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National Marathon Championships from 1930 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia Until 2010 in the Republic of Serbia

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National Marathon Championships from 1930 in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia Until 2010 in the Republic of Serbia Repić Ćujić V., Juhas I., National Marathon Championships from 1930... PHYSICAL CULTURE 2013; 67 (1): 48-60 Vesna Repić Ćujić 1 796.422.16.093(497.11) Irina Juhas2 Original scientifi c paper 1 Serbian Institute for Sports and Sports Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia 2 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Belgrade, Serbia NATIONAL MARATHON CHAMPIONSHIPS FROM 1930 IN THE KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA UNTIL 2010 IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Abstract The worldwide appearance of marathon, as athletic discipline, resulted in organizing of National Championships as well. In the majority of countries, they occurred between the two world wars, same applying to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The goal of this research was to fi nd, gather, reconstruct and critically analyse the data about national championships from 1930 to 2010. With regard to the time frame, depending on historical events, it was divided into following periods: 1. from the 1st National Championship in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1930 to 1939; 2. from the National Championship of DFY in 1949 to 1990; 3. from 1992 to 2003, when Serbia and Montenegro ceased to exist; 4. from 2003 to 2010. The fi rst data mentioning national championship goes back to 1930. The idea, according to the found information, was initiated by the marathon runner Dimitrije Stefanovic. During the period from 1930 to the beginning of the World War II, ten marathon championships had been held, one of which took place in Belgrade. There were only few competitors, which was also common for the national championships of other countries. During the period from 1949 to 1991, marathon was mainly organized within the national championships together with other disciplines, and after that, it became part of mass marathons. The analysis of quality and quantity of marathon national championships showed a great diversity. The results and number of competitors participating in marathons as part of the national championships were affected by: politics, the way of organizing marathon races, important events’ dates, and later on prize money paid by the organizers of mass marathons. Key words: ATHLETICS / MARATHON / NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS INTRODUCTION The worldwide appearance of marathon, as where there were already competitions in other ath- athletic discipline, resulted in organizing of National letic disciplines. Championships as well. In most countries, their oc- Marathon Championship were developed currence was between the two world wars, as it was in from races whose length was about 40km (length the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The continuity of these of the marathon route and their measurement was contests may not be mentioned until 1908, because it not uniform), or from the competition on shorter did not exist. In most countries before 1918., athletic distances (20 km or more). Neither the establishment organizations at the state level did not exist. National of the International Amateur Athletic Federation championships in marathon were mainly organized (IAAF) 1912. had any signifi cant impact on the by the countries where athletics was developed, or number of states in which national championships 48 Correspondence to: Irina Juhas, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Blagoja Parovića 156, Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: [email protected] Repić Ćujić V., Juhas I., National Marathon Championships from 1930... PHYSICAL CULTURE 2013; 67 (1): 48-60 in this discipline were organized. Maintaining the depending on the historical events, can be divided continuity of national marathon championships into four periods: infl uenced international competitions, the number 1. from the fi rst state championship in the of athletes who practiced this discipline, politics, Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1930 until 1939; economic conditions, wars. There were examples that 2. from the state championship DFJ 1949 until regional marathon championship were organized, but 1991, nationally they did not exist (in Australia, although 3. since 1992 to the dissolution of Serbia and there was a „Australasian Athletic Union,” only one Montenegro; region organized competitions however no national 4. since 2006 to 2010. championship was held). There is also evidence that the national championships were organized only during the period before the First World War, and the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION interruption lasted to the end of the Second World War. In Norway, national marathon championships were organized in in the period from 1897 to 1901, and The fi rst data mentioning the national mara- after that only after 1950. During the period between thon championship date back in 1930. According to the 1919 and 1945, a crucial growth in number of the daily “Politika”, Belgrade was scheduled to host national competitions occurred around 1927. In the the fi rst marathon competition of the Kingdom of Yu- Olympic years, no larger shifts in number of organized goslavia on 13 July1930, and the organizers were to competitions were recorded. The beginning of the be “Track and Field Committee” and the sport club global crisis caused a slight decrease in the number “Soko”. The idea was launched, according to the ob- of organized national championships, while the tained data, by Dimitrije Stefanovic. Thanks to his direct impact of the termination of the contest was knowledge about the discipline, his experience as a the start of the Second World War. During the First participant in the Vienna Marathon 1927, the 1928 World War in Denmark, Hungary, Sweden and the Olympics, his offi ce held in the Sports Club, Soko, United States there was no interruption in organizing Belgrade Track and Field Committee and Yugoslav the championships, likewise during the World War Track and Field Committee, he designed all the II. In certain periods, and in some years, continuity events related to the upcoming championship. was maintained by organizing a marathon race over Realizing the seriousness of the effort, which shorter distances (30 - 38km, e.g. France). was placed to the participants, preparatory races In the Kingdom of Serbia, since the origin of were organized, such as the race “International race marathon by the end of the First World War, two races through Belgrade”, and their schedule was published were held on the shorter distances and one marathon, as election race for the 1912Olympic Games, which in the press. ,,As we have previously reported on St. was not considered the national championship. The Vitus Day major international 25-km race will be aim of this study was to identify, collect, restore held in Belgrade, modelled after similar games in and critically analyze data about national marathon Berlin, Paris, London, New York and so on.”. For this championships in the period 1930-2010 in the former competition, detailed propositions were published in Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia nowadays. the magazine “Vreme” 01 June 1930, page 6. Choos- ing the date of 28th June was a good marketing move. Great interest for the competition was aroused, not only in Belgrade and throughout the Kingdom, but METHOD abroad as well. The number of registered athletes was above all expectations. Interestingly, foreign runners For the purpose of this research historical, had special fi nancial requirements for participation in causal and descriptive method were applied. Data marathon and since they could not be met, some of were collected about all marathon championships the competitors were absent. For the fi rst time stop- and the reconstruction of the marathon race were per- watch was used, as evidenced by the writing of the formed, to the possible extent. The observed period, results (4/5). It is interesting that they four catego- ries were predicted in order to involve more runners. 49 Repić Ćujić V., Juhas I., National Marathon Championships from 1930... PHYSICAL CULTURE 2013; 67 (1): 48-60 Payment of the start fees amounting to 20 dinars was propositions for the 25km race. The competition was mentioned for the fi rst time. announced as Yugoslav Marathon on the track 42 km long and 200 m with the following Propositions: Table 1. Ranking in the 25-km race, Belgrade 28 1. Running is international and is held according June 1930 to the rules and with the permission of local government units. Pl. COMPETITOR Results 2. Start is located near Kalemegdan and the track leads through Knez Mihajlova, Terazije, King 1. Simović (Soko, Beograd) 1:40:03 4/5 Milan, Milos the Great, Topčiderski road, road to Umka and back to the cafe „Mostar“ 2. Mizerovski Jaroslav (A. F. K., Kolin) 1:43:10 4/5 and Vajfertova street, next to a colony of the 3. Simić (Beograd) 1:54:12 Ministry of Transport to the BSK playing fi eld, where the fi nish will be. In case this track 4. Đorđević (Jugoslavija, Beograd) NT* could not be used due to technical failure, alternatively Avala road shall be used with the 5. Puškarić (Jugoslavija, Beograd) NT fi nish at the fi eld of „Yugoslavia“ 6. Belas Vjekoslav (Maraton, Zagreb) NT 3. Application fee is RSD 20 per person. 4. Applications should be sent to: Dim. 7. Žinić (Niš) NT Stefanovic, „Radio“ A.D. Belgrade, Academy of Sciences no later than July, 6th 1930. 8. Gombar (Niš) NT 5. Running is held by the following categories A. Seniors; B. Newcomers, C. Soldiers; D. 9. Maksimović (Beograd) NT Runners who do not belong to any club. 10. Švitki (Beograd) NT 6. First Yugoslav to arrive at the fi nish shall get the title „The state champion of marathon Stefanović Dimitrije (Soko, Beograd) DNF** running for the year 1930”. 7. Prizes: winners receive honorary gifts. Šporn Stanislav (Ilirija, Ljubljana) DNF 8. The runners who have not run a marathon Kisač (Beograd) DNF before will be examined by a doctor before start. Upon the fi rst call of doctors they are Čolić (Beograd) DNF obliged to give up the contest.
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