability Transformation. How to Accelerate Positive Change in Challenging All three sessions were well-attended and well-re- Times. Published November 19th 2010 by Earthscan ceived, raising awareness of the important topics asso- Publications. P. 323. ISBN 1849712441 ciated with the work and expertise of Division VI mem- 3. Prat D., Hayler J., Wells A., Green Chem., 2014, 16(10) 4546-4551). bership. They also provided the opportunity to address 4. Tundo P., Pure Appl Chem, 2012, 83(3), 411-423 specific egionalr problems and expand current, mainly EU and US based networks.
Innovative Chemistry for Environmental Innovative chemistry in industrial solutions Enhancement This session celebrated the key role of chemistry in providing innovative solutions to a number of indus- by Diane Purchase, Wenlin Chen, Hemda Garelick, trial processes to overcome pre-existing challenges, Nadia G. Kandile, Rai Kookana, Bradley Miller, and including regulation compliance, carbon footprint re- Roberto Terzano duction, waste and energy consumption minimisation, performance enhancement and sustainability attain- The IUPAC 47th World Chemistry Congress (Paris, 5-12 ment. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) has already been ap- July 2019) celebrated the 100 years of IUPAC and the plied to support different decision-making procedures 150th anniversary of the Periodic Table of Chemical in product lifecycle management, such as eco-design, Elements. The congress showcased how chemistry process optimizations, supply-chain management, and addresses today’s most challenging issues relevant to marketing or strategic decisions. human well-being and sustainable development. The Our keynote speaker, Anne Gaffney, is the Chief Chemistry and the Environment Division of IUPAC (Di- Science Officer and Distinguished Fellow at Idaho Na- vision VI) has sponsored and organized a symposium tional Laboratory, USA. She has worked in industry in- highlighting the role of innovative chemistry in: a) end- venting and commercializing new technologies for ma- of-pipe solutions for industrial processes; b) technolo- jor chemical manufacturing companies including Koch gies for pollution and wastes reduction and control; and Industries, Lummus Technology, Dow, Dupont and c) approaches to tackle global environmental challeng- ARCO Chemical Company. Gaffney provided a valu- es. Additional financial support was provided by IUPAC able insight into the commercialization of technologies under the ‘New Directions in Chemistry’ initiative. that can transform carbon waste streams into products Increasing global economic competitiveness, social at a reasonable cost and a net lifecycle reduction of inequalities and the dimension of environmental prob- greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Carbon lems have raised awareness of the need to change the utilization is based on the notion that waste carbon
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Some of the speakers and organisers at the “Innovative Chemistry for Environmental Enhancement” Symposium (From left to right: Prof Petr Pedotov, Prof Hemda Garelick, Prof Willie Peijnenburg, Prof Sabu Thomas, Prof Diane Purchase, Dr Angela Serpe, Dr Roberto Terzano )
need not be a waste product to be sequestered, but processes for self-healing coatings and phenolic mate- instead as a resource to be capitalized upon by turning rials, using palladium nanoparticles for C-C coupling, it to feedstock for products that have market value, and using artificial flavo-enzymes as environmental such as fuels, building materials, plastics or other use- friendly catalysts to perform the Baeyer-Villiger reac- ful solids, chemicals or animal feed. Gaffney identified tion in good yield with high turnover numbers. the carbon utilization technologies could play a critical role in dealing with global carbon emissions. Advanced techniques for pollution and waste Our first invited speaker, Simone Ligi, CEO of reduction Graphene-XT, Italy, has developed an interesting and This session focused on the contributions of chem- innovative solution to the industrial processes to pro- istry in advanced treatment of pollution and the alter- duce graphene that reduces carbon footprint, mini- native solutions to minimise the release of pollutants mises waste and energy consumption, and enhanc- into the environment. The development of circular es performance. Ligi provided a case study on using economy was identified as particularly important to graphene to replace aluminium in electronic packag- overcome the challenges related to our finite resource ing to transform a waste material to fully recyclable and increasing trend of waste production. polymer. The life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis on A keynote presentation was delivered by Sabu graphene bags technology, compared to the bench- Thomas, Vice-chancellor and founder director of the In- mark, shows a potential reduction of 54-99 % of the ternational and inter-university Centre for Nanoscience
CO2 equivalent emission. and Nanotechnology of Mahatma Gandhi University, Willie Peijnenburg of Leiden University, The Neth- India. Thomas presented a strategy to modify carbohy- erlands, the second invited speaker, presented a case drate polymeric materials to the nano-scale or modify study of nanowire-based solar cells to challenge the them with other nano-materials for an eco-friendly and common-held view of “green and clean.” Using LCA low cost solution for water purification. By enhancing and risk assessment to analyse emerging technologies the specific surface area, nano-cellulose, nano-chitin in the energy sector, specifically the solar sector, only and graphene oxides could be prepared from differ- a limited number of technologies was found to support ent biomass sources. Different functional groups could the claim. This is mainly due to the characteristic high also be introduced to these nano-biopolymers to im- cradle-to-gate energy demands that result in high car- prove their removal efficacy and reusability. bon emissions. Angela Serpe of University of Cagliari, Italy, was Five other oral presentations offered different in- our first invited speaker. She introduced an innovative novative chemical solutions, including new crosslinking sustainable method to recover rare earth elements
42 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Conference Call from electronic and electrical wastes (WEEE), with the Melanie Kah was the keynote of this session. Kah aim of developing the green vision from the molecular obtained an MSc in Agronomy and Soil Sciences from scale to the industrial scale process, implementing cir- the University of Nancy (ENSAIA, France) and com- cular economy models. The process is based on the pleted her PhD at the University of York (UK). She use of powerful non-acid leaching agents combining worked at the UK Food and Environmental Research complexing/oxidizing properties in the same molecule Agency (FERA) before joining the University of Vien- working in mild conditions. As a past winner of the Best na (Austria) in 2009. She was a Distinguished Visiting Italian Inventor and the European recognition awards Scientist at the CSIRO (Australia) in 2018, and joined from ITWIIN and EUWIIN organizations for innovative the University of Auckland (New Zealand) in 2019. patents and entrepreneurship, Serpe also shared her Dr Kah discussed how nanotechnology could reduce own experience on a recent crowdfunded project. some significant inefficiencies in current agricultural Petr Fedotov of the Russian Academy of Science, practices and its potential applications and benefits the Russian Federation, gave our second invited pre- are likely to be enormous. In 2019 nanopesticides have sentation on the application of dynamic fractionation been identified by IUPAC as one of the top emerging in a rotating coiled column to the exposure assessment technologies in Chemistry with potential to make our of metals in hazardous wastes that had been buried un- planet more sustainable. As agroecosystems and the der tailing dumps for seventy years. The mobility, avail- associated landscapes are incredibly diverse and com- ability, and vertical transport of metals under his study plex, designing viable products for precision applica- were shown to be very different in the different strata. tion in the field is challenging, she argued that the suc- The technique enabled studies of soils containing an cessful development and evaluation of nano-enabled important pool of available/bioaccessible metals that strategies requires the establishment of intersectorial could further pose potential risk of contaminating the partnerships including scientists in academia and in- environment such as ground water. The data obtained dustry as well as regulatory bodies together with end are of particular importance for environmental man- users (including farmers and the public). Disciplinary agement including pollution reduction. convergence is also essential to develop viable and We also heard a number of very interesting oral sustainable nano-enabled solutions in agriculture, by presentations from chemists around the world, pre- combining expertise from pure and applied chemis- senting different novel and advanced solutions to try (e.g. polymer, formulation) together with that of tackle pollution in the environment. For example: tai- agronomy, plant physiology, soil science and (eco)tox- lored nanomaterials to catalyse the remediation of icology, among others. toxic environmental pollutants such as organohalides, Volker Abetz of Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, organophosphorus pesticides and carbon dioxide; us- Germany, delivered our first invited presentation on ing non-covalent halogen bonding (XB) for a strong the development of isoporous integral-asymmetric binding enhancement towards halide anions upon membranes from block copolymers and the parame- self-assembled monolayer oxidation with a limit of de- ters influencing the structure formation. He presented tection around 6x10-6 M to provide a powerful selective an example of flat sheet membranes and the influence tool for the development of chemo-sensors targeting of additives on the structure, and also hollow fiber environmental pollutants; a novel thin-film composite membranes with the isoporous layer outside or inside, membrane for new forward osmosis with interlayer showing the potential of these copolymers block to be decorated by UiO-66 particles between the thin poly- used to form different shaped membranes. amide (PA) layer and the thick porous support layer for Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni of UNESP, Brazil, an economic way to remove arsenic in polluted water; gave an energetic invited lecture on her research on and an electrocoagulation method to treat wastewater photoelectrocatalysis as an alternative to generate from wool washing. high-energy content fuel and also to remove harmful compounds in wastewater. She presented the devel- Novel approaches to tackle global environmen- opment of photoelectrocatalytic reactors with the ap- tal challenges plications of TiO2 and the modification of its surface This section highlighted how novel chemical ap- at nanoscale architectures. This innovative technology proaches helped to meet some of the UN Sustainable was highly versatile, it can promote the degradation Development Goals e.g. providing clean water and san- of organic pollutants, reduction of inorganic contami- itation and affordable and clean energy. nants, microorganism inactivation, and CO2 conversion
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to biofuel in different experimental settings. The monolinuron in aqueous medium” method is based on economic semiconductors ma- 3rd place—S.D.S. Carvalho and N.M.F. Carvalho on terials used as photocatalysts, coupled with external “Synthesis and characterisation of iron (III) complexes bias potential and generation of e-/H+ charges on the as catalysts for the degradation of methyl orange and electrode surface. She also discussed the efficiency of methylene blue dyes”
nanostructured TiO2 and/or WO3 modified by co-cat- Many congratulations to the winners! alyst (metal nanoparticles and metal complexes, MO, We like to say a big ‘thank you’ to Syngenta for etc.) to degrade micropollutants and water disinfec- sponsoring this Division VI Award. tion by generation of hydroxyl radicals under a pho- toelectrocatalytic processes activated by artificial and About the authors: solar irradiation. All the authors are associated with IUPAC Division Other innovative solutions to tackle global envi- VI Chemistry and the Environment. ronment challenges were presented in the session. One oral presentation examined the ways to minimise Diane Purchase
process using in-house waste H2SO4 and HNO3 mix- of the Division’s subcommittee on Chemical and Biophysical Processes in ture for rapid dissolution, sonication-assisted chelation the Environment. Wenlin Chen that can replace and reduce the CO2 footprint of ordi- yahoo.com> is a full professor of the Faculty of Women in Ain Shames nary Portland cement (OPC) was presented. The use University, Egypt. She is a titular member of the Division. Rai Kookana cess is involved, leads to a significant reduction in CO2 subcommittee on Chemical and Biophysical Processes in the Environment. emissions per ton of cementitious materials, is a good Roberto Terzano 44 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Conference Call about 20 opted for poster presentation and the others for Oral presentation. The standard of the submissions was excellent as befits a conference celebrating its 21st occurrence. The papers encompassed the work from a wide range of institutions, government and non-gov- ernment organisations from within Jamaica, the Ca- ribbean region, North and South America, Africa, etc. Topics covered by the ten plenary speakers included modern scientific and technological developments that could be transferred to the Caribbean region for economic development. Specially invited were Richard Catlow, FRS, Foreign Secretary of the Royal Society, London, England and John Hildebrand, FNAS, Foreign Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. During his brief visit to Jamaica, Catlow requested that we arrange an opportunity for him to give a talk to Attendees at a forum on gender disparity includd, from high school students. left: Elizabeth Santana, Novelette Sadler-McKnight, Lilliam Alvarez-Diaz, Elaine Brouers, Elena Trim, and Petal Jetoo. In addition a Forum entitled: “Cracking the Code to Gender Disparities in Creating a Knowledge Based the Royal Swedish Academy; the African Academy of Economy: Increasing Female Participation in STEM” Sciences; the Israel Academy of Science and the Royal was arranged with sponsorship from UNESCO. Nepal Academy of Science and Technology. The idea of establishing a Caribbean Academy This idea was followed up by staff of The University of Sciences (CAS) was informally proposed at the of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago 21st General Assembly Meeting of the International and the Inauguration of CAS took place on 16th and Council of Scientific Unions [ICSU] in Bern, Switzer- 17th May 1988 at an international seminar on “Science, land 14-19 September 1986. Among the ICSU mem- Development and Society” at the Central Bank Audi- bers supporting the suggestion were: Nobel Laureate torium in Port of Spain, Trinidad. The keynote address Sir John Kendrew, President of ICSU; Mambillikalathil was given by William J Whelan of ICSU who represent- G K Menon, President-Elect of ICSU; Raimundo Ville- ed Professor M G K Menon. Feature addresses were gas, later Chancellor of the Latin American Academy given by Gerald C Lalor who spoke on behalf of the dis- of Sciences; The Swiss Academy of Science; the Third ciplines of Natural Sciences; Harry O Phelps who spoke World Academy of Science; the International Founda- on behalf of the Engineering Sciences; Rolf Richards tion for Science; the US National Academy of Science; who spoke on behalf of the Medical Sciences; Frank Attendees of the 21st Conference and Biennial General Meeting of the Caribbean Academy of Sciences pose for a photo at The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica. (photo courtesy of Mr Aston Spaulding) Chemistry International January-March 2020 45 Stamps International shows a portrait of Men- deleev and the chemical symbols of mendelevium, zinc, copper,Conference helium, argon, Call and xenon, among other elements. In turn, the one Barsotti, a leading regional economist who spoke on scientific and echnologyt matters; from Moldova includes a behalf of the Social Sciences; Hayden Blades of CAR- • facilitate cooperation among scientists and pro- picture of a Rubik’s cube ICOM who spoke on behalf of the Agricultural Sciences mote the coordination and execution of scientific with diff erent elemental and Dr C H D Madagza, the representative of President research in all its aspects; symbols in each of its faces, an appealing tribute to the It remains to be seen which other countries issue Thomas R Odhiambo of the African Academy of Sci- • liaise with relevant research organizations and periodic table since it solved the puzzle of organizing the stamps to honor the sesquicentennial of the periodic ta- ences who spoke on “Some Experiences of the African assist in facilitating their mutual interaction; rec- chemical elements! ble later this year. And I have to wonder if some of the Academy of Sciences.” ognize and reward outstanding performance and Last but not least, Hungary and Bulgaria also released other chemistry anniversaries taking place in 2019, such CAS covers the natural, agricultural, medical, en- achievement within the region in the fields of sci- IYPT stamps, on June 3 and 24, respectively. Both pres- as the centennials of IUPAC or Primo Levi’s birth, or per- gineering and social sciences. Current membership is ence and technology; ent images of Mendeleev and diff erent versions of the haps the discovery of phosphorus 350 years ago, will also around 200 members, including scientists from the En- • raise the level of scientific consciousness in the re- periodic table. Whereas the Hungarian stamp includes be publicly acknowledged with the release of postage glish-speaking Caribbean, Guadeloupe, Cuba, Guyana gion and increase the public understanding and a small illustration of Mendeleev’s original (1869) manu- stamps. In th e meantime, to all chemophiles and periodic and Suriname. appreciation of the importance and potential of script of theCAS periodic is an independent,table, the Bulgarian non-governmental one displays body in table enthusiastsscience and out technology there, happy in human IYPT! progress; the foregroundaiming to: the symbols of all the elements, from hy- • establish and maintain high standards and ethics drogen •to oganesson.provide a forum for interchange among scientists Written by Danielin all Rabinovich scientific SHOP iupac.org/shop 3 Chemistry International March-April 2016 46 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Announcements of conferences, symposia, workshops, meetings, and other upcoming activities Where 2B & Y 43rd Scientific Assembly of the • Panel on Satellite Dynamics (PSD) Committee on Space Research • Panel on Scientifi c Ballooning (PSB) • Panel on Potentially Environmentally Detrimental (COSPAR) and Associated Events Activities in Space (PEDAS) 15-22 August 2020, Sydney, Australia • Panel on Radiation Belt Environment Modelling (PRBEM) COSPAR 2020 will be held from 15-22 August 2020 • Panel on Space Weather (PSW) in Sydney, Australia. Iver Cairns, University of Sydney • Panel on Planetary Protection (PPP) serves as Scientifi c Program Chair. • Panel on Capacity Building (PCB) 146 meetings covering the fi elds of COSPAR Scien- • Panel on Education (PE) tifi c Commissions (SC) and Panels include the follow- • Panel on Exploration (PEX) ing topics (full list available at http://www.cospar-as- • Panel on Interstellar Research (PIR) sembly.org): • Special events: Interdisciplinary lectures, space • SC A: The Earth’s Surface, Meteorology and Cli- agency round table, etc. mate • SC B: The Earth-Moon System, Planets, and Small Selected papers published in Advances in Space Bodies of the Solar System Research and Life Sciences in Space Research, fully • SC C: The Upper Atmospheres of the Earth and refereed journals with no deadlines open to all sub- Planets Including Reference Atmospheres missions in relevant fi elds. The deadline to submit an • SC D: Space Plasmas in the Solar System, Includ- abstract is 14 February 2020. ing Planetary Magnetospheres Contact the COSPAR Secretariat by phone at +33 1 • SC E: Research in Astrophysics from Space 44 76 75 10 or Snow cover, atmospheric precipitation, the role of snow cover, precipita- aerosols: chemistry and climate tion, aerosols in biogeochemical cycles; chemical interaction of 23-27 March 2020, Irkutsk, Russia the oceans, the land surface The III Baikal International Scientifi c and Practical and the biosphere with Conference “Snow cover, atmospheric precipitation, snow cover, precipitation, aerosols: chemistry and climate” will be held in Irkutsk, aerosols. Listvyanka (lake Baikal), Russia from 23-27 March Contact Natalia 2020. The conference is organized by Irkutsk National Ianchenko, Chair of Lo- Research Technical University and endorsed by IUPAC cal Organizing Commit- (https://iupac.org/event/snow-cover-atmospher- tee, 83, Lermontov street, ic-precipitation-aerosols-chemistry-and-climate/). 664074 Irkutsk, Russian The conference has an interdisciplinary nature and Federation, Chemistry International January-March 2020 47 Where 2B & Y Speakers FrontiersCall in Chemical for Abstracts Technology Prof. Leslie Gunatilaka 17-19 June15 2029,November, Colombo, 2019 Sri - Lanka15 February, 2020 College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, USA With clear objectives and rationales, this three-day con- ference organized by the Institute of Chemistry Ceylon will underline the relationship between chemistry and society, as mediated by innovation and development of chemical technologies. The ambitious program promis- es to deliver on the following objectives: International Conference on • To introduce novel technological innovations to Prof. Neelakanthie Gunawardene Frontiers in Director, Semiochem Lanka (Private) Ltd, the chemical industry. Rationale—Current chem- ical industries reap limited benefi t owing to the fact that they have not fully integrated modern Chemical Technology technological innovations into their workfl ow. • To provide chemical inventors a platform to com- mercialize their inventions. Rationale—The re- search cycleSubmit of your a given abstract project through provides this link the fullest 17 - 19 June, 2020 benefi t if itichemc.edu.lk/fct/ is driven to completion. For this pur- Galle Face Hotel Lectures pose, local inventors are given the opportunity to Colombo, Sri Lanka scale up their invention in a manner that would bring about some signifi cant positive change to- wards commercialization. chool of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India • To provide economic benefi ts to the country. Ra- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, USA tionale—Sri Lanka is a country that has a great many resources in terms of raw material. The cur- Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) rent approachInstitute of commercializing of Chemistry Ceylonproducts made with these resources adapt limited technologi- Department of Chemistry, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka Adamantane House, cal processing341/22, or Kotte value Road, addition. Welikada, The economic Department of Chemistry and Physics, Western Carolina University, USA benefi ts that can beRajagiriya, gained via advancements in chemical technology is vast and infl uences many Sri Lanka. Department of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka chemical industries. Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka • To update the+94 chemical11 2861231, society 2861653 on frontiers in chemical technology.w www.ichemc.edu.lk Rationale—An opportunity Department of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka to communicate and eff ectively network with ac- m [email protected] ademics and industrialists to facilitate knowledge sharing towards a greater goal of collective devel- Department of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka opment. • To trigger interest in young chemists towards de- velopments in chemical technology. Rationale— • Innovations in drug discovery and development For the sustenance of chemical technology as a • Technological advancements in cosmeceutical, whole. nutraceutical and herbal product industry • To provide an opportunity for the professional • Genomics and metabolomics development of women chemists. Rationale—To bring out the potential of women chemists pro- IUPAC support has been provided to facilitate the moting equity and equality. attendance of young scientists. Contact Priyani Paranagama, Conference Chair, Most of the objectives echoes areas of interest President, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, 48 Chemistry International January-March 2020 Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica GREEN CHEMISTRY POSTGRADUATE SUMMER SCHOOL 4-9 July 2020 Venice, Italy, Centro Storico Organizers: Pietro Tundo Chairman Fabio Aricò Topics: Exploitation of renewable resources New reaction pathways Energy saving Food security Green Chemistry for cultural heritage Climate Change mitigation Upcoming IUPAC-endorsed events See also www.iupac.org/events Mark Your Calendar 2020 5-10 January 2020 • Electrochemistry GRC • California, USA Bridging Scales in Electrochemical Materials and Methods Applied to Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Catalysis, Energy and Biology Janine Mauzeroll (chair), McGill University, Montreal (Québec), Canada, E-mail: [email protected], https://www.grc.org/electrochemistry-conference/2020/ 7-10 January 2020 • Agrochemicals Protecting Crops, Health and Natural Environment • New Delhi, India Discovery and development of synthetic and natural products for pests management N. A. Shakil, E-mail: [email protected], IARI, New Delhi • 110 012 India • http://www.apchne4.com 12 February 2020 • IUPAC Global Women's Breakfast — Building Bonds to Create Future Leaders • ONLINE For more information, please contact Dr. Laura McConnell or Prof. Mary Garson at [email protected], iupac.org/event/iupac-global-breakfast/ 19-21 February 2020 • Chemistry Conference for Young Scientists • Blankenberge, Belgium Chair: Karel Haesevoets, [email protected], Koninklijke Vlaamse Chemische Vereniging vzw, [email protected], www.chemcys.be 23-27 March 2020 • Chemistry and Climate • Irkutsk, Lake Baikal, Listvyanka, Russian Federation The 3rd Baikal International Scientific and Practical Conference “Snow cover, atmospheric precipitation, erosols: chemistry and climate” Natalia Ianchencko, Chair of Local Organizing Committee, 83, Lermontov street, 664074 Irkutsk, Russian Federation, E-mail: [email protected], http://snow-baikal.tw1.ru/index-eng 13-15 May 2020 • CLEAR • London, United Kingdom 5th International Conference on Contaminated Land, Ecological Assessment and Remediation—CLEAR 2020 Yong Sik Ok, Chair of Program Committee, and Diane Purchase, Chair of Local Organizing Committee:, E-mail: [email protected], http://clear2020.mdx.ac.uk/1 18-22 May 2020 • Order and Mobility in Polymer Systems • St. Petersburg, Russian Federation 10th International Symposium on Molecular Order and Mobility in Polymer Systems Sergey Lyulin, Chair of Program Committee of the Symposium, Director of IMC RAS, Head of Laboratory “Theory and Modeling of Polymer Systems” Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, E-mail: [email protected], http://momps2020.macro.ru/ 18- 22 May 2020 • Polymer Characterization • Venice, Italy POLY-CHAR 2020 [Venice] – International Polymer Characterization Forum Valerio Causin, Chair of Local Organizing Committee, Università di Padova, E-mail: [email protected], www.poly-char2020.org 31 May - 4 June 2020 • Phosphorus Chemistry • Zhejiang, China 23rd International Conference on Phosphorus Chemistry Frank H. Ebetino, Dept.of Chemistry, U. of Rochester, Rochester, NY and Charles E. McKenna, USC Center for Drug Discovery, Program Committee co-chairs. Contact: Feng Ni, E-mail: [email protected], or i [email protected], www.icpc23.org 3-5 June 2020 • New Trends in Polymer Science • Turin, Italy Polymers 2020: New Trends in Polymer Science: Health of the Planet, Health of the People, 2nd PDFA, Polymers: Design, Function and Application Francesco Trotta, Pierangiola Bracco, Marco Zanetti, Co-chairs of Program Committee, E-mail: poly- [email protected], http://polymers2020.sciforum.net/ 17-19 June 2020 • Frontiers in Chemical Technology • Colombo, Sri Lanka Shaping Careers of Chemists through Advancement of Chemical Technology Priyani Paranagama, Chair of Program Committee, President of the Institute of Chemistry, Ceylon, E-mail: [email protected], www.web.ichemc.edu.lk/fct/ 50 Chemistry International January-March 2020 21-26 June 2020 • Convergence of Nanotechnology with Food and Agriculture • Manchester, NH, USA Gordon Research Conference Melanie Kah, vice co-chair, University of Auckland, New Zealand, E-mail: [email protected] https://www.grc.org/nanoscale-science-and-engineering-for-agriculture-and-food-systems-conference/2020/ 28 June - 1 July 2020 • Biotechnology • Maastricht, Netherlands 19th International Biotechnology Symposium, joint with the Congress of European Federation of Biotechnology and NBC-20, the annual Netherlands Biotechnology Conference Richard van Kranenburg, Corbion and Aldrik Velders, Wageningen University, Program Committee co-chairs, E-mail: [email protected], www.ecb2020.com 4-10 July 2020 • Postgraduate Summer School on Green Chemistry • Venice, Italy Sustainable Development through Green Chemistry Contact: [email protected], www.unive.it/ssgc 5-10 July 2020 • Coordination Chemistry • Rimini, Italy The 44th International Conference on Coordination Chemistry – ICCC2020 Maurizio Peruzzini 5-9 July 2020 • MACRO2020 • Jeju Island, Korea 48th World Polymer Congress Chair: Doo Sung Lee, ex-President, PSK; program chair: Jun Young Lee; secretary general: Dong June Ahn ([email protected]); E-mail: [email protected]; www.macro2020.org 12-17 July 2020 • Carbohydrate• Shanghai, China 30th International Carbohydrate Symposium Biao Yu, ICS2020 Chair; Contact: Peng Xu, E-mail: [email protected], http://ics2020.sioc.ac.cn/ 12-17 July 2020 • Photochemistry • Amsterdam, The Netherlands 28th IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry A.M. (Fred) Brouwer, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Program Committee Chair, E-mail: [email protected], http://photoiupac2020.amsterdam 12-16 July 2020 • Polymer Colloids • Prague, Czech Republic 84th Prague Meeting on Macromolecules – Frontiers of Polymer Colloids Daniel Horák, Program Committee Chair, E-mail: [email protected] Conference Office: Ms. Daniela Illnerová, E-mail: [email protected], www.imc.cas.cz/sympo/84pmm 13-17 July 2020• Chemistry Education • Cape Town, South Africa 26th IUPAC International Conference on Chemistry Education (ICCE 2020) Contact/chair of the local organizing committee: Bette Davidowitz 16-21 August 2020 • Theoretical and Computational Chemists • Vancouver, Canada 12th Triennial Congress of the World Association of Theoretical and Computational Chemists Chair: Russell J. Boyd, Dalhousie University, E-mail [email protected]; contact Chemical Institute of Canada (CIC), 222 Queen St, Suite 400, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, toll free: 1-888-542-2242, http://watoc2020.ca 6-9 September 2020 • Photopolymer • İstanbul, Turkey 6th European Symposium on Photopolymer Science Nergis Arsu ([email protected]) and Yusuf Yagci ([email protected]), Symposium co-chairs, www.esps2020.org 11-14 October 2020 • Nature Inspires, Creativity Engineers • Nice, France 5th International Conference on Bioinspired and Biobased Chemistry & Materials Frédéric Guittard Chemistry International January-March 2020 51 Mark Your Calendar (cont.) 18-22 October 2020 • Green Chemistry • Athens, Greece 9th IUPAC International Conference on Green Chemistry, from the IUPAC Interdivisional Committee on Green Chemistry for Sustainable Development (ICGCSD) in association with the Association of Greek Chemists (AGC) Konstantinos S. Triantafyllidis, Chair of Local Organizing Committee, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected], http://greeniupac2020.org/ 1-4 November 2020 • Bioanalytical and Environmental Analyses • Siem Reap, Cambodia Joint Meeting of the 18th Asia Pacific Symposium on Microscale Separation and Analysis and 17th International Interdisciplinary Meeting on Bioanalysis (APCE & CECE 2020) Doo Soo Chung (Chair of Local Organizing Committee), Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, E-mail: [email protected], www.apce-cece.org 10-13 November 2020 • POLYSOLVAT • Toyonaka, Japan Polymer-solvent Complexes and Intercalates (POLYSOLVAT-13) Co-chairs: Fumitoshi Kaneko, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, E-mail: [email protected] and Takahiro Sato, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, E-mail: [email protected] • http://www.chem.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp/graduate/mms/polysolvat13/ 2021 13-20 August 2021 • IUPAC World Chemistry Congress/General Assembly • Montréal, Québec, Canada Frontiers in Chemistry: Chemistry for Health, Energy, Sustainability and Society • www.iupac2021.org Visas How to Apply for IUPAC Endorsement It is a condition of endorsements that organizers Conference organizers are invited to complete of meetings under the auspices of IUPAC, in an Application for IUPAC Endorsement (AIE) considering the locations of such meetings, should preferably 2 years and at least 12 months before take all possible steps to ensure the freedom of the conference. Further information on granting all bona fide chemists from throughout the world endorsement is included in the AIE and is available to attend irrespective of race, religion, or political upon request from the IUPAC Secretariat or online. philosophy. IUPAC endorsement implies that entry visas will be granted to all bona fide chemists www.iupac.org provided application is made not less than three months in advance. If a visa is not granted one month before the meeting, the IUPAC Secretariat should be notified without delay by the applicant. 52 Chemistry International January-March 2020 I U P A C ADVANCING THE WORLDWIDE ROLE OF CHEMISTRY FOR THE BENEFIT OF MANKIND The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry President is the global organization that provides objective scientific expertise Prof. Christopher Brett, Portugal and develops the essential tools for the application and communi- Vice President cation of chemical knowledge for the benefit of humankind and the Prof. Javier García-Martínez, Spain world. IUPAC accomplishes its mission by fostering sustainable devel- Past President opment, providing a common language for chemistry, and advocat- Prof. Qi-Feng Zhou, China/Beijing ing the free exchange of scientific information. In fulfilling this mission, IUPAC effectively contributes to the worldwide understanding and Secretary General Prof. Richard Hartshorn, New Zealand application of the chemical sciences, to the betterment of humankind. Treasurer Mr. Colin Humphris, United Kingdom NATIONAL ADHERING ORGANIZATIONS Australian Academy of Science (Australia) Science Council of Japan (Japan) Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Austria) Jordanian Chemical Society (Jordan) Bangladesh Chemical Society (Bangladesh) Korean Chemical Society (Korea) The Royal Academies for the Sciences and Arts of Belgium (Belgium) Kuwait Chemical Society (Kuwait) Brazilian Chemical Society (Brazil) Institut Kimia Malaysia (Malaysia) Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulgaria) Academy of Sciences of Mozambique (Mozambique) National Research Council of Canada (Canada) Nepal Polymer Institute (Nepal) Sociedad Chilena de Química (Chile) Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Vereniging (Netherlands) Chinese Chemical Society (China) Royal Society of New Zealand (New Zealand) Chemical Society located in Taipei (China) Chemical Society of Nigeria (Nigeria) LANOTEC-CENAT, National Nanotechnology Laboratory (Costa Rica) Norsk Kjemisk Selskap (Norway) Croatian Chemical Society (Croatia) Polska Akademia Nauk (Poland) Czech National Committee for Chemistry (Czech Republic) Sociedade Portuguesa de Química (Portugal) Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab (Denmark) Colegio de Químicos de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico) National Committee for IUPAC (Egypt) Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Finnish Chemical Society (Finland) Comité Sénégalais pour la Chimie (Sénégal) Comité National Français de la Chimie (France) Serbian Chemical Society (Serbia) Deutscher Zentralausschuss für Chemie (Germany) Singapore National Institute of Chemistry (Singapore) Association of Greek Chemists (Greece) Slovak National Committee of Chemistry for IUPAC (Slovakia) Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary) Slovenian Chemical Society (Slovenia) Indian National Science Academy (India) National Research Foundation (South Africa) Royal Irish Academy (Ireland) Real Sociedad Española de Quimíca (Spain) Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Israel) Institute of Chemistry, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) Svenska Nationalkommittén för Kemi (Sweden) Caribbean Academy of Sciences—Jamaica Chapter (Jamaica) Swiss Academy of Sciences (Switzerland) Department of Science Service (Thailand) Türkiye Kimya Dernegi (Turkey) Royal Society of Chemistry (United Kingdom) National Academy of Sciences (USA) PEDECIBA Química (Uruguay) Version 1/2020, last updated 6 Jan 2020 INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 51st IUPAC GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND 48th WORLD CHEMISTRY CONGRESS 104th CANADIAN CHEMISTRY CONFERENCE IUPAC CCCE AND EXHIBITION Montréal 2021 Solving Global Challenges with Chemistry August 13-20 2,200+ Papers / Communications Across Themes: Chemistry for Energy Chemistry at the Frontiers Inclusivity, diversity and equity Chemistry for Health Program representative of Chemistry for Society a global chemistry community Chemistry for Sustainability Recognize excellence and contributions to the profession, science and society Young Professionals Program + 50 Symposia 25 Parallel Sessions Abstract Submission Opens December 2020 Recognition Abstract Submission Closes February 2021 Integrated Awards Ceremony Registration Opens February 2021 August 19, 2021 Early Bird Registration Deadline April 2021 IUPAC General Assembly August 13-20, 2021 World Chemistry Congress | CCCE August 15-20, 2021 IUPAC General Assembly Synchronized with Congress Young Observer Program A partnership among: Endorsed by: [email protected] #iupac2021 iupac2021.org