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President's Message vision in such a way as to enable us to move forward with even greater Guy Huntley Contents... success in the year to come. 2 American Fern Society Spring continues to hold a certain It has been my pleasure to serve you thrill for me. In the borders, and the Annual Meeting as president of your organization. I nurseries, and even in the road ditches will continue to be an active member, 4 The Contest and a one finds rejuvenation and promise. offering whatever talents I have in Contest I anxiously await the first new whatever way the HFF can use them. croziers of spring, and it is in my I encourage you to do the same. Be a 10 Dryopteris uniformis frequent visits to the border that I find participant - in whatever way you can. 11 Spore Exchange to my most fulfillment, it seems, this The Foundation is here for you - we Change Hands time of year. always appreciate your input. Be a part. Be involved. Great things are 12 1993 International The down side of this addiction is happening. Botanical Congress evident in my procrastination of other Excursion to Yaku Island necessary endeavors (like putting Thank you for allowing me the together a president’s report), but opportunity to be your president. 16 NHS Fern Festival 1994 spring comes just once a year, and the older I get, and the busier I get, the shorter the season seems to be. So I take pains to enjoy it - or at least get Pop your Slugs! out and observe it as it rushes by so sweetly, so quickly. My husband and I recently attended a local garden show where one of the "Rushing by" is also an apt descrip¬ demonstrations featured a simple, low cost and efficient slug trap. Start with a tion of my latest term as president of plastic pop bottle. Cut off about the top third (before the bottle starts to taper for the Hardy Fern Foundation. Seems the neck). Pour some slug bait in the bottom and then invert the top back into like just a few fronds ago I was the bottle. (See Illustration.) This forms a funnel. The bottle is put on its side. The slugs crawl in and “enjoy” their feast but are unable to get back out. We agreeing to serve a second term - now have tried it with success and also found the annual meeting is coming up that it trapped beetles. There are several again, and a new president will guide very positive advantages with this us in our endeavor to expose, educate, system: the bait stays relatively dry and and enlighten the world about hardy needs less frequent replacement, the ferns. bait is kept away from pets, the slugs do not rehydrate in the rain, and while not We have had an eventful year - much a particularly pretty site in the border thanks is due for the efforts of a great disposal is quite simple. This also many people who have worked hard to works admirably well in a greenhouse build and solidify the Foundation. where slug bait can turn moldy and Such accomplishments give us unattractive in a very short time. Maybe momentum and clarifies our common we should call this “The Pepsi Challenge”! SSO

Spring 1994 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER m American Fern Society certainly the forays, would be canceled. Jean Prior and Dean Roosa, state However, we were most fortunate in geologist and state ecologist respec¬ Annual Meeting - that Ames suffered only minor damage tively, - both giving valuable insights Summer 1993 from rising water, and our two trips, into what we had seen and would be one in northeast Iowa in the Paleozoic seeing. Plateau, and the other in the central Ames, Iowa - Iowa State This first foray, a three-day and two- part of the state in the Woodman University night trip, wound circuitously through Hollow State Park just south of Ft. James W. Horne - Hampton, VA northeastern Iowa, offering us scenery Dodge, were spared any extensive that one does not usually associate with flooding. This good news was received The annual meeting of the American that state. Huge rock outcroppings, only after we had all arrived in Ames Fern Society was held this past year at deep ravines and steep cliffs were the and was greeted with cheers! The Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa in common and noi the rare sight. forays were “go”! We would be able to conjunction with the American spot and identify ferns other than the It is certainly not the purpose of this Institute of Biological Sciences rare Aquaphilia submarinum\! report to mention each genus and Convention.

Two very exciting and interesting fern forays were planned for four days just prior to the opening plenary session, followed by several days of paper presentations, workshops and lectures. The major events of these two fern trips will be the subject of this humble report. I should mention here that the theme of the A.I.B.S. conference was “Grasslands”, and many of the group had grasses and other flora as their prime interest. However, ferns and their allies did predominate!

I also feel it is necessary here to add that I am a layman in pteridological matters - a rank amateur - who has been involved with ferns for only about seven or eight years. Fortunately, Jack Woodman Hollow. Photo by Jim Home. Schieber, another “non-professional” from Pennsylvania, and I “teamed up” We departed at 8:00 in the morning of species of all ferns and other flora that rather quickly on these forays, perhaps July 29th in two large vans, - ours we encountered. I shall tell of just a for mutual succor and comfort, in the driven by our host Dr. Donald Farrar few in the fervent hope that some face of massive erudition exhibited by of the Department of Botany at I.S.U., reader’s favorite and most endeared experts in the field! We constantly our destination being the town of plant is not left out! reminded each other that we really Decorah in extreme northeastern Iowa, weren’t quite as stupid as our many situated in the middle of the Paleozoic At Bixby Park, we visited an algific, questions might indicate. I doubt Plateau or “Driftless Area”, so-called talus slope, where very cold air rushed seriously, however, that anyone was because it had not been covered by ice out of a cave mouth, having passed deceived! during either of the last two glacial through cracks in limestone, where advances. This afforded an excellent seeping water had frozen. It was as if As the time for the convention grew opportunity to observe ferns and other one had suddenly opened the door of a nearer, and the various streams and forms of plant life essentially un¬ deep freeze! Immediately surrounding rivers of Iowa rose ever higher, there changed for thousands of years. this area, and well in the flow of cold was general fear that the meetings, or Joining us for part of this trip were air, were found Gymnocarpium

0 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Spring 1994 robertianum (Limestone Oak Fern), found their western-most range limits. narrow sandstone gorge, - again Cystoperis bulbifera or Bulblet We climbed quite a hill (at the time it difficult, at least for this easterner, to Bladder Fern, the lovely and delicate seemed more like Mt. Rainier to us!) to believe that one was indeed in Iowa! Cryptogrammastelleri (Slender Cliff discover huge sandstone and limestone There were approximately two dozen Brake) and Camptosorus rhizophyllus cliffs, - resembling gigantic chimneys. fern species located here. A few (Walking Fern), slowly making its way On their surfaces and in their fissures interesting disjuncts were observed in up some stone steps. Earlier in the day abounded Pellaea atropurpurea, the hollow, among which was we had found several patches of Dryopteris carthusiana, D. intermedia Dryopteris goldiana, again, the Ophioglossum pusillum or Northern and the latter’s hybrid D. x triploidia. attractive and delicate Cryptogramma Adder’s Tongue. I really should add Even some of the experts had a few stelleri was seen clinging to the here that I am reasonably sure of the moments of disagreement as to just moisture-laden rock walls of the epithets that I am listing. Some of my what was this hybrid! Theever- stream at the bottom of this gorge. notes were plunged into bog water, delightful Rock Cap Fern (Polypodium The large and stately Ostrich Fern along with me, as we trudged through virginianum) was also very much in (Matteuccia struthiopteris provided an a peat bog! evidence on these rocks and cliffs. interesting backdrop in several places in the bottom of the canyon and along The above-mentioned bog was at I feel that I should add that several the banks of the creek or stream Roose Fen, a hillside (!), swampy area stops were made to examine various through which we “sloshed” and where there is always slowly-flowing examples of the “allies”. The horse¬ “rock-hopped” for a couple of hours. water, which never seems to collect tails and scouring rushes seemed Cystopteris bulbifera was again anywhere. It was a true bog, and the plentiful, and there were quite a few spotted here, as well. spongy surface would rise and fall as experts in this area along with us as we walked - and fell! - across its well. Among these, (the “allies”, and During our descent to the bottom of the surface. In, or near to, this spot were not the “experts”!) were Equisetum gorge, as well as on the other hikes, discovered a few specimens of scirpoides, E. laevigatum, E. hyamale, mosquitoes and stinging nettles were Dryopteris cristata, and one or two and the hybrid E. x ferrissii. our constant and not-welcome compan¬ others, which my “flawless” notes have ions. This was not a junket for the seemed to ignore. At the end of this After returning to Ames on the “third short-winded, as we, of course, were particular day, my feet and much of my day”, we “arose” refreshed from faced with climbing out of this chasm notes, were stained a dark brown, in order to return which resisted days of scrubbing! to our vans! The weather was Our lodgings for this first foray were at quite warm and the Cliff House Motel in Decorah and fortunately we were reasonably nice, although the had been accompanying restaurant was not forewarned as to really prepared for such an onslaught certain condi¬ of mad pteridophiles! We were also somewhat late arriving and as a result, tions that we their culinary offerings were skimpy, would encounter. to say the least. The following day, the The water local fast-food establishments did a canteens and booming breakfast and dinner busi¬ insect repellant were much in ness. Our lunches were provided by 4 * - ^ d evidence. The Don Farrar and his crew and were The Cake! Photo by Jim Home. delicious and certainly ample! raingear came in experiencing civilization once again handy on at least two occasions. During Day Two, we visited a real and headed out on Sunday morning for variety of habitats, such as maple- about a sixty-five mile trip to As mentioned earlier, the theme for the basswood woodlands, where quite a Woodman Hollow, northwest of Ames. entire conference was “Grasslands” number of normally eastern species The “hollow” is a very deep and continued on page 9

Spring 1994 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER a The Contest and a they dug for clams, fished, picked the Atlantic. According to Sargent F. wild berries of the area and, like their Collier, Giovanni da Verrazano, Contest: modern-day counterparts, enjoyed the navigating under a French flag, left a summer weather. Doubtless, in the record of it in 1500, calling it Acadia. Ferns at The Wild Gardens of spring, as they made their way down According to Samuel Eliot Morison, a Acadia, Acadia National Park, and a the waterways of the state toward the leading historian of this period, Brief History of the Park and the sea, they sampled the fiddleheads of Estevan Gomes, a Portuguese sailing Gardens the Ostrich Fern, a local delicacy in the service of Spain, sighted it in today. With the arrival of fall, they 1525. By Catharine W. Guiles P. O. Box 335 returned inland to spend the winter in less exposed locations. Its first claimant, in 1604, was the New Gloucester, ME 04260 Sieur de Monts, Lieutenant General of Once the Age of Exploration began, New France, who received it from It would not be difficult for me, or any the island, which is the third largest on King Henri IV. His pilot and other fern lover, to visit The Wild the Atlantic coast, after Long Island mapmaker was Samuel de Champlain, Gardens of Acadia, in Acadia National and Martha’s Vineyard, and which is Canada’s founding father, who named Park on the coast of Maine, and then distinguished by a mountain range the island “l’lsle des Monts-deserts” write a short article on the fern species topped by Mt. Cadillac (1,530 ft), because the summits of its mountains grown there and add a few photo¬ became a prominent and welcome are bare rock. De Monts was suc¬ graphs. Such an approach would be landmark for seamen of the north ceeded by a Marquise de Guercheville, entirely appropriate for some gardens.

However, given the above subject, an article of this type would leave out many interesting avenues of inquiry : the centuries of history of Mount Desert Island, where the park and its garden are located: the 100 years or more of deep interest in the island’s flora: the creation of the national park and the tragedy that struck it in 1947: its rebirth from this disaster and, finally, the development of The Wild Gardens of Acadia.

I hope, then, that the reader of this newsletter will have a few minutes of leisure for such a discussion of this now-beautiful park and the garden which is one of its highlights and which contains examples of many of the island’s ferns. The contest This photograph, taken in 1965, shows Dr. who in 1613 sent a group of Jesuits to During the millennia before the arrival Edgar T. Wherry and Mrs. Harold Hubler, found a settlement. They were of Europeans on our shores, the native the wife of the Superintendent at that time defeated in this effort by Capt. Samuel peoples of what is now Maine, the of Acadia National Park. It was under Mr. Argali, who was connected with the Abnaki, did exactly what so many Hubler’s administration that the Wild Virginia Colony (he later took people do now. They went to the Gardens of Acadia were founded. Note the Pocahontas to England as a hostage) Maine coast and its islands for the beautiful view in the background, so and who, to quote Morison, “had summer. There, as shell heaps attest. characteristic of Mount Desert Island. orders to mop up any French settle-

E HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Spring 1994 ments between the Hudson and the St. Acadia Lawrence.” This, then, was one round National in the Contest, the long struggle between the French and the English for Park and possession of North America. interest in Argali’s intervention, however, did not the island’s end French efforts. In 1688, a Gascon flora commoner named Antoine Laumet, who had instantly improved his social \5 In the nineteenth station by changing his family name to century, the La Mothe and, for good measure, beauty of the adding a title, Sieur de Cadillac, island attracted acquired a grant to the island and the painters, and AL HARBOR what painters surrounding area and spent some time Northeast , HARBOR they were! there before founding the city of SOUTHWEST HARBOR Detroit. In the eighteenth century, Thomas Cole however, French fortunes ebbed. In came there in 1758 the English took the fortress of 1844; he was Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island, followed by and the 1758 battle and British victory others, among Acadia them Frederick on the Plains of Abraham, at Quebec, National Park essentially concluded The Contest as Church, Fitzhugh Lane far as North America east of the Mount Desert Island Mississippi was concerned. and William Morris Hunt. But the ensuing 1763 Treaty of Paris Map of Mount Desert Island and the Next came scientists, one being the did not end French interests in Mount surrounding area, (by Dawn Simpson). Harvard geologist Nathaniel Shaler. Desert Island. After the American Then arrived, and still do, the “rustica- Revolution, Cadillac’s granddaughter, tors”—summer people. One of them, Mme de Gregoire, successfully upheld Geology of the island Charles W. Eliot, Jr., son of the her claim to ownership of the eastern President of Harvard University, was This is a good point for a word on the part of the island, and she and her discussed in my article on island’s geology. The mountains of husband are buried there. Bartholomew’s Cobble, published in the island, its most dramatic feature, the summer 1993 issue of this newslet¬ These details explain the French are the remains of a much higher ter. In 1880, he and some friends background of the Maine coast and the range that was first surrounded, then camped near Somes Sound and, French place names—Castine, covered by the glaciers of the ice age. according to Collier, carried out Lemoine, Isle au Haut, Calais, even When the ice withdrew, approximately “scientific studies.” Because the Maine—found there. The French 10,000 years ago, it left the lovely younger Eliot became a landscape influence now continues with the valleys and lakes—Echo Lake and architect, this scientific work included descendants of French Canadians who Jordan Pond, for example—and one some botanizing. He also persuaded later came to the state to work in the fjord, Somes Sound. The glaciers his parents to establish a summer home shoe and textile mills. Their names— removed whatever had accreted over at Asticou, one of the most beautiful Theriault, Saucier, Laverdiere, the eons and left the island’s bedrock areas of the island. Ledoux—fill the local phone books, exposed—granites, schists and trap and their cousins from the Province of rock. They also deposited gravels, Beginning in 1850, steamships began Quebec come to Old Orchard Beach boulders and erratics as they withdrew. regular service to the Maine coast, and, for their summer holiday. Had the The weight of the ice caused the in 1887, a train synonymous with French retained control of their North island’s and the state’s “drowned elegance, the Bar Harbor Express, American possessions, this article coastline,” characterized by an infinite entered service, bringing visitors from would be about “les fougeres.” number of islands and bays. Washington and the other big cities of

Spring 1994 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER E ruptedhim. When it Desert and the A djacent Islands. In became evident that addition to the flowering plants, the the State of Maine book contains a section on the fern, might not protect in horsetail and clubmoss classes, as well perpetuity the as other spore-bearing ones. The “Public Reservation” preface declares that “In 1880 the formed by Dorr and Champlain Society, an association of his colleagues, he college students (the younger Eliot and turned to Washing¬ his friends) formed for the purpose of ton, specifically to field work and study in various Gifford Pinchot who branches of natural science, established was chief of the its camp on the shores of Somes Sound Forest Service, at Wasgatt Cove, Mount Desert Island. founded in the This Catalogue of Plants represents the administration of final results of work begun by its Theodore Roosevelt. botanical department.” The authors state that this is the first organized The story of how, study of the region’s flora. They note, during the last years perhaps predictably, that “specimens of of Woodrow every plant in this list, with very few Wilson’s administra¬ exceptions, will be found preserved in tion, Dorr’s reserva¬ the Mount Desert Herbarium, at tion became “Sieur present kept in Cambridge, Mass.” and de Monts Monu¬ they thank, guess who? Harvard’s Common polypody (Polypodium ment,” Acadia President Eliot “through whose interest virginianum.) C. W. Guiles. National Park’s first name, is too and kindness the publication of our work has been made possible”. the east coast. At Bar Harbor, hotels complex to discuss here. Suffice it to went up, and the wealthy began say that, after the federal government had taken the land under its wing, In 1925, a scientist well known to fern construction of “cottages,” enormous lovers, Edgar T, Wherry, presented a residences which, in the Guilded Age, Dorr was appointed its director at $1 per month! Despite this stingy talk on the Island’s indigenous plants became the backdrop for summer to the Garden Club of Mr. Desert sports and an elaborate social life. protection, the park did continue to grow thanks to the interest and Island. At that time, he was with the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils of the So, when do we get to the ferns? benefactions of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U. S. Department of Agriculture and Patience! We first have to have the who summered at Seal Harbor. was president of the Wild Flower national park! Rockefeller donated land and built a system of carriage roads and drives Preservation Society of Washington. While some were enjoying themselves through the park. Today, the park His researches on the island led, in the Bar Harbor whirl, Harvard’s covers almost 33,000 acres, some of further, to two articles, “Nitrogen as a President Eliot and some other far- which are on another island, Isle au factor in plant distribution on Mt. seeing gentlemen founded a land trust Haut, and on Schoodic Point, a Desert Island, Maine” (Ecology. 1926. to keep land on the island, and in dramatic headland northeast of Mount 7:140-142) and “Wood-ferns on Mt. Hancock County, from falling victim to Desert Island. Desert Island, Maine” (Am. Fern Jour. the transportable saw mill, which had 1926. 16:3-7). In 1928, the garden recently been invented, and to the Interest in the island’s plants club underwrote the publication of his spreading estates of the rasticators. To first book Wild Flowers of Mount lead this effort, Eliot elected a wealthy I have in hand a volume by Edward L. Desert Island, Maine. Among the Bostonian, George Bucknam Dorr. Rand and John G, Redfield, dated 1894 supporters of this enterprise were some Dorr then made his life’s work the and entitled Flora of Mount Desert names known for wealth and influ¬ acquisition of the properties that now Island, Maine: A Preliminary Cata¬ ence: Mrs. Max Ferrand (the land¬ form the park, and it all but bank- logue of the Plants Growing on Mount scape architect Beatrix Ferrand), Mrs.

0 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Spring 1994 John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Edsel B. Ford, he did not live to endure the disaster was held the next year with the and Mrs. Morris Loeb. that overcame his park three years understanding that Crary would not later, the 1947 Bar Harbor Fire. enter! The club’s judges then raised In his little book, Wherry refers to the question of growing a collection of Rand and Redfield as well as a second The summer of that year was the driest native plants for public enjoyment. work "Vegetation of Mount Desert on record; when October came, it had Island, Maine and its environment by not rained since May. In those days, It just so happened that the husband of Barrington Moore and Norman Taylor there were often continually burning one of these judges, Harold Hubler, (1927). When I asked a rare book fires at dumps, and it was at just such a was the Superintendent of Acadia dealer in Maine about obtaining a copy location, on October 23, that a fire National Park, and he offered a of Wherry’s book, he said that it is started to bum out of control and then, location, covered with post-fire brush, exceedingly rare; it had not passed fanned by gale-force winds, in the end at Sieur de Monts Springs which through his family’s shop in 20 years! burned 17,000 acres, including 10,000 George Dorr had many decades earlier acres of the park. Even in early selected as “sanctuaries for the plant Wherry divides the plants of the island November, when the worst was finally and animal life—the flora and fauna— into four groups. First are the 30 over, underground fires still burned in of the Acadian region.” The name of percent which were “northern”— dry peat bogs. Among the losses were the project, “The Wild Gardens of which “survived glaciation in the the Jackson Laboratory which was, and Acadia” was suggested by the park’s immediate neighborhood of the remains, well known for biological naturalist, Paul Favour. margins of the ice-sheets, or along the research and the breeding of geneti¬ higher Appalachian Mountains, where cally specialized mice for laboratories Commencing in 1961, to quote from the climate during ice advances was no around the world, a little under one- the records maintained at the garden, doubt cooler than at present.” His sixth of the island’s permanent homes, members of the garden clubs on the second group, defined as “intermedi¬ five hotels and 67 of the island’s 222 island went to work to “cooperate with ate,” is comprised of the twenty-five summer cottages. The Depression and Acadia National Park in establishing a percent “which survived ice advances World War II had taken a toll on Bar horticultural garden of plants native to at considerable distances away from Harbor’s resort life, and the fire the Island, especially those that should the ice-margins, in the lower portions delivered the coup de grace. The park be protected.” In determining how to of the Appalachian Mountains and was greatly damaged, but nature present the plants, Dorcas Crary adjacent foothills.” The third group, would, after many years, heal the suggested that the various parts of the also twenty-five percent, are “southern wound. The town, a center for garden should reflect the ecological ... those which survived glaciation in tourism, has also taken on a new role. habitats of the island. Thus, in the still milder regious, especially in the The founding, in 1969, of The College space of about one acre, there are Coastal Plain, the lower Mississippi of the Atlantic, whose campus com¬ twelve such habitats, among them, a basin, and in the neighboring foothill prises some of the undamaged summer bog, a pond, a meadow, a coniferous or plateau regions.” The remaining estates, has made it an academic woods, a mixed woods, a mountain top ten percent were “introduced.” He community. with Mt. Desert’s characteristic notes that, although the island is creeping juniper and alpine plants, and separated from the mainland by only a The second contest even a seashore area, maintained by narrow channel, there are many plant the importation of beach gravel and families that did not become estab¬ Let us return to botanical business. In seaweed. In selecting the plants for the lished on the island. These include 1960, the Horticultural Chairman of garden, the gardeners, who were and mallows, primroses, gentians, and the Bar Harbor Garden Club (another remain volunteers, used the handbooks poppies, among others. He attributes of the three such clubs on the island) by Rand and Redfield, and Wherry, as this phenomenon to the acidity of the offered a prize to the member “whose well as recollections of residents of the Island’s soil. garden contained the largest number of island. protected wild flowers.” There were The disaster six contestants, and the winner was In 1965, Dr. Wherry visited the garden Dorcas Crary, a scientist affiliated with and had a further suggestion: “using In 1944, George Dorr died at 91, blind the Jackson Laboratory whose garden one area for a demonstration of the and impoverished. It is fortunate that displayed 22 such plants. The contest variety of forms within a species.” He

Spring 1994 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER m might also have said, “within classes,” Wherry also lists a number of purples and yellows of asters and because while the visitor finds ferns clubmosses and “about five species” of goldenrod. In all, there are 400 throughout the garden, particularly quillworts that, also, are not in the species growing there. Needless to Royal ferns along the brook that flows garden. say, bird watchers find this an excel¬ from Sieur de Monts Spring, there is a lent spot in which to pursue their path in the Mixed Woods area devoted Barbara C. Cole, the current Co- avocation. solely to the ferns of the island. Most Chairman of the Wild Gardens of of these are common to Maine, the Acadia, wrote me: “We do not have Though nominally a project of the Bar Common polypody, the Spinulose any Ophioglossums or Botrychiums. Harbor Garden Club, the garden’s woodfem, the Evergreen woodfem, the They were tried in the past, but our soil corps of volunteers now extends Lady, Marsh and New York ferns, as is so acid it is difficult to maintain beyond the membership of that and the well as the Cinnamon, Royal, and them. They are found (although not other clubs on the island. Last Interrupted ferns. In a comer of this recently) in isolated pockets of ‘limey’ summer, the approximately 16 volun¬ fem walk, the gardeners have placed soil.” ' teers who maintain the garden were the rarer specimens, for example, the assisted by one paid national-park On the subject of woodfems, Wherry Fragile fern, the Rusty woodsia, the student intern. The garden’s budget wrote: “It is to be hoped that further Crested woodfem and the Long Beech comes from two yearly plant sales, and studies of this group of ferns will be fem. from the sale of cards and leaflets at made, with special reference to the the entrance. In checking the accompanying list, the occurrence of intermediates and reader will note that all but two of the hybrids between them. Their abun¬ This garden has received awards, at plants, the Maidenhair spleenwort, and dance in readily accessible localities on the national level, from the National the Fragile fem, are associated with Mount Desert Island makes this an Council of State Garden Clubs and the acid soil conditions. As Wherry wrote, unusually favorable site for such Garden Club of America, as well as “the surfaces of the solid rocks and the studies. Observations as to extent of from the New England Wild Flower more exposed masses of glacial drift correlation between the characters of Society. In addition, the National Park have been thoroughly leached of their the rootstocks, stipe-scales, frond- Service presented the garden’s com¬ lime and other bases by the rain, and outlines, glandularity of indusia, etc., mittee with a Certificate of Apprecia¬ have become in many cases mediacid” would be of value in making decisions tion, and its founders, Janet R. — that is, having a pH of 4.1-5.0. as to how many species really exist in Tenbroeck (who passed away in 1992) Wherry found the Maidenhair spleen- the group.” and Elizabeth F. Thorndike, received wort, and he also found, in fields, Silver Medals from the Massachusetts where the acidity was reduced, the The garden today Horticultural Society “for vision and Meadow adder’s tongue skill in preserving native plants (Ophioglossum vulgatum) and seven When I visited the garden in August of through the creation of the Wild species of Botiychiums: “Dwarf grape 1993,1 was struck by the beauty of the Gardens of Acadia.” fem” (Least moonwort, B. simplex;) late summer flowers—steeplebush, “Triangle grapefem” (possibly the meadowsweet, fireweed, goldenrod, According to a park employee, four Narrow Lance-leaved moonwort. B. asters and, most showy of all, the million people visit Acadia National lanceolatum subsp. cardinal flower. The visitor in May Park each year. Records are not kept angustisegmentum); Daisy-leaf would find foamflower, mayflowers, of the number who visit the garden: moonwort (B. matricariifolium)\ violets, and trilliums. Those coming a however, as the park’s literature states “Thickleaf grapefem” (B. tematum few weeks later would see ladyslippers, that Sieur de Monts Springs is one of intermedium ), probably a form of the jack-in-the-pulpit, rhodora, and the park’s most interesting features, a bunchberries. For June into July, the Lace-frond grape fern, (B. dissectum)\ great proportion of that four million showy lady’s slipper, Solomon’s seal, must wander happily through the “Oblique grapefem” (B. Obliquum, the rose pogonia, pitcher plants, and garden’s paths. George Dorr, who probably also B. dissectum); “Cutleaf beach peas would attract attention, and envisioned this location as “sanctuaries grape fem” (probably also the Lace- the tourist arriving in fall would enjoy for... the flora and fauna... of the frond grape fern, B. dissectum)x and the colorful berries of the mountain Acadian region” would be very the Rattlesnake fem (B. virginianum). ash, bunchberry, cranberries, and the pleased.

HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Spring 1994 I am most grateful to Barbara C. Cole, Ferns and Fern-Allies In The Wild Gardens of president ...ed.) who also was most Acadia Co-Chairman of the Wild Gardens of patient with my endless questions! I Acadia; Ruth Grand, the garden’s Asplenium trichomanes (Maidenhair spleenwort) wish him well in his current project volunteer in charge of the Mixed Athyrium filix-femina f. rubellum (Lady fem) with John Mickel of the New York Woods Area, in which the fern walk is Athyrium filix-femina subsp.asplenoides (Michx.) Botanical Garden on Mexican pterido- found; Justin Willis, a 1993 park Hulten (Southern lady fem) phytes. Jim Peck of the University of intern assigned to the garden; and Cystopteris fragilis (Fragile fem, Brittle fem) Arkansas and Charlie Werth from Anne Rumsey, Reference Librarian of Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Hay-scented fem) Texas were a great help and source of Dryopteris carthusiana (D. spinulosa). (Spinulose the New York Botanical Garden, for woodfem, Toothed woodfem) information, as well. their kind assistance to me. Dryopteris cristata (Crested woodfem) Dryopteris intermedia (Evergreen woodfem) We returned to Ames around 5:00 in Dryopteris marginalis (Marginal woodfem) the afternoon and some of us made it Literature consulted: Dryopteris spinulosa v.fructuosa (Fruitful to the opening session at 7:00. I woodfem) attended quite a few of the sessions of Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society. Dryopteris x boottii (Boott’s woodfem) 1982. Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, 1885-1982. 40 reports and papers during the next few Equisetum arvense (Field Horsetail) (4): 157-162 days, many of which reminded me of Equisetum sylvaticum (Woodland horsetail) just how much I did NOT know! But Collier, Sargent F. 1978. Mt. Desert Island and Gymnocarpium dryopteris (Oak Fem) Acadia National Park: An informal history. then, I was partially comforted in Lycopodium lucidulum (Shining club-moss) Revised and edited by G. W. Helfnch, Camden, knowing that not too many present Maine: Down East Books. Lycopodium tristachyum (Ground pine) could have discussed intelligently with Matteuccia struthiopteris (Ostrich fem; not native Fogg, John M., Jr. Edgar Theodore Wherry (1885- to the island) me the entire scope of German strong 1982). Bartonia 49:1-5. Onoclea sensibilis (Sensitive fem) verbs. Thirty years of teaching Lellinger, David B. 1985. A Field Manual of the Osmunda cinnamomea (Cinnamon fem) German does NOT prepare one for Ferns & Fem- Allies of the United States & Canada. Osmunda claytoniana (Interrupted fem) gametophyte variations in the genus Washington, D. C.; Smithsonian Institution Press. Polypodium virginianum (Rock polypody) Botrychium! Mickel, John T. 1979. How to Know the Ferns Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas fem) and Fem Allies. Dubuque, Iowa; Wm. C. Brown Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken) Company. A “must” to mention here was the Thelypteris noveboracensis (New York fem) delicious, but of somewhat dubious Morison Samuel Eliot 1960. The Story of Mount Thelypteris palustris (Marsh fem) appearance, dessert on display, and Desert Island. Boston; Little, Brown and Thelypteris phegopteris (Long Beech fem) Company. later eaten at the A.F.S. luncheon. Woodsia ilvensis (Rusty woodsia) This was a huge cake, perhaps a foot Ogden, Edith Bolan. 1948. Orono, Maine; and a half across, in the shape of, and University of Maine at Orono Press. American Fern Society Annual decorated like a giant prothallus, of Rand, Edward L. and John H. Redfield. 1894. Meeting (Continued from page 3) varying shades of green, brown and Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine: A and we indeed had several experts in white, complete with antheridium and Preliminary catalogue of the plants growing on Mount Desert and the adjacent islands. this area along with us. Some could archeogonium! We were cautioned Cambridge, Massachusetts: John Wilson and Son. spot and correctly identify grasses from that all was edible, with the one espying one slender blade at fifty Sharpe, Grant W. 1968. A Guide to Acadia exception of the sperm cells, - raising National Park and the nearby Coast of Maine. yards, it seemed. I certainly learned their happy plastic heads merrily out of Racine, Wisconsin; Golden Press. that “grass” meant considerably more their antheridia! than what I must frequently mow here Wagner, Warren H. Jr. 1983. Bibliography of Edgar T. Wherry. Bartonia 49:6-14. in Virginia! It was, all in all, a fantastic trip to Iowa, and I am truly looking forward Wherry, Edgar T. 1928. Wild Flowers of Mount It was a real delight seeing a few Desert Island, Maine. The Garden Club of Mount friends of previous forays and meet¬ to Hus year’s meeting in Knoxville. I Desert Lancaster, Pennsylvania; Lancaster Press. understand that some most interesting Incorporated. ings, such as Dave Lellinger of the Smithsonian, whom I constantly pester fern forays are in store for us. I The Wild Gardens of Acadia in Acadia National strongly encourage as many of us Park, 1990. Leaflet published by the garden. with requests for aid in identification. I must mention here meeting Alan H.F.F.’ers as possible to make the trip. The Wild Gardens of Acadia... The Project Bar Smith of U.C.L.A. - Berkeley, current It would be great to see some of you Harbor Garden Club. Manuscript and photo¬ graphs. president of the A.F.S., (now past east of the Rockies!

Spring 1994 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER m Dryopteris uniforms

James R. Horrocks - Salt Lake City

Dryopteris: meaning ”Oak fern” or ’’Wood fern” uniformis: referring to its consistent form or pattern. This is an often overlooked species from the Asian woods that does remarkably well in the shaded garden. It is sometimes listed as a “dwarf” form, but in the author’s experience, it is a medium-sized fern producing two- foot fronds if nestled among large rocks. It is native to Japan, Korea, and China, frequenting wooded areas. It could certainly be confused with any Dryopteris uniformis. Photo by Kim N. Durrant, SLC, Utah. number of other bipinnate species of Dryopteris, although its dark brown orbicular-reniform and entire. The spores are dark brown and produced rather scales set it apart and give it a rather abundantly. striking effect, reminiscent of the scales on Dryopteris atrata. The Culture: This delightful species has proven quite hardy and rather adaptable, combination of dark scales and the not seeming to be very particular about soil pH. It is at its best among large rocks fresh medium green pinnae are very or boulders and is quite attractive planted in colonies. The croziers are particu¬ ornamental. It has hybridized with at larly enchanting in spring with their dark brown scales. In less humid conditions, least seven other Japanese Dryopteris it is by far a much sturdier plant than D. erythrosora, which is more often species. available but not a particularly good choice in dryer climates. The soil should be rich in leaf-mold and kept moist. In the author’s garden, (pictured) Dryopteris Description: The rhizome is stout, uniformis is attractive in a sizeable group among rocks and also grows elsewhere short, and erect. The fronds are fully amid Adiantum venustum and in proximity to Dryopteris atrata and Polystichum evergreen with stipes 4-12 inches long tsus-simense, presenting all together a very pleasant study in contrasting patterns. and densely scaly; the scales being It is a very worthy garden subject and rather easy from spores, growing compara¬ black-brown in color and linear to tively quickly into sizeable plants. lanceolate in outline. The blade itself is herbaceous, broadly lanceolate to References: oblong-ovate, and from one to two feet in length and 4 to 6 inches wide. The Flora of Japan (1965) frond outline is acuminate, the Jisaburo Ohwi, lanceolate pinnae are bipinnatiparted Smithsonian Institute, to somewhat bipinnate, rather numer¬ Washington, D.C. ous and spreading. The sterile pinnae A Guide to Hardy Ferns (1984) are often twice to even three times as Richard Rush broad as the fertile ones. The pinnules British Pteridological Society, are oblong to broadly oblong-lanceo¬ London late and rounded to obtuse. The sori Ferns and Fern Allies of Japan (1992) are usually borne on the upper 1/4 to Edited by Kunio Iwatsuki 3/4 of the frond. The indusia are Neibonsha Lts., Publishers, Tokyo

HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Spring 1994 Spore Exchange to contact the person who has the fern Thank You directly to obtain the spores while still Change Hands fresh. Please help Wayne with spore The Officers and Board Members of contributions, preferably cleaned, and the Hardy Fern Foundation would like After six years of dedication and hard do take a few minutes to add the to thank those members who gave work Jocelyn Horder is retiring as above and beyond the standard suggested information. Our best membership catagories: Curator of the American Fern Society wishes to Wayne for success in his new and Hardy Fern Foundation Spore undertaking. If you have any com¬ Contributors: Exchanges. Jocey has done a wonder¬ ments or suggestions regarding the Mrs. Thomas Anderson Mrs. Hugh Baird ful job and we will miss her good exchange please let him know and if cheer, patience and encouraging Mr. Naud Burnett you live in the vicinity of Winchester, Mrs. Phil Duryee manner, and only reluctantly concede VA and would be willing to help DO Mrs. Garrett Horder that she does indeed deserve some time get in touch. Mr. Charles Lamade for her many other pursuits. Mr. Marshall Majors Chris Spindel Wayne Baxter of 307 Riverdale Cir., Robert & Mary Ellen Tonsing The late Mrs. Pendleton Miller Stephenson, VA 22656 is taking over The late Mr. Thomas Gillies the exchange this spring and all 1994 spore collections should be sent to him Supporting: at the above address. Wayne is an Mrs. Charles Hyde amateur fern collector in Northern Active & Endowment: Virginia and has been growing ferns Elizabeth Boyd for about 5 years. Wayne has been hard Michael Concannon at work at his database and wants very Catharine Guiles much to expand the information that is William Plummer sent out in the spore list. It would be a Family & Endowment: tremendous help to him if you could Guy Huntley include as much information as Hairy & Sue Olsen possible about the fern when the spore Martha Robbins is contributed. This would include hardiness zone, soil preference, country of origin, evergreen/deciduous A Brief Book Review and any other pertinent information Crazy About Gardening Des Kennedy, Alaska Northwest Books, Seattle, WA that would be of interest to growers. He 1994. is particularly anxious to include the hardiness zone, but it is by no means a I recently received a review copy of the above book. It arrived at an ideal time....just requirement of donations and it is prior to a vacation... so I had the leisure to enjoy it and enjoy it I did. This is not a understood that many donors will be fern book. In fact there is but an occasional reference to our friend the Bracken. unable to accommodate this request. Neither is it a “how to” book but rather a collection of observations on the joys and While compiling this data will be an foibles of gardening AND gardeners. The author, a gardener to the core, and his wife immense task, in time we should have Sandy have carved out, quite literally, a place of their own on Denman Island in a very comprehensive list. It is also British Columbia’s Georgia Strait. Many of his observations will hit home, often in hoped that green spored ferns can be the funny bone. This is a book to be read with a friend, preferably a gardener so that added to the list. The way this will be when the reader erupts in laughter, the nugget can be shared. His chapters range from gardeners, to the garden’s components i.e. soil, water, trees, lawns and money. Let accomplished is: If you have the fern me quote from the chapter on trees, “One of the most magnificent components of available, let Wayne know when you gardening, trees also offer the amateur grower the grandest opportunities for send in your regular donations. When blundering on a collossal scale. Choosing the wrong species, locating it improperly, another member requests that fern, planting it incorrectly, pruning it inappropriately - a good -sized tree can easily Wayne will give them the address of become a monument to incompetence visible for blocks.” Enjoy! SSO the person who has the fern. The member who needs the spores will then

Spring 1994 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER m 1993 International habitats varying from subtropical to tongue-shaped fronds of Pyrrosia subalpine. Furthermore, Yakushima lingua. We also observed several fine Botanical Congress has a climate of tropical warmth and plants of Plagiogyria euphlebia with Excursion to Yaku Island humidity at low and mid elevations in its pinnate, dimorphic fronds. On tree summer, whereas deep, persistent snow trunks and branches we often saw 'Yakushima Treasury of Ferns' covers its mountains in winter. strings of Lemmaphyllum Dr. W. Carl Taylor, Milwaukee, Wl Therefore, isolation, topography, and microphyllum with orbicular, succu¬ climate may well have created the right lent, sterile fronds about 2 cm in conditions for many kinds of ferns and diameter and elongate fertile fronds fern allies found on Yakushima. about 3 cm high. There were also plants of Stegnogramma griffithi with During our first afternoon on fertile fronds bearing a beautiful Yakushima we visited Shiratani-unsui- network of linear, sori along its veins. kyo, a mid-elevation temperate cloud There are many species of Athyrium in forest about 600 feet high on the Japan and here we found A.nakanoi, A. northeastern side of the island. subrigescens, and A tozanense. Shrouded in clouds and mist almost Another large genus in Japan is everyday, this forest contains some of Diplazium and along the trail we saw the most valuable trees and some of the Diplazium kawakamii, D. most beautiful scenery on Yakushima. mettenianum, and D. subsinuatum. Here, among the fir {Abies firma) and fern-frond cypress (Chamaecyparis In the evening we checked into the fine obtusa) trees we encountered the yaku- accomodations provided for our stay by sugi, huge gnarled trees of the Japa¬ Hotel Tashiro Honkan. Here we nese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). removed our shoes before entering These centuries-old giant cedars rooms which had mats called tatami Twenty-seven members of the looming in the clouds and mist are an covering the floors. We wore robes “Yakushima Treasury of Ferns” field awesome site indeed. called yukatas, slept on mattresses trip gathered at the Kagoshima Kuko called futons and ate Japanese food Hotel on the evening of 22 August. The high humidity of this temperate with chopsticks while seated on the Field trip organizers welcomed us with cloud forest provides conditions floor. Generally, dinners consisted of commemorative tee shirts, an excellent favorable to many pteridophytes. Here several different kinds of seafoods and dinner of numerous Japanese delica¬ we saw Histiopteris incisa with its vegetables each attractively served in cies, and a slide show about large, glabrous, bipinnate fronds which separate bowls and plates. Yakushima (Yaku Island) and its are glaucous beneath and have mar¬ pteridophytes. ginal sori covered by a reflexed The next day we explored Arkawa marginal false indusium. Along the Dam and Yaku-sugi Land on the The next morning, we flew about 65 trail we examined several species of miles south of Kagoshima to Dryopteris including D. formosana Yakushima. Although Yakushima is with an abruptly long acuminate, ovate less than 20 miles in diameter, it blade, abundant subulate-linear, dark contains nearly 400 kinds of ferns and colored, saccate scales on its rachis, fern allies. Pteridophyte diversity on nearly sessile basal pinnae, and this small island has been related to pinnules with awn-tipped teeth, D. isolation, topography, and climate. hendersonii with multicellular spine¬ First, Yakushima is a somewhat like hairs on the upper side of its isolated island and endemic pterido¬ pinnules, and D. sabaei with the lower phytes have evolved here. Second, half of its stipe densely scaly, no scales Yakushima has a mountainous on its blade, and the upper portion of topography ranging in elevation from the pinnae axes winged. We saw many 1/2 x sea level to over 6,200 feet with tree branches bearing the simple, Xiphopteris okuboi

HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Spring 1994 esquirolii, and the fragile, little T. trunks. Also on tree trunks were the cystopteroides. On a low embankment filmy ferns Hymenophyllum we spotted Lindsaea odorata bearing oligosorum, H. polyanthos, and H. charactistic elongate sori with indusia Wrightii as well as Lepisorus onoes opening along the upper edge of the with simple, spatulate fronds only pinnae. As you might expect, the about 5 centimeters long and L. familiar bracken fern Pteridium thunbergianus with linear fronds up to aquilinum var. latiusculum grew along 20 centimeters or more long. the railroad tracks. Linear, strap-like fronds of Vittaria jlexuosa were The next day we traveled to the observed growing on a tree trunk and Suzunokoh River and Mount broad bipinnate fronds of Microlepia Mochoma area on the south side of strigosa were seen growing in rocky Yakushima. The moist, subtropical soil. Asplenium cheilosorum, with forests in this area are home to a great one-sided pinnae and sori on the teeth number of fern grew on a nearby rock exposure. We allies and ferns. also saw Stegnogramma gymnocarpa As for the fern with reticulate sori, Blechnum amabile, allies, we saw with leathery, dimorphic fronds, Psilotum southeastern side of Yakushima. Athyrium rejlexipinnum with deflexed nudum on a tree Around the parking area near the dam pinnae, and Cyrpsinus engleri with right along the were plants of Osmunda japonica round, naked sori in two series in the trail. Lycopo¬ which look much like our O. regalis. upper part of the each simple, linear- dium cemuum, Woodwardia japonica with large, lanceolate front. One of the strangest with nodding leathery, but graceful fronds bearing ferns we saw was Cheiropleura cones and L. proliferous plantlets also was there. bicuspis with leathery, ovate-lanceolate clavatum var. After carefully crossing an open trestle fronds. The fronds of this species are nipponicum, railroad bridge below the dam, we so firm that they rattle when they strike with long- hiked along railroad tracks where a against each other. The specific stalked, erect great number of pteridophytes were epithet bicuspis refers to a bicuspid cones, grew found. Dicranopteris linearis and toothing of the frond apex, but most of together on Gleichenia japonica with their the fronds we saw had acute, untoothed roadside characteristic falsely forking fronds apices. embankments. were abundant. In a shaded spot we In addition, we found Plagiogyria adnata, P. japonica, Driving to Yaku-sugi Land in the saw Lycopo¬ and P. euphlebia growing together. afternoon, we spied plants of Lycopo¬ dium hamiltonii Here it was easy to compare the sterile dium casuarinoides several meters clinging to and fronds of P. adnata with decurrent long climbing up steep embankments pinnae along side those of P. japonica along the roadside. Not far from the which have sessile pinnae and P. highway, we saw fine examples of the euphlebia which have slightly stalked tree fern Cyathea spinulosa. Japanese pinnae. We saw several species of Macaque or Snow Monkeys were seen Dryopteris including D. sparsa patrolling the roads. They stared at us characterized by sparsely scaly leaf intently from glassy, grey eyes in blades and sori with incurved indusia, bright red faces, but they seemed to D. indusiata with scaly blades and son lack an interest in the pteridophytes we covered by orbicular indusia, and D. were seeking. In the Yakusugi forest gymnosora with scaly blades and sori we searched for and found Xiphopteris without indusia. We also saw several okuboi, a tiny grammitid with pinnat- species of Thelypteris including T. ifid, comb-like fronds only a few acuminata, T. decursive-pinnata, T. centimeters long growing on the tree Thelypteris cystopteroides

Spring 1994 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER which are intermediate between its parents.

On the morning of the last day of the field trip we visited a mixed forest on a steep slope above the Hanage River at an elevation of about 250 m. Here we saw many of the species we had seen previously, but also some fine ferns we had not yet seen. Along the trail there were Lindsaea cambogensis, phlegmaria, with its pendulous cones, addition of D. bissetiana, D. pacifica Woodwardia kempii with deltoid fertile perched high in a tree, and several and D. hayatae, the latter with sparsely fronds, and Colysis hemionitidea with forms of L. serratum, with sporiferous scaled stipes and an indusium strongly round sori. Near the end of the trail, zones along its stems, in moist soil incurved along the margin. The we saw Cyrpsinus yakushimensis with along the trail. Selaginella was strongly dimorphic fronds of Bolbitis simple blades and depressed sori represented also by trail side plants of subcordata were spotted on shaded growing in abundance on rocks in a S. doederlienii, S. involvens, and S. slopes just off the trail. Its spreading dry stream bed and Elaphoglossum remotifolia. sterile fronds were occasionally yaoshinsgae growing on a tree trunk proliferous at their tips and erect fertile overhanging the stream bed. In addition to a great number of the fronds had sori covering the entire ferns we had seen the two previous lower surface of the slender pinnae. In the afternoon we visited Senpiro-no- days, many more species were found. Thelypteris was well represented here taki Falls where we had a picturesque The large, leathery fronds of with the presence of T. angustifrons, T. view of Yakushima’s coastline and Angiopteris lygodiifolia were fre¬ glanduligera, T. gracilescens, T. interior mountains. Our last stop was quently encountered during our hike. parasitica, and T. triphylla. Diplcaium at a sea turtle nesting beach along the Lygodium japonicum scrambled over also made a good showing with D. west coast of the island. On a rock shrubs at several places along the trail. dilatatum, D. donianum, and D. outcrop across the highway from the Additional filmy ferns included tomitaroanum. In addition we saw nesting beach we found Sphenomeris Cephalomanes obscurum, Cyrpsinus hastatus with long stipes Crepidomanes auriculatum, C. and hastate, temately parted blades. birmanicum, Hymenophyllum badium, Microsorium buergerianum with long- H. riukiuense, and showy plants of creeping rhizomes and round sori over Vandenboschia radicans were ob¬ 2 millimeters in diameter was there served spiraling up tree trunks. We and, for comparison, so was M. also saw Microlepia marginata with dilatatum with short creeping rhizomes pinnate, pubescent fronds, Lindsaea and oblong sori under 2 millimeters chienii with bipinnate fronds and across. Polypodium formosanum with wedge-shape pinnules, and thinly pubescent pinnatifid blades and Nephrolepis cordifolia running along veins forming areolae along the midrib the ground in dappled sunlight where was observed. We were fortunate to the overstory was thin. Several species see the hybrid Colysis X kiusiana of Pteris were examined including P. growing with its parents C. elliptica kiuschiuensis, P. tokioi var. and C. pothifolia. Colysis elliptica has yakushimensis, and P. semipinnata the broadly ovate blades 10-25 centimeters last with odd one-sided pinnae that long with 2-6 pinna pairs and obscure looked like they had been cut in half veins. Colysis pothifolia has narrowly with scissors. Arachniodes amabilis ovate blades 40-60 centimeters long with curving leathery pinnules bearing with 7-11 pinna pairs and raised veins. sori near their margins was found too. Colysis X kiusiana has irregularly 1/4 x Our list of Dryopteris grew with the shaped fronds, but it has features Histiopteris incisa

G3 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Spring 1994 biflora with blades that are more Wakabayashi, Mr. Mikio Watanabe, leathery than the fronds of and Mr. Jun Yokoyama, all did a Sphenomeris chiensis, a fern we often terrific job of attending to everyone’s saw on rock exposures around needs, answering our questions, and Yakushima. keeping us “on time and in line” to see the pteridophytes and the sites of This is only a sample of the pterido- Yakushima. Many thanks to our hosts phytes we saw on Yakushima. Profes¬ for this wonderful trip. I hope to have sor Keisuke Yasuda compiled a list of an opportunity to return their kindness 160 pteridophytes we observed during someday. the field trip. Ed. note: Dr. Taylor will be speaking on "Feming in Japan (with some Quillworts on the Side) ” at the Northwest Horticultural Society’s annual Fern Festival immediately following the Hardy Fern Foundation's annual meeting on Thursday evening June 2 at the Center for Urban Horticulture in Seattle. (See box on back cover).

The last evening on Yakushima our 1/2 x Japanese hosts treated us to an excel¬ Lycopodium casuarinoides lent dinner cruise on the Miyaouragawa River. In two open power boats lashed together, we ate, ‘The drank, talked, laughed, and even shot fireworks. A wonderful evening with (Hardy fern ff oundation's good friends to end a wonderful field trip. 1994 Plant Distribution I have participated in numerous field trips over the years, but the will take place in the fall. “Yakushima Treasury of Ferns” was one of the very best I have ever taken. Watch for your Our field trip leaders, Dr. Norio Sahashi, Dr. Mitsuyasu Hasebe, Mrs. Yuki Hasebe, Dr. Keisuke Yasuda, Dr. summer newsletter for Noriaki Murakami, Prof. Shigeo Masuyama, Prof. Reiko Yoroi, Dr. an announcement! Ryoko Imaichi, Mr. Yutaka Pteris semipinnata

Spring 1994 HARDY FERN FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Northwest Horticultural Society Fern Festival 1994

Thursday, June 2, Lecture “Feming in Japan (with some Quillworts on the Side)” by Dr. W. Carl Taylor 7:30 P.M. Center for Urban Horticulture, 3501 NE 41st St., Seattle, WA. Friday June 3, Garden tour at the home of Marshall Majors, 13175 Manzanita Rd. N.E., Bainbridge Island, WA 10:00 - Noon. Friday June 3, 1:00 - 5:00 and Saturday June 4,10:00 - 2:00 Plant sale with a huge selection of ferns and com¬ panions at the Center for Urban Horticulture.

Dr. Taylor is the Associate Curator of Botany at the Milwaukee Public Museum, a position he has held for 17 years. In addition he is an adjunct professor in the Botany Department at the University of Wisconsin. Dr. Taylor has travelled extensively and will share with us “The Yakushima Treasury of Ferns” the field trip associated with the 1993 XV International Botanical Congress (See article). Many of our best ornamentals originate in Japan and here is a wonderful opportunity to hear about them.

Our garden tour features the beautifrul garden that was created by Marshall Majors and his late wife Edna to surround their waterfront home. In addition to ferns, there is an extensive collection of mature rhododendrons in woodland settings and a delightful rock garden with special little treasures. To reach the garden from the Winslow ferry dock take highway 305 to just past the four-mile marker and turn left onto Day Rd. Go straight on Day Rd. about one mile and then turn right onto Manzanita Rd. The address is at the third set of mailboxes.

To announce your special event, please send particulars to Sue Olsen, 2003 128th Ave. S.E., Bellevue, WA 98005. Deadlines are April 1, July 1, and October 1. Please feel free to submit manuscripts as well. We look forward to hearing from all of you!!!

Odardy fern foundation NON-PROFIT P.O. Box 166 US POSTAGE Medina, WA 98039-0166 PAID SEATTLE, WA PERMIT NO. 4878