Vol. XVIII No. 2 February, 1963 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN

a FAIRFAX MANSIONS. FINCHL£Y RD. (corner Fairfax Rd.). London, N.W.S Office and ConMuiting Hours: Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096 7 (General Ofhce and Welfare for the Aged) Monday to 7hursday 10 a.m.—1 p.m, 3—6 p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annually licensed by the L.CC. and Social Services Dept.) fridaf 10 a,m.-1 p.m.

^- L. Lang (Paris) carry out even this emergency programme alone, either financially or with the welfare workers available in their communities ; and this difficulty brought about a joint Jewish drive, which must ALGERIAN JEWS IN FRANCE have been greeted with joy by every Jew. British Jewry, the Jewish communities in the Federal Republic, together with the Jews in all the other ,'n May, 1962. shortly before the departure of openings, too, owing to a lack of dwellings within West and North European countries, have begun jne European population from Algeria, the mem- reach of the place of work. The general short­ to collect funds for the Algerian Jews. In put­ Ders of the Central Jewish Welfare Fund of France age of houses is the greatest material difficulty in ting a uniform Jewish Europe on its feet for the aeiiberated how they might contribute to the the way of the reception of all the Algerian first time they have done something of extra­ .^^^Pt'on of the Algerian Jews in the motherland. returnees in the motherland. I tie few Jews of German origin at that meeting ordinary importance ; with a tragedy as incentive, were not a little surprised when the rapporteur, The arrival of 100.000 Algerian Jews within they have emulated and surpassed the general t^^'j "* of the Jewish communities in Alsace, a few weeks called for great exertions on the political trend towards the unification of Europe. introduced his statements as follows : part of French Jewry, for which its organisations This joint action by the European Jews has an could not be prepared, for it was impossible to extraordinary psychological significance, above all * In 1933 the Germans knocked at our gates. foresee either the time of departure from Algeria for those who have emigrated from one Euro­ We Keep our ears cocked in Strassbourg, or the numerical strength of the migration. What pean country to another. They feel they are in pecause our city is the entrance gate to France, alone was obvious from the start was that the a community whose framework stretches beyond ihat should signify the entrance to freedom, to reception by the Jewish communities and insti­ that of a single nation ; that they are no longer tolerance and to our hearts. tutions was a necessary complement of certain immigrants, but European Jews who, with all the 'When these German Jews came with their State measures, because the majority of the other elements of European Jewry, constitute the heel-clicking and their clipped speech, we were Algerian Jew? had led lives in accordance with receptionists of the newcomers. The new mass naively afraid that they would introduce a dis­ Jewish religious traditions that often cut them off emigration from Algeria having such varied crimination—a discrimination that indeed was from the surrounding world. Algerian Jewry has. components, even the Jews who emigrated from already there. in fact, a special character of its own and—far Germany in 1933 now belong to the "indigenous " Our conscience has been troubled ever since from the ideas of metropolitan France, with its French Jewish population, in the same way as then, when we think of all the human beings somehow secularised Judaism—the Algerian Jews did the German Jews in Israel when immigrants Whose lives we could have saved and whom, are closely tied to cult and religion. Apart streamed in after the State of Israel had been through our exaggerated nationalism, we in fact from their commitment to a purely Jewish founded.

BERLIN JEWISH HOSPITAL TRANSFERRED FROM THE GERMAN SCENE TO TRUST As the result of long-standing negotiations WAR CRIMINAL TRACED IN CHILE TRIALS between the Berlin Jewish community and the City Hermann Julius Walther Rauff, a former official In Bamberg the jury in the trial of Georg of (West) Berlin, a Trust has been established under in the Nazi security bureau, was arrested in Chile Schlosser, charged with the murder of Jews in the name of " Juedisches Krankenhaus BerKn " to at the request of the West German authorities, the ghetto of Czestochowa, has ordered that the which the Hospita! Iranische Strasse has been sold who accuse him of having "' invented " the mobile trial be suspended so that a witness could be at a price of DM. ."i million. The expenditure of gas chambers used for the mass killing of Jews in brought from Israel. As a result the proceedings the hospital will be covered out of subsidies from Poland and Russia. will be heard in the summer. the municipality. The curatorium of the Trust will The West German Govemment is to produce More evidence of the massacre of Minsk Jewry consist of five representatives of the Berlin Senate incriminating material in its possession to the was given to the Coblenz court trying Georg and two representatives of the Berlin Jewish com­ Chilean court where the extradition application is Heuser and eleven other former S.S. and police munity. The partners concerned agreed that this being heard. It will be at least several months officers charged with thousands of murders. Heinz arrangement would be the best way of keeping up before the proceedings are completed. There is Menkel, a 39-year-old Jewish survivor, told of the tradition of the hospital which owes its founda­ no extradition treaty between the two countries. the murder of 16 naked women at the Jewish tion to endowments by Jewish families and which, Rauff is strenuously opposing extradition. He cemetery in Minsk. He also witnessed the on the other hand, has now more than 90 per cent told the Supreme Court in Santiago that he signed execution of six members of the Minsk Jewish non-Jewish patients. papers brought to him but had never ordered or Council. A number of former S.S. and police officers called as witnesses were either "unable witnessed the killing of Jews. RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL The Frankfort Attorney-General, Dr. Bauer, has to remember" the events in Minsk or declared stated that considerable help was given by the that they had never taken part in executions. I Spanish authorities in the search for, and arrest Mr. H. Sejg, a prosecutor now serving the The conviction and sentencing in Israel of of. Reinhold Vorberg, a former Nazi charged Central Agency for the Investigation of Nazi German citizens uttering antisemitic remarks has with complicity in the murder of over 100.000 Crimes at Ludwigsburg, who was an observer been described as a " sad record " by West Ger­ persons. The German authorities have applied during the Eichmann tiral in Jerusalem, told the many's Social Democratic Party. Incidents such for his extradition and, if the application is suc­ Flensburg court during the trial of Martin Fellenz, as these were putting a further strain on relations cessful. Vorberg will be charged with responsi­ a former S.S. officer, that documents on Nazi between Germany and Israel, the party's news bility for transporting victims of German '" mercy crimes against the Jews now in the possession bulletin stated. Everything should be done by kilhng" experiments to extermination camps and of the Central Agency were far more comprehen­ the responsible German authorities, including the the establishment of the camps. captains of German ships calling at Israeli ports, sive than the material that had been available to prevent such incidents in the future. .According to Dr. Bauer, the names of some 600 during the Eichmann trial. people who were involved in the " mercy killing " Herbert Weichelt, the former commander of In Israel, stated the bulletin, these incidents programme have now been listed, and the German the Nazi security police in the Polish city of were viewed with disgust and many Israelis were courts will have" to begin proceedings against Przemysl, was confronted in the Flensburg court of the opinion that the attitude of the young many of them.—(J.C.) by Mr. Morris Gottfried, a 70-year-old Jew, now sailors was a reflection of the general attitude of living in New York. Mr. Gottfried identified the the German people. There was no point in telUng German as having been present at a meeting Israelis that they were an exception. The essen­ Algerian Jetvs in France between the Jewish Council of Przemysl and tial thing was to prevent any further strain on Martin Fellenz, when Fellenz ordered the the relations between the two countries.—(J.C.) immediate execution of a Council member. Continued from page 1 The prosecutor asked the court to sentence HISTORY OF JEWS ON THE RHINE by la-w. for immigrants and retumees, which these Fellenz to hard labour for life for his complicity authorities have to administer themselves, as they in the killing of 40.000 Jews and his individual Material for Exhibition Required do " compensation claims", before actual pay­ responsibility for the deaths of four of them. ment takes place. It must be assumed that on However, he was sentenced to four years' hard the expiry of sustenance payments and on receipt labour, and the warrant of his arrest was Under the title " Monumenta Judaica" an of compensation many Algerians, both non-Jews suspended. exhibition will be held in Cologne in October, 1963, and Jews, will contemplate further emigration. Il dedicated to the 2,000 years' history of Jews on the In Kassel the public prosecutor has asked for a Rhine. The exhibition will be financed out of is by no means impossible that the French sentence of three years' hard labour on Josef authorities will extend their willingness by grant­ Lechthaler, now aged 72, who commanded a Government funds and is also sponsored by leading ing and continuing assistance beyond the national police battalion in White Russia and is charged organisations, including the " Zentralrat" of the soil. Jews in Germany. To make the enterprise a with complicity in the murder of over 500 Jewish success, it would be appreciated if readers from On the other hand, re-emigration of the Jewish men and women in October, 1941.-—(J.C.) emigrants to Algeria does not appear to be that district (including the Alsace) loaned for dis­ contemplated, whereas non-Jews, particularly STUDENTS PROTEST AGAINST play any Jewish objects of art, cult or household officials and employees of big industrial firms, APPOINTMENT in their possession. Particulars may be obtained have already carried out, or are considering, such from the Secretary of " Monumenta Judaica", intentions. To the Jewish immigrants from Socialist students in Berlin have protested Studienrat Konrad Schilling, Gereonskloster 12, Algeria their former home has become a against the appointment of an ex-Nazi sociologist. Cologne. Mohammedan country, in which a Jew could Professor Karl-Heinz Pfeffer, to the Chair of " defacto" only be a second-class citizen. In Sociology for Developing Countries at Muenster THIRD REICH IN HISTORY LESSONS certain semi-oflBcial statements by members of the University. Govemment of the new State of Algeria, there The students' organisation alleges that not only have been—though this has occasionally been had Pfeffer openly supported Nazi ideologies but The Conference of the German Federal Ministers denied—anti-Jewish, pan-Arabic tendencies, which that he had also attempted to defend them in of Culture has issued a list of publications on recent make a retum of Jews to Algeria seem highly post-war years. They demanded reconsideration German history recommended for teachers' and unsuitable from a psychological point of view. of his appointment to the Chair—the first of its pupils' libraries. The list includes, among others, At the end of .1962 only one-tenth of about kind in Germany.—(J.C.) Eugen Kogon's " SS-Staat ", the Anne Frank Diary, 140.000 Jews had stayed behind in Algeria. Annedore Leber's works on the Resistance Move­ RUDOLF HESS AGAIN ment. " Flucht in den Hass ". by Eva Reichmann, The long-term integration of the Algerian and Gerald Reitlinger's " Final Solution ". In the Jews in Metropolitan France presents great pro­ Frau Ilse Hess, the wife of Rudolf Hess, refused preface to the list the Ministers stress the need for blems, as we know from Israel. There is the to " stab my "husband in the back" by having giving the young generation a clear picture of the danger of a two-class-system emerging within him declared feeble-minded in order to get him period of National Socialist dictatorship. French Jewry which, like the population of Israel, out of Spandau prison. She said she had been is already now composed half of Ashkenazi Jews advised that such a declaration might secure his and half of Sephardic Jews. The cultural level AWARDS of the Jews from North Africa is in general low release. and their technical qualifications for such trades Hitler's former deputy is serving a life sentence imposed by the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal The Great Federal Cross of Merit was awarded I and professions as are open to them in France in 1946 for helping to plan a war of aggression. to Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, C.B.E. (Director of Stoke are poorer; the number of children per family Mandeville Hospital), and Rabbi Dr. Georg Salz­ is higher : their financial situation will be worse SCHOOL ANTISEMITISM berger. The international lawyer Dr. Bruno for a long time ; the stratum of leaders in the Mannes (London) received the Federal Cross of group of immigrants and retumees is thinner than A strong protest to the Ministry of Cultural Merit. First Class. that of the Ashkenazi Jews ; the North African Affairs in North-Rhine Westphalia, has come Jews are newcomers, and that alone often is a from the organisation of Jewish communities in handicap; and because of their attachment to Northem Rhineland following antisemitic articles BERLIN LEO BAECK LODGE their religious life, they find assimilation, even if published recently in a newspaper produced for they desire it, more difBcult. pupils at a Muelheim secondary school. The Leo Baeck Traditionsloge has elected the AH these problems will occupy French Jewry As a result of the representations, a spokes­ following Hon. Officers: Siegmund Weltlinger for a generation. In conclusion, let us hold firmly man for the school said that the editor of the (President), Dr. Hans G. Sladowski (Vice-Presi­ to the fact that in a Jewish world which has newspaper, an 18-year-old boy, had been advised dent). Erich Kaufmann. Georg Suesskind. Otto gained its solidarity the will and the possibility not to publish the articles but had not heeded Kantorowicz. Gerhard Marcus, Max Wolfsohn, exist to incorporate the uprooted as persons hav­ this advice. He now realised that he had made Rechtsanwalt Fritz Rosenbaum and Wilhelm ing equal rights. a gross error.—(J.C.) Grzyb. AJR INFORMATION February. 1963 Page 3 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA CAN IT HAPPEN HERE? NEW YEAR HONOURS Minister of Education Addresses Brady Club A panel of four communal workers discussed The distinction of Knight Bachelor has been The Minister of Education, Sir Edward Boyle, the question : " Nazism—is it possible here ? " awarded to Mr. Neville Noel Ashenheim, in a speech following the annual meeting of the Fr;L^? c ^^' arranged by the United Jewish Jamaica's first ambassador to the United States ; Brady Clubs and Settlement, paid tribute to the chapel Society at its headquarters in White- Alderman Frederick Lawrence, a former Deputy Club's '• long history of work in the East End Chairman of the London County Council, and and wide range of worth-while activities for young W^u ?• S- Gillis, Q.C. (an Hon. Officer of the Mr. Roland Ellis Jacobs, a member of the people ". .V1^„H i^'J"^^ Congress, British Section, and Ajex) Adelaide Jewish Community in Australia. Referring to the question of racial and religious id^l ,u . x?°? ^''°"^'^ n°t cast aside too easily the Professor Wilhelm S. Feldberg, head of the intolerance and the recent regrettable episodes in >2i **' Nazism could happen here. Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, this country, he said that the events of the year minJ. \ ^HF^"" ^^ member of the Defence Com- National Institute for Medical Research, has had strengthened his conviction about the Co n.-i°^'^^u?°^'''^ °f Deputies and of the received the C.B.E. Dr. Feldberg was born in importance of social studies and of trying to wourn ?^ Christians and Jews), said that he Hamburg. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society understand why people reacted in these extra­ never h ''°"""'o' ^"'"^^'^ t° ^aymg that it could and was formerly Reader in Physiology, Univer­ ordinary ways. ^enr/.^nf"^"' ^° ^^' B""5h Nazism did not sity of Cambridge. Mr. Elia I. Salzman has also " Please realise how much you are not alone been awarded the C.B.E. for services to the and what an enormous number of people there exaa„» . .^"^ ''^^' menace, and those who tobacco industry of the Federation of Rhodesia danlfr ^'^ i'' significance as an immediate and Nyasaland. He founded the Rhodesian are who are strongly identified with your feel­ Vir T^^f^ °'"S a disservice to the community. Tobacco Science Institute in Salisbury, which is ings in these matters." Aff^f; r^ Sandelson (Chairman of the Foreign conducting research on smoking and lung cancer. The meeting was held at the home of Sir ti^ni o .S°?'"'"ee of the Anglo-Jewish Associa- Barnett Janner, M.P.. and Lady Janner, who is The O.B.E. has been awarded to the following: the President of the Club. unrijfr ^^^' " *°"''^ b^ "as ungrateful as it is Mr. Suhar David, General Sales Director, Gestetner T.telf"' i° ^="Pt ^^^° f°r a moment any Ltd., who is Chairman of the Jewish Association Brftain"° ' ^^"" ''°''^^ establish itself in to Aid Backward Children and Chairman of the "Bridge in Britain" Je^si, ^^^'• °°5?ti'tz (Secretary of the Central Board of Tmstees of the Ravenswood Founda­ The Bridge in Britain was founded in this waTlT,,- ^i'^'"''^ Committee) said that unless he tion ; Mr. B. H. Hurwitz for services to the country two years ago to help introduce to ten vnn'fi^.'""'^''^° '° ^^^''"'8 the signs " I can Jewish community in Belfast; Mr. Herman Aaron Israel a scheme similar to the Duke of Edin­ r^fJrA *^' .y°" <=3n go home reassured ". He Krikler for services to commerce in the Federa­ burgh's Award Scheme. Last summer it sponsored leader! specifically to the attitude of Church tion of Rhodesia and Nyasaland ; and Councillor a visit to Israel of 18 award winners and gave mn« \^f teachers and educationists in Britain, Samuel Davies, who is a Manchester communal scholarships to a further 25 to spend their holiday leader, chairman of the Salford Education Com­ working in the State. eand=. ^J"^"^ '^^'•^ concerned about Nazi propa- mittee and prominent in many national Jewish measures —fj c™'"^'^ '° counteract it by positive Funds are needed for a whole series of new organisations. projects being planned in both countries. To Mr. J. C. Pollack, President of the Australian raise the money required, the Bridge has published Amateur Fencing Federation, has been awarded a Desk Diary for 1963. BRITISH FASCISTS the M.B.E. Mr. Pollack was a member of the British Empire and Commonwealth Games feren'ce°hr^^'h.ffi^°.''^^'-^''^'"u''"e a Press con- Executive, Perth, 1962, and at the Olympic Guardians' Homes and nr^f Sheffield, claimed that several business Games in Melbourne in 1956. The London Jewish Board of Guardians has tial m»i"^i°°al people, " many of them influen- obtained permission for the building of flatlets is remfr?'.4 ,5^^ j°">ed the Union Movement. It HUNGARIAN DELEGATION IN BRITAIN and a Home for old people on the site the Board action aBain^f^.^*°''^,^ '' considering taking legal A communal delegation representing Hungarian purchased in Ballard's Lane, Finchley. Work closing meeti ^^ '° '*'' powers of Jewry visited Britain at the invitation of the Board will start in about six months. It will accommo­ Natinn,.''?/**^'°°al Conduct Committee of the of Deputies. The delegation comprised the date over fifty people and will cost £225.000. hearZ .V"'°u" °^ Teachers has postponed the Deputy Chief Rabbi, Dr. Imre Benoschofsky. and to be paid out of the Board's newly established againcf r- , 'Charges of unprofessional conduct the two principal communal lay leaders, Dr. Endrd Building and Development Fund. Soc ai;;,^?!'" Jordan, the leader of the National Sos. the President of the Central Board of Hun­ Another of the Board's new ventures, the Jordan n'^°^^"'ent, ""''^ ^e is free to attend, garian Jewry, and his deputy. Dr. Geza Seifert. Rosetta and Morton Joseph Home at Hemel for r.ff«„ serving a nine-month prison sentence It took over a year to arrange the visit, and Hempstead, should be completed by September. Pertnis^frf^u""!^'" '^e Public Order Act, was given the arrival of the Hungarian guests was something the heari„ 7 '"^ P"*°° Commissioners to attend of an occasion. Apart from the visits of Yugoslav Blind Society he wnni!?^' h"t. at the last moment, indicated that Jewish leaders, representatives of the small com­ Postponin "K"' ^"*"'^/ " he does not attend the munity in East Berlin, and the Rumanian Chief The target figure of £250.000 set by the Jewish case in I- heanng the Committee will hear the Rabbi, Dr. Moses David Rosen, this was the Blind Society when it launched its appeal in "= "n tus absence.—(J.C.) first visit of an official Jewish communal delega­ October, 1961, has now been reached in cash, tion to London from East Europe since the con­ covenants and promises. ference here immediately after the war, which The Chairman of the Society, while expressing TOLERANCE IN RELIGION was attended by delegates of Jewish communities his " unbounded gratitude to the community for both in East and West Europe. enabling us to bring into being the imaginative d'sImsert°"T°^" n°S'^'^' °f J^'^^ and Christians At a reception, held under the auspices of the and much-needed benefits for our blind co­ miction in PK .'^elation of Tolerance to Con- Board of Deputies, the members of the delegation religionists," asked the community to realise that which th» i^^hg'on at a recent meeting over reported that of the 800,000 Jews who lived in vast increases in the Society's expenditure would Ra'iAhe Dean of St. Paul's presided, Hungary before the war, 700.000 had perished follow logically from the fulfilment of those said thot ^"he I. Edgar, Joint Chairman, under the Nazi occupation. They also told the projects. truth T j°- °°^ rehgion had the supreme final audience that there were thirty synagogues in Hun­ an enr.vl" ^'^'" '^°"^^ 'derive from Christianity gary, a theological seminary, a secondary school, Victims of First War Remembered mental, •""?' compatible with its own funda- a Talmud Torah. an orphanage and a Jewish Judaism ^"TI ^* Christianity could learn from hospital. In moving the vote of thanks to the A volume containing a Roll of Honour was ^as nnt\. .ipission of the higher religions speakers, Mr. S. Teff. Vice-President of the Board presented by Mr. Philip Silvester to the East Can^ eompetitive but complementary, of Deputies, expressed the hope that those Hun­ London Branch of the Association of Jewish spoke nf ^arpenter. Dr. Edgar's co-Chairman, garian Jews who have their families in Israel would Ex-Servicemen in the Joseph Stern Hall of the said han -1 growth of tolerance. Today, he be permitted to join them soon. The reception East London Synagogue. ^3ch oth ^^' ^^^' religions practised alongside was attended by the Hungarian Charge d'Affaires The volume contains photographs and accounts and the Hungarian Consul-General in London. of some 130 officers of the British Army who lost their lives during the First World War. Henrietta Szold Award Miss Margaret Langdon, founder and Chairman Feuchtwanger (London) Ltd. of the Jewish Fresh Air Home and School at Delamere, Cheshire, received the 1962 Henrietta Bankers Szold Award in recognition of her outstanding contribution to the sphere of social service. She BASILDON HOUSE, 741, MOORGATE, E.C.2 is the second person to receive the award—the first was the Hon. Lily Montagu. Telephone: METropolitan 8151 Last July Miss Langdon received an honorary M.A. degree from Manchester University in Representing: recognition of her many activities on behalf of the people of that city. She has worked for I. L. FEUCHTWANGER BANK LTD. FEUCHTWANGER CORPORATION the welfare both of pre-war child refugees from TEL AVIV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA 60 EAST 42nd ST., NEW YORK, 17, N.Y. Nazi Germany and post-war refugees from Hungary and Egypt and is engaged in many other activities. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION February, 1963

POLISH SYNAGOGUES CONVERTED FROM BEfflND THE IRON CURTAIN Municipal authorities in southern Poland have announced their decision to utilise for " local pur­ poses " synagogues in several towns where the RUSSIA AND THE JEWS DEATH SENTENCES Jewish communities were totally destroyed by the Eight Soviet Jews have been sentenced to death Nazis. Accordiujg to a published report at least .\n article by Edward Crankshaw in The in a new series of trials in the Ukraine. four synagogues in the Rzeszow area of southern Observer outlines the position of Jews in the In Kiev the military court sentenced six Jews Poland are to be converted. Soviet Union. to death for alleged currency offences and issuing The synagogue at Dukla is to be used as a It states that, according to a reliable report counterfeit money. It is reported from Kiev that market hall and the synagogue at Rymanow as 62 persons, officials engaged in the fruit and vege­ a House of Culture and municipal library. The from Moscow, the meeting on December 17 of table trade, were tried for committing a number historic synagogue at Lesk, on the River San, is writers, artists and musicians, with the highest of irregularities and " diverting the profits for to be turned into a museum. Government leaders including Mr. Khruschev private use." According to " Pravda Ukraina." himself, was largely taken up with a bitter the official organ in Kiev, five Jews were each WARSAW GHETTO UPRISING argument on and around antisemitism. Mr. sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. REMEMBERED Khruschev said there was no more antisemitism A second trial, in which four people were involved, took place at Iwanofrankivsk m South­ The Fourth International Congress of .\nti-Nazi I in the Soviet Union because " the nationalities ern Poland, now part of Westem Ukraine. Two Resistance Fighters held in Warsaw adopted a reso­ question has been solved". There was only Jews were sentenced to death. A third man, a lution proclaiming April 19th—which will be the " individual antisemitism ". Nevertheless, it was non-Jew. was also sentenced to death, and a 20th anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising— better for Jews not to hold top positions in the fourth defendant, a non-Jew, received a prison as a day of tribute to the Jewish ghetto fighters to Government because this only provoked popular sentence.—(J.C.) be commemorated " all over the world ". resentment. The occasion for these remarks Over 2(X) delegates and observers from 32 coun­ seems to have been an attack on the composer, HONOURS FOR JEWISH SCIENTISTS tries took part in the Congress. The Polish Premier and members of the Government, including repre­ Shostakovich, for using Yevtushenko's poem Seventy-six of the people so far nominated by sentatives of the Warsaw Jewish community, also " Babi Yar" as the text for his new symphony. a special Soviet committee to receive the Lenin attended. The symi^iony has five movements and Prize in 1963 are Jews. This is about half of The Rev. Saul Amias, Minister of the Edgware the adagio, first movement, tells of Babi Yar, the total nominees. Synagogue, is to lead a delegation from Britain. the ravine near Kiev, where the Nazis murdered The Jewish nominees selected by the Kremlin Visits will be made to the former site of the all the city's Jews in the war. A bass soloist for the honour of a Lenin Prize come from all ghetto, the Jewish Institute of History, the syna­ exipresses his identity with all the victims of branches of Soviet science. The majority work gogue, the Jewish school and the workers' co­ racialism declaring that, as long as there are anti­ in the technological, metallurgical and electrical operative. Members of the group will lay wreaths semites, "J am a Jew ". fields. Thirteen of the awards are for Jewish at the Cracow monument to Jewish heroes. architects and housing specialists who have con­ As a result of the argument, Yevtushenko has tributed most towards the rapid expansion of The visit is arranged by the Memorial agreed, in his own words, to " add " to the poem. housing schemes in Moscow and Russian cities Committee. The addition, it is believed, will tell how a Russian generally. woman sacrificed her life to save two Jewish chil­ CZECH REHABILITATION I dren. The choral section of the symphony will be BAKING OF MATZOT NOT PROHIBITED amended to take in the " addition ". Because of Dr. Eduard Goldstuecker, a former Czech this, a number of performances which were to have During a recent visit to Russia by M. Andre Ambassador to Israel, who was sentenced to 24 been given in Russia have been postponed. The Blumel, Vice-President of the France-U.S.S.R. years' imprisonment for anti-State activities symphony will be performed in its revised version Association, M. Blumel raised the question of during the Slansky trial, is to be fully rehabilitated during the festival of Russian music to be held in matzot baking with Mr. Ilya Ehrenburg, the Soviet and is expected to receive a handsome sum in London later this year. compensation for " a miscarriage of justice." Jewish author. Now a professor of German literature at Prague There seems to have been a sustained attack, After consulting with a group of Soviet jurists, University, Dr. Goldstuecker is reported to have increasing all through 1962, on Jewish culture Mr. Ehrenburg has written to M. Blumel stating suffered severe deprivation after his release. He and Jewish religious observances. At least ten that the baking of matzot in the Soviet Union has now been given a Governmnt flat and his important centres of Jewish population have had is not prohibited by either law or decree, so Jews family, separated from him during the trial, have their synagogues closed down in recent months, are free to provide themselves with unleavened rejoined him. making a total of at least 60 since 1959. bread for Passover. There has. as yet, been no posthumous rehabili­ Over 60 per cent of the published total of all tation of Rudolf Slansky, the former Vice-Premier " SOVIETISH HEIMLAND " and former Secretary-General of the Czech Com­ those persons shot for " speculation" and munist Party, or of the other Communist leaders similar activities have been Jews, and in some of A special conference of Russian and Yiddish who were hanged as " 'traitors" just over ten tha trials synagogues were described as the meet­ writers has been held in Moscow. According years ago. However, by a decision of the Central ing place for " crooks and speculators ". to reports from Moscow, the more than a dozen Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, One of the most important closures was the leading Russian authors who attended and who the families of some of those executed will be Lvov Synagogue which, according to reports, were the original supporters of the publication paid " regular pensions." A number of those affects some 30,000 Jews (of a total population of " Sovietish Heimland". the Yiddish journal, who served prison sentences but were later of about 400,000). Sverdlosk, with some 40,000 expressed their satisfaction with the contents and released will be given Govemment posts.—(J.C.) Jews, has also been hit by the closure order. The policy of the paper. city is named after Jacob Mikhailovich Sverdlov. This is taken to mean that the future of the the Jewish revolutionary and a prominent mem­ joumal is assured. The demand for the paper MIKVA IN BRATISLAVA has increased, especially among Russian Jews, ber of the First Central Committee of the Com­ A large mikva is being built by the Jewish munist Party under the leadership of Lenin. but it was decided not to publish more than 25,000 copies for the time being. It is expected, how­ community of Bratislava. The community is Closures in the Ukraine have affected the old also continuing with the building of the mauso­ synagogue at Zhmerinka, which has a Jewish ever, that towards the end of the year more copies may be made available.—(J.C.) leum of the Chatam Sopher (Rabbi Moses Sopher, population of 10,000. Other synagogues closed the famous halachic authority who lived from last year were Zhitomir with 30.000 Jews ; Kazan " BIRO-BIDJANER STERN" 1762 to 1839). with 25,000; Grozny with 12,000 and many Efforts are to be made to uncover and preserve others. " Biro-Bidjaner Stern". the Yiddish journal his grave which, like the rest of the Jewish In many places Jews meeting for prayer in appearing regularly in Biro-Bidjan. the Jewish cemetery, was almost entirely demolished in 1940 private houses have been dispersed by the police autonomous region of the U.S.S.R.. has celebrated by the local pro-Nazi authorities when a road and pilloried by the Press. The only Jewish reli­ the publication of its 5.000th issue. The event was built across the land. gious seminary in the whole of Russia was was marked at a special celebration by the local Irvin Sylvanus's drama of the Warsaw Ghetto. immunised by denying residential permits to nine Jewish community, attended also by non-Jewish " Korczak and the Children " (shown on British of its 15 students. writers and intellectuals. television screens a short time ago) has been produced in Bratislava and was followed by the PLEA FOR RIGHT TO LEAVE showing of a film entitled " Jewish Life in Prague ". Both performances were well received. MOSCOW DRAMA COMPANY Seven international organisations, representing Jewish. Catholic, women's, peace and general human rights interests, urged the United Nations PESACH IN RUMANIA ' A new Jewish theatrical company was formed to adopt a report calling upon all Governments to in Moscow and left for a tour of Russian cities grant the right to any of their nationals to leave Rumania's Jewish community has begun thc after a first performance of Sholem Aleichem's their country or to return thereto. baking of matzot and the organisation of the "Tevie der Milchiker." The report is the subject of debate before the supply and distribution of kosher wine for Pesach. The performance in Moscow was followed by current session of the Sub-Commission on Pre­ An announcement in the Bucharest Jewish recitations of poems by leading Soviet Jewish vention of Discrimination and Protection of journal, " Revista Cultului Mozaic" stated that poets, including Itzik Feffer, Moshe Teif, Samuel Minorities. It has been interpreted by many community leaders decided to start the baking Halkin and Aron Vcrgelis. A number of poems speakers as aimed against the Soviet Union's of matzot in December so as to be able to ensure by Yevgeni Yevtushenko, the young Russian poet restrictions on Jews wishing to emigrate from the adequate supplies for Jewish communities of "Babi Yar" fame, were also recited. U.S.S.R. to Israel or any other place. throughout the country. i Page 5 AJR INFORMATION February, 1963 LENIENCY TOWARDS DUTCH EX-NAZIS NEWS FROM ABROAD CRITICISED Dr. W. H. Nagel. Professor of Criminology at 1 the University of Leyden, who played a leading part in the Dutch resistance, has stated that NEW MOROCCAN CONSTITUTION denazification in Holland has proved to be a UNITED STATES farce. He charges that the award of honorary The new Moroccan constitution put forward by doctorates, Royal decorations and Government Extradition Pact with Israel King Hassan was approved by a sweeping majority commissions to those who were Nazis has become An extradition treaty specifically excluding in the referendum. Practically the entire Jewish a frequent occurrence. political refugees has been signed in Washington electorate voted in favour of the constitution, which Professor Nagel has told the story of a Dutch by the Secretary of State, Mr. Dean Rusk, for proclaims that Morocco is an Islamic State but Jew, the owner of a flourishing business, who the United States, and by the Israeli Ambassador., which guarantees freedom of worship, particu­ was displaced by a Nazi member of his staff ard Mr. Avraham Harman. on behalf of his Govern­ larly for the country's 160.000 Jews. Another incarcerated in a concentration camp. When he ment. auarantee embodied in the constitution is for returned at the end of the war, the Jewish The treatv has been in preparation for two freedom of movement. A principle laid down founder was unsuccessful in his efforts to have years. If the treaty had been in force at the in the constitution is the declaration in the pre­ the Nazi removed. He is now practically an tune of the Soblen affair, Soblen would have had amble tlvat there cannot be only one political invalid, living in poverty, while the Nazi con­ to prove that he was a political refugee in order party in Morocco or a dictatorial regime. The tinues to run the firm and received a Royal to escape extradition. preamble proclaims Morocco as an African decoration on the occasion of the firm's jubilee.— The treatv will come into effect when it is country and part of the Grand Maghreb or North (J.C.) ratified by the U.S.A. Senate and the Israeli .\frican entity. . . ITALY The constitution was approved by a majority Cabinet. Although no difficulty is foreseen, this Religious Protection will probably take several months.—(J.C.) of over 90 per cent of the nearly four million voters. Moroccan Jews will now be able to stand Italian Socialists have presented the Chamber as candidates for the House of Representatives of Deputies with a draft Bill, which seeks to Protest Against Happenings in Russia and the House of Counsellors. extend to Jews and Protestants the same protec­ At a Press conference King Hassan said that tion against disparagement of their religion as at Four American Jewish leaders, including Dr. " the Hebraic and Christian rehgions can be present applies to Catholics. Joachim Prinz. President of the American Jewish freely practised in Morocco and freedom of wor­ The Socialists point out that the present law Congress, and Mr. Label Katz, President of the ship is the real Islam." against disparagement of a religion apphes exclu­ B'nai B'rith. were the signatories of a letter to This statement seems to be contradictory to sively to Catholics, and was introduced during the The New York Times taking issue with one of the sentences of death passed on three members fascist regime. The Italian Constitution states that the newspapers correspondents who had said there of the Baha'i sect, apparently for their religious all citizens are equal before the law without dis­ were no indications of overt antisemitism on the beliefs, by a Moroccan court in Nador (former tinction as to sex, race, religion, language and part of the Soviet Government. Spanish Morocco). One of the condemned men political opinion. " The high position of a violinist, journalist, is a Syrian. The charges were "rebellion, dis­ scientist or bureaucrat of Jewish origin, who has order, conspiracy against public security, consti­ Compensation Agreement tio connection whatsoever with Jewish life and tution of a gang of malefactors and conspiracy Under an agreement between the Italian and values—who, indeed, rejects them—obviously against religious faith ". In addition to the three German Govemments just ratified by the Parlia­ cannot make up for this policy of communal and men condemned to death, five other Moroccans ments of the two countries, Italians persecuted by spiritual strangulation." the American Jewish received sentences of life imprisonment, and a the Nazis for racial or religious reasons are to leaders said. sixth a sentence of 15 years. Five were acquitted. receive total compensation of £31 million. The When the case was announced there were pro­ Italian Government has yet to decide the basis tests in France and it was pointed out that the on which payments to victims will be made. Genocide Convention Urged new Moroccan Constitution " guaranteed to all There was some surprise in democratic circles The American Jewish Congress, in a telegram the free exercise of religion ". It has, however, that 83 votes were cast against ratification of the to President Kennedy, urged him to take the been explained in quarters close to the Govern­ agreement, for which 245 Deputies voted in lead in securing "long-delayed" U.S.A. ratifica­ ment that this guarantee refers to Judaism and favour.—(J.C.) tion of the U.N. Genocide Convention. Christianity, both of which are recognised on the AWARDS 1 lie Congress deplored " pietistic declarations authority of Mohammed himself, but not to M. Jules Horowitz, head of the Department of on behalf of human rights in principle while "lower forms of religion", among which Reactor Studies at the French atomic centre at continuing to do nothing about them in practice ", apparentlv was classified Baha'ism, though it is. Saclay, is one of the new Knights of the Legion t-eadership by the Administration would encour­ in fact, an extremely intellectual form of heresy. of Honour. Six other new Knights of Jewish age those in Congress who favour the convention origin have also been appointed, and Mr. Berko to work for its ratification, the telegram stated. ARAB LINKS WITH NAZIS Finkel, President of the Jewish community of Bar- le-Duc in the Department of Meuse, has been According to the Permanent Israeli Representa­ made an Oflficer of the Legion of Honour. Resistance Debate Broadcast tive at the United Nations, Mr. Michael Comay. Mr. Sam Modano. head of Reuter's bureau in Athens and correspondent in Greece of " TTie A New York radio station. W.B.A.I.—a non- " Arab propagandists in the United States. Latin America and elsewhere have been maintaining con­ Jewish Chronicle." has been appointed to the ^?[P"iercial company—broadcasted in full a debate Order of the Phoenix. on , look place in London about six months ago tacts with neo-Nazi and fascist groups and have Jewish resistance to. and survival under, Nazism. been seeking co-ot>eration with them in order to SWASTIKA DAUBERS IN BRAZIL Ine discussion was held at the National Book exploit antisemitism as a political weapon." In Brazil unidentified hooligans defaced the ^ague and was between four survivors of Nazism. Mr. Comay was addressing the Special Political walls of Curitiba Synagogue with swastikas and acn of whom had written about their experiences Committee of the General Assembly during the slogans, such as " Viva Hitler " and " Viva Eich­ ""er German occupation, .^rnost Lustig came Arab refugee debate. He referred to the fact that mann ". The Governor of the province denounced pecially from Prague for the occasion and the Mr. Ahmad Shukiary. the Saudi Arabian delegate, these acts of vandalism, expressing his solidarity mer three, who live in London, were Hungarian- had " saluted " Tacuara, the South American Nazi with the 600 Jewish families of Curitiba. Dorn Eugene Heimler, Slovakian-born S. J. Unds- organisation. Three youths caught pvainting swastikas on the "orter and German-bora Ezra Jurman. The four The propaganda against Israel. Mr. Comay wall of the Hebraica Club in Sao Paulo were the 1 '•ejected the frequently made assertion that declared, had been generated in the Middle East by handed over to the police. All three are minors „,,^e had been onlv rare acts of resistence on the former Nazis now working in the United Arab and the police therefore withheld their names, but two come from influential families. part of Jewry.—(J.t.) Republic. He gave a partial list of the Nazis working in the U.A.R., including Johannes von " HATE MATERIAL " IN CANADA Leers, who was one of the leading anti-Jewish UN. AGAINST INTOLERANCE Following an interview in Ottawa with a dele­ experts in Dr. Goebbels's Propaganda Ministry gation from the Canadian Jewish Congress, the r 7^^.'•esolution passed by the Third (Social) and who afterwards became Cairo's top adviser on Postmaster-General of Canada gave an assurance ^ornmittee of the U.N. General Assembly to ban antisemitism. He also named Major Leopold that an investigation would be conducted into the int 1 prejudice and national and religious Gleim and Major Bernard Bender, former Gestapo distribution of '" hate material" through the post, "'oierance has been approved by the Assembly officers who are now among those in control of the and in particular the receipt of antisemitic publi­ 'n Plenary session. Egyptian police. Other former Nazi officials cations from the United States. Sublr '^^solution stems from action taken by the reportedly in the service of the Egyptian Govern­ tj "*-ornmission on the Prevention of Discrimina- ment are Ludwig Lind, now known as Helmut th„ ^°" the Protection of Minorities following Vollmer. and Heinrich Semman. now Colonel "'^J*astika events of Christmas, 1959. The term Mohammed Sulleiman. accused of war crimes in ,:,,""semitism " has been eliminated from both Bavaria.—(J.C.) Isra r "r '"' '° spite of strong efforts by the uracil delegation to have it restored, AUSTRALIAN NAZI Wir kaufan Einzalwerke, Bibliothekan, fg?^ resolution, which urges all govemments to Autographan und mcderna Graphik tional d'scriininatorv' laws, recommends educa- Aircraftsman John Crouch, a 23-year-old immi­ jj . .campaigns in countries fo discourage grant from Britain, has been retired from the Diraktw: Dr. Josaph Suschitzky scrimmation and calls on all governments and Australian Air Force after proclaiming himself 38a BOUNDARY RO., LONDON, N.W.S new" agencies to report on these efforts at the a Nazi and announcing his intention of forming "^xt meeting of the Assembly.—(J.C.) a brancb of the Nazi Party. -———-Talaphom MAI. 3030s Page 6 AJR INFORMATION February, 1963

Robert Weltsch organised Jewish community ". That this pro­ cess, well known to everyone famihar with German-Jewish intellectual history in the TRIBUTE TO MARTIN BUBER twentieth century, repeats itself now in America, shows more plainly than anything else the out­ On His 85th Birthday relationship as a matter of course. Incidentally, standing mission Buber's work has fulfilled in only two weeks later Buber was again quoted in contemporary Jewry all over the world. Martin Buber will be 85 on February 8. His the same column of " The Times ", this time by A large comprehensive volume containing name is now a watchword in the realm of Sir Herbert Read. That indicates the extent of contributions from about twenty authors was philosophy, and he certainly needs no intro­ his reputation in the English-speaking world planned as a kind of Festschrift to Buber's duction to the Jewish reader of 1963. During today. eightieth birthday in the American series the last years he has gained in public stature In the philosophical writings of fifty years, " Living Philosophers". It is to be hoped and is considered one of the world's great collected in this volume, Buber's fundamental that this project, which has advanced slower sages to whom men of standing of all nations approach is developed in confrontation with than expected, will perhaps be realised on his turn for advice. His house in Jerusalem is a many modern trends of thought, and is also eighty-fifth birthday. In any case, it seems kind of spiritual centre for the world at large, applied to human life and practical activity that a German edition, prepared by the Kohl­ and the attachment which the late Dag (such as education, social behaviour and even hammer Verlag, will appear earlier than the Hammerskjold felt for him, and which he politics). original English one. The book will have the expressed during his visit to Jerusalem and The literature on Buber has become quite character of a symposium, especially distin­ also just before his death, is certainly of sym­ considerable during the last few years. I can­ guished because Buber himself concluded the bolical value. not refrain from mentioning the new edition volume with an explanation of various points of Hans Kohn's Buber biography, although 1 raised by some of the contributors. This Reshaping of Jewish Image myself contributed a supplement to it describing chapter assumed the form of a concise account Five years ago, on Buber's eightieth birth­ in brief Buber's activities during the last thirty given by Buber himself of the character of his day, I tried, at the request of the Editor of years.t This biography, originally written on philosophical thinking. It is also included as this journal, to give a short outline of Buber's the occasion of Buber's fiftieth birthday, is still the last item in the new collection, "Schriften thought and of his more than sixty years' con­ zur Philosophie", mentioned above. Buber tinuing activity in the Jewish orbit. German primarily expounds why his peculiar way of Jewry owes special gratitude to him for it is in thinking prevented his conceiving a philo­ the German language and within the German sophical " system ". cultural chmate that this " Polish Jew ", as he It should perhaps be added that collections calls himself, achieved his greatest works and of Buber's writings have lately also appeared exerted the strongest influence. It was in in Hebrew, although these books may be less Germany that he began his reshaping of the accessible to most readers of this journal. Jewish image by his first Chassidic books in Mossad Bialik, the most important Hebrew 1906 ("Die Geschichten des Rabbi Nach­ publishing house, with which Buber himself man "), and concluded it with his translation was intimately connected for many years, has of the Bible, which he started with Franz published a collection of Buber's philosophical Rosenzweig in 1923 and finished by himself works, while the publishing department of the in Jerusalem in 1961. Above all, he was Zionist Organisation produced two volumes one of the strongest pillars of German which include not only the articles originally Jewry's spiritual resistance to the scourge of written in Hebrew but also the most important Nazism in the first period of the regime—one earlier Zionist pronouncements translated from of the most honourable chapters in the history the German, which were less familiar to the of German Jewry, now sometimes besmirched Hebrew reader and totally unknown to the by those who do not understand the events and Israeli youth. Of these volumes, the first con­ the situation because they were obliterated by tains a preface by myself and the second by the horrors which followed. Ernst Simon. Recently Buber's writings have been pub­ It is symptomatic that Buber is himself lished in many editions, as separate books and anxiously watching and supervising all these pamphlets or collected in volumes in various new editions from his house in Jerusalem. He combinations, in German, English and has taken on himself the strain of permanent Hebrew. Now, it seems that the complete proof-reading. Possibly he feels that these work will be gathered in in four huge volumes IPhoto : ALFRED BERfOIEIM volumes will form an edifice which will be in German of which the first three: "Schriften aere perennius in the world of human thought zur Philosophie ", " Schriften zur Bibel ", and by far the best introduction to an understanding and especially in the political and intellectual " Schriften zum Chassidismus ", are being pub­ of the younger Buber and his whole spiritual history of the Jewish people in an appalling and lished by Kosel Verlag and Lambert Schneider. and intellectual background. It provides an decisive period. The fourth volume, containing Buber's utter­ excellent penetrating picture of the Jewish entanglement in Central Europe in the years Together with all his Jewish and Gentile ances on Jewish affairs, such as Jewish friends and admirers all over the world, the education, Zionism, political issues in Germany preceding the First World War, and of the section of Jews from Germany whose mouth­ and Israel, etc., will be published by Joseph impact of the war (during which Buber's turn to piece this journal is wishes to express their Melzer. religion took place). As another example of congratulations and their sentiments of respect, Of this gigantic publication enterprise the biographical essay which is easily accessible, I admiration and gratitude to the Grand Old first volume, " Schriften zur Philosophie ",* is would mention Ernst Simon's excellent article Man. already in our hands. Very sensibly the book " Martin Buber and German Jewry " in Year opens with " Daniel, Gesprache von der Ver­ Book III (1958) of the Leo Baeck Institute. wirklichung ", which was of decisive influence Half a century after their profound impact in Your NOUI* for:— in 1913, when, before the First World War, Germany, Buber's "Tales of the Hasidim" seem the recognition of irrational forces was to have a similar revolutionary eflfect on Jewish CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO restored in the philosophical discussion. The thinking in America today. The representative UPHOLSTERY second chapter of this volume, " Ich und Du ", Jewish magazine " Commentary ", referring to < together with the following " Zwiesprache ". the recent two-volume paperback edition of the iPlCIALITY are perhaps the most important of all of English translation (by Schocken Books, New Buber's philosophical works. They established York), says that this work impressed non-Jewish CONTINENTAL DOWN Buber's characteristic position within philo­ writers not less than Jews. The magazine sophy all over the world. References to it publishes an appreciation by the well-known QUILTS! now recur very frequently in all literature, novelist Norman Mailer, author of " The ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS without anybody being surprised, because the Naked and the Dead " and other celebrated " I-Thou Relation" in Buber's interpretation novels, as a document of " the powerful tSTtMATSi FkBt has become an accepted idea. As an example fascination" which the Hasidic Tales have it may be permitted to mention a recent article exerted on " Jewish writers and intellectuals, DAWSON-LANE LIMITED on a literary subject in the London " Times " and particularly on those who stand outside the 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK of December 20, 1962, wherein the author, t Hans Kohn : Martin Bober. Sein Wcrk und seine Telephone: ARN. 6671 Maurice Edelman, mentions Buber's "I-Thou" Zeit. Ein Beitrag mr Geistesgeschicbte Mitteleuropas 1880- 1930. Nachwort " 1930-1960 " von Robert Weltsch. Joseph Personal attention of Mr. W. Schachmann. • Manin Butwr: Werke. Erster Band : Scbriflcn zur Melzer Verlag K6ln. (Veraffentlichung des Leo Baeck PkUstopWa. 1.128 pp. DM. 43. Institutes. New York.) 484pp. DM. 24.80. AJR INFORMATION February, 1963 Page 7

Ernst Simon (Jerusalem) Eichmann Prozess, bei allem Unterschied der Quantitaeten, viel von seiner moralischen Berechtigung verloren haette. Aaron Cohen, seit vielen Jahrzehnten treues MARTIN BVBER-GANZ REAL und fiihrendes Mitglied des Haschomer Hazair und eines seiner Kibbuzim, wird der Spionage Der Ruhm ist die Sammlung aller Miss­ Entscheidung zwischen dem Maximum an Gutem, verdaechtigt und festgesetzt. Buber und seine verstaendnisse, die sich um einen bekannten Namen das jeweils getan werden soil und kann, und Freunde kennen den Mann aus intimer Zusam­ naeufen." Dieses Wort Friedrich Schlegels trifft dem Minimum an Boesem, das manchmal getan menarbeit in der Sache der juedisch-arabischen auf kaum jemanden mehr zu. als auf Martin werden muss. Dies ist keineswegs cine relativis- Verstaendigung. Sie wissen: so sieht ein Spion Buber. Er teilt mit Hugo von Hofmannsthal das tische Haltung, welche den Unterschied zwischen Iiicht aus. Kaum ist die offizielle Mitteilung S>chicksal, zu frueh beruehmt geworden zu sein. Gut und Boese verwischte oder von den jeweiligen heraus. als Buber mit zwei anderen engen zwar mit Jugendwerken. die bedeutend und Situationen abhaengig sein liesse ; die Wert-Tafeln Freunden (Dr. Schereschewski und dem Verfasser bleibend sind. die aber die Gesamtleistung beider stehen fest und gelten. Was aber, in der dieser Zeiien) oeffentliches Zeugnis fuer den Manner nur unvollkommen andeuten. Bei beiden unerloesten Welt und in der unvollkommenen bedrohten Freund ablegt. Bei der Verhandlung liegt der Hoehepunkt im Spaetwerk, welches durch Gesellschaft, tragischerweise relativ bleibt. ist das vor dem Bezirksgericht in Haifa steht Buber Hofmannsthals allzu fruehen Tod jaeh unter- von Fall zu Fall mogliche Mass ihrer Verwirk­ mehr als drd Stunden auf der Zeugenbank. Die orochen wurde, waehrend es bei Buber bis in die lichung. Fuer dessen Feststellung gibt es keinen erste Instanz verurteilt trotzdem Cohen zu fuenf letzte Zeit hinein immer noch waechst. Kodex ; allein das erzogene und wache Gewissen Jahren Gefaengnis. Die Berufungsinstanz aber, Das gebildete Publikum, nicht weniger unlustig des reifen Menschen, der in seiner Verantwortung das hoechste Gericht des Landes, setzt die Strafe zu eigenem Denken als das " ungebildete", vor Gott steht, hat hier taeglich die neue Ent­ auf zweieinhalb Jahre herab, und auch das nur pegnuegt sich in der Regel mit einem Etikett. das scheidung zu treffen, fuer seine Person und fuer mit einem Majoritaetsvotum von zwei Stimmen inra erlaubt, ueber den beruehmten Mann seine Gemeinschaft. gegen eine. Der abweichende Richter, Dr. Witkon, mitzureden und ihn " einzuordnen", sodass er plaediert fuer voeUige Freisprechung, mit seine Bequemlichkeit nicht laenger stoert. Fuer Wege der Verwirklichung Gruenden, die denen jener Erklaerung der Drei Buber ist es immerhin Doppel-Etikett: Mystik und nicht sehr fem stehen. Aber auch die Majoritaet ^Hf5|jdismus. " .Mystik " stimmte fuer die ersten Im Negev herrscht Duerre und Hungersnot. spricht Cohen von der Anklage der Spionage frei, ^naffensjahrzehnte und stimmt schon lange nicht Davon sind besonders die Beduinen betroffen. die bemerkt jedoch, dass das Gesetz auch unvorsich- mehr; "'Chassidismus" gilt heute, ist aber nicht mit ihren Herden von einera Platze zum anderen tige Aeusserungen, welche die Sicherheit des aas einzige. was von Buber zu wissen nottut. wandern und ganz vom mageren Ertrag der Steppe Staates zwar nicht direkt gefaehrden, ihr aber leben. Der '" Ichud " (" Einheit "), die Organisa-. indirekt schaden koennen, unter Strafe stelle, Das Hauptmissverstaendnis seines echten wobei bedauerlicherweise nicht der Staatsanwalt­ wesens bezieht sich nicht auf den Umfang seines tion fuer juedisch arabische Verstaendigung und Versoehnung. greift sofort aktiv ein. leert seine schaft, sondern dem Angeklagten die Beweislast pewaitigen Werkes. das. ohne die Uebersetzungen obliege. n tremde Sprachen. heute etwa siebzig Baende Vereinskasse, um Mehl zu kaufen, das der 7,™ «f*" duerfte. sondern auf sein Verhaeltnis Vorsitzende, Dr. Shimon Schereschewski, Mv )Y"'''l'=hkeit. Alle, die ihn, immer noch, als personlich einem kleinen Beduinen-Stamm zur Militanter Humanisniiis i^ystilcer abtun wollen. bestreiten ihm damit seine Verfuegung stellt. Unter den wenigen Menschen. aiif ^^ 2um gelebten Leben und jeden Einfluss deren Rat vor dieser Aktion eingeholt wurde. Die hier wiedergegebenen fuenf Faelle sind stand Martin Buber an erster Stelle. Er ist der eine kleine Auswahl aus einer langen Liste. Sie ?"t dessen Gestaltung. Buber aber ist ein taetiger Meinung. dass auch der beste Staat der freiwilligen zeigen Ruber als Kaempfer fuer den Frieden im eer H *'^ ""'' wenige in unserer Zeit; er ist Initiative seiner Buerger nicht entraten kann. Sie Lande und in der Welt, als einen militanten Atr -^^ ^'" Zentrum sozialer und politischer hat auch in diesem Falle anspornend und Humanisten. als einen Fuersprecher seines Volkes ohn'^'*n^'" • ""'^ ^^'"^ Theorie dient der Praxis, beschleunigend auf die ofRziellen Stellen gewirkt. nach aussen, als dessen unerschrockenen Kritiker ne allerdings deren nachaeffende Magd zu sein. nach innen, als freiwilligen Anwalt eines Einzel­ prak't^ k*' ^" einem theoretischen und mehreren Bubers Taetigkeit reicht aber weit ueber den nen, dcm seiner Meinung nach Unrecht geschieht. nr„!: •^'^. " Beispielen gezeigt. die miteinander in Kreis des Ichud hinaiis, und nicht immer sind Eine solche Haltung zu wahren und zu bewaehren organischer Verbindung stehen. dessen Mitglieder in ihrer Gesamtheit mit seinen Haltungen und Schritten einverstanden. So war ist, vor allem in heutiger Zeit, kein ledchtes be^'-ff^ ^^r wichtigsten ethischen Lehren Bubers es zum Beispiel im Falle Eichmann. Hier hatte Geschaeft. Sie erklaert teilweise, warum Buber, er d • "• De'"a'"kationslinie". Damit meint bei allem Weltruhm, ein missverslandcner, und der 84 jaehrige keinerlei organisatorische Hilfe, oft einsamer, Mensch hat werden muessen, "'s in jeder Situation neu zu faellende sondern musste die gesamte Kleinarbeit fast allein tun. Es gait, einen reprasentativen Kreis von wollte er sich selbst treu bleiben. Marie von Maennern und Frauen zusammenzubringen, die Ebner-Eschentoach hat es gewusst: "Auf dieser mit ihrer Namensunterschrift eine Eingabe an Welt sitzt der Gerechte zwischen zwei Stuehlen, KELLERGEIST den Praesidenten Israels deckten. Diese bat in jener aber an der Sedte Gottes." durchaus nicht, wie behauptet worden ist. um Bis dahin aber hat es, so hoffen und beten wir, ADVISES A.J.R. READERS " Gnade"' fuer den Verbrecher, der keine Gnade noch sehr viel Zeit. verdiente. VieLmehr wurde dem Praesidenten nahegelegt, die Todesstrafe umzuwandeln, damit die untermenschliche Gestalt des Massenmoerders Israel nicht zwinge, zum ersten—^und hoffentlich letzten—Male in seiner Geschichte einen Galgen zu errichten. Bei dieser, misslungenen. Aktion hat Buber zwar Bundesgenossen gefunden, die ihm in anderen oeffentlichen Fragen ferner stehen, aber er hat diesmal nicht auf all seine sonstigen Mitkaempfer rechnen koennen. Ein Kreis aus Russland stammender, meist orthodoxer Juden organisiert sich, um den Versuch zu machen. die Ausfuehrung der Todesurteile zu verhindern, die in Sowjetrussland, voellig ohne Proportion zu den Tatsachen und den—angeblichen oder wirklichen—Wirtschafts- "to. vergehen vor allem gegen Menschen juedischen Namens verhaengt worden sind. Durch die Frau •SSTl eines Kollegen fuiden sie den Weg zu Buber, der sich sofort ganz einsetzt. Ein Telegramm aii Choose Hallgarten— Khrushchev wird formuliert und von zwei Whether you travel for busi­ anderen weitberuehmten Maennern, Lord Russell ness or to get away from it, und Malraux, mit unterschrieben. Trotz PELTOURS will be elad to Choose Fine Wines vorsichtigster Fassung und sorgfaeltigster Redi- arrange any trip you have in gierung, an der Buber entscheidend mitwirkt, mind. Our individual service bleibt auch dieser Schritt erfolglos. takes care of everything con­ I* )'ou have any difficulty in finding nected with travelling, Die Redaktion eines sehr verbreiteten from passports to travel HALLGARTEN wines, write to us israelischen Abendblattes bittet Buber um ein reservations and hotel Interview ueber das Wesen der Demokratie im bookings and, of course Ask for thom by iiamo! Lande, ihre Vorzuege und Nachteile. Er sagt there is no charge u.a.: " Derjenige Leutnant. der sich bei dem whatever for Che Gemetzel unter arabischer Zivilbevoelkerung bei bcility. ,A.usbruch des Sinai-Feldzuges geweigert hat. den Befehl seiner direkten Vorgesetzten auszufuehren, S. F. & 0. HALLGARTEN hat die israeLische Demokratie gerettet." Man PELTOURS |05p Cnjteh«d Friart. London. E.C 3 darf hinzufuegen, dass wenn Buber mit dieser 29 DUKE ST. LONDON W I K . > It Haltung zu "K'far Kassim " alleine staende, was gluecklicherweise durchaus nicht der Fall ist, dcr Page 8 AJR INFORMATION February, 1963

Menachem Gerson (Kibbuts Hazorea) appointed by our becoming Marxists, and he frankly resented the fact that Freud's psycho­ analytical teachings had a deep influence on our orientation, especially in educational matters. The result was a mutual estrangement which lasted for ENCOUNTER WITH MARTIN BUBER many years. Our renewed encounter with Martin Buber is in It was in the late 'twenties. The Germany He emphasised the almost redeeming importance the main an encounter with a great Israeli citizen. of Weimar was on the brink of overcoming the of being anchored in direct and open relations to Buber has never been an organised member of a disasters of a lost war and of inflation. .A rich a " Thou "—a human as well as a divine one. political party, but he has always held strong culture with endless promise of elation was It was out of this longing of the modern isolated political opinions. He was always firmly opposed embracing bourgeois youth. This youth was individual, living in an estranged world, for an to any policy which was based' on mere power unaware of social limits, it grew up with a addressable " Thou" that Bub^r's religious feel­ politics and lacked broad human vision. When, grand feeling of freedom. But there were some ings appealed to us youngsters. His rehgious after 2.000 years of statelessness, the amazing for whom this boundless freedom became burden­ belief had nothing to do with institutionalised achievement of a Jewish State intoxicated many some ; they felt a lack of obligation and of destiny religion, nor with any sort of orthodoxy. It Israeli politicians with almost Messianic hopes in life. Individual achievement as the highest seemed to be the highest and purest impression and created a kind of cult of the new State, Buber value in life seemed to them empty and stale. of a feeling of destiny in life, and of a know­ was not taken in by that cult. He kept his They felt that the old belief of liberalism had ledge that life was shaped not by individual political realism awake and did not share the failed in the crisis of war and revolution. endeavours and strivings alone. Buber taught illusion of almost unlimited possibilities which us his creed through his interpretation of Chassid­ many enthusiasts ascribed to the new State. Both ism, and it was thus essentially bound up with his political realism and his deep humanism had Message to Jewish Youth the realisation of communal life. Buber's philo­ in the early days of Zionism induced him to take sophy was for us by no means a high-sounding a clearly defined stand concerning the Arab ques­ intellectual play. It was a clarion call for It was to this Jewish youth that Martin Buber tion ; he never ceased to demand a more active realisation. Being at that time a personal disciple Zionist (and later. Israeh) policy, directed towards addressed himself. He became the spokesman of Buber, I viewed my educational and ideological and teacher of Jewish youth on the lookout. He an understanding between the two peoples. Small work in the Werkleute Movement as an attempt wonder that he is today a stout opponent of believed in youth: " Youth is mankind's eternal to prepare the ground for the realisation of his military law existing in some Arab parts of Israel. chance of fortune." Yet he knew too that youth teachings in the framework of communal life. was not an end in itself, that it could fulfil its It was under these auspices that in 1934 we promise only as an " instrument of realisation ". set out for the foundation of the Werkleute Martin Buber is an ardent supporter of every He taught assimilated Jewish youth in Germany Kibbutz Hazorea in Israel. cause for human rights and for democracy in to understand its Jewishness as meaningful. Of Israel. As an octogenarian he took an active course, his was not the liberal Judaism, not the part in the Lavon Affair which, two years ago. shallow Jewishness of two festivals during the was the Shibboleth in the struggle for true Israeli whole year, nor the orthodox conservation of an Realities of Kibbutz democracy. He has estaTilished for himself a ancient law. It was not even Zionism in its usual world-wide reputation as a religious philosopher sense, as a purely political movement. It was and is today certainly one of the most famous In those days the reality of founding a Kibbutz Jews. But his fame in many spiritual spheres has a Judaism which demanded from its adherents in Israel was quite different from our dreams and self-education and self-realisation, opening up for never caused him to seclude himself in the ivory expectations. Physical work in a hot climate, tower of pure philosophy. His astonishing erudi­ them an historic vista of value. " hidden Judaism " defence against Arab threats, the devotion of every tion in the world of letters has never drawn him ('• unterirdisches Judentum ">—from the Prophets shred of our mental and physical energy to to an approach of art for art's sake. In the and Essenes to the Kabbalists and Chassidim. colonisation—these were the harsh realities of our centre of his Weltanschauung stands the universal He taught us to regard present-day realisation of life in the ancient homeland. They sharpened concern with the realisation of values. That is Zionism as the newest link in this golden chain. our sense of realism and made us suspicious of why he has taken a clear stand in Israel's political Buber's nationalism was not a particularistic high-sounding ideologies which could not show and social problems. In this sphere we have met one. and nothing was more alien to his mind than an immediate bearing on day-to-day life. There again as alhes in a common cause. Jewish chauvinism. His was a Judaism which were several factors in our life which changed entailed a profound humanism. In contrast to and reshaped our outlook and with it our approach both extremes, individualism and collectivism, he to Buber's teachings. It is difficult to describe preached a community life centred around a com­ the influence on our group of building up, of Debt of Gratitude mon belief and based on a deep appreciation of conquering a virgin land, without sounding the individual. He expected this true community romantic. Yet we are dealing with hard facts life to become " the Sinai of the future". The which we took in our stride, without undue senti­ Hazorea is certainly not the only Kibbutz in high evaluation of communal living was part mentalism. and parcel of Buber's philosophy concerning the Israel whose foundation was influenced by Buber's living dialogue between the " I " and " Thou ", In opening up a wilderness which man had not social philosophy. The whole of the Kibbutz which was his deepest contribution to the over­ entered for centuries, in ploughing and convert­ Movement has a debt of gratitude to his stimulat­ coming of a detached individualism. ing barren land into cornfields, we felt a great ing thinking. Yet, in retrospect, it is not difficult pride, a deep belief in the constructive power of to discern ^he special effect of Buber's teachings man. It was a kind of Promethean emotion which on the development of Kibbutz Hazorea which took possession of us. It was the very opposite began under his direct influence: even in its early of that humble feeling of dependence which, back days, in the period of hardship and want, Hazorea in Germany, had formed the fertile basis for showed great regard for the needs of the Ackermans our religious inclinations. Furthermore, we had individual, and took them very seriously. We are founded a Kibbutz while in our ears was resound­ quite certain that this is one of the reasons for ing Buber's saying of " communal life as the Hazorea's success as a Kibbutz^and we are Sinai of the future". With the absolutism of equally certain that this approach to the individual young people we had interpreted his teachings is a direct result of Buber's teaching. Chocolates on direct human relations in a rather over- optimistic way. We had expected that communal Meeting Buber today it is almost impossible De Luxe to believe that he is now eighty-five years old, so life would bring out only positive attitudes in the enchanting is his conversation, so broad are his IN BEAUTIFULLY members of our Kibbutz: mutual help, companion­ ship, friendship and human warmth. Reality interests, and so striking is his mental alertness. DESIGNED Meeting him one meets with deep respect a taught us that communal living does not do away sublime realisation of personahty: the victory of PRESENTATION with ambition and aggression, narrow-mindedness a great mind over a fragile body. BOXES and indifference towards one another. We felt disappointed and we blamed our dis­ appointment on Buber. who had painted too rosy MARZIPAN a picture of communal living and had not pre­ pared us for its complexities. Many of his critics Gorta Radiovision SPECIALITIES had voiced the opinion that his was not the real world, that it was rather an intellectual fool's Service BAUMKUCHEN paradise. Now they seemed to be right. And (Member R.T.R.A.) I there is no harsher criticism of a philosophy which is centred around realisation than of the 13, Frognal Parade, 43. KENSINGTON CHURCH ST.. philosophy itself not being true to reality. Maybe that in this revolt there were some elements of Fmchley Road, N.W.3 LONDON. W.« the resentment which the young adult feels towards SALES REPAIRS WES 4359 and the illusions of his childhood while he is struggling Agents for Bush, Pye, Philips, to become fully immersed in reality. Maybe that Grundig, etc. 9, GOLDHURST TERRACS, in this situation the very fact that someone was Refrigerators, Washing-Machincs Stocked FTNCHLEY KOAD. N.W.6 one's teacher or leader breeds impatience and ,Wr. Gort will always be pleased to intolerance towards him. On the other hand. MAI 2742 advise you. Buber himself was not very tolerant towards (HAM. 8635) our new spiritual development. He was dis- AJR INFORMATION February, 1963 Page 9 Herbert Freeden Old Acquaintances DIE BANNMEILE This and That: Hans Winge. of Vienna's Die Presse, has discovered what is probably the only existing Karl Kraus film, produced on his 60th birthday in 1934 by Karl Jaray, with an introduc­ Reminiszenz zum 30. Jahrestage des 30. Januar 1933 tion by V. A. Blum.—Kurt Jooss, who hved in England during the war, presented the 3,000th performance of his famous " The Green Table " in Essen.—Hermann Krehan-Crayon is designing Als der 30. Januar 1933. ein Montag. kalt und Ich konnte bald feststellen, dass diese Bemer­ ihe decors for " Faust ' and " La Boheme" in ijgnerisch uber Berlin kam. war Deutschlands kung aus einem Gedicht von Johannes R. Becher Braunschweig and Wuppertal.—Felix G. Gerstman. ^jeschick bereits entschieden. Die Nationalen stammte, das am gleichen Tag—dem letzten ihres the Vienna-born impresario, received the golden natten gegen den Kanzlergeneral Schleicher Erscheinens—in der '" Roten Fahne " abgedruckt " Ehrenzeichen " from the city of Vienna in New ^nwenkung gemacht (grotesk war. dass ihn nur war. York.—Robert Gilbert adapted the American noch die demokratische Presse stiitzte). und nach Vor Mosse's " 8 Uhr Abendblatt" trennten wir musical, " Carnival ". for a German production at W "'x*^^" Monaten war die Stellung des " Star- uns und nahmen uns vor, als gewissenhafte Repor­ Ken Mannes," dem man diktatorische Plane zuge- Ziirich's Stadttheater.—Leonard Steckel will pro­ ter nicht beim Fackelzug zu fehlen. duce " Much Ado About Nothing" at Israel's iraut hatte, isoliert und erschuttert. So geschah Waher V.. Chef des Feuilletons, sah kaum auf, «, dass der hochofiizielle "Presseball" am vor- Chamber Theatre.—Kurt R. Grossmann, of New als ich in sein Biiro trat. Auf seinem Schreibtisch York, spoke about Carl von Ossietzky at the Berlin nergehenden Samstag in nervoser Atmosphare, lag auf geschlagen " Mein Kampf ". zum ersten Mal ohne die .\nwesenheit eines Regie- Jewish Community Centre. ningschef stattgefunden hatte—denn der Kanzler " Die neue Bibel" bemerkte ich, nur um etwas war noch in jener Nacht zuriickgetreten. zu sagen. Milestones: Erich Drombowski. formerly on the j'vber der Redakteur lachelte nicht, nicht einmal staff of the Berliner Tageblatt and now co-director ^"L^nntag voller Kontroversen, Konferenzen aus Hoflichkeit. "Was gibt's ?" fragte er. of the Frankfurter Allgemeine, became 80 years of no Kompromisse lag dazwischen. Als ich am Ich bracbte ihm ein Interview mit der Souf- age. After the First World War, under the pen- Montag Vormittag in die Stadt fuhr, begegnete fleuse Max Reinhardts. Er nahm es und sagte. name of Johannes Fischart, he wrote profiles of en am Wittenbergplatz Rittweger, einem nicht- ohne es anzusehen, " Schon." Es sass da wie ein politicians in Weltbuehne.—Dr. Will Grohmann. juaischen Kollegen aus dem Ulisteinhaus. Mensch. den ein furchtbarer Schicksalsschlag doyen of the German art critics, celebrated his Kittweger begriisste mich schon von weitem mit getroffen hat, blass, zerknittert. Es schien mir 75th birthday.—Viktor Skutezky, who began his ausgestrecktem Arm und rief "Heil". frivol davon zu sprechen, dass ich funf Conferen- career as assistant to E. A. Dupont before he '• H-^^ '^' '°^ ^ fragle ich. noch uninformiert. ciers Ober " Neue Wege des Kabaretts" befragt became a successful film producer in London, will . Hitler ist Reichskanzler geworden. Ich hatte und dabei war. ihm einen Artikel iiber be 70 on February 16th ; he is author of " Kleines tramiere ". " Hochstapler in der Literatur " zu liefern. Ich Glueck auf der Wieden ".—Dancer Harald Kreutz­ w U-Bahnen fuhren auf die Minute punktlich fragte nur : "Wie lange, glauben Sie, wird es berg and actor Werner Hinz both turned 60 years 'f 'mmer; unter den Verkehrsampein flutete dauem ?'" of age.—Otto Lehmann-Ruessbueldt, lifelong paci­ run-gelb-rot ordnungsgemass die Strasse ; selbst V. zuckte miide die Achsein. " Ich bin kein fist and founder of the " Liga fuer Menschen­ 2'?,, ^rse zo.a leicht an. Hitler ist Reichskanzler Hellseher ". Dann schwiegen wir. rechte '". became 90; he lived as a refugee in fim"!^ • Warum fielen die einen einander nicht Vieileicht tat es ihm leid. so kurz gewesen zu London and returned to Berlin after the war.— um den Hals ? Warum streikten nicht die sein und er fiigte hinzu : "Als wir 1914 an die Franz Schoenberner, a former editor of Jugend anderen ? Front zogen, hiess es, Weihnachten ist der Krieg and Simplizissimus, became 70 years in New York. Rittweger war unverwiistlicher Laune. " Trep- zu Ende. Weihnachten wurden wir wieder zuhause \^iT''^ ''er Weltgeschichte ! In ein paar Monaten sein. Es hat Jahre gedauert, Jahre ''. Randolph Churchill on Vicky: " Vicky is a «„, ^^° davon als einem historischen Kuriosum Hart und schwer hing das langgezogene Wort genius ", writes Randolph S. Churchill in a fore­ ''Prechen I" im Zimmer, wie ein Klageruf. word to Vicky's collected cartoons from the V"** was wurde aus der Presse werden ? Abends stand ich mit Rittweger auf dem Pariser Evening Standard. He continues: "I have small mus'^'^ darauf wusste er eine Antwort. "Natiirlich Platz. Die Quadriga des Brandenburger Tors patience with those who say that a foreigner such kom ™^" ^^^^ vorderhand vorsehen. vielleicht raste im Licht der Scheinwerfer. Wir standen. as Vicky, who has accepted the hospitality of our rneh"'-? ^"*^^ ^ etwas wie eine Zensur. Aber je allein und umhergestossen. umbrandet vom Sieges- shores and has acquired British nationality, has no l„meh / r •^^'tunge7 • '^n verbotetiwas nw i werden. desto m<' rausch einer ungeheuren Menge. Die Spannung right to ' rot' British politicians. Vicky is a loyal ]o/h^a ^^"^•^eitunge" ''^aputn verbote. Unnd werdenje meh. rdest Verlago mehe rkapu Ver-t der Menschen war zum Reissen spiirbar. Die subject of the Queen and his message is highly Eeh/. ^^ " '^^P^t- Und je mehr Verlage kaput Lastautos der republikanischen Polizei nahten. kann • • u^'^ ™^'"' Arbeitslose gibt es. und die serviceable to our country. He proudly calls him­ Berittene Schupos folgten. Dann kamen die ersten self a Socialist; but unhke so many native-born Pin. ^'*^" ''^'"e Regierung leisten, nicht einmal braunen Uniformen. die blutrote Fahne mit dem ^'J'^f unter Hitler". schwarzen Hakenkreuz auf weissem Feld voran. Socialists, he is not a ' silly billy '. More power to Eeml\ ^'^''*° '^t '''s ganze liberale Presse tot- Alles hob den Arm zum Gruss. Ein gigantisches his brain, his spirit, his elbow and his fingers." R't^ worden ". gab ich zu bedenken. " Heil " brauste die Linden entlang und weit in Da w ^^^- '^^^^'e"* geringschatzig. " Italien I der Tiergarten hinein, halite am Potsdamer Platz Obituary: Fritz Wisten, director of East Ger­ Eelae '^^^ ja die Machtverhaltnisse ganz anders wider und brach sich am Reichstagsufer der Spree. many's Volksbuehne. has died in Berlin at the age schla "• ^'^ italienische Demokratie war ver- Das Licht der Fackeln gab den Gesichtem eine of 72. He was born in Vienna and, until 1933, was zwic^u''''' ^^' ^n^ steht die Kraftegruppierung umheimliche Bewegung. Vom Gleichschritt der for twelve years a member of the Stuttgart theatre. "17 J* ^^'^^^ ""^ ••°''s fiinfzig und funfzig". stampfenden Schritte drohnte die Erde. Was tags When the Nazis came to power he joined the ich H *^^ *"'*' ^"^ ^^^ Juden werden ?" spann nur eme Nachricht war. wurde hier Wirklichkeit : Jewish " Kulturbund ", in whose work he took a Die SA zog durchs Brandenburger Tor. leading part as an actor and producer until the ^^oas Gesprach weiter. theatre was closed in 1941. He survived the last Da k^ ^'^'^ nicht so heiss gegessen wie gekocht. Die Gewalt der Stunde war zermalmend. Wir years of the Nazi regime under great hardship. mit H Koahtion mit den Deutschnationalen. standen und sprachen kein Wort. Dann meinte After the hberation in 1945 he" resumed his Na^lc k^u"''*''^ """^ d«'' Schwerindustrie. Die Rittweger : " Wir haben versagt, wir haben furcht- theatrical activities. The first drama he produced zu I6s " ° Wichtigeres zu tun als die Judenfrage bar versagt. Wir sind Besiegte. Was tut ein in the reopened Deutsche Theater was Lessing's ten".- '^ Zimmerstrasse trafen wir einen Bekann- Besiegter im Angesicht des Eroberers ? Wenn er " Nathan der Weise ", the same play with which, an'p- *" kleinen. hurtigen Mann, Lokalreporter feige ist, kapituliert er. Ist er ein Kerl, macht twelve years before, he had started his work with ..iyiem kommunistischen Morgenblatt. er sich einen Kopf kiirzer. Sie als Jude sind vor the " Kulturbund ".—Hedi Bois, the wife of Curt dip tf"'* abend ist Fackelzug ", rief er uns iiber einer Gefahi sicher : Sie konnen nicht kapitu- Bois, has died in Berlin. Prior to her marriage, marc^i"^^^^^ zu. "Die SA und der Stahlhelm lieren ". she was a well-known soubrette. under the name hei^,^'*""^",, durchs Brandenburger Tor zu Wil- Unaufhorlich zogen die Kolonnen vorbei. of Hedi Uri.—Dr. Josef Falkenberg, the lawyer of Tmmer wieder ertonten Kommandorufe. Von der the Association of German Authors, has died in zuHi?]?^ geht doch garnicht" gab Rittweger Wilhelmstrasse her drohnten Fanfaren. Ueber Berhn at the age of 81. in dipl, °"° wirklich entriistet, " das fallt doch die verstopften Strassen drangte die Menge dorthin. DP ^V"*"^'^*- ^^ ^'"'^ ''eine Umzuge erlaubt". Rittweger nahm meinen Ajm. Dunkel und ruhig Germany: Ludwig Koerner may become presi­ er 5J ^'e'ne zuckte mit den Schultern. als ob lag der Tiergarten. Wir gingen nachhause. Sehr dent of Berlin's Buehnenklub, founded in 1901.— schre> " '^'^ Verantwortnung fiir das Ueber- langsam gingen wir. Auf der Charlottenburger Tilla Durieux has successfully starred in " 80 im stram ''er Bannmeile durch politische Demon- Chaussee lagen fortgeworfene, ausgebrannte Schatten" at Berlin's Hebbel-Theater.—Willy durchc^D^"" sich schutteln woUte. "Wenn wir Fackeln. Manche glimmten noch. Vorboten der Fritsch's son, Thomas, is already a film star play­ BorJ prandenburger Tor marschieren. wird die Flamme einer Revolution, die furchtbar und ing in " Schwarz-weiss-rotes Himmelbett ".—Heinz ^ nicht anziehen " rief er noch. todlich iiber Deutschland aufsteigen sol'lte. Ruehmann appeared in " Hauptmann von Koe­ penick " in Munich.—Walter Rilla produced Thornton Wilder's " Das lange Weihnachtsmahl " for TV in Baden-Baden.—Helge Roswaenge sang Offenbach's " Banditen " in Bremen.—Lotte Werk- meister. who lives in East Germany, is 70 years EDGAR ELECTRICAL ud old.—Lil Dagover played " Leocardia " at Ham­ burg's Kammerspiele.—Gerda Maurus appeared in CONTRACTORS and SUPPLIERS lonesco's " Fussgaenger der Luft" in Dilsseldorf. MILL LANE, N.W6 HAM 8000 PEM Page 10 AJR INFORMATION February, 1963

Dr. Rudolf R, Levy (Holon, Israel) In the meantime agricultural and industrial pro­ duction has increased considerably, and the attain­ ment and expansion of exports on both the agri­ cultural and industrial side has become a matter of urgent necessity, despite immigration and rising living standards. ISRAEL AND THE COMMON MARKET Since about 30% of Israel's total exports now go to E.E.C. countries, she clearly had to adopt Before leaving for Brussels to take part in the In 1961 the six E.E.C. countries delivered 30.3% measures to meet the threatened dangers of the negotiations with the Common Market Com­ (29% in 1960) of the total imports of Israel, Common Market tariff policy. Thus Israel was one munity (E.E.C.), Israel's Finance Minister, Levi amounting to $586,348,000 in 1961 ($502,678,000 of the first countries to establish a mission at Eshkol, declared that the discussions then being in 1960), and 54.5% (54.5% in 1960) of the imports E.E.C. in Brussels. held between Israel's representatives and the from Europe ($330,049,000 in 1961, $267,868,000 in It was clear that far-reaching changes in Israel's European Economic Community were of funda­ I960). The individual countries contributed as economy would result both from the raising of the mental importance for Israel's economy and, follows: E.E.C. tariff wall and from the eventuality that furthermore, that he expected a comprehensive and 1960 1961 negotiations with E.E.C. would lead to the lower­ dynamic alteration in Israel's trade with the Euro­ Thousands 9f dollars ing or suspension of certain E.E.C. import duties. pean market. German Federal Republic 71.934 84,808 For, as a counter-consideration to the proposed France 25.425 46,803 opening of the E.E.C. market, Israel would have The dispatch of the Israeli delegation to Brussels Holland 23.459 23,813 was the result of a decision, taken by the Council Italy 13,654 13,925 to start by suspending her restrictions on imports of Ministers of E.E.C. after long preliminary Belgium 11,383 11,249 from abroad. negotiations, to enter into discussions with Israel. Luxembourg 105 432 Accordingly, in explaining his programme oD Nothing was said about the object of such dis­ Totals 145.960 181,030 February 9th, 1962, Israel's Finance Minister, Levi Eshkol, announced that, apart from establishing an cussions nor about the form of Israel's link with The most important articles that Israel imports exchange rate of three Israeli pounds for one E.E.C. from the various E.E.C. countries are: Membership of E.E.C. does not arise since dollar, the system of varying exchange rates and Article 237 of the Treaty of Rome stipulates that from the German Federal Republic: raw dia­ export premiums would be suspended, as well as onlv European States can be accepted as members. monds, iron and steel, copper, machines the gradual suspension of taxes on imports, pro­ " Association ", as it is called, according to Article (especially for the textile and metal industries), tective duties and administrative limitation of 238, requires the unanimous vote of the Council. tools, chemicals, automobiles, ships ; imports. These measures have to a great extent Articles 13Iff. only envisage the association of the from France: hides, iron, machines (especially been put into effect in the meantime, and the Israeli overseas possessions of Belgium, France, Italy and for the foodstuffs industry), nylon yarn, ships ; Government has shown thereby that this liberalisa­ Holland. Apart from such territories, only Greece from Holland: fatty acids, raw rubber, raw dia­ tion was not a mere declaration but formed the has so far become associated. As far as Israel is monds, acetate yarn, chemicals ; basis of the country's trade policy. concerned, the close relationships involved in an from Italy: iron and steel, copper and bronze Without doubt the liberalisation of external trade association was ruled out by political and economic machines (especially for the textile industry); will have far-reaching effects on Israel's economy, considerations, although some E.E.C. members from Belgium: wool, raw diamonds, iron, zinc. especially on industry, although its full extent will mav have been prepared to establish it. In this Should Great Britain join E.E.C., the depen­ not be visible until the E.E.C. negotiations have connection the attitude of the Arab States with dence of Israel's exports on this economic group been completed and agreement reached on the their anti-Israel boycott policy may have not been would be even more marked. various categories of goods. However, it is clear without influence ; however, this aspect was ulti­ The figures in respect of Israel's import and even now that there will be need for greater efl[i- mately disregarded by the E.E.C. Ministers. In expwrt trade with Great Britain show the following ciency. cheaper costs of production, realistic price some quarters it was suggested that Israel should picture : structures and acceptable delivery dates. On the wait until Great Britain had entered; but a more 1960 1961 other hand, any attempt to adapt too quickly important consideration that emerged from the Thousands of dollars to meet the demands of E.E.C. and the world Imports from Great Britain 59,344 80.090 market might have serious consequences, in par­ discussion was the fact that Israel would be the Exports to Great Britain 36,079 35,756 first non-European State with which an agreement ticular it might lead to the closing down of certain was reached and that very careful thought would Israel's most important imports from Great industrial concerns. It will, therefore, be necessary therefore have to be given to the effect of this on Britain were: to allow a considerable period of adjustment, future interested parties. Various problems are tea, raw rubber, wool tops, lubricating oils, possibly several years, during which Israel's still also bound to arise from the fact that both the chemicals, raw diamonds, steel, motors young industry can set about adapting its activities E.E.C. countries and Israel are members of (especially for aircraft), machines (especially and calculations to the new situation. GATT ("General Agreement on Tariff and for the textile industry), cable, radio com­ The first phase in the negotiations between Israel Trade"). ^ ^ . ponents, automobiles and spares, aircraft com­ and E.E.C. ended at the beginning of December, Finally, the Ministers of the Six agreed that, in ponents, books. 1962. The E.E.C. negotiating committee did not accordance with Article HI of the Treaty of Rome, use this first round to arrive at any definte con­ negotiations could be started between E.E.C. and The main exports to Great Britain were: clusions, but merely obtained from the Israeli dele­ Israel about their future commercial relations. eggs ($1.3 million), oranges ($13.8 million), gates details about Israel's foreign trade and The great importance that the E.E.C. countries grapefruit ($2.1 million), worked diamonds ($4 especially about the effect of the tariff walls of the have for Israel's foreign trade can be seen from the million), textiles and clothing. E.E.C. countries on various articles exported by following official figures (Israel's Foreign Trade Israel's imports from Greece, associated in Israel. It will only become apparent during the [1%1]. Central Bureau of Statistics, Special Series accordance with Article 238 of the Treaty of Rome, further negotiations that are due to start in No. 132, Jerusalem, 1962): amounted to $1,955,000 in 1961 ($1,074,000 in February, 1963, whether E.E.C. will meet the Israel's exports to the six E.E.C. countries in I960), and exports to that country $5,142,000 in wishes of the Israeli negotiators for a compre­ 1961 amounted to 21.9% (29.8% in 1960) of 1961 ($3,249,000 in 1960). hensive settlement or will limit itself to diverting her total exports of $245,280,000 in 1961 Imports from Greece mainly consisted of tobacco the threat caused by E.E.C. to Israel's most ($216,605,000 in 1960) and 45.4% (45.8% in 1960) and cotton ; exports to there were primarily made important export products. of her exports to Europe ($152,065,000 in 1961, up of motor-car tyres, cement, pharmaceuticals, $137,874,000 in 1960). boxes and plywood. Israel's exports were divided among the indi­ The trade with overseas territories associated vidual O.E.E.C. countries as follows; under Article 131 has so far been relatively unim­ lan.-Scpt. portant, but is likely to develop as a result of 1960 1961 1961 1962 Israel's increasing activity in Africa. Thouiands ot dollars In general it may be seen that the number of German Federal Republic 21.107 24.800 20,039 21,702 Belgium 13,364 15,047 9,924 8,453 different articles exported to E.E.C. countries is Holland 12,414 12,843 8,455 9,982 large compared with the actual amounts delivered. Italy 10,578 12,067 8,366 7.855 The Israeli team presented a list of no fewer than France 4,479 4,677 3,025 3,827 0 3 6 5 150 different categories on which tariff negotiations Luxembourg were desired. It has. however, become apparent Totals 61,942 69,437 49,815 51.824 that the list will have to be limited to a smaller Israel's most important export articles were: number of articles that are of real importance for Israel's exports. to the Federal German Republic: eggs ($1.3 Israel's approach to E.E.C. was heralded by million), oranges ($5.2 million), grapefruit, the devaluation decree of February 9th. 1962, fruit juices, soya bean oil, textiles, pohshed which was linked to a comprehensive plan for diamonds ($2.8 million); liberalising the country's economy. In its early to Belgium: oranges, polished diamonds ($11.5 days the young State needed a protectionist policy, million); since the development of the country's productive to Holland: oranges ($2.7 million), soya bean capacity had to be expedited ; in this the Histadnith oil, artificial fertilisers, polished diamonds undertook an important entrepreneur's r61e. ($4.5 million); Furthermore, there was the stream of immigrants, to France: oranges, grapefruit, ground nuts, consisting of very varied human material, which preparations for seed and plant disinfestation, had to be absorbed and integrated into the economy polished diamonds ($1.3 million); and, finally, great emphasis had to be laid on to Italy: eges ($7.2 million), soya bean oil, bro­ security considerations in view of the geopolitical mine, artificial fertilisers. situation of the country. AJR INFORMATION February. 1963 Page 11

richten recalled his words " Dreihundert Jahre Heimatrecht auf eigenem Grund wiegen schwerer Birthday Tributes als achtzehn Jahre Emigration". And to the writer of these lines, Picard, in a confident mood, RABBI DR. HUGO HAHN 70 " American Federation of Jews from Central quoted the remark of the American Elder States­ Europe". and takes an active part in the work man, Bernard Baruch : " If somebody speaks On January 14, Rabbi Dr. Hugo Hahn, New of the American section of the Leo Baeck about age. I am thinking always of people who >^ork, celebrated his 70th birthday. His activities Institute. are 15 years older than I am." May Jacob Picard nave never been restricted to the tasks arising We sincerely wish that Hugo Hahn, who, in remain faithful to this arithmetic. irom his vocation, but his interests, or rather 1955, suffered a severe blow through the tragic E.G.L. (Frankfurt a.M.). ambitions, have always gone further afield. Thus, death of his beloved wife and helpmate, may be /^ "°f °u]y has he to his credit, achievements in the granted health and strength for many years to RABBI DR. A. KAHLBERG 80 neld of Jewish scholarship, but Jewish intellectual come. This is the ardent desire of his numerous and political life have also benefited from his friends on both sides of the Atlantic. Rabbi Dr. Albert Kahlberg will shortly celebrate outstanding organisational gifts. ^.^ E. G. LOWENTHAL. his 80th birthday. For nearly 30 years he had Unly a short while ago, his leading part in the held the office of rabbi to the Jewish community work of the "Verband juedischer Jugendvereine JACOB PICARD 80 at Halle/Saale. His profound Jewish knowledge ueutschlands" was recalled by Professor Dr. and his inspiring sermons earned him the respect Herbert Strauss (New York) in a comprehensive The author, Jacob Picard, who now lives in and affection of his congregants, and especially "^i^y on that youth movement, published in the New York, celebrated his SOth birthday on during the dark years of the Hitler period he lyol Year Book of the Leo Baeck Institute. January 11. proved a pillar of strength. He, too. had to suffer •Jr. Hahn was also a Board member of the His latest work, a collection of his lyrical the horrors of Buchenwald concentration camp, ^entral-Verein and associated with the German poems, was published under the title '" Der and after his release he found refuge in Sweden. section of the Jewish Agency. By the time the Uhrenschlag" in 1960 (Verlag Eremitenpresse, For a number of years he served a small congre­ n/^K '^"'"e to power he had become one Stierstadt/T.). Shortly before, in the 1959 Year gation at Gothenburg, and after the war he was w the national leaders of German Jewry. His Book of the Leo Baeck Institute, Picard wrote an repeatedly invited to preach in Hanover on Holy- snare in the foundation of the " Reichsvertretung " autobiographical sketch of his childhood in a days. He now lives in retirement in Hamburg, and s recorded in the—unpublished—memoirs of the South German village. Together with Hermann his many friends wish him health and strength for spif I:''" ^™^' Herzfeld, of Essen, and Hahn him- Kasack, he was also the editor of lyric poems by the vears to come. seit tias described the creation of this representa- Gertrud Kolmar (Chodziesner). His story " Der R.C. fn n^ °^ German Jewry in the Festschrift Gezeichnete" (1936), describing the life of the Dubr h ^'^S^"ed Moses which has just been Jewish villagers in Southern Germany and their DR. FRANZ KOBLER 80 friendly contacts with their Gentile environment, *f^"8o Hahn was born in Tiengen (Suedbaden). was excellently translated into English by the late The historian Dr, Franz Kobler recently cele­ r>ff 1. ™8 ''eld an appointment as a rabbi in Ludwig Lewisohn, under the heading " The brated his SOth birthday in Berkeley (Calif.). Prior ^nenburg until 1922, he received a "call" to Marked One ". to his emigration, he practised as a lawyer in c.ssen (Ruhr). There he worked for 17 years Picard was born in Wangen (Badenia) on the Vienna, but at the same time always took an active .' . extraordinary success. The " House of the Untersee. After the First World War, during interest in sociological and historical questions. His wr'^^n Youth", designed by the architect, Erich which he saw active service, he practised as a main contribution to Jewish historiography are his p^ehohn. was erected during that period. lawyer, first in Constance, and, from 1925 collections of Jewish letters, of which he puWished in New York, where he emigrated in 1939, onwards, in Cologne, where he was also Syndikus several volumes, first in German and later on in ,j!^^3s one of the founders of the "Congrega- of the " Schutzverband deutscher Schriftsteller". English. At present, as a Fellow of the American sinr •^''onim ", whose spiritual head he has been At the same time he also wrote for the leading Section of the Leo Baeck Institute. Dr. Kobler is anH K"* inception. By his vigorous personality German newspapers. After 1933, in Berlin, he working on a comprehensive Jewish history in sue '.f ^^!"ty of inspiring his fellow men he has was a contributor to Jewish papers and periodi­ letters. During the war, when he lived in England, of '^f^'^ 'n developing this Liberal congregation cals, such as the C.V.-Zeitung, the Juedische Dr. Kobler was a Board member of the AJR. I refugees into a widely recognised centre of Rundschau and Der Morgen. which wishes him many years to come of successful ••ewish life. He is also a Board member of the When he became 75. the Stultgarter Nach- scholary work.

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Telephone: LANgham 314* Tel.: LANgham 3264/0878 (P.B.X.) Telegrams: Sibisch. London London W.l Intemational Telex: London 2-3540 Grams.: FLEXATEX LONDON, TELEX. INT. TELEX 2-3540 Page 12 AJR INFORMATION February, 1963 OBITUARY DR. WILLY BRUNSWIC Dr. Willy Brunswic, who, for many years, took a ' DR. ALEXANDER GUTTMANN was elected to the Reichstag as a Social Democrat leading part in the work for German Jews in Deputy. He became Reich Minister of Economics France, passed away in Paris in his 77th year. Dr. Alexander Guttmann, the Director of the in the first Republican Government and was later United Restitution Office in Cologne, recently Prior to his emigration to France. Dr. Brunswic Minister of Labour in Mueller-Franken's lived in Heidelberg, where he worked as a radio­ died after a serious illness. He belonged to the Cabinet. He was the expert on social matters small number of German lawyers who had passed in the Reichstag and was also active as an arbitra­ logist ; he was also the President of the South their examinations with distinction. He success­ German Association of Radiologists. In 1938 he tor in labour disputes. was entrusted by Self-Help in U.S.A, to look after fully established himself as a lawyer in Berlin During the Hitler period all public activity and gained wide experience. From London, the welfare of the Jewish refugees in France. Under was impossible for Rudolf Wissell, and he busied great difficulties he founded a home in Idron where he had found refuge in 1939, he returned himself intensively with his research into the to the German Federal Republic at the end of history of the artisan guilds in the Middle Ages. (Pyrenees), where many old inmates of the 1953. Until June 30th, 1954, he worked in Bonn He had already begun this research as a wander­ infamous Gurs Camp found a refuge. One of his at the Bundesministerium des Innern and partici­ ing trade journeyman in earliest youth, and it greatest achievements was the rescue of children of pated in the preparation of the law for the crystallised in his magnificent, unique work " Des Rivesaltes Camp. These children were enabled to " Regelung der Wiedergutmachung national­ alten Handwerks Recht und Gewohnheit". He leave for the U.S.A. and they were spared the fate sozialistischen Unrechts fuer Angehorige des had already had an honorary doctorate in econo­ of their parents, who were deported and perished. ceffentlichen Dienstes". He not only received mic and political science conferred on him in After the war the Old Age Home was transferred appreciation, respect and high esteem from the 1929 by the University of Kiel, for this piece of from Idron to Blois and ultimately to Annet-sur- Ministry but, beyond that, friendship and affec­ research. Marne. where it now provides accommodation for tion from high officials and colleagues. 50 residents. In all his activities Dr. Brunswic had His little house in Tempelhof, which sheltered the co-operation of his wife, Mrs. Claire Brunswic. On July 1st, 1954, he took over the manage­ valuable art treasures of the Middle Ages, ment of the office of the United Restitution was a place of refuge during the Hitler period a most active social worker in her own right. We Organisation in Cologne. He made great for the outlawed. Here he received people whom extend our sincerest sympathy to her and her demands on his colleagues, because he made the he valued, Jews and Christians, friends in the family. utmost demands on himself, and because he wore party and others. In the same way after the war himself out in the work for the restoration of the he championed the persecutees of the Nazi regime law. by word and deed, always deeply sympathetic and When I visited him at the end of October in severely condemnatory when injustice occurred. / HUGO SONNENBERG hospital, he insisted, with stoic composure, on His tall, upright figure, flowing beard and thick discussing with me the problems of compensation hair, kindly eyes and sonorous voice, gave him and of the future organisation of the offices. He the appearance of a patriarch from the previous On December 1st, 1962, one of the oldest and was an example of one who fulfilled his duty century. He had a well-stocked memory and best-known German-Jewish refugees in the Swiss until the last moment. could recall the days of the Emperor Frederick. Cottage district, Mr. Hugo Sonnenberg, died in F. GOLDSCHMIDT. Wilhelm Liebknecht, August Bebel and many his SSth year. He was bom in Wetzlar and, after other contemporaries. And yet his feet were a high-school education, joined his father's firm / RUDOLF WISSELL firmly planted in modem times. Up to the end of Sonnenberg and Engel which he later trans­ he condemned the infamous persecution of the ferred to Frankfurt/Main. In 1938 he came to On December 13, after a short illness, the doyen Jewish people in the Nazi period, and he tried in this country where he soon became an active of German Social Democracy and former Reich his own way to help where he could. Rudolf member of both the AJR and the Leo Baeck Minister, Dr. h. c. Rudolf Wissell, died in Berlin Wissell was one of the great figures that are now Lodge. His help in their respective functions is in his 94th year. With him passed one of the seldom to be found. well known and in spite of his advanced age he last surviving founders of the Weimar Republic, We will hold him in grateful memory. was prepared to the end to visit sick people and to whose National Assembly he belonged, having T.Z. give them the last honours. His memory of events already been one of the five People's Commis­ over the last sixty or more years was astounding. sioners with Ebert, Landsberg, Noske and Scheide­ mann. PROFESSOR JULIUS EBENSTEIN Hugo Sonnenberg was married twice. Of his Wissell began his career as a mechanical four children, two sons died in their early engineer and already at the time of the Law Professor Julius Ebenstein, teacher of the twenties, one son, Mr. Ernst Sonnenberg, is a against Socialists joined the Social Democratic Vienna Municipal Conservatory's class in violin, director of the Luton Knitting Company, and Party. After he had been a trades union secre­ died in Vienna at the age of 62. When the Nazis one married daughter lives in the United States. tary in Luebeck he moved in 1909 to Berlin, where annexed Austria he left for Israel where he He was truly a representative of a generation he took over the management of the Central founded the Israel Mozart Orchestra and wrote which, alas, has few survivors to share in their Secretariat of the General Commission of the the first book on Mozart to be published in memories. Trades Unions. Towards the end of the war he Hebrew. H. STERN. (

CHEVRA KADISHA of the New Liberal Jewish Congregation AJR CLUB 51 Belsize Square, London, N.W.S Zion House, 57 Eton Avenue, SEUDAH DINNER DANCE N.W.S at the Kensington Palace Hotel. Oe Vere Gardens, London, W.8 Such pretty things at Reasonable SUNDAY, FEB. 17 on Saturday, March 2nd, 7.30 p.m. at 4.30 p.m. Prices Dancing to ALFRED PACIFICO and his Orchestra TOMBOLA Seventh Birthday TICKETS at 35 - (including Dinner, Coffee and Gratuities) OF THE CLUB from Mr. E. GOODMAN at 51 Belsize SQuare. N.W.S, or tiie Honorary Officers. We are looking forward to welcoming you RUDI OFFENBACH and your friends. HILDA LERGENS LONDON UNIVERSITY (E.M. DEPT.) and Accompanied by THEODOR HERZL SOCIETY STEPHAN BUKOWITZ LECTURES on "GREETINGS FROM THE SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF JEWISH BRANCHES IN MAIN TOWNS CONTINENT" EXISTENCE TODAY

Space donated bv Tuesday, February 19 TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED Rabbi LOUiS JACOBS. Ph.D.. B.A. Britannia Works, 25 St. Pancras Way, " RELIGIOUS LIFE IN ISRAEL " N.W.I at 8.15 p.m. at Zion House, 57 Eton Avenue, N.W.3 AJR INFORMATION February, 1963 Page 13

EIN SALZBERGER - ABEND IM CLUB 1943 75th BIRTHDAY OF WILHELM STERNFELD Im Club 1943 fand im Dezember ein Abend zu Ehren des SOten Geburtstags von Rabbiner Dr. Salzberger statt. Der weil iiberfiillte Saal bewies Wilhelm Sternfeld. who will be 75 on February remaining other refugee writers, fled to Poland. die grosse Verehrung. die der Jubilar—besonders 1. was born in Unna (Westphalia). Originally a With the help of a British refugee organisation, in dem Kreis seiner friiheren Gemeindemitglieder merchant, he became private secretary to Profes­ founded on the initiative of the News Chronicle, —besitzt. sor Franz Oppenheimer in 1930 and worked for he. like others, reached London. Dr. Salzberger hatte mitgeteilt, dass er aus seinem the '• Treuhandgesellschaft " in Beriin. This semi­ Here he again became Secretary of the Thomas Leben erzahlen wolle. Und er hat dies in einem official society, with the help of the Social Demo­ Mann Society which had been re-established by langeren faszinierenden Vortrag getan. der neben Freidrich Burschell and Bernhard Menne, Through der eigentlichen Lebensgeschichte hochst cratic Minister Otto Braun, bought up bankrupt anregende. teils aufregende Zeitbilder gab. Die estates around Bedin. divided them up into small his work he came in contact with Thomas Mann, who. until 1955, addressed some sixty highly Verwobenheit mit dem Einst sprach aus jedem units of a few acres and rented them to Berliners, interesting letters to him. Again and again he Wort des Redners, und wenn er vielleicht manchen who thus supplemented their incomes by growing helped refugee writers, mostly with the support der Horcr noch zu stark Deutsch-verbunden vegetables and fruit. When the Nazis came to erschien. so konnte dies nicht anders sein bei of the Czech Refugee Trust and the Witting einer Personlichkeit, die verschiedene Epochen power. Professor Oppenheimer was forced to Trust. unse.'er Geschichte so aktiv miterlebt hat. Als resign, but Sternfeld somehow managed to remain Feldgeistlicher im ersten Weltkrieg z.B.. wo er die at his Dost until October. 1933. Warned in time In 1950. when the Siiddeutsche Rundfunk in Stuttgart started its Kiinstlerfond for needy refu­ heute so aktuelle Frage jijdisch-christlicher Bezie- by friends that the Gestapo was to arrest him, he gee writers and artists, Sternfeld was entrusted with hungin anzubahnen bemiiht war. stand er mitten left for France. There he wrote for the refugee im Kriegsgeschehen. Taktvoller Weise venmied the implementation of the scheme. Due to his es Dr. Salzberger. auf seine grauenvollen Erleb­ newspapers Pariser Tagehlatt and Pariser Tages- unfailing efforts, the lot of many of them was nisse in Dachau einzugehen, erzahlte dann aber ^^'"ng. In 1935 he went to Prague where he eased. Up to the end of 1962 Sternfeld secured vom Aufbau seines Wirkens in England, von dem oecarae a contributor to various German news- some DM. 300,000 to 350,000 for that purpose. ebenso wie von seiner kulturell-jtJdischen Tatig­ Papers such as Prager Tagblatt and Prager Sternfeld has, since 1949. been collecting books keit vor der Nazizeit, in diesem Blatt anlasslich f^resse. by refugee writers and sending them to the Ger­ seines Geburtstages bereits berichtet wurde. Hier man Library at Frankfurt, where Professor Hanns soil nur noch kurz crwahnt werden. dass der Vor- ,, '^37 Stemfeld was appointed Secretary of tragende als Leitmotiv seines Schaffens das Ziel Eppelsheimer founded a special branch of refugee angab. Tradition und Fortschritt, Geis.t und Herz IV ^ • i"^^ Mann Societv. founded by the author literature. He was also requested to compile a zu vereinigen. riednch Burschell. to assist needy refugee bibliography of refugee literature. This task 7^\BC ^^^^ Burschell left for England in occupied all his time for the last eight years. Nach seinem Eintritt in den " Ruhestand " fiihrt i?J8. Sternfeld succeeded him as head of the The bibliography entitled " Deutsche Exil- Dr. Salzberger noch weiter ein arbeitsreiches j "°"?as Mann Society. When the German Literatur 1933-1945", was recently published Leben ; ich personlich mochte in diesem Zusam­ nvas.!on was imminent, Sternfeld was instrumen- under the auspices of the Deutsche Akademie fiir menhang die anregenden Bibelbesprechungen ai in getting some 30 writers out of Oechoslo- Sprache und Dichtung. It is indispensable for erwahnen. die er von Zeit zu Zeit im Otto Schiff the study of the Third Reich. House uns dankbaren Horem gibt. j '^- He himself witnessed Hitler's jubilant entry . J. LESSER. NELLY WOLFFHEIM 10 Prague and eventually, together with the few

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GREETS ITS EMIGRATED FORMER FELLOW-CITIZENS

On the occasion of the New Year the City of Munich extends its sincerest good wishes to its former fellow- citizens abroad.

The City Council would be very pleased to hear from you and to be informed of your present address. We would then regularly supply you with news on happen­ ings in our City, thus bringing you again into contact with your former home town.

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MEETING ON COMPENSATION Round and About As readers will have seen from the announce­ "YIDDISH IN OUR TIMES" had been an increase of 10 per cent in the number ment published on the front page of this issue, of children receiving a Jewish education since the the Chairman of the Indemnification Committee A European Council for the Yiddish Language, last survey in 1959, only 6,000 are attending of the Bundestag. Rechtsanwalt Martin Hirsch, charged with translating the Bible into Yiddish and Jewish day schools. M.d,B,. will speak on the present position in the spreading knowledge of the Yiddish language, was In recent years the survey states, school pre­ field of restitution and compensation at a meet­ set up by a conference in Paris organised under the mises have been purchased or built in several ing under the auspices of the Council of Jews auspices of the World lewish Congress on the European cities and plans for new schools are From Germany, the Anglo-German Lawyer's theme " Yiddish in our Times ". under consideration in Paris and Brussels. But, Association and the AJR. The meeting will take More than fifty writers, translators, teachers and despite financial help from the Claims Confer­ place on Monday, February 18, at 7.45 p.m. at journalists from France, Belgium, Britain, Holland ence and the " Joint," some of the schools have 51 Belsize Square, London, N,W.3, and Switzerland took part. Invitations were sent to been kept open only by the sheer perseverance writers in the Soviet Union. Poland and Rumania, of lay leaders and educators. but were unanswered. Mr, Joseph Leftwich, Mr. The Commission on Jewish Education estab­ ANGLO-JEWISH PRESS EXHIBITION Jacob Glattstein, the poet, and Dr, A. Steinberg, of lished in Geneva last November is now studying London, were among the participants. the best way that the financial and organisational problems can be tackled, Hope is seen in the The British Section of the World Jewish Con­ The conference also passed a resolution pro­ gress is preparing an exhibition on the Anglo- testing at Soviet discrimination against Jewish increasing co-operation between the various com­ munities of European Jews.—(J,C.) Jewish Press which will exhibit all Jewish papers religious and cultural life and calling on the Soviet printed in English, Hebrew, Yiddish or other Government to accord to Jews the same rights as EX-SERVICEMEN'S SEASONAL HELP languages in Great Britain from 1823 to the other citizens.—(J.C.) Ajex, answering the annual national call for present time. The exhibition will also include volunteers to take over the duties of hospital pictures of editors and joumalists. INADEQUATE JEWISH EDUCATION domestic staff to enable the staff to spend Christ­ Organisations, synagogue, societies and A survey of Jewish day and supplementary mas with their families, sent contingents to individuals in possession of old and rare Jewish schools has just been completed by the " Joint" hospitals in London areas and in the provinces. newspapers and periodicals no longer in exist­ in Geneva. Their main finding is that, despite The Rev. Saul Amias, who joined the working ence, or of documents connected with the Anglo- intensive efforts by Jewish conmiunities through­ party at the Edgware General Hospital, said : Jewish Press, are requested to contact out Continental Europe, only one quarter of the " We have really achieved something practical. the Anglo-Jewish Press Exhibition, World Jewish estimated 118,000 Jewish children of school age This has been of more value than a hundred Congress, British Section, 55 New Cavendish are receiving a Jewish education. While there platform lectures on brotherly love ", Street, London. W.l,

FAMILY EVENTS CLASSIFIED GENERAL CLERK, experienced RELATIVE OF MINE, very attrac­ records, filing, despatch, last position tive, intelligent young lady, 23, non- Situations Vacant 16 years, seeks suitable full-time Orthodox, English born Continental Entries in the column Family Events work. Box 195. REPRESENTATIVE male/female background, many interests, not are free of charge. Texts should be required by leather goods manu­ GERMAN SHORTHAND-TYPIST, without means. As she has not the sent in by the ISth of the month. facturer. Highest Commission. 'Phone elderly, own machine, available for right circle of friends I would like part-time or homework. Box 197. her to find a suitable young man LAD. 8550, momings. with a view to marriage. Discretion Birthdays Women Accommodation Vacant assured. Box 184. i TO LET comfortable bed-sitting Lazarus.'—Flora Lazarus (formerly RESIDENT LADY CHEF for room with cooking facilities, also WIDOW. 45, settled with nice home Berlin) now Les Berges du L6man, Orthodox Convalescent Home room and kitchen. Golders Green in New Zealand, pleasant disposition, Vevey, Switzerland, celebrated her required. Able to take charge. area. Telephone MEAdway 4785. Two other chefs kept. Apply : domesticated, in secretarial post, will 95th birthday on January 21st. The Accommodation Wanted visit London in year's time but would AJR and all her friends in London Matron, Branksome Dene Convales­ like to correspond with widower in extend their heartiest congratulations, cent Home, Bournemouth W. Tel. : PIANO STUDENT seeks room with meantime who would care to go over­ Westboume 63720. piano in the London area. Box 190. seas, must be fk and adaptable and Wertheim.—Mr. Hans Wertheim, of Situations Wanted ELDERLY LADY, needing some not over 50 ; object matrimony, Bo'x 36 Cotswold Gardens, N.W.2 (for­ attention, seeks nice room and full 193. merly Kassel), will celebrate his SOth Men board in small boarding house. birthday on February llth. PIANO STUDENT, 18, seeks part- Finchley Road District. £15-£18 per time work for she months, e.g., piano week. Box 192. AJR Attendance Service i WUl.—Mr. Louis Will, of 22 Ding­ lessons for children, clerical/tele­ For Sale wall Gardens, London, N.W.ll, WOMEN available to care for sick phone work, or work as a messenger. ATTRACTIVE RESIDENTIAL celebrated his 92nd birthday on Box 185. people and invalids, as companions January 15th. Mr. Will, who is in HOUSE, Cricklewood area, for sale ; and sitters-in ; full- or part-time ; non­ the best of health, was bom in SALES CORRESPONDENT, experi­ ground-floor flat vacant. Box 183. residential. 'Phone MAIda Vale 4449. Schoenlanke. enced French/German, seeks respon­ Miscellaneous sible position in commercal or SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and Nathanson.—Mrs. Jenny Nathanson industrial sales oorganisation. Box MISSING PERSONS (nie Hobinstock), of 22 Dingwall 186. permanently removed by qualified Gardens, London, N.W.ll, who has Physiotherapist and Electrolysist. AJR Enquiries been looking after Mr. Will for the GENTLEMAN, 39, good personality Facials. Body massage. Visits past 23 years, was 76 on January and appearance. Organising ability, arranged. Mrs. Dutch. D.R.E., 239 Engel.—Mr. George D. Engel, for­ 20th, 1963. sales experience and clerical aptitude. Willesden Lane, N.W.2. Tel. : WIL­ merly Court House, Kempsey, The AJR extends its sincerest con­ Knowledge of French/German and lesden 1849. Worcester, relative of Mrs. Mathilde gratulations to them both.. some Spanish. Experienced in sales MITTAGSTISCH, evtl. auch Abend- Igersheimer. correspondence. Seeks congenial mahlzeit, in gepflegtem Haushalt appointment in expanding sales fuer kultivierten alteren Herm Fabian.^Mrs. Frieda Fabian (nee Deaths organisation. Box 191. erhaeltlich. Behrendt, Flat 6, New Michaelis) born March 13th, 1913. College Court, Finchley Road, N.W.3. BOOKKEEPER up to Trial Balance, Alexander.—Mr. Alec Peter Alex­ HUI.—Mrs. Paula Hill (nfe Michaelis) ander, solicitor, of 40 Tottenhall with long experience, conversant Personal with P.A.Y.E., seeks full- or part- BACHELOR, 38, 6ft., engaged in born February 23rd. 1912, came to Road, N.13 and Craven House, time position. Box 194. this country from Danzig on domestic Kingsway, W.C.2, passed away farming (Home Counties) wishes to permits. „ suddenly on January 4th. Deeply GENERAL CLERK, experienced, meet young woman of good appear­ mourned by his wife. Hildegard export/import. insurance, travel, ance (domesticated), keen on country i Alexander (nee Wolfson), mother, accounts. typing, knowledge of life. View marriage. Box 182. Gronemann.—Mrs. Henriette Grone- • brother, family and friends, French, Italian, Spanish, capable, LADY, 60 years old, youngish, mann. daughter of Juda and Elisa trustworthy, good references, seeks happy disposition, good walker, Gerson, born about 1880 in Jamgum. Steinharter.—Mrs. Ida Eva Stein- position. Box 187. fairly good income, wishes to meet Kreis Weener, Ostfriesland, supposed harter, aged 81. passed away on similar lady with a view to travelling to have emigrated to England. December 18th, 1962, at Otto Schifl STOCKKEEPER FOR FASHIONS, together mainly abroad. Box 189, House. Deeply mourned by all her also stock control, experienced, friends, young and old. reliable, wants position of trust. YOUNG MAN, 38, German-Jewish GUEST HOUSE Box 196. background, never married, Ameri­ can citizen and presently residing in Newly redecorated. Double and Wolfram.—On December 26th, 1962, Women U.S.A., but also willing to live else­ single divan rooms. Partial board. peacefully at his home, 32 Leeside where, desires acquaintance of attrac­ Continental cuisine. Crescent N.W.ll, Max Wolfram, GENERAL CLERK/TYPIST, good tive refined girl aged up to 34. Object 69 GREENCROFT GARDENS, N.W.6 beloved husband of Meta and father at figures, versatile, good references, matrimony. Please reply enclosing (near Finciiiev Road Tube Station) of Walter and Hugo. seeks suitable position. Box 188. photograph. Box 198. 'Phone: MAIda Vale 1673 i AJR INFORMATION February, 1963 Page 15

MARTYRS REMEMBERED NEWS FROM ISRAEL Memorial services to mark the annual day of mourning for the victims of Nazi persecution took INCIDENT IN HAIFA RELATIONS WITH ARABS place in Israel on the tenth day of Tebet and the anniversary of Nebuchadnezzar's siege of Jeru­ A second German seaman has been brought Mr. Anthony Wedgwood Benn, the Labour poli­ salem in 586 B.C.E. before a Haifa court charged with insulting the tician, and Professor Norman Bentwich were Services were held in two of Jerusalem's mau- State of Israel. invited to attend a five-day international sym­ solea. on Mount Zion and on Har Hazikaron. Manfred Gottlicher, aged 18, pleaded guilty posium on " New paths to peace between Israel where Yad Vashem's memorial centre stands. but. as he is a minor, sentence has been postponed and the Arabs ", which took place both in Jeru­ Members of the Association of Former Nazi pending a probation ofiBcer's report. He is a salem and Tel Aviv, Prisoners accounted for a large proportion of the member of the crew of the cargo ship " Essen- The principal speakers included Professor Martin participants.—(J.C.) berg". Refusing to pay his taxi fare, he was Buber. Bishop James A. Pike and Bishop George „ K^" '° ^^^ police station where he shouted Hakim, as well as a number of Israeli—Arab and ISRAELI ACCUSED AS COLLABORATOR Heil Hitler" and gave the Nazi salute. In Jewish—intellectuals and political figures. Hirsch Berenblut, a conductor of the National court he expressed regret for his actions and Professor Bentwich. who had just left hospital, Israeli Opera, is to be tried under the law for pleaded that he did not realise what he was was not able to attend the symposium, organised by the punishment of Nazis and their collaborators. saying. The prosecutor asked for a sentence of the group around "' New Outlook ", the English- He is accused of having been responsible for three years' imprisonment. language publication devoted to Arab-Israeli handing over large numbers of Jews to the Nazis In October a German ship's officer was sen­ understanding, which is now celebrating its fifth in occupied Poland. He faced similar charges in tenced to a month's imprisonment and fined £250 anniversary. Poland before emigrating to Israel, but was tor remarking in a Haifa bar that there were too acquitted -

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WOLFF, THE BOARDING HOUSE WITH CULTURE ' "emstal Rood, N.W.S A Home for you (MAI. 8521) MINICAR HIRE HAM. 4150 & 4154 Elderly people welcomed Page 16 AJR INFORMATION February. 1963 NEWS IN BRIEF GERMAN PRESS CRITICISED Plight of Prominent Victims of Nazism Ignored AL'SCHITZ MONUMENT "JOINT" BUDGET FOR 1963 The November/December issue of the bulletin published in Hamburg by the " Notgemeinschaft The International Auschwitz Committee has A 1963 budget of £10.794.650 to help 340.000 der durch die Nuernberger Gesetze Betroffenen" decided to build a monument at Brzezinka to the men. women and children in 27 countries was criticises the widespread habit of the German Press millions of Jews and other victims who were done adopted at the 48th annual conference of the to omit, on the occasion of congratuhtory articles to death in Auschwitz and whose bodies were American Joint Distribution Committee. Mr. for prominent victims of Nazism, the fact that burned in specially built ovens in that locality. Eidward M. M. Warburg was elected Chairman for these persons had suffered persecution on account At a meeting in Budapest, under the chairman­ the 18th consecutive year. of their origin. This, the bulletin suspects, may be ship of Polish writer Tadeusz Holuj, the Com­ due to a tendency of belittling happenings which mittee entrusted a group of Italian and Polish are now considered as embarrassing ; instead the sculptors and architects with the preparation of RELIEF FOR NORTH AFRICAN REFUGEES full truth should be told. The article refers to the the plan for the monument. courageous attitude of the Jewish physicist and The Committee has decided to issue a volume One of every six of the 600,000 Europeans who Nobel Prize winner. Professor James Franck, who. containing documentary evidence with details of arrived in France from Algeria in a four-month as a Jew. resigned from his office in 1933. though the number of people who were killed in period was a Jew, it was stated. Thousands of he could have retained his position, because he had Auschwitz and whose bodies were burned to other Jewish refugees made their way to France fought during the First World War. On the occa­ ashes at Brzezinka. from Tunisia and other parts of North Africa, sion of the recent SOth birthday of Professor Max The meeting was also attended by a delegation from Eastern Europe and other areas. The French Born, the Press hardly referred to his Jewish origin from Hiroshima led by a Buddhist monk from Jewish community found that it had suddenly and only stated that " he had to leave Germany Japan.—(J.C.) grown to more than 500,000—the fourth largest when the Nazis came to power ". Such a formula­ Jewish community in the world after the United tion (the article states) is not sufficient to bring JEWS IN EAST GERMANY States, the Soviet Union and Israel. Fortunately, home to the young generation the dangers and the Jewish refugees from Algeria were largely threats which were invoked by the Nazi regime. The Chanucah issue of the Bulletin of the Jewish French citizens and therefore entitled to special Communities of East Berlin and the German benefits and grants from the French Government. The neediest are the other refugees, for example, Democratic Republic, i>i/er alia, records the ARGENTINE EMIGRANTS TO ISRAEL restoration of the Keilstrasse Synagogue in Leipzig, those from Tunisia. a celebration in Erfurt on the tenth anniversary of the reconsecration of the synagogue and the erec­ Approximately 266.000 men. women and children About 1.000 Argentine Jews emigrated to Israel tion of a memorial stone in the Jewish cemetery in received aid during the past year. Of these. 96.000 during 1962—almost double the number who went Anklam. were in Moslem areas, more than 84,000 in 13 to Israel the previous year. The average rate of European countries and 81.000 in Israel. Cash departures is now about 200 i>eople each month, relief, food and medical aid had also gone to PENSION FOR NAZI MAYOR many of them professional and technical workers, thousands of people. Assistance went to 2.650 in including young married couples. homes for children and to 5.510 in institutions for The Ansbach council has now agreed to accept the aged. Schools, cultural and religious pro­ Altogether 12.000 Latin American Jews havs the application of Richard Haenal to receive a grammes were helped. gone to Israel since the establishment of the State- full pension as a former civil servant. Haenal about 7.000 of them from Argentina. It is noted was Lord Mayor of Ansbach throughout the Nazi It was estimated that the " Joint" would need that the demand for information from immigration period and a prominent member of the Nazi more than £1.400.000 to help the Jewish refugees offices fluctuates with the degree of antisemitic Party. in France alone. violence.—(J.C.)

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