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The Biodiversity of Trichoptera Assemblage in Doi

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The Biodiversity of Trichoptera Assemblage in Doi ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Braueria Jahr/Year: 2012 Band/Volume: 39 Autor(en)/Author(s): Bunlue Pensri Artikel/Article: The biodiversity o f Trichoptera assemblage in Doi Suthep- Pui and Doi Inthanon National Parks, Chiang Mai, Thailand 7-21 7 BRAUERIA (Lunz am See, Austria) 39:7-21 (2012) environmental changes, while others demonstrate considerable tolerance. They have also shown the ability The biodiversity of Trichoptera assemblage in Doi to adapt to and thrive in a variety of instream habitats Suthep-Pui and Doi Inthanon National Parks, (V in s o n & H a w k in s , 1998). As such, Trichoptera serve Chiang Mai, Thailand as important bioindicators in studies of lotic ecosystems (N ö g r ä d i & U h e r k o v ic h , 1999; M a l ic k y , 2010). Pensri B u n l u e , Pomtip C hantaramongkol , Decha T h a p a n y a & Hans M a l ic k y To-date, 1000 species of Trichoptera have been identified throughout Thailand (M a l ic k y , 2010), Abstract beginning with the first Trichoptera study in 1987 at the The Trichoptera in Doi Suthep-Pui and Doi Inthanon Doi Suthep-Pui National Park (NP) (M a l ic k y & National Park (NP) was studied using light traps during C hantaramongkol , 1987). The research on 2009-2010. The study sites included five sites in Doi Trichoptera in Thailand not only involves taxonomic Suthep-Pui NP (i.e., Pu Ping water supply, evaluation, but also includes increasing work on their Montatam_upper, Montatamjower, Pa Lad, and Pa ecology, biology and biomonitoring (S o m p o n g & Ngerb at 1,171, 746, 693, 686 and 461 m asl, C hantaramongkol , 1999; T h a n i & respectively) and six sites in Doi Inthanon NP (i.e., C hantaramongkol , 1999; C h a ib u & al., 2002; Kaew Mae Pan_upper, Kaew Mae Pan_lower, T hamsenanupap & al., 2005). Among the many sites Siribhum, Siritam, Wachiratarn, and Mae Klang at where Trichoptera have been found, Doi Suthep-Pui NP 2,070, 2,051, 1,380, 890, 750, and 630 m asl and Doi Inthanon NP have been key research areas due respectively). A total of 4339 male Trichoptera to their species diversity and extraordinary environment. representing 195 species (122 identified species in Doi Most of the Trichoptera type specimens come from Suthep-Pui and 114 identified species in Doi Inthanon) these two areas (M a l ic k y , 2010). were collected in 87 light traps during the study period. Trichoptera data from previous light trap studies at Doi Ovemight light trap collecting by P r o m m i (1999) in Doi Suthep-Pui NP and Doi Inthanon NP (P r o m m i (1999) Suthep-Pui NP from 1998-1999 resulted in the and T hamsenanupap (2005)) were combined with identification of 153 different Trichoptera species along those from the present study to create a comprehensive the NP’s Huay Kaew stream (at 4 sampling sites with Trichoptera database thus allowing for comparison and elevation differences), and the Huay Koo Kaew and Pa evaluation of species diversity, distribution, and Lad streams. In 2002-2003, light trap collecting by abundance over time. The present database contains T hamsenanupap (2005) revealed 93 different species 23,702 individuals (males) belonging to 23 families and from the Montatam and Sai Yoi waterfalls in Doi representing a total of 319 species recorded at Doi Suthep-Pui NP, and 186 different species from the Huai Suthep-Pui and Doi Inthanon NPs. Establishment of Sai Lüang, Mae Pan Noi, Siribhum and Mae Klang this initial Trichoptera database will serve as a data streams in Doi Inthanon NP. repository for future expansion to other locations throughout Thailand, and will allow for the evaluation Additionally, T h a p a n y a & al. (2004) published a of best research practices, and the long-term assessment review of several Trichoptera studies that used various of the Conservation status of species and habitats. collecting methods and reported a total of 199 different species that were found in Doi Suthep NP and 249 Introduction different species found in Doi Inthanon NP including Freshwater ecosystems, particularly lotic ecosystems the altitudinal ränge and phenology. He concluded that (streams and rivers), are an essential resource for the the total number of species found in both national parks survival of many living organisms including human was 345; this represents about 34.5% of all the beings. Although lotic ecosystems represent a minute identified species in Thailand (M a l ic k y , 2010). fraction of the Earth’s water storage, they play a significant role in supporting a wealth of biodiversity With respect to the Conservation status of Trichoptera, and interdependent biosystems. As with virtually all as the result of their vulnerability to changes in habitat ecosystems on earth, lotic ones are facing increasing and water quality, IUCN has listed 4 species of pressure primarily from anthropogenic threats. The caddisflies as extinct (IUCN, 2010). In Hungary, primary threats that have been reported include Trichoptera species have been categorized into 6 groups overexploitation, watershed degradation, flow (unknown, extinct, endangered, vulnerable, presumed modification, instream habitat alteration, non-native vulnerable, and not threatened) and eleven threatened species invasion, pollution, and global climate change trichoptera species are legally protected (NÖGRÄDI & (A l l e n & F l e c k e r , 1993, D u d g e o n & al. 2006, U h e r k o v ic h , 1999). Further, S c h m e r a (2001, 2002, S t r a y e r & D u d g e o n , 2010). 2003 and 2004) developed a procedure to categorise the Conservation status of Trichoptera species and their Among the many animal species found in riverine habitat using a calculation based on their rarity, ecosystems around the world, Trichoptera in particular, abundance and occurrence, collected by light traps. represent taxa of crucial importance to the functional The purpose of the present study was to provide current and structural makeup of these ecosystems. They are data on the status of Trichoptera (collected using light great in species richness and abundance. Their special traps) in Doi Suthep-Pui and Doi Inthanon NPs and to role in the riverine ecosystem ecology has attracted construct a Trichoptera database that will facilitate the considerable study by biologists which is well- comparison and evaluation of species diversity, documented by the research on taxonomy, biology and distribution, abundance and rarity status at both NPs ecology in many regions, especially temperate zones. over time. Establishment of this initial Trichoptera Some species show particular sensitivity to database will serve as a data repository for future 8 expansion to other locations throughout Thailand, and In order to construct a comprehensive database for will allow for the evaluation of best research practices, Trichoptera, abundance data from P r o m m i (1999) and and the Iong-term assessment of the Conservation status T hamsenanupap (2005) were included with those from of species and habitats. the present study. This provided for a more complete evaluation of species richness and abundance and Methods allowed for comparison with the current study. The expected Trichoptera biodiversity was estimated using Mae Klang-Sob Aeb is a wide stream (about 10-13 m in EstimateS 8.2 (C o l w e l l , 2009). Random sampling in width). The water surface has full exposure, and the each area was used for calculations such as species predominant substrate is boulders. Wachiratam and accumulation predictor (Chao 1), abundance coverage Siritarn are turbulent waterfalls, with a high amount of estimator (ACE), and raw observed species (Sobs). discharge throughout the year and a dominant substrate Cluster analyses of the abundance data from the study of bedrock. Siribhum has a variety of microhabitats sites in each NP, were assessed using MVSP such as bedrock, boulder and gravel and the area along MultiVariate Statistical Package 3.1 (K o v a c h , 1999). the stream has been modified as a tourist attraction. A dendrogram was constructed to illustrate the Kaew Mae Parn_lower and upper reaches have dense similarity of the assemblages using Simpson’s riparian forest, water temperature less than 15°C Coefficienct and the UPGMA method. Simpson’s throughout the year, and a predominate substrate of Coefficient is defined by the following: rock, gravel and organic materials. Pa Ngerb stream reach has a variety of microhabitats in which gravel and 1 = <3/[a+m in(ö,c)] rock are predominant. Montatarn_upper and lower waterfalls are tourist areas, and the streambed has been a = number of species that were found in both modified and disturbed. The predominant substrate is assemblages bedrock, gravel and sand. Pa Lad has bedrock and b = number of species that were found only in gravel as the predominant substrate. During the hot dry assemblage 1 season, part of the stream dried out for few days. On Pu c = number of species that were found only in Ping water supply, the stream reach has been regulated assemblage 2 by a permanent dam. The predominant substrate includes bedrock and sand. Studv sites. The study sites were located in Doi Suthep-Pui and Doi Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (Figure 1). The study site locations included: Doi Inthanon NP Doi Suthep-Pui NP 1. Mae Klang-Sop Ab 18° 31'47" N 1. Pa Ngerb 18° 48’ 47" N (MK; 630 m asl) 98° 36' 34" E (PNG; 461 m asl) 98° 56’ 18” E 2.
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