NAT. NAT. HIST. BULL. SIAM Soc. 50(2): 195-210 ， 2002

PTERIDOPHYTE FLORA OF KHUN KORN WATERFALL FOREST PARK ，CHIANG RAI PROVINCE ，

Thaweesakdi Thaweesakdi Boonkerd J and Piyapong Ratcha ttJ

ABSTRACT

An enumeration of 白e pteridophytes of Kh un Kom Waterfall Forest Park ，Chiang Rai 丹ovince ，is presented. Th is is the first report for the area ，which in c1 udes 154 species and 11 infraspecific infraspecific taxa in 24 families and 64 genera. Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spr ・mg (Se1aginellaceae) (Se1aginellaceae) and Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. var. montana Ho1ttum (G1eicheniaceae) (G1eicheniaceae) are newly recorded for Th a i1 and. Furthermore ，unusual distributions of 14 pteridophyte pteridophyte species are discovered. This forest park ， in comparison wi 白 the other a匂oining protected protected areas ， shows high pteridophyte diversity. However ， two endemic fem species origi- nally nally collected from Chiang Rai Pr ovince cou1d not be found. Habitat degradation by humans has has probab1y reduced pteridophyte diversity in the park.

Key Key words: Chiang R剖附'O vince ，Dicranopteris linearis v訂'. montana ， fem survey ， new records ， pteridophytes ，Selaginella ciliaris

INTRODUCTION

Th ailand is estimated to have 10 ，000 species of vascular by SANTISUK ET A L.， (1991) ， but as many as 20 ，00ι25 ，000 species by 白e NATIONAL BIODIVERS 汀 Y UNIT (1 992). It is expected that with continued site-specific botanical surveys ，many new taxa or or new records will be found (OEPP ， 1996). Th us ， botanical research in many specific areas areas of 百 ail 佃 d is needed to add new knowledge ω出.e Fl ora of Th ailand Pr oj 倒 (SANTISUK ET AL. ， 1991). Despite Despite its rich diversity ，Chiang Rai is rather poorly explored botanically as comp 釘 ed with the neighboring province . A prelim 泊紅y survey of Kh un Kom Waterfall Waterfall Forest Park revealed the fem ，Lomagramma grossoserrata Holttum. Th is species was hitherto known only from the type collection from Phrae Pr ovince (T AGA WA & IWATSUKI ， 1988). It is believed that the forest park also houses other 百lai endemics ， such as as Antrophyum winitu Tagawa & K. Iwats. which has been found only once in Chiang Rai (TAGAWA & IWATSUKI ，1988). 百lis research project aimed to explore plant diversity at Khun Kom Waterfall Forest Park with specific reference to pteridophyte diversity.

I De partment of Botany ，Faculty of Science ，Chulalongkom University ， Bangkok 10330 ，Tha i1 and Received Received 25 September 2001; accepted 25 Ju1y 2002.

195 195 196 T HAWEESAKDI B OONKERD AND P IYAPONG R ATCHATA

Fi gure I. Map of Khun Korn Waterfa ll Forest Park, Chiang Rai Prov ince. PTERIDOPHYTE FLORA OF KHUN KORN WATERFALL FOREST PARK 197

THE STUDY AREA

Kh un Korn Waterfall Forest Park (1 9 0 51-54' N ，99 0 35-39' E) was established in 1979. 1979. It is located on the westem side of Mae Lao Forest and on the eastern side of Mae Kok Forest in Muang District ，Chiang Rai Province (Fig. 1) ，and is about 26 km northwest northwest of the city cente r. The forest park occupies parts of Mae Korn and Huai Chomphu subdistricts subdistricts and has a total area of 18 km 2 . It is bounded on the north by Doi Mae Korn at at Ban Pang Takhrai and Ban Pang Khon ，on the south by Doi Chang and Doi Mae Mon at at Ban Li So Mae Mon ，on the east by Huai Ya Dee ，and on the northwest by Doi Ki a. It It is a mountainous area ， lying in the continental highlands. PENDELTON (1962) described this this physiographic region as a southward extension of the of Myanmar. It s elevation elevation varies from about 625 m above sea level along highway 1208 to 1，635 m at the summit of Doi Kia. The climate of the area is monsoonal with a strong alternation of wet and dry seasons. The northwest monsoon causes heavy rain during August-Septembe r. February is 出e driest driest month due to the occu 町'ence of the dry northeast monsoon. The nearest meterological station station is in Chiang Rai at 394 m elevation. Climatological data covering 197 0- 2000 (Meteorological (Meteorological Department ，2000) show average annual rainfall of 1755 mm ，and average annual annual relative humidity of about 77% ， with the highest humidity during August-December of of 95%. The average annual temperature is about 24.1 oc. The average maximum temperaωre is is about 34.8 0 C in April ，and the average minimum is 12.0 0 C in January (Fig. 2). The vegetation of Kh un Korn Waterfall Forest Park can be classified into moist upper mixed deciduous forest ， dry upper mixed deciduous forest and hill evergreen forest (Royal Forest Forest Department ， 1962). Some pa 口s of the forest park ，especially the hill evergreen forest ， are disturbed by hilltribe people.

PREVIOUS STUDIES

During 1902-1932 ， Dr. A. F. G. Kerr was among the first pioneer botanists to explore plant plant diversity in Thailand. Most of his collections ， about 25 ，000 numbers including several type type specimens ，were sent to Kew Herbarium for identification. Most of the flowering plants plants were studied by D r. W. G. Craib who published his taxonomic work in Florae Siamensis Siamensis Enumeratio (LARSEN， 1979) but fems were studied by Dr. Eryl Smith. During 1957-1960 ， D r. R. E. Holttum of Kew collaborated in “ Studies in the Fl ora of Thailand". Thailand". He examined and identified 157 species of ，many of them reported for the first first time ，and new species were found. It was the first time that collections from various various p訂 ts of Thailand were studied together (SMITINAND ， 1962). During 1965-1966 ， Dr. M. Tagawa and Dr. K. Iwatsuki from Kyoto University collected more than 7，000 specimens of pteridophytes from all over the country. A total of 633 species species belonging to 132 genera and 34 families were enumerated and 25 new species were found ， 21 of these endemic to Thailand (TAGAWA & IWATSUKI; 1979 ，1985 ，1988 ， 1989). BOON 阻 RD & POLLA WA TN (2000) compiled data from various sources as well as from their own field trips to produce a checklist of ferns and fern allies in Thailand. A total of 671 species ，4 subspecies ，and 28 varieties belonging to 139 genera 姐 d 35 families families were enumerated. This checklist included 27 new records for Thailand. 198 THAWEESA KDI BOONKERD AND PIYAPONG R ATCHATA

100 -c -~ 80 I.""' ~ Q. '-' ..... 60 I I I I I :0- I I I ·e :::1 40 .c ~ -~ -cos 20 Q:j a: 0

40 -- 35 ~.. 30 ~ 25 ._,"<:l .. 20 :I .. 15 "'..c. ..s 10 I ~ 5

0

450 25 400 I 350 20 ~ c 300 ~ .. 15 ~ e 250 :c"' "' 200 c :c • 10 0 c 150 E .•. c e ~ 100 5 u ~ ::;: ::;: 50 0 ...... , > ...... ,rJJ 0 2 t::l .. , 3:: "<:l 3:: ~ <::> , :I r:::r .. ., .. :I=

Figure 2. Climatological Data during 1970- 2000 from Chi ang Rai Station at 394 m above sea level (Meteoro- logical Department, Bangkok, Thailand). • • mean rai nfall ...... mean rainy days PTERIDOPHYTE FLORA OF KHUN KORN WATERFALL FOREST PARK 199

Botanical Botanical surveys of pteridophytes in Chi 叩 g Rai Province ，however ， have been scarce. More site-specific plant collections are needed to determine the distribution of the pteridophyte pteridophyte flora.

METHODS

We made botanical surveys and collections from Khun Kom Waterfall Forest Park from October 1997 until October 1999. Attempts were made to visit all habitats and areas areas every month so as to cover all species distributions. Herbarium specimens were determined determined using keys to the families ， genera and species in T AGA WA & IWATSUKI (1979 ， 1985 ，1988 ， 1989). For comparison ，we examined herbarium specimens deposited at the following following herbaria: BCU ，BK ，BKF ，BM ，K ，L ， and P. Th e families of pteridophytes in 也is paper paper are arranged according to BOONKERD & POLLAWATN (2000) ， with genera listed alphabetically. alphabetically. Herbarium specimens have been deposited at the Professor Kasin Suvatabhandhu Suvatabhandhu Herbarium ， Department of Botany ，Chulalongkom University (BCU) ，釦 d at at the Forest Herbarium of the Royal Forest Department (BKF).

RESULTS

A to ta1 of 357 specimens of fems and fem allies were collected. Appendix 1 enumerates 138 138 species and 11 infraspecific t蹴 a belonging to 60 genera and 21 families of fems and 16 16 species belonging to 4 genera and 3 families of fem allies ，together with their habits ， habitats ，and abundance.

Pteridophyte Pteridophyte Habitat

τ'h e fems and their allies in the study area include terrestrial ，epiphytic ，lithophytic 釦 d rheophytic species (Table 1). Among the species collected ，terrestrials were the richest in in number (96 species) ，whilst rheophytes were represented only by Microsorum pteropus (Blume) (Blume) Cope l. (Polypodiaceae) ，a medium-size fem growing on rocks in streams or waterfalls. waterfalls. During the rainy season it can withstand flooding for a considerable period of time. time. It is not surprising that this rheophyte is a common aquarium species worldwide. 百 le distinction between terres 甘ial and lithophytic species is not always obvious. Li thophytes grow on top of or beside mostly bare rocks. Th ese pteridophytes grow fme ，extensive root systems ， enabling them to penetrate the rock crevices where humidity is available. Some of 出.e teη'es 凶al species include those growing on soil-covered rocks; for example heteroclita heteroclita (Presl) Ching ex C. Chr. ，Bolbitis virens (Hook. & Grev.) Schott var. virens (Lomariopsidaceae) ， Oleandra undulata (Willd.) Ching (Oleandraceae) and Microsorum cuspidatum cuspidatum (D. Don.) Tagawa (Polypodiaceae); and also Selaginella minutifolia Spring (Selaginellaceae). (Selaginellaceae). Apart from the 9 lithophytes ，2 other species of fems were found in two other other subs 回.t es: Lomagramma grossoserrata Holttum (terres 住ial or lithophyte) and Drynaria bonii bonii (epiphyte or lithophyte). 200 THAWEESAKDI BOONKERD AND I'rY APONG RATCHATA

Table Table 1. Number of pteridophytes according to habitat.

Group /H abitat Terrestrial Epiphyte Lithophyte Rh eophyte Fem allies 14 2 。。 Fems 82 49 9 1 Total Total 96 51 9 1

Pteridophyte Pteridophyte Diversity and Vegetation

Moist Moist upper mixed deciduous forest exists from 650 to 800 m. This type of forest is characterized characterized by seasonally high air humidity ， as well as a shady ground environment. Eighty Eighty species of pteridoph 戸es were found in 血is forest type with 59 te 汀'es 凶 al ，91i 出ophytic ， and 11 epiphytic species. Th e families best represented were Polypodiaceae (16 species) ， elypteridaceae Th elypteridaceae (1 3 species) ，Selaginellaceae (8 species) and (7 species). Dry upper mixed deciduous forest is found along ridges from 650 to 800 m. The ground ground vegetation 泊 this type of forest is more frequently affected by fire ，especially during during Janu 紅 y-Apri l. Fifty-two species of pteridophytes were collected; including 39 terrestrial terrestrial species and 13 epiphytic species. 百ley were mostly members of Polypodiaceae (11 (11 species) ，Thelypteridaceae (7 species) ， Adiantaceae (5 species) ，Dryopteridaceae (4 species) 叩 d Selaginellaceae (4 species). Hill Hill evergreen forest is usually found above 1，000 m. 百le relative humidity is high ， and and this type of forest contains more epiphytic species. In all ，80 species of pteridophytes were were found including 41 species of epiphytes and 39 terres 住ial species. Polypodiaceae (25 (25 species) ，Dennstaedtiaceae (7 species) ，Selaginellaceae (6 species) ， and Davalliaceae (6 (6 species) were the most common families.

Endemic Species

Of the 154 species of pteridophytes ，3 species endemic to Thailand were found in the study study area: Selaginella lindhardii Hieron ，Christella siamensis Tagawa & Iwatsuki. ，and Lomagramma grossoserrata Holttum. Selaginella lindhardii ， with a restricted dis 仕ibution in in Tak ，Bangkok and Ratchaburi (TAGAWA & IWATSU 阻 ，1979). Lomagramma grossoserrata ， known only from the type locality of Phrae Province (TAGAWA & IWATSU 阻， 1988) ， thrives thrives along stre 創 ns or waterfalls from 650 to 800 m in moist mixed deciduous fores t. Christella Christella siamensis has been collected from Phu Miang in Phetchabun and Phu Luang in Loei Loei Provinces (TAGAWA & IWATSUKI ， 1988).

New Records

Two taxa of ferns and fem allies 釘 e newly recorded for Thailand. Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) (Retz.) Spring ，known from mainland China ，Taiwan ，Philippines ，In dia ， and Australia (DEVOL ，1975a) ，is common in Kh un Kom Waterfall Forest Park in slightly exposed 訂 eas on the mountain slopes at 67 0- 800 m altitude (RACHATA & BOON 阻 RD ，2001). 百le other new record ，Dicranopteris linearis (Burrn.f.) Underw. var. montana Holttum ， is known from from tropical A 合ica ，Asia ， and Australia (DEVOL ， 1975b). This variety occurs in soil of mountain mountain ridges in dry forests from altitudes of about 950 to 1，300 m. PTERIDOPHYT E FLORA OF KHUN KORN WATERFALL FOREST PA RK 20 1

F igur e 3 -6. 3，Se lag in c/l a ciliari .l'， a ncw J巴co rcl for Thaila ncl on hill slop cs al 670 -800 III allilu cl es . 4 ，S lrobili

o f Sc lagi ne/l a cili a ri .l'. S，Di cmllo jJ leris lillear is v ar. III Olll o l1 a ，a new J巴co rcl for T hail ancl on Ill oun -

la in ricl ge al 975 III 孔Ililucl c. 6 ，V enali on ancl sori 0 1' Di crallOIJl e ris li l1 ea ri s va r. IIIOlllOlla 202 THAWEESA KDI BOONKERD AND P IYA PO NG R ATCHAT A

Figure 7- 10. 7, A popu lmion of wan kai noi, Cib01iwn baromelz on hill slopes at 900-1,200 m. 8, Drynaria parishii on a fallen moss y log in hill evergreen foresl a1 I ,3 50 m altitude. 9, Lomagramma grossoserraw. an endemic fern along stream from 650- 800 m in moist mixed deciduous foresr; showing ferli le pinnae. I 0, Diplaziwn murica/um by stream in moist mixed dec iduous fores t. PTERIDOPHYTE FLORA OF KHUN KORN WA'τERFALL FOREST PARK 203

DISCUSSION

Expected Species

A total 155 species of fems and fem allies are reported from Chiang Rai Pr ovince by TAGAWA & IWATSUKI (1 979-1989). Th ese include 3 endemic fem species ，viz. Bolbitis tonkinensis tonkinensis (C.Chr. ex Ching) K. Iwats. (Lomariopsidaceae) ，Anthophyum winittii Tagawa & K. Iwats. (Vittariace 鵠)， and Cyathea chinensis Cope l. (Cyatheaceae) only collected from Chiang Rai. These were not found during our surveys. However ，Bolbitis tonkinensis is is rare 加Th ailand since only one collection has been made in Chiang Rai at 550 m altitude (TAGAWA & IWATSUKI ， 1988). Anthophyum winittii also a rare endemic species known only only from the type specimen ， although ANUSARNSUNTHORN ET AL. (1999) reported this species species in Doi Luang National Park ， Chiang Rai. Cyathea chinensis ，a 位'ee fem ，is also rare in 百四land ， with its southem-most distribution in Chiang Rai (TAGAWA & IWATSUKI ， 1979). 1979). Kh un Kom Waterfall Forest Park is in a mountainous area where tribal people still practice practice shifting cultivation and the forests have been severely degraded and modified. Parts Parts of the study 紅 'ea have been deforested ，and a consequence ，some pteridophytes have prob 油 ly been extirpated.

New Information on Pteridophyte Di stribution in Thailand

Among the 154 species and 11 infraspecific taxa studied ，79 taxa have been previously recorded recorded from Chiang Rai Provinc 怠 (TAGAWA & IWATSUKI; 1979 ，1985 ，1988 ，AND 1989) ， whereas whereas 86 t鉱 a have not been recorded previously ，including widespread species such as Bolbitis Bolbitis appendiculata (Willd.) K. Iwats. (Lomariopsidaceae) ，Blechnum orientale L.， (Blechnaceae) (Blechnaceae) and Tectaria angulata (Willd.) C. Chr. (Dryopteridaceae). Fourteen Fourteen species have never been found in northem 百lailand previously (MAXWELL ， 2002; 2002; TAGAWA & IWATSUKI; 1979 ，1985 ， 1988 AND 1989). 百lese 釘 e: Aspleniaceae: Aspleniaceae: Asplenium macrophyllum Sw. ， Asplenium perakense Mathew & Christ ， Gleicheniaceae: Gleicheniaceae: Dicranopteris curranii Cope l.; Hymenophyllaceae: Hymenophyllaceae: Hymenophyllum acanthoides (van den Bosh) Cope l.， Trichomanes bimarginatum bimarginatum van den Bosch; Polypodiaceae: Polypodiaceae: Belvisia mucronata (Fee) Cope l.， Pyrrosia varia (Kaulf.) Farw. ， Lepisorus Lepisorus suboligolepidus Ching; Pteridaceae: Pteridaceae: Pteris tripartita Sw.; Selaginellaceae: Selaginellaceae: Selaginella wallichii (Hook. & Grev.) Spring; elypteridaceae: Th elypteridaceae: Pronephrium glandulosum (Blume) Holttum; Vittariaceae: Vittariaceae: Vittaria angustifolia B l.; Woodsiaceae: Woodsiaceae: Diplazium petri Tard. ， Diplazium simplicivinium Holttum. Four of these 14 species ，namely Asplenium perakense ，Pronephrium glandulosum ， Selaginella Selaginella wallichii and Trichomanes bimarginatum ，have previously been recorded only in in peninsular Th ailand ， Malaysia and In donesia. Th eir occu 町'ence in Chiang Rai indicates disjunct a disjunct dis 凶 bution (Ho 1.:甘 UM ， 1954; TAGAWA AND IWATSUKI ，1979 ，1985 ，AND 1988). 204 THAWEESAKDI BOONKERD AND PIYAPONG RATCHATA

Pteridophyte Pteridophyte Di versity

Some workers have used the species/genus ratio to assess taxonomic diversity of plants plants and animals (e.g. BARNOSKY Ef A L.， 2001; CONGDON ， 1982). Accordingly ，出e pteridophyte pteridophyte diversity found in the pぽ k can be comp 紅 'ed with that re 氾orded in nearby protected 紅 'eas 也 Chiang Mai and Chi 組 g Rai (Table 2).τ 'h e species/genus ratio for Khun Kom Waterfall Forest Park is 2.33 ， while the highest and lowest values were from Doi

Suthep- Pu i and Doi Luang ，r，巴 spectively. 百 e general similarity between Kh un Kom Waterfall Forest Forest Park and the other four sites ，despite its much smaller size ，suggests 白at 血is park is is P紅 ticularly rich in pteridophyte diversity. However ，more comprehensive studies and intensive intensive surveys of pteridophytes need to be carried out in the other four areas mentioned.

Table Table 2. Summary of pteridophyte diversity in five northem protected areas. WS = wildlife sanctuary ，NP = national park

Protected Protected area Bedrock Al titude Tota! area Families Genera Species Species/ (m) (m) (km 2) genus ratio Doi Doi Chiang Li mestone 300 ー2，225 521 18 46 98 2.13 Dao WS 1.2.3

Doi In thanon Granite ， 300 ー2，565 272 24 67 171 2.55 N p4 !imestone Granite Granite 35ι1 ，685 261 27 65 174 2.67 Dpuoi Dpuoi iNSPu 血5，6ep-

Doi Luang Gr; 佃 ite ， 40 0- 1，710 1170 21 48 87 1. 81 Np 7 limestone Khun Kom Granite ， 625-1 ，635 18 24 66 154 2.33 Waterfall Waterfall limestone Forest Forest Park

Notes Notes : INANAKORN (1 998); 2MAXWELL (1 992); 3MAXWELL (1 998); 4KoYAMA (1 986); 5TAGAWA & IWATSUKI (1979 ，1985 ，1988 AND 1989); 6MAXWELL & EL Ll OTT (200 1); 7ANu sARNSU 附 HORN ET AL. (1999)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

百1I s work was supported by 血e TRF /B IOTEC Biodiversity Research and Tra 加ing Program Program Grant BRT 140009. We wish to exp 民 ss our sincere 血創1k s to 白 e curators and staff staff of the following institutions: BK ，BKF ，BM ，K ，P and L ， for their kind permission to to study pteridophyte specimens. Our thanks are due to the former and present heads and staff staff of Khun Kom Waterfall Forest Park for their cooperation during our fieldwork. 官1I s paper paper improved marked!y from the comments of anonymous reviewers ， to whom 1 am very gratefu l. PTERIDOPHYTE FLORA OF KHUN KORN WATERFALL FOREST PARK 205

REFERENCES

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Appendix 1. Th e Pteridophytes of Kh unkorn Waterfall Forest Park. Habit: Habit: T = terrestrial herb ，E = epiphytic herb ，L = lithophytic herb R= rheophytic herb Habitat: Habitat: 1 = Moist Upper Mixed Deciduous Forest 2 = Dry Upper Mixed Deciduous Forest 3 = Hill Evergreen Forest Abundance: Abundance: R = rarely found UC = uncommon C = common A = abundant

Family Family Species Habit Habitat Abundance Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiaceae Huperzia hamiltonii (Spreng.) Trevis. E UC Lycopodiella Lycopodiella cernua ι) Pic. Senn. T 2 C Selaginellaceae Selaginellaceae Selaginella amblyphylla Al ston T UC Selaginella Selaginella ciliaris (R etz.) Spring T UC Selaginella Selaginella delicatula (D esv. ex Poir.) T 3 C Alston Alston Selaginella Selaginella he 俳ri Warb. T 2，3 UC Selaginella Selaginella inaequalifolia T UC (Hook. (Hook. & Grev.) Spring Selaginella Selaginella involvens (Sw.) Sp 巾19 E 3 UC Selaginella Selaginella kurzii Baker T 2，3 UC Selaginella Selaginella lindhardii Hieron. T 1，3 UC Selaginella Selaginella minutifolia Spring T 1，2 UC Selaginella Selaginella monospora Spring T UC Selaginella Selaginella penna ω (D. Don) Spring T 2，3 UC Selaginella Selaginella te 制約 lia Sp 血g T UC Selaginella Selaginella wallichii (Hook. & G偲 v.) T UC Spring Spring uisetaceae Eq uisetaceae Equisetum debile Roxb. ex Vauch. T UC Marattiaceae Marattiaceae Angiopteris evecta (G. Fors t.) Hoffm. T C Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossaceae Botrychium lanuginosum Wal l. ex T 3 R Hook. Hook. & Grev. Ophioglossum Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook. T C Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum acanthoides (Bosch) L UC Roscens t. Hymenophyllum Hymenophyllum exsertum Wal l. ex Hook. E 3 UC Hymenophyllum Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Sw.) Sw. E 3 C rrichomanes rrichomanes bimarginatum Bosch L UC Gleicheniaceae Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris curranii Cope l. T 2 UC Dicranopteris Dicranopteris linearis (Burm .f.) Underw. T 2，3 C var. var. linearis Dicranopteris Dicranopteris linearis (Bunn .f.) Underw. T 2 UC var. var. mon ω na Holttum Schizaeaceae Schizaeaceae Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. T 1，2，3 C Lygodium Lygodium polystachyum Wal l. ex T. Moore T 1，2，3 C Lygodium Lygodium salicifolium C. Pre sl T 1，2，3 C PTERIDOPHYTE FLORA OF KHUN KORN WATERFALL FOREST PARK 207

Family Family Species Habit Habitat Abundance

Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis punc ωω( 官lU nb.) Mett. T 3 UC ex ex Kuhn Microlepia Microlepia calvescens (W al l. ex Hook.) T 3 C C. C. Pr esl Microlepia Microlepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore T 1，2，3 C Microlepia Microlepia strigosa (Th unb.) C. Pre sl T 3 C Pteridium Pteridium aquilinu 明(L.) Kuhn subsp. T 3 A aquilinum aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. Underw. ex A. Heller Pteridium aquilinum aquilinum Pteridium (L.) Kuhn subsp. T 1，2，3 C aquilinum aquilinum var. wightianum (J. Agardh) R.M. R.M. Tryon Pteridium aquilinum aquilinum Pteridium (L.) Kuhn subsp. T 2，3 C caudatum caudatum var. yarrabense Domin

Dicksoniaceae Dicksoniaceae Cibotium barometz J. Sm. T 1，2，3 C ndsaeaceae Li ndsaeaceae Li ndsaea ensifolia Sw. T 1，2，3 C Sphenomeris Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon var. T 2 R divaricata divaricata (H. Christ) K.U. Kr amer Cyatheaceae Cyatheaceae Cyathea gigantea (W al l. ex Hook.) T UC Holttum Holttum Adiantaceae Adiantaceae Adiantum caudatum L. T 2 UC iantum Ad iantum philippense L. T 1，2，3 A Cheilanthes Cheilanthes belangeri (Bory in Belang.) T 2 C C. C. Chr. Cheilanthes Cheilanthes tenuifolia (B urm .f.) Sw. T 2 C

Pi ηrogram 問 calomelanos ι.) Li nk T 2 C Pteridaceae Pteridaceae Pteris aspericaulis Wal l. ex. J. Agardh T 3 UC Pteris Pteris asperula J. Sm. T UC Pteris Pteris biaurita L. T 1，2 C Pteris Pteris linearis PO 甘'et T 3 UC Pteris Pteris longipes D. Don T UC Pteris Pteris triparti ωSw. T 3 UC Pteris Pteris venus ωKunze T 2，3 C Pteris Pteris wallichiana J. Agardh T UC Pteris Pteris vittata L. T 1，2 C Vittariaceae Vittariaceae Antrophyum callifolium Blume E 1，2 UC Vittaria Vittaria angustifolia Blume E 3 C Vittaria Vittaria sikkimensis Kuhn E 3 C

Asple 凶ace 初 Asplenium macrophyllum Sw. L R Asplenium Asplenium nidus L. E 1，2，3 C

」一一 208 THAWEESAK Dl BOONKERD AND PrY APONG RATCHATA

Family Family Species Habit Habitat Abundance Asplenium Asplenium obscurum Blume L UC Asplenium Asplenium perakense B. Mathew & T 3 UC H. H. Christ Asplenium Asplenium unilaterale Lamk. L UC Asplenium Asplenium yoshinagae Makino T 3 C Blechnaceae Blechnaceae Blechnum orientale L. T 2 R Brainea Brainea insignis (Hook.) 1. Sm. T 2，3 C Woodwardia Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm. T 3 R

Lomariopsidaceae Lomariopsidaceae Bolbit 臼appendiculata (Willd.) K. Iwats. L C subsp. subsp. vivipara (Hamil t. ex Hook.) Hennipman Hennipman Bolbitis Bolbitis heteroclita (C. Presl) Ching T C Bolbitis Bolbitis sinensis (Baker) K. Iwats. v訂. T C costulata costulata (Hook.) Tagawa & K. Iwats. Bolbitis Bolbitis virens (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) T A Schott Schott var. virens Elaphoglossum Elaphoglossum stelligerum (Wal l. ex E 3 C Baker Baker in Hook. & Baker) T. Moore ex ex Alston & Bonner Elaphoglossum Elaphoglossum yoshinagae (Yatabe) E 3 UC M 法mo Lomagramma Lomagramma grossoserrata Holttum T，L C Woodsiaceae Woodsiaceae Athyrium dissitifolium (Baker) C. Chr. T 3 UC D 伊lazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. T C D伊lazium leptophyllum Baker ex H. Christ T UC Diplazium Diplazium muricatum (Met t.) Alderw. T UC D 伊lazium petri Tardieu T UC Diplazium Diplazium polypodioides Blume T UC D 伊lazium siamense C. Chr. T R D 伊lazium simplicivenium Holttum T 3 UC Kuniwatsukia Kuniwatsukia cuspidata (Bedd.) Pichi-Serm. T 3 UC Dryopteridaceae Dryopteridaceae Arachniodes henryi (H. Christ) Ching T 2，3 UC opteris Dη opteris cochleata (D. Don.) C. Chr. T 2，3 C Pterid ηIS， cnemidaria (H. Christ) T A C. C. Chr. & Ching Polystichum Polystichum attenuatum Tagawa & K. Iwats. T 3 R Tectaria Tectaria angulata (Willd.) C. Chr. T C Tectaria Tectaria devexa (Kunze ex Mett.) Cope l. T UC Tectaria Tectaria fauriei Tagawa T R Tectaria Tectaria fusc 伊 es (Wall. ex Bedd.) C. Chr. T UC Tectaria Tectaria impressa (Wal l. ex Hook.) C. Chr. T 1，2 UC Tectaria Tectaria po かmorpha (Wall. ex Hook.) Cope l. T 1，2，3 C PTERIDOPHYTE FLORA OF KHUN KORN WATERFALL FOREST PARK 209

Family Family Species Habit Habitat Abundance Thelypteridaceae Thelypteridaceae Amphineuron terminans (1. Sm.) Holttum T 1，2，3 C Christella Christella arida (0. Oon) Holttum T UC Christella Christella crinipes (Hook.) Holttum T UC Christella Christella dentata (Forssk.) Ho It tum T C Christella Christella papilio (C. Hope) Holttum T UC Christella Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev. T 2 UC Christella Christella siamensis Tagawa & K. Iwats. T 3 UC Christella Christella suhelata (Baker) Holttum T 1，2 UC Cy c/ osorus hu 泊 O /'ll S (c. Chr.) Ching T 2，3 UC Macrothelypteris Macrothelypteris oma 似(1. Sm.) Ching T UC Macrothelypteris Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching T UC Pronephrillm Pronephrillm asperum (C. Presl) Ho It tum T 1，2 UC Pronephrium Pronephrium glandlllosllm (Blume) Hol 伽 m T UC Pnellmatopteris Pnellmatopteris trunca ω(Poir.) Holttum T C Pronephrillm Pronephrillm lakhimpurense (Rosens t.) T 1，2，3 C Holttum Holttum Pronephrium Pronephrium nudatum (Roxb.) Holttum T 1，2 A OavaIIiaceae OavaIIiaceae Araiostegia pselldocystopteris (Kunze) Cope I. E 3 C Araiostegia Araiostegia pulchra (0. Oon) Cope I. E 3 C Davallia Davallia trichomanoides Blume var. E 3 C /orrainii /orrainii (Hance) Holttum Davallia Davallia trichomanoides Blume var. E 3 C trichomanoides trichomanoides Humata Humata repens (L. f.) J. SmaII ex Oiels E 2，3 C Leucostegia Leucostegia immersa C. Presl E 3 UC

Oleandraceae Oleandraceae Nephro た'pis de /i catula (Oecne 目) Pic.-Serm. E 3 R Nephrolepis Nephrolepis falcata (Cav.) C. Chr. L R Oleandra Oleandra undulata (W iII d.) Ching T 2，3 A Polypodia ω， ae Aglaomorpha coronans (Wal I. ex Met t.) Cope I. E 1，2， 3 UC Arthromeris Arthromeris amplexifolia (H. Christ) Ching E 3 UC 8elvisia 8elvisia mucrona ω(Fee) Cope I. E 1，3 UC 8elvisia 8elvisia henryi (Hieron. ex C. Ch r.) Raymond E 1，2 UC Crypsinus Crypsinus cruciformis (Ching) Tagawa E 3 UC Crypsinus Crypsinus oxyloh ω(WaII. ex. Kunze) Sledge E 3 C Drynaria Drynaria honii H. Christ E，L UC Drynaria Drynaria parishii (Bedd.) Bedd. E 1，2，3 A Drynaria Drynaria propingua (Wa Il. ex Met t.) J. Sm. E 3 C ex ex Bedd. Drynaria Drynaria rigidula (Sw.) Bedd. E 3 R Goniophlehium Goniophlehium amoenllm (Wal I. ex Met t.) E 3 UC 1. 1. Sm. ex Bedd. Goniophlehillm Goniophlehillm a1 宮utum 1. Sm. ex Hook. E 3 UC 210 THA WEESAKDI BOON 阻 RD AND PIYAPONG RATCHATA

Family Family Species Habit Habitat Abundance

Lemm 四iphyllum carnosum (Hook.) C. Pre sl E UC

Lepisorus Lepisorus con ωrt ω， 但. Christ) Ching E 3 UC Lepisorus Lepisorus hetero/epis (R osens t.)口山 g E 3 UC Lepisorus Lepisorus nudus (Hook.) Ching E 3 C Lepisorus Lepisorus sc%pendrium 但uch.-Ham. E UC Ex Ex O. Oon) Mehra & Bir Lepisorus Lepisorus subconfluens Ching E 3 UC Lepisorus Lepisorus suboligo/epidus Ching E 3 UC Leptochilus Leptochilus decurrens Blume T C Leptochilus Leptochilus ellipticus ('百lU nb.) N∞t. T UC xogramme Lo xogramme chinensis Ching E UC Loxogramme Loxogramme invo/uta (0. Oon) C. Pre sl E 3 UC Microsorum Microsorum cuspidatum (0. Oon) Tagawa T R Microsorum Microsorum membranaceum (0. Oon) Ching E 3 UC Microsorum Microsorum pteropus (Blume) Cope l. R U Microsorum Microsorum punc ωtum ι) Cope l. E C Microsorum Microsorum rubidum (K 即泡) Cope l. T UC Microsorum Microsorum zippelii (Blume) Ching E UC P/aty α rium ho/ttumii Jonch. & Hennipman E 1，2 UC Pl 仰， ceri 肌 wallichii H ∞k. E 2，3 C Pyrrosia Pyrrosia adnascens (Sw.) Ching E 2 C Pyrrosia Pyrrosia Ii ngua ('百lU nb.) Farwell. v飢 E 3 C heteractis heteractis Hovenkamp Pyrrosia Pyrrosia Ii ngua ('Th unb.) Farwell. v低 Ii ng 削 E 2，3 C Pyrrosia Pyrrosia mannii (Giesenh.) Ching E UC Pyrrosia Pyrrosia mollis (K unze) Ching E 2 C Pyrrosia Pyrrosia nuda (Giese 油.) Ching E 2 C Pyrrosia Pyrrosia s咋mosa (Sw.) C凶Ig E 1，2，3 C Pyrrosia Pyrrosia tokinensis (Giese 油.) Ch 同 E 3 UC Pyrrosia Pyrrosia varia (Ka ulf.) F釘w. L UC