E2999 v1

Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR ROAD SAFETY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

UKRAINE

2007 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. PHYSIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REGIONS ALONG THE ROAD 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM THE PROJECT 5. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 6. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 7. MEASURES FOR MAINTENANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 8. COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF INVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 9. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION

2 INTRODUCTION

The Feasibility Study for development of Kyiv-Kharkiv-Debaltsevo-Izvaryne Motorroad (M- 03, M-04) was developed by Ukrdiprodor State Enterprise with involvement of Kharkiv Branch of Kharkivdiproshliakh , Donetsk Branch of Ukrdiprodor , the Regional Research Center of Salvage Archeological Service, and Kyivsoyuzshliakhproject Close Corporation by virtue of Task # 20-1/05 issued on 10 February 2005 by the Motorroad Service in Kharkiv Oblast and approved by Ukravtodor State Motorroad Service of Ukraine. The Environmental Impact Assessment Section was developed by Geotechnologiyi Ltd. This Book of Environmental Impact Assessment Section is about assessment of environmental impact from the project in Kyiv and Poltava Oblasts. M-03 with M-04 Motorroad connects the capital of Ukraine with Ukraine’s eastern border with the Russian Federation and crosses the Oblasts of Kyiv, Poltava, Kharkiv, Donetsk, and Lugansk. It provides for local and transit motor transport communication between the Central and the Eastern Regions of Ukraine and for international passenger and freight traffic. In Kyiv Oblast the road starts at the end of Boryspil detour and crosses the Rayons of Boryspil, Pereyaslav-Khmelnitskiy, Baryshivka, and Yagotyn. In Poltava Oblast the road crosses the Rayons of Pyriatyn, Lubny, Khorol, Velyka Bagachka, Reshetylivka, Poltava, and Chutove. The need to develop M-03 Motorroad is accounted for by the current inadequate condition of pavement, lack of convenient interchanges and bypasses around the settlements, and unconformity of engineering and operational characteristics of the motorroad to modern standards.

Development of M-04 Motorroad will enable to: - improve the riding qualities, the speed of traffic, and the ride comfort; - improve transport links and increase the transit traffic; - increase the levels of environmental safety; and - increase the levels of road safety. Research and analysis of environmental conditions and predictive assessments of possible impacts during construction and operation of the motorway are conducted within the permanent right-of-way (40 m), in the safety buffer zone (150 - 300 m from the edge of roadway), and in the affected zone (2 - 3 km).

Brief Description of Designed Activity and the Types of Its Environmental Impacts

The length of Kyiv Oblast section is: along the existing route of M-03 Motorroad: 108.26 km, and together with the existing and designed sections of Boryspil detour: 139.76 km. The design includes rehabilitation of Boryspil northern bypass, approximate length 25 km, to conform to Category Ib, and rehabilitation of 9.947 km of the road across the city to conform to Category Ib. The sections are also being designed (approximate length: 4.8 km and 4.0 km) which will connect M-03 Motorroad with the section of Boryspil bypass and the section of southern bypass (approximate length 10.5 km). All the said sections will correspond to Category Ib. The bypass sections are shown on the map below:

The length of Poltava Oblast section is: along the existing route of M-03 Motorroad (subject to existing kilometrage): 268.904 km. Besides, the Feasibility Study includes bypass sections where estimation of lengths is based on the design data: - Velyka Krucha Village, Pyriatyn Rayon: 5.205 km; - Pokrovska Bagachka and Kovtuny Villages, Khorol Rayon: 11.18 km (northern option), 12.03 km (southern option), and 1.37 km across Kovtuny; and - Vasylivka Town, Chutove Rayon: 8.76 km. The skeleton maps of bypass sections around the settlements are shown below:

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The road along all the designed sections will belong to Category Ib and have the following critical parameters: two lanes per each direction, each 3.75 m wide; and 6.0 m wide centre mall and 3.75 m wide verge beyond the bounds of settlements. The pavement will be black bituminous concrete. The design speed will be 140 km/hr and 120 km/hr for irregular terrain. The vertical alignment will correspond to the requirements of State Building Specifications (DBN) В.2.3-4-2000 «Motor Roads» for Category I roads. Design loads: axle static: 11.5 ton-force; on engineering structures: A-15. The roadbed width will be 28.5m. In Kyiv Oblast seven interchanges in two levels are being designed for crossings with other roads and six interchanges for the area of Boryspil detour.

Repair of the pavement and structures on the road will enable to provide for proper traffic capacity of the road, which, in accordance with predictive estimates of Ukrdiprodor , will increase by a factor of 2.8 – 3.0 in Kyiv Oblast and by a factor of 2.8 – 3.0 in Poltava Oblast by the year 2026.

Traffic Volume, conditional vehicle/day Section of Road 2005 (actual) 2026 (predictive)

in Kyiv Oblast km 45+000 - km 76+015 16,270 46,850 km 76+015 - km 103+690 14,450 42,660 km 103+690 - km 126+160 12,900 39,220

5 in Poltava Oblast km 126+160 - km 156+600 12,890 39,300 km 156+600 – km 192+100 12,660 38,980 km 192+100 – km 207+100 10,980 34,200 km 207+100 – km 235+840 11,840 37,180 km 235+840 – km 243+720 11,000 35,480 km 243+720 – km 286+285 11,790 36,940 km 286+285 – km 306+628 12,800 38,780 km 306+628- km 336+873 13,120 38,740 km 336+873 – km 340+961 24,300 64,860 km 340+961 – km 362+500 14,000 33,490 km 362+500 – km 395+064 10,710 27,080

Construction works and further operation of the road after its commissioning will entail a number of negative environmental impacts. The list of expected environmental impacts from the project during construction and operation: - geological environment: occurrence or activation of hazardous geodynamic processes is possible (erosion, underflooding, ground flash, etc.); - landscapes: changes in local landscapes are possible during construction of the roadway, implementation of erosion- and landslide-prevention design approaches, excavation works, fill construction, and quarrying; - climate and microclimate: no impact expected; - air: exhaust gas emissions, noise, dust, and carbon black; - aquatic environment: temporary changes are possible in regimes of runoff in water bodies and in levels of the water table, abrasion, and pollution of aquatic environment with wastewater containing petrochemicals and other chemical compounds; - earth: temporary withdrawal of lands for reserves, quarries, rights-of-way, etc.; chemical and garbage pollution; - plants, animals, and protected areas: cutting down of green plantations in the area of mottorroad expansion; withdrawal of bush and light forest from the right-of-way; changes in migration conditions of wild animals and possible changes in the existing status of biological and ecological systems in the construction zone; noise; and aerosol fallout; - social environment (population): withdrawal of lands, demolition of buildings, temporary inconveniences during construction works, temporary man-caused impact on historical and architectural heritage; positive impacts: creation of new jobs and increase of investment appeal; - technological environment: impact on buildings and structures is possible from emissions, noise, and vibration; - positive impacts: upgrade of transport infrastructure, improvement of services, and rehabilitation of transportation links. Participatory Stakeholder Consultation

6 The communities gained a chance to have a direct influence on decision-making during design by informing the local governments of their requests as to proper improvements of the motorroad. Opinions of the stakeholder communities will be incorporated as required in par. 1.10 of DBN А.2.2-1-2003.

A sampling poll of the citizens residing in the settlements along the motorroad and in the adjacent territories showed that the communities have a positive attitude to rehabilitation of the motorroad. The main benefits which they expect are improvement of conditions, quality, and speed of traffic, as well as increase in demand for services and private trade opportunities. The communities appreciate inconveniences which may occur during the construction works and may be caused by expected increase in the traffic.

2. PHYSIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS along the route of designed project

In terms of geological structure, the territory of the project is located within the north-eastern flank of the Ukrainian Precambrian Shield and the south-western rim of the Dnipro-Donetsk Depression, and the surface of its crystalline basement features continuous gradient towards north- east. The quaternary land sediments form almost continuous cover. Aeolian soils prevail. In river valleys alluvial and fluviolacustrine sands and clays prevail. The territory of the project features landscapes of the terraced part of Dnipro Lowland. The surface is slightly divided and it features flat watersheds and wide river valleys with systems of quaternary and neogenic benches, which form benched surface of the lowland. The territory is shaped by erosion and accumulation, glacial and river waters, a glacier, agglomeration of loess-type rocks and fossil grounds, eolian processes, suffosion, etc. The mean elevations are 50-150 m. The relative elevations vary from 20 to 60 m. The following types of landscapes are observed within the region of the project (west to east): - mixed coniferous-broad-leaved forest, alluvial outwash, and terraced terrain with sod-podzol and turfy grounds, millet-grass, subors, and lowland bogs; - forest-steppe, terraced forest and sand with gray forest and taupe podzolized grounds, millet- grass, and subors. The high-water beds include flood-plain and meadow boggy landscapes. The climate of the territory is mild, moderate continental. The winters are long and relatively warm. The summers are sufficiently warm and humid. The climate is shaped by significant solar radiation and air-mass transport mainly from the west. The total annual solar radiation is 4,000-4,200 MJ/m2. and the radiation balance is 1,700-1,800 MJ/m2. . The sunshine duration is 1,850-1,950 hr/year. The mean temperatures of January are -6,3ºC and the absolute minimum is -36 º С. Winter lasts from November, when the mean daily air temperature drops below 0ºC, till mid-March. The stable snow cover (mean height 25-30 cm) lasts from mid-December to mid-March. Summer starts early in May, when the mean daily air temperature rises above +15 º С, and ends early in September. The mean temperature of July is +19,4 º С. The absolute maximum of air temperature for the territory is +39 º С. The frost-free period lasts 160-165 days. The period when the temperature is above +10º С lasts 160-165 days and the effective heat sum is 2,600-2,700 º. The annual precipitation is 520 mm with their most part falling in the warm season. The adverse climatic conditions include intensive showers with thunderstorms, hail, rainless periods, hot winds (up to 5-10 days), dust storms in summer, ice crust, clear ice, etc. The territory belongs to a warm agroclimatological zone with insufficient humidity.

7 The vegetation period starts late in March – early in April and ends late in October – early in November. The total duration of such period is 190 - 220 days. М-03 Motorroad crosses the rivers of Trubizh, Nedra, Supiy, Sula, Psel, Vorskla, Uday, Khorol, and Kolomak, which belong to the Dnipro basin. The rivers are of plains type. They feed on snow- (almost 60% of the water yield), rain-, and groundwater. About 50% of the water is yielded for the rivers in spring, 25-30% in summer and autumn, and 25% in winter. The high flow is in spring. The low water discharge is in summer. The mean turbidity of the river waters is mainly about 50 g/m³. The virgin flows were changed significantly after having been regulated with many ponds and reservoirs. The territory of the project is located within the Eastern Forest-Steppe Lowland Agropedological Province, which occupies the eastern part of the Forest-Steppe Agropedological Zone. The soil cover of the province features diversity of structure and involvement of salinization process (mainly of soda-chloride-sulfate type) in its genesis. The vegetable cover of the territory features scarce remainder of aspen rickers with oaks and extensive waterlogging of river valleys and depressions. Meadow steppes, steppe meadows, and meadow halophytic aggregations prevailed here formerly. Silva occurs mainly on the sand benches and floodplains. It includes pine and pine-oak (with some alders) aggregations. In some places there are ravine forests, which, besides prevailing ordinary oak, also include Tatarian maple, Norway maple, ashwood, elm, and teil; buckthorn, hawthorn, wild rose, etc. in the shrub layer; and stellaria graminifolious, ordinary goutweed, ordinary lily of the valley, speckled melic, etc. in the grass layer. Meadow steppes, almost completely tilled, remain only on the valley slopes and include phytocenoses with prevailing fescue, feather grass, and narrow-leaved June grass. Formations of eastern fescue, Karelin sedge, white bent grass, suaeda prostrata, and herbaceous solonetz cover the lowland saline meadows. The modern vegetation has been affected by considerable man-caused changes: ploughing up of soils, bog reclamation, deforestation. Only 8-10% of the territory is covered with forests. The fauna is rich and diverse. It is of transient and mixed nature, i.e. it includes representatives of forest, steppe, and water-paludal faunal systems. All the territory has been developed intensively by agriculture. The lands which will be withdrawn temporarily or permanently belong to agricultural category. The territory of the project (the zone affected by the road, within 3 km) includes four protected areas in Kyiv Oblast:

Distance from Distance from Established the edge of Description Category Area, km 2 Type the beginning of in embankment, road, km* m Local Borshchivsky Forest 36 1994 220 27.5 sanctuary Local Dubyna Botanic 4 1991 1,700 34.1 sanctuary Object of Vybla Mohyla Complex 2 1991 local natural 1,250 35.7 heritage Marsh in Reserved Solontsi 50 1979 250 46.0 area Reserved Area

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The protected areas are shown on the map below:

9 The following protected areas are located in the zone affected by the mottorroad in Poltava Oblast: Distance from the Area, Established L/I beginning Description Category Type ha in of road, km 1 98.2 Polohy Hydrological 100 1994 Local sanctuary Object of local natural 2 111.8 English oak Botanic 0 1982 heritage Masalsky Iseland Object of local natural 3 111.9 Botanic 47 1982 Recreational Forest heritage 4 117.6 Velykokruchansky Hydrological 90 1998 Local sanctuary

5 122.4 Kukvynsky Hydrological 300 1980 National sanctuary Object of local natural 6 152.1 Morozivska Dacha Botanic 855 1969 heritage 7 160.3 Torgovytsia 135.8 1993 Reserved area Object of local natural 8 162.6 Zhovtneva Dacha Botanic 57 1972 heritage 9 188 Gryntseve 39 1992 Reserved area 10 188.6 Radky 41 1992 Reserved area Object of local natural 11 191.1 English oak Botanic 0 1992 heritage 12 191.3 Zayarie 38 1992 Reserved area 13 191.5 Dovzhek 76 1992 Reserved area Object of local natural 14 192.5 English oak Botanic 0 1989 heritage Object of local natural 15 192.5 Oak-wood Botanic 1 1982 heritage 16 196.8 Khvoshchivka Hydrological 120 1992 Local sanctuary

17 196.9 Kostiuky Hydrological 237 1993 Local sanctuary Object of local natural 18 250.5 English oaks Botanic 0 1995 heritage Object of local natural 19 251.3 English oak Botanic 0 1995 heritage Object of local natural 20 255 English oak Botanic 0 1995 heritage 21 256.4 Shcherbaky Landscape 289 1995 Local sanctuary

22 259.5 Landscape 366 1993 Local sanctuary Gariachkivsky Forest

23 271.3 Novodykansky Botanic 51 1995 Local sanctuary Object of local natural 24 291.4 English oaks Botanic 0 1975 heritage Object of local natural 25 292.1 English oaks Botanic 0 1975 heritage Object of local natural 26 292.2 English oak Botanic 0 1975 heritage Object of local natural 27 292.6 Oak-wood Botanic 2 1979 heritage

10 Local Landscape Heritage 28 293.3 Kotliarevsky Park 5 1970 Park Object of local natural 29 293.5 English oaks Botanic 0 1970 heritage Object of local natural 30 294.7 English oak Botanic 0 1982 heritage Park of Elita Scientific Object of local natural 31 295.8 Production Botanic 2 1970 heritage Association Park of Teacher’s Local Landscape Heritage 32 296.2 Training Institute 5 1964 Park Agrobiology Station Object of local natural 33 297.5 English oak Botanic 0 1982 heritage Object of local natural 34 298.3 English oak Botanic 0 1982 heritage Object of local natural 35 300.5 English oak Botanic 0 1979 heritage Object of local natural 36 303.3 Tryby Reserved Area Botanic 5 1979 heritage

Local Landscape Heritage 37 313.7 Kulykivsky 25 1975 Park

38 320.5 Vilkhivshchynsky Landscape 1,030 1980 National sanctuary

39 324.6 Storozhovy Hydrological 502 1989 Local sanctuary

40 346.3 Lyzniana Balka Landscape 60 1993 Local sanctuary

41 349 Iskrivsky Forest 2,243 1993 Local sanctuary The maps of forests and protected areas in Poltava Oblast are shown below:

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Therefore, with one exception, the protected areas located in the zone affected by the road belong to the local category. No impacts additional to the existing ones are expected on the protected areas from construction works and further operation of the motorroad.

3. General Description of the Project

M-03 Motorroad is an important component of Ukraine’s highway network: In accordance with the predictive estimates, by the year 2026 the traffic volume in the designed section of M-03 Motorroad will increase by almost a factor of three. The largest traffic volume is expected within Boryspil Rayon (almost 47 thousand units reduced to a conditional vehicle/day) and within Poltava detour (almost 65 thousand units reduced to a conditional vehicle/day). Therefore, if M-03 Motorroad is not overhauled and renovated to conform to Category I and if no new sections are built, the environmental impact of mobile sources of pollution may increase. The traffic accident rate is another important factor which accounts for the need to renovate the motorroad. Development of the motorroad includes:

13 - motorroad: a linear system of engineering and auxiliary structures designed for uninterruptible, safe, and convenient traffic of vehicles with standard specifications and proof loads, for provision of national and international passenger and freight transportation; - engineering structures: overpass bridges, drain pipes, water treatment works, battering walls, etc.; - auxiliary structures: protective structures and shelter plantations, ramps, etc.

Motorroad Engineering Data (as per DBN В.2.3-4-2000 „Motor Roads”): Parameters for L/I Descripiton UOM Critical Parameters Irregular terrain 1. Design speed km/hr 140 110 2. Number of lanes ea. 4.6 4 3. Width of lane m 3.75 4. Width of carriageway m 7.50 – 11.25 7.50 5. Width of verge m 3.90

6. Width of reinforced verge strip m 0.75

7. Width of centre mall m 2.75 - 6 5 - 6 Width of reinforced strip on centre 8. m 1.0 mall 9. Width of roadbed m 28.8 – 36.3 28.8 10. Minimum seeing distance: - for stop m 300 250 - for oncoming vehicle 500 450 11. Least curve radii horizontal 1,100 700 vertical m convex 25,000 13,000 concave 7,000 4,000 Capital breakstone-mastic bituminous 12. Type of pavement concrete

13. Design loads on engineering structures А-15, НК -100

Estimations of the sizes of land plots to be alienated for placement of the roadbed will be based on the designed vertical alignment of the road and the cross profile of the roadbed as accepted in standard and individual designs. The permanent right-of-way will include areas for road interchanges, redevelopment of service lines, and other structures included in the construction documentation. On the plots where the surface drainage systems will be constructed, the right-of- way will be widened appropriately. The land area of temporary withdrawal is estimated subject to the conditions of accepted construction methods. The plots of land to be transferred for temporary use include territories allotted for development of roadside reserves, places for stockpiling of vegetation soil and turf and for creation of bypasses, and areas for passage of construction vehicles. The areas of permanent and temporary alienation must correspond to the standards of land allotment for motorroads (SN (Building Specificaitons) 467-74). During repair and construction works the territory of allotted lands needs to be cleared from the trees and shrubs of existing forest shelter belt . The quantity and quality parameters of green plantations to be cut down are determined by the Certificates of Green Plantations Inspection. The design includes restoration of green plantations with the quantity parameters not lower than those of

14 the existing ones. The feasibility study includes planting of greenery during architectural styling by landscape group method and compensation planting along the sections laid on the new route. In order to protect the slopes of roadbed and the centre mall from erosion, they shall be anchored by sowing grass throughout 0.15 m thick layer of fertile soil. A surface drainage system with gutters, water channels, and chutes will be installed along the roadbed. In the places where culverts will be installed, the roadbed slopes will be reinforced with concrete slabs near the culvert heads to prevent scour at the points of entry and exit. Significant amounts of ground for roadbed landfilling will be collected from explored roadside reserves. The excavated ground suitable for construction of the roadbed will also be used for embankment landfilling. The vertical alignment is designed to provide for the least restrictions and changes of speed subject to the principles of stitching the elements of horizontal and vertical alignment, recommendations on architectural and landscape engineering, and preservation, to the maximum extent practicable, of the roadbed elevations of the existing motorroad. Based on the estimations, nonrigid types of pavement design were recommended. A unified type of three layers of road concrete mix, 23 cm thick in total, was accepted to renovate the existing pavement. The skim of pavement shall be recycled to reinforce the pavement, the verges, and the slopes. Pavement design of the new passage: surface course of bituminous concrete, 5 cm thick, and two bottom courses: the first one of hot dense fine bituminous concrete, Grade I, Type B, 8 cm thick, and the second one of hot blown-out coarse bituminous concrete, Grade I, 10 cm thick. The verges will be reinforced with two layers of bituminous concrete covering 1.75 m width from the edge of carriageway under DSTU (State Standard of Ukraine) БВ .2.7-75-98. The remaining part of the verge, 1.25 m wide (1.40 m if a barrier fence is installed and on a road of Category Ib) will be anchored by sowing grass throughout 15 cm thick layer of fertile soil. In order to provide dependable surface drainage from the carriageway, the cross profile of curb is accepted on the sections which have vertical alignment over 30 ‰ on the embankments higher than 3.0 m and on the sections of concave curves at a distance of 50 m from each side of the vertex. Water will be drained from the carriageway by means of reinforced concrete water channels with installation of wasteway channels on the slopes and dashpots near the embankment bed. The designs of aforesaid works are included in the respective bills of work volume and drawings. Construction of new and rehabilitation of existing engineering structures is planned, including two-level interchanges and crossings at grade, bridges, overpass bridges, pedestrian crossings, and rectangular and circular culverts of reinforced concrete. Location and geometry of the engineering structures are determined by the general route of the road, the local hydrological and topographical conditions, and the accepted design at crossings and junctions in different levels.

15 The design includes the following treatment facilities:

Location UOM Quantity Water Body km, plus

Kyiv Oblast 70+190 ea. 2 the Trubizh River 74+554 ea. 2 the Nedra River 102+432 ea. 2 the Supiy River 117+131 ea. 2 brook Poltava Oblast 133+538 ea. 2 the Gnyla Orzhytsia River 204+1,091 ea. 2 the Sula River 211+216 ea. 2 brook 242+578 ea. 2 the Khorol River Detour of Pokrovska Bagachka Village 1+000 ea. 2 brook Total: ea. 18 —

and noise screens: Screen length, m Location Settlement Total on the left on the right km, plus Kyiv Oblast Olexandrivka Village 1,000 — 1,000 km 0+200 – km 1+200 Ivankiv Village 2,800 200 3,000 km 45+000 – km 48+000 Bzov Village 150 150 300 km 58+250 – km 58+400 Borshchiv Village — 1,500 1,500 km 67+200 – km 68+700 Semenivka Village — 500 500 km 81+150 – km 81+650 Snizhkiv Village 1,000 1,000 2,000 km 100+100 – km 101+100 Poltava Oblast Olexiyivka Village 1,000 100 2,000 km 133+000 – km 134+000 Olexandrivka Village 1,500 1,500 3,000 km 146+000 – km 147+500 Mohylivshchyna – 500 500 km 148+500 – km 149+000 Village Pyriatyn Town 1,000 – 1,000 km 155+720 – km 156+720 Vyly Village 500 500 1,000 km 183+500 – km 184+000 Pyshne Village 500 500 1,000 km 187+300 – km 188+000 Vilshanka Village 5,000 5,000 10,000 km 199+200 – km 204+200 Voinykha Village 1,700 1,700 3,400 km 210+100 – km 211+800 Kovtuny Village 1,200 1,200 2,400 km 229+000 – km 230+200 Khorol Town 500 2,000 2,500 km 237+000 – km 239+000 Chapayivka Village – 800 800 km 260+220 – km 261+020 Total: 17,850 17,150 35,900 –

The Feasibility Study includes construction of 34 interchanges in two levels, including three interchanges on Poltava detour.

16 The design approaches include stationary lamplight at the road interchanges in different levels. In view of envisaged increase of traffic, the design approaches accept an automated highway traffic control system, which includes automated highway access control system, traffic condition control, including speed limits depending on natural conditions, control of traffic emergency service and the services of regular and winter road maintenance, etc. The production residue and construction waste will be stockpiled in specially assigned places for temporary storing and then removed from the construction site. In order to ensure the proper level of traffic safety, the design includes a number of measures and structural concepts which will contribute to better operation of the road and vehicles. Rehabilitation of M-03 Motorroad will result in the following benefits: - the traffic capacity will increase, the traffic handling costs will go down, and the travel time of passengers and cargoes will be reduced; - the local, regional, and national transport infrastructure will be improved and conditions will be created to improve operating characteristics of vehicles; - transport, economic, and trade links among the oblasts and across Ukraine as a whole and international links will be intensified; - negative impact on the natural and technological environment will be reduced and environmental safety will be enhanced due to improvement of the riding qualities, provision for optimal traffic speed, and implementation of nature-conservative measures included in the project; - traffic safety will be increased; - new jobs will be created both during construction and during further operation of the motorway, its infrastructure, and the appropriate service facilities. After completion of the rehabilitation and commissioning of the road, all the negative environmental impacts will be reduced significantly in comparison with the present status due to implementation of nature-conservative (protection, restoration, compensation, preservation) measures included in the design, which is corroborated by the predictive estimates described in the following section.

4. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM THE PROJECT

The estimates of noise, emissions, and pollutant dispersal caused by the traffic flow on the designed road were made by means of specialized software and GIS technologies based on the data on local conditions and envisaged future traffic volume. The pollutant dispersal was estimated for open territory and the obtained values are the highest concentrations of the pollutants in the most adverse weather conditions: wind speed: 0.5 m/c, wind direction: frontal from the road towards the assessed point.

17 Averaged predictive estimates of emissions in Kyiv Oblast:

Motor Transport Emissions (predictive estimate)* at the border of safety buffer zone (300 at the border of affected area (3,000 m) m) Section of Road km-km 2006 2026 2006 2026 without after without after without after without after rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita tion tion tion tion tion tion tion tion СО , mg/m3 (single MPC: 5.0 mg/m3) End of Boryspil detour (R-03) to 45+000 junction of - 0.0028 0.0025 0.0080 0.0072 0.0359 0.0323 0.1035 0.0931 Zgurivka-Berezan 76+015 Motorroad Junction of 76+015 Zgurivka-Berezan - 0.0025 0.0022 0.0073 0.0066 0.0319 0.0287 0.0942 0.0848 Motorroad to road 103+69 towards Yagotyn 0 Road towards 103+69 Yagotyn to 0 - 0.0022 0.0020 0.0067 0.0060 0.0285 0.0256 0.0866 0.0780 Poltava Oblast 126+16 border 0 NОх , mg/m3 (single MPC: 0.085 мg/m3) End of Boryspil detour (R-03) to 45+000 junction of - 0.0002 0.0002 0.0005 0.0005 0.0024 0.0022 0.0069 0.0062 Zgurivka-Berezan 76+015 Motorroad Junction of 76+015 Zgurivka-Berezan - 0.0002 0.0001 0.0005 0.0004 0.0021 0.0019 0.0063 0.0057 Motorroad to road 103+69 towards Yagotyn 0 Road towards 103+69 Yagotyn to 0 - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0019 0.0017 0.0058 0.0052 Poltava Oblast 126+16 border 0

3 3 SО2, mg/m (single MPC: 0.15 мg/m ) End of Boryspil detour (R-03) to 45+000 junction of - 0.000009 0.000008 0.000027 0.000024 0.000120 0.000108 0.000345 0.000310 Zgurivka-Berezan 76+015 Motorroad Junction of 76+015 Zgurivka-Berezan - 0.000008 0.000007 0.000024 0.000022 0.000106 0.000096 0.000314 0.000283 Motorroad to road 103+69 towards Yagotyn 0 Road towards 103+69 Yagotyn to 0 - 0.000007 0.000007 0.000022 0.000020 0.000095 0.000085 0.000289 0.000260 Poltava Oblast 126+16 border 0 CxHy, mg/m3 (single MPC: 1.0 мg/m3) End of Boryspil detour (R-03) to 45+000 junction of - 0.0005 0.0004 0.0013 0.0012 0.0060 0.0054 0.0172 0.0155 Zgurivka-Berezan 76+015 Motorroad

18 Junction of 76+015 Zgurivka-Berezan - 0.0004 0.0004 0.0012 0.0011 0.0053 0.0048 0.0157 0.0141 Motorroad to road 103+69 towards Yagotyn 0 Road towards 103+69 Yagotyn to 0 - 0.0004 0.0003 0.0011 0.0010 0.0047 0.0043 0.0144 0.0130 Poltava Oblast 126+16 border 0 Carbon black, g/m3 (single MPC: 300 g/m3) End of Boryspil detour (R-03) to 45+000 junction of - 0.0172 0.0155 0.0494 0.0445 0.2217 0.1995 0.6383 0.5744 Zgurivka-Berezan 76+015 Motorroad Junction of 76+015 Zgurivka-Berezan - 0.0152 0.0137 0.0450 0.0405 0.1969 0.1772 0.5812 0.5231 Motorroad to road 103+69 towards Yagotyn 0 Road towards 103+69 Yagotyn to 0 - 0.0136 0.0123 0.0414 0.0373 0.1757 0.1582 0.5343 0.4809 Poltava Oblast 126+16 border 0 Benzpyrene, g/m3 (average daily MPC: 0.001 g/m3) End of Boryspil detour (R-03) to 45+000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001 0.00001 0.00004 0.00003 junction of - 116 104 334 301 498 348 312 881 Zgurivka-Berezan 76+015 Motorroad Junction of 76+015 Zgurivka-Berezan - 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001 0.00001 0.00003 0.00003 Motorroad to road 103+69 103 093 304 274 330 197 927 534 towards Yagotyn 0 Road towards 103+69 Yagotyn to 0 - 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00001 0.00001 0.00003 0.00003 Poltava Oblast 126+16 092 083 280 252 187 069 610 249 border 0 Pb (intensity of atmospheric emission), g/m3 (single MPC: 1.0 g/m3) End of Boryspil detour (R-03) to 45+000 junction of - 0.0033 0.0030 0.0096 0.0087 0.0431 0.0388 0.1242 0.1118 Zgurivka-Berezan 76+015 Motorroad Junction of 76+015 Zgurivka-Berezan - 0.0030 0.0027 0.0088 0.0079 0.0383 0.0345 0.1131 0.1018 Motorroad to road 103+69 towards Yagotyn 0 Road towards 103+69 Yagotyn to 0 - 0.0026 0.0024 0.0081 0.0072 0.0342 0.0308 0.1040 0.0936 Poltava Oblast 126+16 border 0

19 Averaged predictive estimates of emissions in Poltava Oblast:

Motor Transport Emissions (predictive estimate)* at the border of safety buffer zone (300 at the border of affected area (3,000 m) m) Section of Road km-km 2006 2026 2006 2026 without after without after without after without after rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita rehabilita tion tion tion tion tion tion tion tion СО , mg/m3 (single MPC: 5.0 mg/m3) M-03 – Drabiv- Zolotonosha Motorroad ( Т-24- km 15) (Kyiv Oblast 126+160 - 0.0022 0.0020 0.0067 0,0061 0,0285 0,0256 0,0868 0,0781 border) to crossing km with Pyriatyn- 156+600 Grebinka Motorroad Crossing with km Pyriatyn-Grebinka 156+600 0.0022 0.0019 0.0067 0,0060 0,0280 0,0252 0,0861 0,0775 Motorroad to start – km of Lubny detour 192+100 km 192+100 Lubny detour 0.0019 0.0017 0.0059 0,0053 0,0243 0,0218 0,0756 0,0680 – km 207+100 km End of Lubny 207+100 detour to start of 0.0020 0.0018 0.0064 0,0057 0,0262 0,0235 0,0821 0,0739 – km Khorol detour 235+840 km 235+840 Khorol detour 0.0019 0.0017 0,0061 0.0055 0.0243 0.0219 0.0784 0.0705 – km 243+720 End of Khorol detour to junction of (Lubny- km Myrgorod- 243+720 0.0020 0.0018 0.0063 0.0057 0.0260 0.0234 0.0816 0.0734 Opishnia) - – km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 20) Junction of (Lubny-Myrgorod- Opishnia) - km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 0.0022 0.0020 0.0066 0.0060 0.0283 0.0254 0.0857 0.0771 – km 20) to Dykanka- 306+628 Reshetylivka Motorroad (Т-17- 21) Crossing with km Dykanka- 306+628- Reshetylivka 0.0022 0.0020 0.0066 0.0060 0.0290 0.0261 0.0856 0.0770 km Motorroad (Т-17- 336+873 21) to Poltava City km 336+873 Poltava City 0.0042 0.0037 0.0111 0.0100 0.0537 0.0483 0.1433 0.1290 – km 340+961

20 Poltava City to km Poltava- 340+961 0.0024 0.0022 0.0057 0.0052 0.0309 0.0278 0.0740 0.0666 Krasnograd – km Motorroad (R-11) 362+500 Poltava- km Krasnograd 362+500 Motorroad (R-11) 0.0018 0.0016 0.0046 0.0042 0.0237 0.0213 0.0598 0.0538 – km to Kharkiv Oblast 395+064 border NОх , mg/m3 (single MPC: 0.085 мg/m3) M-03 – Drabiv- Zolotonosha Motorroad ( Т-24- km 15) (Kyiv Oblast 126+160 - 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0019 0.0017 0.0058 0.0052 border) to crossing km with Pyriatyn- 156+600 Grebinka Motorroad Crossing with km Pyriatyn-Grebinka 156+600 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0019 0.0017 0.0057 0.0052 Motorroad to start – km of Lubny detour 192+100 km 192+100 Lubny detour 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0016 0.0015 0.0050 0.0045 – km 207+100 km End of Lubny 207+100 detour to start of 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0017 0.0016 0.0055 0.0049 – km Khorol detour 235+840 km 235+840 Khorol detour 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0016 0.0015 0.0052 0.0047 – km 243+720 End of Khorol detour to junction of (Lubny- km Myrgorod- 243+720 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0017 0.0016 0.0054 0.0049 Opishnia) - – km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 20) Junction of (Lubny-Myrgorod- Opishnia) - km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0019 0.0017 0.0057 0.0051 – km 20) to Dykanka- 306+628 Reshetylivka Motorroad (Т-17- 21) Crossing with km Dykanka- 306+628- Reshetylivka 0.0001 0.0001 0.0004 0.0004 0.0019 0.0017 0.0057 0.0051 km Motorroad (Т-17- 336+873 21) to Poltava City km 336+873 Poltava City 0.0003 0.0002 0.0007 0.0007 0.0036 0.0032 0.0096 0.0086 – km 340+961

21 Poltava City to km Poltava- 340+961 0.0002 0.0001 0.0004 0.0003 0.0021 0.0019 0.0049 0.0044 Krasnograd – km Motorroad (R-11) 362+500 Poltava- km Krasnograd 362+500 Motorroad (R-11) 0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 0.0016 0.0014 0.0040 0.0036 – km to Kharkiv Oblast 395+064 border

3 3 SО2, mg/m (single MPC: 0.15 мg/m ) M-03 – Drabiv- Zolotonosha Motorroad ( Т-24- km 15) (Kyiv Oblast 126+160 - 0.000007 0.000007 0.000022 0.000020 0.000095 0.000085 0.000289 0.000260 border) to crossing km with Pyriatyn- 156+600 Grebinka Motorroad Crossing with km Pyriatyn-Grebinka 156+600 0.000007 0.000006 0.000022 0.000020 0.000093 0.000084 0.000287 0.000258 Motorroad to start – km of Lubny detour 192+100 km 192+100 Lubny detour 0.000006 0.000006 0.000020 0.000018 0.000081 0.000073 0.000252 0.000227 – km 207+100 km End of Lubny 207+100 detour to start of 0.000007 0.000006 0.000021 0.000019 0.000087 0.000078 0.000274 0.000246 – km Khorol detour 235+840 km 235+840 Khorol detour 0.000006 0.000006 0.000020 0.000018 0.000081 0.000073 0.000261 0.000235 – km 243+720 End of Khorol detour to junction of (Lubny- km Myrgorod- 243+720 0.000007 0.000006 0.000021 0.000019 0.000087 0.000078 0.000272 0.000245 Opishnia) - – km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 20) Junction of (Lubny-Myrgorod- Opishnia) - km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 0.000007 0.000007 0.000022 0.000020 0.000094 0.000085 0.000286 0.000257 – km 20) to Dykanka- 306+628 Reshetylivka Motorroad (Т-17- 21) Crossing with km Dykanka- 306+628- Reshetylivka 0.000007 0.000007 0.000022 0.000020 0.000097 0.000087 0.000285 0.000257 km Motorroad (Т-17- 336+873 21) to Poltava City km 336+873 Poltava City 0.000014 0.000012 0.000037 0.000033 0.000179 0.000161 0.000478 0.000430 – km 340+961

22 Poltava City to km Poltava- 340+961 0.000008 0.000007 0.000019 0.000017 0.000103 0.000093 0.000247 0.000222 Krasnograd – km Motorroad (R-11) 362+500 Poltava- km Krasnograd 362+500 Motorroad (R-11) 0.000006 0.000005 0.000015 0.000014 0.000079 0.000071 0.000199 0.000179 – km to Kharkiv Oblast 395+064 border CxHy, mg/m3 (single MPC: 1.0 мg/m3) M-03 – Drabiv- Zolotonosha Motorroad ( Т-24- km 15) (Kyiv Oblast 126+160 - 0.0004 0.0003 0.0011 0.0010 0.0047 0.0043 0.0145 0.0130 border) to crossing km with Pyriatyn- 156+600 Grebinka Motorroad Crossing with km Pyriatyn-Grebinka 156+600 0.0004 0.0003 0.0011 0.0010 0.0047 0.0042 0.0144 0.0129 Motorroad to start – km of Lubny detour 192+100 km 192+100 Lubny detour 0.0003 0.0003 0.0010 0.0009 0.0040 0.0036 0.0126 0.0113 – km 207+100 km End of Lubny 207+100 detour to start of 0.0003 0.0003 0.0011 0.0010 0.0044 0.0039 0.0137 0.0123 – km Khorol detour 235+840 km 235+840 Khorol detour 0.0003 0.0003 0.0010 0.0009 0.0041 0.0036 0.0131 0.0118 – km 243+720 End of Khorol detour to junction of (Lubny- km Myrgorod- 243+720 0.0003 0.0003 0.0011 0.0009 0.0043 0.0039 0.0136 0.0122 Opishnia) - – km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 20) Junction of (Lubny-Myrgorod- Opishnia) - km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 0.0004 0.0003 0.0011 0.0010 0.0047 0.0042 0.0143 0.0129 – km 20) to Dykanka- 306+628 Reshetylivka Motorroad (Т-17- 21) Crossing with km Dykanka- 306+628- Reshetylivka 0.0004 0.0003 0.0011 0.0010 0.0048 0.0043 0.0143 0.0128 km Motorroad (Т-17- 336+873 21) to Poltava City km 336+873 Poltava City 0.0007 0.0006 0.0018 0.0017 0.0089 0.0081 0.0239 0.0215 – km 340+961

23 Poltava City to km Poltava- 340+961 0.0004 0.0004 0.0010 0.0009 0.0052 0.0046 0.0123 0.0111 Krasnograd – km Motorroad (R-11) 362+500 Poltava- km Krasnograd 362+500 Motorroad (R-11) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0008 0.0007 0.0039 0.0035 0.0100 0.0090 – km to Kharkiv Oblast 395+064 border Carbon black, g/m3 (single MPC: 300 g/m3) M-03 – Drabiv- Zolotonosha Motorroad ( Т-24- km 15) (Kyiv Oblast 126+160 - 0.0136 0.0122 0.0415 0.0373 0.1756 0.1580 0.5354 0.4819 border) to crossing km with Pyriatyn- 156+600 Grebinka Motorroad Crossing with km Pyriatyn-Grebinka 156+600 0.0134 0.0120 0.0411 0.0370 0.1725 0.1552 0.5310 0.4779 Motorroad to start – km of Lubny detour 192+100 km 192+100 Lubny detour 0.0116 0.0104 0.0361 0.0325 0.1496 0.1346 0.4659 0.4193 – km 207+100 km End of Lubny 207+100 detour to start of 0.0125 0.0112 0.0392 0.0353 0.1613 0.1452 0.5065 0.4559 – km Khorol detour 235+840 km 235+840 Khorol detour 0.0116 0.0104 0.0374 0.0337 0.1499 0.1349 0.4834 0.4350 – km 243+720 End of Khorol detour to junction of (Lubny- km Myrgorod- 243+720 0.0124 0.0112 0.0390 0.0351 0.1606 0.1446 0.5032 0.4529 Opishnia) - – km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 20) Junction of (Lubny-Myrgorod- Opishnia) - km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 0.0135 0.0122 0.0409 0.0368 0.1744 0.1569 0.5283 0.4755 – km 20) to Dykanka- 306+628 Reshetylivka Motorroad (Т-17- 21) Crossing with km Dykanka- 306+628- Reshetylivka 0.0138 0.0125 0.0409 0.0368 0.1787 0.1609 0.5278 0.4750 km Motorroad (Т-17- 336+873 21) to Poltava City km 336+873 Poltava City 0.0256 0.0231 0.0684 0.0616 0.3310 0.2979 0.8836 0.7952 – km 340+961

24 Poltava City to km Poltava- 340+961 0.0148 0.0133 0.0353 0.0318 0.1907 0.1717 0.4562 0.4106 Krasnograd – km Motorroad (R-11) 362+500 Poltava- km Krasnograd 362+500 Motorroad (R-11) 0.0113 0.0102 0.0286 0.0257 0.1459 0.1313 0.3689 0.3320 – km to Kharkiv Oblast 395+064 border Benzpyrene, g/m3 (average daily MPC: 0.001 g/m3) M-03 – Drabiv- Zolotonosha Motorroad ( Т-24- km 15) (Kyiv Oblast 126+160 - 0. 0000009 0. 0000008 0. 0000028 0. 0000025 0. 0000118 0. 0000106 0. 0000361 0. 0000325 border) to crossing km 2 3 0 2 6 8 7 6 with Pyriatyn- 156+600 Grebinka Motorroad Crossing with km Pyriatyn-Grebinka 156+600 0. 0000009 0. 0000008 0. 0000027 0. 0000025 0. 0000116 0. 0000104 0. 0000358 0. 0000322 Motorroad to start – km 0 1 8 0 5 9 8 9 of Lubny detour 192+100 km 192+100 0. 0000007 0. 00000070. 0000024 0. 0000021 0. 0000101 0. 0000091 0. 0000314 0. 0000283 Lubny detour – km 8 0 4 9 1 0 8 3 207+100 km End of Lubny 207+100 0. 0000008 0. 0000007 0. 0000026 0. 0000023 0. 0000109 0. 0000098 0. 0000342 0. 0000308 detour to start of – km 4 6 5 9 0 1 2 0 Khorol detour 235+840 km 235+840 0. 0000007 0. 0000007 0. 0000025 0. 0000022 0. 0000101 0. 0000091 0. 0000326 0. 0000293 Khorol detour – km 8 1 3 8 3 1 6 9 243+720 End of Khorol detour to junction of (Lubny- km Myrgorod- 243+720 0. 0000008 0. 0000007 0. 0000026 0. 0000023 0. 0000108 0. 0000097 0. 0000340 0. 0000306 Opishnia) - – km 4 6 3 7 5 7 0 0 Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 20) Junction of (Lubny-Myrgorod- Opishnia) - km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 0. 0000009 0. 0000008 0. 0000027 0. 0000024 0. 0000117 0. 0000106 0. 0000357 0. 0000321 Motorroad (Т-17- – km 1 2 7 9 8 0 0 3 20) to Dykanka- 306+628 Reshetylivka Motorroad (Т-17- 21) Crossing with km Dykanka- 306+628- 0. 0000009 0. 0000008 0. 0000027 0. 0000024 0. 0000120 0. 0000108 0. 0000356 0. 0000320 Reshetylivka km 4 4 6 9 8 7 6 9 Motorroad (Т-17- 336+873 21) to Poltava City km 336+873 0. 0000017 0. 0000015 0. 0000046 0. 0000041 0. 0000223 0. 0000201 0. 0000597 0. 0000537 Poltava City – km 3 6 2 6 7 3 0 3 340+961

25 Poltava City to km Poltava- 340+961 0. 0000010 0. 0000009 0. 0000023 0. 0000021 0. 0000128 0. 0000116 0. 0000308 0. 0000277 Krasnograd – km 0 0 9 5 9 0 3 4 Motorroad (R-11) 362+500 Poltava- km Krasnograd 362+500 0. 0000007 0. 0000006 0. 0000019 0. 0000017 0. 0000098 0. 0000088 0. 0000249 0. 0000224 Motorroad (R-11) – km 6 9 3 4 6 7 3 3 to Kharkiv Oblast 395+064 border Pb (intensity of atmospheric emission), g/m3 (single MPC: 1.0 g/m3) M-03 – Drabiv- Zolotonosha Motorroad ( Т-24- km 15) (Kyiv Oblast 126+160 - 0.0026 0.0024 0.0081 0.0073 0.0342 0.0308 0.1042 0.0938 border) to crossing km with Pyriatyn- 156+600 Grebinka Motorroad Crossing with km Pyriatyn-Grebinka 156+600 0.0026 0.0023 0.0080 0.0072 0.0336 0.0302 0.1033 0.0930 Motorroad to start – km of Lubny detour 192+100 km 192+100 Lubny detour 0.0023 0.0020 0.0070 0.0063 0.0291 0.0262 0.0907 0.0816 – km 207+100 km End of Lubny 207+100 detour to start of 0.0024 0.0022 0.0076 0.0069 0.0314 0.0282 0.0986 0.0887 – km Khorol detour 235+840 km 235+840 Khorol detour 0.0023 0.0020 0.0073 0.0066 0.0292 0.0262 0.0941 0.0847 – km 243+720 End of Khorol detour to junction of (Lubny- km Myrgorod- 243+720 0.0024 0.0022 0.0076 0.0068 0.0313 0.0281 0.0979 0.0881 Opishnia) - – km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 20) Junction of (Lubny-Myrgorod- Opishnia) - km Shyshaky-Podil 286+285 Motorroad (Т-17- 0.0026 0.0024 0.0080 0.0072 0.0339 0.0305 0.1028 0.0925 – km 20) to Dykanka- 306+628 Reshetylivka Motorroad (Т-17- 21) Crossing with km Dykanka- 306+628- Reshetylivka 0.0027 0.0024 0.0080 0.0072 0.0348 0.0313 0.1027 0.0924 km Motorroad (Т-17- 336+873 21) to Poltava City km 336+873 Poltava City 0.0050 0.0045 0.0133 0.0120 0.0644 0.0580 0.1719 0.1547 – km 340+961

26 Poltava City to km Poltava- 340+961 0.0029 0.0026 0.0069 0.0062 0.0371 0.0334 0.0888 0.0799 Krasnograd – km Motorroad (R-11) 362+500 Poltava- km Krasnograd 362+500 Motorroad (R-11) 0.0022 0.0020 0.0056 0.0050 0.0284 0.0256 0.0718 0.0646 – km to Kharkiv Oblast 395+064 border * - The estimates are made without taking into account any natural (relief, plants) and artificial (buildings) obstacles in the way of emissions.

Therefore, the estimates show that during the next 20 years emissions will grow (with the growth of traffic concentration), but they will not reach the MPC, be it with or without rehabilitation. It is also obvious that all the emissions will be lower if the rehabilitation is performed than if it is not.

In adverse weather conditions (calm, low inversions, etc.) concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere of roadside plots may rise above the estimated mean values.

The estimates of noise load caused by the traffic flow on the designed road were made by means of specialized software. The input parameters of estimates are described in the previous section.

Averaged predictive estimates of noise intensity in Kyiv Oblast:

Noise, decibel (permissible equivalent level for inhabited area: 55 decibel)* at the border of affected area (3,000 m) at the border of safety buffer zone (300 m) Section of Road 2006 2026 2006 2026 without after without after without after without after rehabilitat rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati ion on on on on on on on End of Boryspil detour (R-03) to junction of 45.2 42.7 54.2 46.7 56.5 54.0 65.5 58.0 Zgurivka-Berezan Motorroad Junction of Zgurivka-Berezan 44.7 42.2 53.9 46.4 56.0 53.5 65.1 57.6 Motorroad to road towards Yagotyn Road towards Yagotyn to 44.3 41.8 53.6 46.1 55.6 53.1 64.8 57.3 Poltava Oblast border

Averaged predictive estimates of noise intensity in Poltava Oblast:

Noise, decibel (permissible equivalent level for inhabited area: 55 decibel)* at the border of affected area (3,000 m) at the border of safety buffer zone (300 m) Section of Road 2006 2026 2006 2026 without after without after without after without after rehabilitat rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati rehabilitati ion on on on on on on on M-03 – Drabiv- Zolotonosha 44.3 41.8 53.6 46.1 55.6 53.1 64.8 57.3 Motorroad ( Т-24 -

27 15) (Kyiv Oblast border) to crossing with Pyriatyn-Grebinka Motorroad Crossing with Pyriatyn-Grebinka 44.2 41.7 53.5 46.0 55.5 53.0 64.8 57.3 Motorroad to start of Lubny detour Lubny detour 43.7 41.2 53.0 45.5 54.9 52.4 64.3 56.8 End of Lubny detour to start of 44.0 41.5 53.4 45.9 55.2 52.7 64.6 57.1 Khorol detour Khorol detour 43.7 41.2 53.2 45.7 55.0 52.5 64.4 56.9 End of Khorol detour to junction of (Lubny- Myrgorod- 44.0 41.5 53.3 45.8 55.2 52.7 64.6 57.1 Opishnia) - Shyshaky-Podil Motorroad (Т-17- 20) Junction of (Lubny- Myrgorod- Opishnia) - Shyshaky-Podil 44.3 41.8 53.5 46.0 55.5 53.0 64.8 57.3 Motorroad (Т-17- 20) to Dykanka- Reshetylivka Motorroad (Т-17- 21) Crossing with Dykanka- Reshetylivka 44.4 41.9 53.5 46.0 55.6 53.1 64.8 57.3 Motorroad (Т-17- 21) to Poltava City Poltava City 46.7 44.2 55.5 48.0 58.0 55.5 66.7 59.2 Poltava City to Poltava- 44.6 42.1 53.0 45.5 55.9 53.4 64.2 56.7 Krasnograd Motorroad (R-11) Poltava- Krasnograd Motorroad (R-11) 43.6 41.1 52.1 44.6 54.9 52.4 63.4 55.9 to Kharkiv Oblast border * - The estimates are made without taking into account any natural (relief, plants) and artificial (buildings) obstacles in the way of noise.

As we can see from the estimates, in 2026, if the traffic concentration corresponds to the predictions and if no special noise protection is applied (noise screens, forest shelter belts, etc.), the levels of acoustic load at the border of safety buffer zone will exceed the MPC (55 decibel) to some extent. The noise levels will be lower if the rehabilitation is performed than if it is not.

28 It is noteworthy that the settlements along the road are mostly rural-type developments established quite long ago. The survey revealed that actually all the homesteads near the road have natural protection against noise, such as perennial plants (fruit- and other trees). Therefore, the actual noise levels will be quite lower than the estimated ones. Moreover, the outskirts of settlements located at a distance of less than 100 m from the road must have additional protection in a form three- row forest shelter belt with several rows of bushes.

Noise barrier panels will be installed in the places specified in the design. Such system of protection will allow to reduce noise nuisance of the road to the limits permissible by the sanitary code. The table below includes estimated noise intensity at the borders of developed areas in Kyiv Oblast settlements with the specified places of obligatory noise-protection measures:

2006 2026

2 at the border of developed area

Settlement Rayon

Area, km without after without after rehabilitation rehabilitation rehabilitation rehabilitation Distancefrom the beginning of mroad,

Ivankiv 9.19457 600 61.4 58.9 70.4 62.9 Bziv 3.46603 13,500 60.8 58.3 69.8 62.3 Borshchiv 1.84954 25,100 61.4 58.9 70.4 62.9

Berezan Boryspil 36.3423 31,300 61.4 58.9 70.4 62.9 Semenivka 3.21992 37,000 60.9 58.4 70.1 62.6

Panfyly 2.45766 56,100 60.9 58.4 70.1 62.6 Yagotyn 8.62092 58,400 60.9 58.4 70.1 62.6 Nychyporivka 4.62062 58,800 55.2 52.7 64.3 56.8 Bogdanivka Yagotyn 3.29562 72,700 59.9 57.4 69.2 61.7 * 70.0 Installation of noise screens – reduction of noise to 30 decibel

Protective green plantations (forest shelter belts: 3-4 rows of trees with 59.0 bushes) – reduction of noise by 8-10 decibel

The table below includes estimated noise intensity at the borders of developed areas in Poltava Oblast settlements with the specified places of obligatory noise-protection measures:

2006 2026

2 at the border of developed area Settlement L/I Rayon

Area, km without after without after rehabilitation rehabilitation rehabilitation rehabilitation Distance from the beginning road, of m 1 Olexiyivka Grebinka 2.47008 87,800 60.5 58.0 69.8 62.3 9 Victoria 1.52891 94,100 56.2 53.7 65.4 57.9 10 Olexandrivka 0.835162 101,400 60.5 58.0 69.8 62.3 11 Mohylivshchyna Pyriatyn 0.250748 104,000 60.5 58.0 69.8 62.3 14 Pyriatyn 9.64031 113,000 60.5 58.0 69.8 62.3 16 Velyka Krucha 2.34882 115,900 60.4 57.9 69.7 62.2 22 Vyly Lubny 0.514207 138,800 60.4 57.9 69.7 62.2

29 29 Лубни 21.6658 151,400 54.2 51.7 63.5 56.0 31 Vilshanka 1.58223 154,800 59.9 57.4 69.2 61.7 36 Voinykha 1.08804 165,300 60.2 57.7 69.6 62.1 Pokrovska 44 4.04123 177,900 60.2 57.7 69.6 62.1 Bagachka 45 Nastasivka 0.79673 181,200 60.2 57.7 69.6 62.1 47 Kovtuny Khorol 1.37346 184,300 60.2 57.7 69.6 62.1 52 Lobkova Balka 0.868585 186,700 60.2 57.7 69.6 62.1 57 Khorol 12.449841 193,400 59.9 57.4 69.4 61.9 61 Vyshniaky 3.75246 198,500 54.4 51.9 63.8 56.3 72 Chapayivka 1.670900 215,000 60.2 57.7 69.5 62.0 77 Shyroke 0.580100 220,700 60.2 57.7 69.5 62.0 81 Sydorivshchyna 0.596820 227,700 60.2 57.7 69.5 62.0 83 Morozivshchyna 0.633754 229,500 60.2 57.7 69.5 62.0 85 Krasnogorivka 2.109023 231,100 60.2 57.7 69.5 62.0 87 Bilotserkivka 4.769026 233,500 60.2 57.7 69.5 62.0

92 Konoplianka Velyka Bagachka 0.582707 239,800 60.2 57.7 69.5 62.0 93 Podil 3.107003 241,100 60.2 57.7 69.5 62.0 96 Lobachi 1.958733 248,400 60.5 58.0 69.7 62.2 100 Glyboka Balka 2.419821 253,500 60.5 58.0 69.7 62.2 Reshetylivka 103 Reshetylivka 10.717196 259,600 60.5 58.0 69.7 62.2 113 Nova Dykanka 0.764894 269,200 60.6 58.1 69.7 62.2 115 Tsyganske 0.936365 273,700 60.6 58.1 69.7 62.2 122 Karpusi 0.766161 277,700 56.2 53.7 65.4 57.9 124 Abazivka 1.732628 278,900 60.6 58.1 69.7 62.2 134 Myltsi 2.837861 287,600 62.9 60.4 71.7 64.2 137 Govtvianchyk 0.153447 289,800 60.2 57.7 69.0 61.5 138 Gorbanivka 0.585691 291,200 62.9 60.4 71.7 64.2 140 Poltava 77.131748 294,500 62.9 60.4 71.7 64.2

145 Nyzhni Mlyny Poltava 0.710739 297,800 62.9 60.4 71.7 64.2 146 Kopyly 1.285953 299,500 62.9 60.4 71.7 64.2 148 Tereshky 2.006194 300,000 58.6 56.1 67.4 59.9 158 Davydivka 0.600306 308,000 55.1 52.6 63.4 55.9 Male 165 0.951129 320,000 59.8 57.3 68.3 60.8 Ladyzhyne 169 Zelenkivka 2.947691 329,700 59.8 57.3 68.3 60.8 170 Voinivka 1.984649 331,700 59.8 57.3 68.3 60.8 Chutove 173 Novofedorivka 2.220956 336,800 59.8 57.3 68.3 60.8 175 Chutove 10.281613 341,900 59.8 57.3 68.3 60.8 * 70.0 Installation of noise screens – reduction of noise to 30 decibel Protective green plantations (forest shelter belts: 3-4 rows of trees with bushes) – 59.0 reduction of noise by 8-10 decibel In accordance with the current standards (VBN В.2.3-218-007-98), the right-of-way shall be 30 m for Category I roads. Within the right-of-way, sanitary standards of environmental pollution are always exceeded and any agricultural activity is excluded. The design parameters of pollution in the right-of-way at different predictive volumes of traffic at present and in 20 years show that noise and pollution of air and ground with lead compounds may exceed the MPC (average daily and single). Emissions within the right-of-way in Kyiv Oblast:

Density of Traffic, Traffic Noise, decibel CO, mg/m3 conditional vehicle/day

30 2006 2006 prognosis for 2026 2006 prognosis for 2026 prognosis Noise exposure equivalent limit for inhabited MPC: 5.0 mg/m3 (single); 3 mg/m3 for 2026 area: 55 decibel (day), 45 decibel (night) (average daily). Hazard Class: 4 16,270 46,850 63.4 72.5 0.1580 0.4549 14,450 42,660 63.0 72.1 0.1403 0.4142 12,900 39,220 62.6 71.8 0.1253 0.3808 3 3 3 NO x, mg/m SO 2, mg/m CxHy, mg/m prognosis for prognosis for 2006 2006 prognosis for 2026 2006 2026 2026 MPC: 0.085 mg/m3 (single); 0.04 mg/m3 MPC: 0.15 (single); 0.05 mg/m3 MPC (single) – 1.0 mg/m3. (average daily). Hazard Class: 2 (average daily). Hazard Class: 3 Hazard Class: 4 0.010532 0.030327 0.000527 0.001516 0.02633 0.07582 0.009354 0.027615 0.000468 0.001381 0.02338 0.06904 0.008350 0.025388 0.000418 0.001269 0.02088 0.06347 Pb (intensity of atmospheric emission), Carbon black, g/m3 Benzpyrene, g/m3 g/m3 prognosis for prognosis for 2006 2006 2006 prognosis for 2026 2026 2026 MPC: 150 g/m3 (single); 50 g/m3 MPC (average daily) – 0.001 MPC: 1.0 g/m3 (single); 0.3 g/m3 (average daily). Hazard Class: 3 g/m3. Hazard Class: 1 (average daily). Hazard Class: 1 0.9742 2.8053 0.00015892 0.00045763 0.18957 0.54588 0.8652 2.5544 0.00014115 0.00041670 0.16837 0.49706 0.7724 2.3484 0.00012601 0.00038310 0.15031 0.45698

Atmospheric emission of solid Pb in ground (due to road operation during next Pb, mg / m x day 20 years), mg/kg prognosis for 2006 prognosis for 2026 2026 MPC: 32 mg/kg 0.154 0.444 116.128 0.137 0.404 105.071 0.122 0.371 95.890

In Poltava Oblast:

Density of Traffic, conditional Traffic Noise, decibel CO, mg/m3 vehicle/day

2006 prognosis for 2026 2006 prognosis for 2026 prognosis 2006 3 3 for 2026 Noise exposure equivalent limit for inhabited MPC: 5.0 mg/m (single); 3 mg/m area: 55 decibel (day), 45 decibel (night) (average daily). Hazard Class: 4 12,890 39,300 62.6 71.8 0.1252 0.3816 12,660 38,980 62.5 71.8 0.1229 0.3785 10,980 34,200 61.9 71.3 0.1066 0.3321 11,840 37,180 63.8 72.2 0.1745 0.4173 11,000 35,480 61.9 71.4 0.1068 0.3445 11,790 36,940 62.2 71.6 0.1145 0.3587 12,800 38,780 62.5 71.8 0.1243 0.3765 13,120 38,740 62.6 71.8 0.1274 0.3762 24,300 64,860 65.0 73.7 0.2359 0.6298 14,000 33,490 62.9 71.2 0.1359 0.3252 10,710 27,080 61.8 70.4 0.1040 0.2629

31 3 3 3 NO x, mg/m SO 2, mg/m CxHy, mg/m prognosis for prognosis for prognosis for 2006 2006 2006 2026 2026 2026 MPC: 0.085 mg/m3 (single); 0.04 MPC: 0.15 (single); 0.05 mg/m3 MPC (single) – 1.0 mg/m3. mg/m3 (average daily). Hazard Class: (average daily). Hazard Class: 3 Hazard Class: 4 2 0.008344 0.025440 0.000417 0.001272 0.02086 0.06360 0.008195 0.025232 0.000410 0.001262 0.02049 0.06308 0.007108 0.022138 0.000355 0.001107 0.01777 0.05535 0.011632 0.027822 0.000582 0.001391 0.02908 0.06955 0.007120 0.022967 0.000356 0.001148 0.01780 0.05742 0.007632 0.023912 0.000382 0.001196 0.01908 0.05978 0.008286 0.025103 0.000414 0.001255 0.02071 0.06276 0.008493 0.025077 0.000425 0.001254 0.02123 0.06269 0.015730 0.041985 0.000786 0.002099 0.03932 0.10496 0.009062 0.021679 0.000453 0.001084 0.02266 0.05420 0.006933 0.017529 0.000347 0.000876 0.01733 0.04382

Pb (intensity of atmospheric emission), Carbon black, g/m3 Benzpyrene, g/m3 g/m3

prognosis for 2006 prognosis for 2026 2006 2006 prognosis for 2026 2026 MPC: 150 g/m3 (single); 50 g/m3 MPC (average daily) – 0.001 MPC: 1.0 g/m3 (single); 0.3 g/m3 (average daily). Hazard Class: 3 g/m3. Hazard Class: 1 (average daily). Hazard Class: 1 0.7718 2.3532 0.00012591 0.00038388 0.15019 0.45791 0.7580 2.3340 0.00012366 0.00038075 0.14751 0.45418 0.6575 2.0478 0.00010725 0.00033406 0.12794 0.39849 1.0760 2.5735 0.00017553 0.00041983 0.20938 0.50079 0.6587 2.1244 0.00010745 0.00034657 0.12817 0.41340 0.7060 2.2119 0.00011516 0.00036083 0.13737 0.43041 0.7664 2.3220 0.00012503 0.00037880 0.14914 0.45185 0.7856 2.3196 0.00012816 0.00037841 0.15287 0.45139 1.4550 3.8836 0.00023736 0.00063355 0.28314 0.75573 0.8383 2.0053 0.00013675 0.00032713 0.16312 0.39022 0.6413 1.6215 0.00010461 0.00026452 0.12479 0.31553

Pb in ground (due to road operation during next 20 Atmospheric emission of solid Pb, mg / m x day years), mg/kg

2006 prognosis for 2026 prognosis for 2026 MPC: 32 mg/kg 0.122 0.372 96.019 0.120 0.369 95.007 0.104 0.324 83.122 0.170 0.407 112.136 0.104 0.336 85.514 0.112 0.350 89.653 0.121 0.367 94.897 0.124 0.367 95.412

32 0.230 0.614 164.036 0.133 0.317 87.372 0.101 0.256 69.526

The accepted design approaches include the following measures for prevention of landslips and ablation along all the road: 1. Leveling of roadside territory within the right-of-way, which allows to prevent stagnation of surface water. 2. Installation of culverts in low places with transverse gradient. 3. Strengthening of the surface drainage system (water channels, chutes, ditches, etc.) in order to prevent scour and infiltration of ground water. 4. Damp-course and reinforcement of water-storage grounds near inlets and outlets of the culverts. 5. Selection of a proper opening for the culvert to ensure free flow. 6. Installation of slopes with appropriate angles of dip, taking into account their height and composition of the ground. 7. Installation of lateral drainage on landslide-prone sections (on the slopes and in the places with close groundwater).

Potential impacts on surface water from rehabilitation and operation of the motorroad: 1) Ingress of contamination into water bodies from the pavement surface. Possible negative impact: additional pollution of surface water. 2) Disruption of hydraulic conditions of water flow at cross-section wih the motorroad due to constriction of water course bottomlands with road embankments and drainage structures. Posible negative impacts: a) increased velocities of water flows and more intensive erosive processes; b) disruption of natural state of water levels and overdrying or overwetting of the territories in the headrace canals of drainage structures and water checks. 3) Disruption of conditions of surface flow formation. Possible negative impacts: more intensive erosive processes and less stable slopes.

Estimated concentrations of pollutants in surface flows from the motorroad in Kyiv Oblast:

Catchment area, Length of road in including Category I including Category ІІ River, basin km 2 encatchment, km (15 m wide), km (7.5 m wide), km the Trubizh + 39.650 39.650 0.000 the Oster 5,698.03 the Trubizh 2,276.12 39.650 39.650 0.000 the Nedra 1,035.62 15.630 15.630 0.000 the Supiy 528.883 22.830 22.830 0.000 (continued)

Pollutants washed off the roadway, concentration in the water course ,

g/m3 Area of road Chemical Biological in Dilution factor Suspensions oxygen demand oxygen demand Petrochemicals encatchment, (COD) -5 (BOD-5) km 2

33 0.5948 0.0001044 0.15657 0.05219 0.00783 0.00125 0.5948 0.0002613 0.39195 0.13065 0.01960 0.00314 0.2345 0.0002264 0.33958 0.11319 0.01698 0.00272 0.3425 0.0006475 0.97125 0.32375 0.04856 0.00777 (end)

Annual rainwater flow quantity from the basin, Annual discharge of pollutants from the roadway, m3 t/year Annual layer of Runoff Flow quantity, Suspension Petrochemi COD BOD-5 precipitations coefficient thousand m 3 s cals , mm 550 0.09 282,052.49 44.16 14.72 2.21 0.35 550 0.09 112,667.94 44.16 14.72 2.21 0.35 550 0.09 51,263.19 17.41 5.80 0.87 0.14 550 0.09 26,179.71 25.43 8.48 1.27 0.20

In Poltava Oblast: Catchment area, Length of road in including Category I including Category ІІ River, basin km 2 encatchment, km (15 m wide), km (7.5 m wide), km the Gnyla Orzhytsia 549.302 34.030 34.030 0.000 the Sula 14,272.24 75.060 75.060 0.000 the Khorol 2,634.03 40.700 40.700 0.000 the Psel 9,814.33 46.900 46.900 0.000 the Vorskla 11,019.65 71.420 71.420 0.000 the Kolomak 630.962 29.980 29.980 0.000 (continued)

Pollutants washed off the roadway, concentration in the water course ,

g/m3 Area of road in Dilution factor Suspensions COD BOD-5 Petrochemicals encatchment, km 2 0.5105 0.0009293 1,39391 0.46464 0.06970 0.01115 1,1259 0.0000789 0.11833 0.03944 0.00592 0.00095 0.6105 0.0002318 0.34766 0.11589 0.01738 0.00278 0.7035 0.0000717 0.10752 0.03584 0.00538 0.00086 1,0713 0.0000972 0.14583 0.04861 0.00729 0.00117 0.4497 0.0007127 1,06908 0.35636 0.05345 0.00855 (end)

Annual rainwater flow quantity from the basin, Annual discharge of pollutants from the roadway, m3 t/year Annual layer of Runoff Flow quantity, Suspension Petrochemi COD BOD-5 precipitations coefficient thousand m 3 s cals , mm 525 0.15 43,257.53 60.30 20.10 3.01 0.48 525 0.15 1,123,938.90 133.00 44.33 6.65 1.06 525 0.15 207,429.86 72.12 24.04 3.61 0.58

34 525 0.15 772,878.49 83.10 27.70 4.16 0.66 525 0.15 867,797.44 126.55 42.18 6.33 1.01 525 0.15 49,688.26 53.12 17.71 2.66 0.42

The aforesaid estimation of impact on surface water is conservative, because it does not take into account the designed measures for water treatment at treatment facilities. Therefore, excess of the MPC is not expected even under strict regulation of pollutional load in wastewater. The Feasibility Study includes design of treatment facilities described in the respective sections for drainage of water to the areas located beyond water protection zones and its treatment. Besides, a scheme of bioengineering treatment facilities (bioplato) is developed for water treatment as a separate volume of the design. Such facilities use microorganisms for biochemical degradation of organic matters.

5. DESCRIPTION OF SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Kyiv Oblast is located in the northern part of Ukraine, in the basin of the Dnipro River. In terms of political subdivision, Kyiv Oblast includes 25 rayons. The area is 28.4 thousand km 2 (4.7% of Ukraine’s area). Population: 1,808.3 thousand persons (3.7% of Ukraine’s residents). Boryspil Rayon . Area: about 1,460 sq. km, 43 settlements, 53,485 residents. Baryshivka Rayon . Area: 957.6 sq. km (3.46% of the oblast area), 38 settlements, 41.5 thousand residents. Yagotyn Rayon . Area: 793.3 sq. km (2.8% of the oblast area).

Poltava Oblast is located on the left bank in the middle Dnipro River and covers the area of 28.8 thousand sq. km. Pyriatyn Rayon . Area: 863.5 sq. km, population: 36.6 thousand persons. Lubny Rayon . Area: 1,378 sq. km, population: 40.8 thousand persons. Khorol Rayon . Area: 1,062.33 sq. km. Velyka Bagachka Rayon. Area: 1,044 sq. km, population: 31.3 thousand persons. Poltava Rayon . Area: 1,259.89 sq. km (4.4% of the oblast area). Population: 66,850 persons. Reshetylivka Rayon. Area: 1,001 sq. km. Chutove Rayon . Area: 861 sq. km, population: 27.1 thousand persons.

35 The area affected by the road in Kyiv Oblast includes 30 settlements with 14.4 thousand residents. The affected area in Poltava Oblast includes 178 settlements with about 550 thousand residents. Parameters of settlements in the area affected by M-03 Motorroad: Kyiv Oblast: Distance from Number of Distance from the L/I Settlement Rayon Area, km 2 the beginning of residents road, m road, m 1 Ivankiv 9.19457 360 600 less than 50 2 Liubartsi 9.49246 390 10,100 over 2,440 3 Bziv 3.46603 500 13,500 50-70 4 Selychivka 1.93197 250 16,700 over 2,440 5 Ustynkova Greblia 0.249834 260 19,500 1,120-1,650 6 Shovkove 0.488635 3,000 20,000 1,650-2,440 7 Voloshynivka 1.83329 160 21,300 370-530 Boryspil 8 Borshchiv 1.84954 340 25,100 less than 50 9 Berezan 36.3423 590 31,300 less than 50 10 Semenivka 3.21992 2,100 37,000 less than 50 11 Leliaky 2.93881 510 38,700 770-1120 12 Khmeliovyk 1.36394 330 40,500 over 2,440 Pereyaslav- 13 Kozliv 3.72468 940 41,900 1,120-1,650 Khmelnitskiy 14 Zhovtneve 7.02109 680 44,700 530-770 15 Grygorivka Yagotyn 0.44238 2,000 48,700 1,650-2,440 16 Somkova Dolyna Pereyaslav- 2.05799 60 50,000 1,120-1,650 17 Radianske Khmelnitskiy 0.418191 280 52,600 1,650-2,440 18 Panfyly 2.45766 100 56,100 less than 50 19 Panfyly 0.141071 30 56,300 1,650-2,440 20 Yagotyn 8.62092 110 58,400 less than 50 21 Nychyporivka 4.62062 70 58,800 180-260 22 Nychyporivka 0.189423 30 60,800 530-770 23 Yagotyn 0.645171 50 62,600 over 2,440 24 Yagotyn 0.252105 510 63,100 1,650-2,440

25 Voronivshchyna Yagotyn 0.644359 80 63,700 370-530 26 Dvirkivshchyna 0.77692 270 64,600 1,120-1,650 27 Cherniakhivka 4.38463 40 67,600 260-379 28 Cherniakhivka 0.592058 230 70,200 1,120-1,650 29 Koptevychivka 1.75932 80 71,300 530-770 30 Bogdanivka 3.29562 50 72,700 50-70 Total: 14,400

Poltava Oblast:

Distance Number of from the Distance from L/I Settlement Rayon Area, km 2 residents beginning the road, m of road, m

1 Teplivla Pyriatyn 2.68333 490 85,300 1,120-1,650 2 Olexiyivka 2.47008 30 87,800 less than 50 Grebinka 3 Natalivka 0.922789 580 88,400 over 2,440 4 Arkhemivka Pyriatyn 0.399791 3,000 89,300 770-1,120 5 Maliutyntsi 3.1706 190 89,300 770-1,120

36 6 Victoria 1.52891 200 94,100 130-180 7 Olexandrivka 0.835162 200 101,400 less than 50 8 Mohylivshchyna 0.250748 50 104,000 less than 50 9 Verkhoyarivka 0.75649 319 106,500 1,650-2,440 10 Rivna 0.669609 1,268 106,600 1,650-2,440 11 Pyriatyn 9.64031 10,100 113,000 less than 50 12 Tarasivka Grebinka 4.71729 700 114,000 over 2,440 13 Mala Krucha 0.518922 290 114,500 770-1,120 Pyriatyn 14 Velyka Krucha 2.34882 1,330 115,900 less than 50 15 Novoselivka 0.185012 846 119,600 1,650-2,440 Grebinka 16 Ulianovka 1.1353 3,600 120,900 over 2,440 17 Povstyn Pyriatyn 1.67188 1,900 124,400 1,120-1,650 18 Karpylivka Lubny 1.79351 1,800 126,300 1,120-1,650 19 Ivanivka Orzhytsia 0.524312 880 130,700 530-770 20 Stepuri 0.450987 1,700 138,500 1,120-1,650 21 Bogodarivka 0.810544 170 138,500 over 2,440 22 Vyly 0.514207 350 138,800 less than 50 23 Gubske 2.73838 220 139,200 over 2,440 24 Ostapivka 2.47958 1,300 141,000 1,650-2,440 25 Tarandyntsi 1.97591 190 141,700 1,650-2,440 26 Pyshne 0.606063 4,400 142,300 less than 50 27 Vyshchyi Bulatets 2.11119 540 146,000 1,120-1,650 28 Novaky 3.54543 710 149,300 370-530 29 Lubny Lubny 21.6658 80 151,400 180-260 30 Klepachi 2.1148 790 151,500 770-1,120 Vilshanka 1.58223 90 154,800 less than 50 31 Mgar 1.47435 70 158,800 530-770 32 Pisky 1.9663 270 160,600 1,120-1,650 33 Zasullia 2.90619 1,800 161,900 770-1,120 34 Solonytsia 2.96598 10 162,400 770-1,120 35 Voinykha 1.08804 320 165,300 less than 50 36 Kupyevakha 0.226593 510 165,400 770-1,120 37 Nazarivka 0.637729 120 169,100 530-770 38 Ivantsi Khorol 0.492924 950 173,900 770-1,120 39 Krevelivka Lubny 0.56376 1,370 174,500 1,650-2,440 40 Zaporozhchyne Khorol 0.371857 940 175,000 over 2,440 41 Totchyne 0.350846 210 175,300 over 2,440 Lubny 42 Shynkivshchyna 0.653348 810 176,000 1,120-1,650 43 Pokrovska Bagachka Khorol 4.04123 3,500 177,900 less than 50 44 Nastasivka 0.79673 1,860 181,200 less than 50 45 Bochky 0.924928 40 183,200 1,650-2,440 46 Kovtuny 1.37346 0 184,300 less than 50 47 Vazhnyna Dolyna 0.270148 0 184,800 1,120-1,650 48 Shtompelivka 1.19893 140 184,800 over 2,440 49 Pavlivka 1.2723 200 185,800 1,120-1,650 50 Padusi 0.438894 370 186,400 over 2,440 51 Lobkova Balka 0.868585 360 186,700 less than 50 52 Lisianshchyna 0.103153 320 186,800 over 2,440 53 Stavky 0.350139 90 187,300 1,120-1,650 54 Radky 0.897135 60 189,700 530-770 55 Glyboka Dolyna 0.612057 60 192,600 1,120-1,650 56 Khorol 12.4498 50 193,400 less than 50 57 Prystan 0.680092 150 194,400 1,120-1,650 58 Popivka 1.93281 310 196,500 770-1,120

37 59 Mala Popivka 0.728908 70 198,200 370-530 60 Vyshniaky 3.75246 100 198,500 180-260 61 Kostiuky 0.677176 140 199,300 1,650-2,440 62 Demyna Balka 0.948551 200 202,500 530-770 63 Verbyne 1.12979 40 203,100 1,650-2,440 64 Pavlenky 0.495554 70 206,100 1,120-1,650 65 Novoivanivka 3.28986 130 206,600 260-379 66 Roplianske 0.212775 60 207,300 1,120-1,650 67 Yalosovetske 2.42041 150 208,200 260-379 68 Chervone 0.499029 40 210,000 770-1,120 69 Lagodivka 0.89815 90 210,500 1,650-2,440 70 Brygadyrivka 2.23764 120 210,700 530-770 71 Chapayevka 1.6709 150 215,000 less than 50 72 Semenivka 1.27816 70 215,900 over 2,440 73 Radyvonivka 2.69959 110 217,400 over 2,440 74 Pushkareve 1.09196 110 218,000 1,120-1,650 75 Bagachka Persha 1.44034 320 219,900 1,650-2,440 76 Shyroke 0.5801 110 220,700 less than 50 77 Mostovivshchyna 1.92677 100 223,200 1,120-1,650 78 Stefanivshchyna 0.910384 730 226,500 770-1,120 79 Vyshari 0.464803 80 227,600 1,650-2,440 80 Sydorivshchyna 0.59682 90 227,700 less than 50 81 Shyposhi Velyka 0.165788 150 228,500 over 2,440 82 Morozivshchyna Bagachka 0.633754 130 229,500 less than 50 83 Dziubivshchyna 0.798442 80 230,300 1,650-2,440 84 Krasnogorivka 2.10902 90 231,100 less than 50 85 Gerusivka 0.310568 270 231,800 770-1,120 86 Bilotserkivka 4.76903 60 233,500 less than 50 87 Lugove 0.744542 200 233,900 1,120-1,650 88 Birky 1.30065 160 236,100 over 2,440 89 Balandy 0.333283 180 238,000 1,650-2,440 90 Ogyrivka 3.77931 170 238,400 1,650-2,440 91 Konoplianka 0.582707 1,000 239,800 less than 50 92 Podil 3.107 200 241,100 less than 50 93 Krokhmaltsi 0.796324 3,100 246,800 1,120-1,650 94 Lyman Drugyi 3.07172 90 247,100 1,650-2,440 95 Lobachi 1.95873 110 248,400 less than 50 96 Tryvaily 0.550594 110 248,900 370-530 97 Gryshky 0.794989 1,100 251,300 over 2,440 98 Bakay 1.45034 510 252,100 1,120-1,650 99 Glyboka Balka 2.41982 120 253,500 less than 50 100 Korzhivka 0.641986 860 254,800 770-1,120 101 Goluby 0.6356 130 255,000 over 2,440 102 Reshetylivka 10.7172 1,700 259,600 less than 50 Reshetylivka 103 Khoruzhi 0.368364 800 260,800 1,650-2,440 104 Prokopivka 0.91004 60 261,200 530-770 105 Bilokoni 1.6692 310 262,800 1,650-2,440 106 Shkurupiyivka 1.22467 330 263,000 530-770 107 Lytvynivka 1.3517 300 264,400 1,120-1,650 108 Kukobivka 1.12315 10 266,200 1,650-2,440 109 Liutivka 0.643363 700 266,400 530-770 110 Demydivka 2.54884 130 267,200 1,120-1,650 111 Dolyna 0.815856 570 269,100 770-1,120 112 Nova Dykanka 0.764894 1,600 269,200 less than 50

38 113 Keleberdivka 1.14712 1,100 272,600 770-1,120 114 Tsyganske 0.936365 810 273,700 less than 50 115 Vasky 1.81631 560 274,300 1,650-2,440 116 Kostochky 0.530005 1,400 274,300 770-1,120 117 Kirove 1.76787 100 274,600 1,650-2,440 118 Gutyrivka 0.551219 64 275,500 1,650-2,440 119 Umantsivka 0.22133 190 275,800 over 2,440 120 Vytivka 1.26736 80 277,500 530-770 121 Karpusi 0.766161 250 277,700 130-180 122 Chervona Dolyna 0.255828 80 278,600 1,120-1,650 123 Abazivka 1.73263 300 278,900 over 50 124 Solomakhivka 0.441295 740 280,000 1,650-2,440 125 Lavryky 0.433781 660 280,200 1,120-1,650 126 Rozhayivka 0.552949 630 281,600 1,650-2,440 127 Mazurivka 0.285651 790 282,400 1,650-2,440 128 Kovanchyk 1.16375 107 283,100 over 2,440 129 Ivashky 2.44568 368 284,600 370-530 130 Bayrak 0.569566 607 285,000 1,650-2,440 131 Suprunivka 3.4247 273 286,600 less than 50 132 Gozhuly 3.77876 5,900 287,100 1,650-2,440 133 Myltsi 2.83786 6,200 287,600 less than 50 134 Shostaky 1.53337 100 288,400 770-1,120 135 Kuklyntsi 0.71482 38 289,100 1,650-2,440 136 Govtvianchyk 0.153447 47 289,800 90-130 137 Gorbanivka 0.585691 115 291,200 less than 50 138 Rozsoshentsi 2.31532 9,800 292,100 770-1,120 139 Poltava 77.1317 660,000 294,500 less than 50 Poltava 140 Shcherbani 1.97809 18,300 295,700 1,120-1,650 141 Shmygli 0.679321 7,500 296,500 1,120-1,650 142 Tiutiunnyky 0.44493 3,600 296,600 1,650-2,440 143 Gora 1.19066 3,300 297,100 770-1,120 144 Nyzhni Mlyny 0.710739 12,800 297,800 less than 50 145 Kopyly 1.28595 16,300 299,500 less than 50 146 Zintsi 1.14895 1,500 300,000 770-1,120 147 Tereshky 2.00619 110 300,000 130-180 148 Makukhivka 1.05227 2,500 303,100 1,650-2,440 149 Mykilske 1.65981 15,700 303,300 over 2,440 150 Andrushky 0.475433 303,900 1,650-2,440 151 Markivka 0.693945 304,200 770-1,120 152 Sosnivka 0.363431 305,200 over 2,440 153 Verkholy 0.96366 305,500 770-1,120 154 Vatsi 1.11406 305,900 1,650-2,440 155 Grabynivka 0.568601 306,200 770-1,120 156 Kovalivka 2.18614 307,300 1,650-2,440 157 Davydivka 0.600306 308,000 180-260 158 Yizhakivka 0.433659 22,800 308,100 260-379 159 Zaliznychne 1.58629 309,300 over 2,440 160 Kulykove 2.44237 313,000 370-530 161 Dudnykove 1.93885 316,800 770-1,120 162 Stepanivka 0.768685 317,700 1,650-2,440 163 Velyke Ladyzhyne 0.599053 320,000 1,650-2,440 164 Male Ladyzhyne 0.951129 320,000 less than 50 165 Vasylivka 3.10393 322,200 260-379 166 Burty 0.46145 322,600 over 2,440

39 167 Storozhove 2.8268 328,000 1,120-1,650 168 Zelenkivka 2.94769 329,700 less than 50 169 Voinivka 1.98465 331,700 less than 50 170 Vynomynivka 0.723018 334,100 1,120-1,650 171 Lysycha 1.26744 335,500 1,650-2,440 172 Novofedorivka 2.22096 336,800 less than 50 Chutove 22,800 173 Stinka 1.1377 340,800 1,650-2,440 174 Chutove 10.2816 341,900 less than 50 175 Kochubeyivka 3.0524 345,400 over 2,440 176 Cherniakivka 3.93491 347,900 1,650-2,440 177 Verkhni Rivni 0.36668 348,800 over 2,440 178 Nyzhni Rivni 0.913572 349,700 260-379 Total: 548,132

The estimates show that though a lot of residents will be affected by operation of the road, quite fewer residents will be affected along its route in comparison with other motorways in Ukraine.

6. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The technological environment in the area affected by the motorroad includes power lines, adjacent local roads, and residential development. The project will have additional impact on civil residential and industrial buildings, above-ground structures, and social organization of the territory (including recreational areas and cultural landscapes) at the stage of rehabilitation due to temporary impairment of the infrastructure and passage and also because of environmental pollution. On the contrary, after the road is commissioned, it will have a positive impact on the technological environment. The world practice shows that motorroads of Category I and II extend their socio- economic impact on hundreds of kilometres and contribute to business activity, investment appeal of the territory, creation of new jobs, etc.

7. MEASURES FOR MAINTENANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

The environmental impact of the project will be reduced to noise and air pollution with dust and aerosol emissions from internal-combustion engines. The mitigation measures will include: - prevention of landslide and ablation effects (strengthening of surface water drainage systems to prevent washouts and groundwater seepage, installation of a drainage system, and other measures to prevent landslip on safe sections with high water table); - reduction of atmospheric emissions (proper control of compliance with work technique and leveling of horizontal alignment in order to ensure steady traffic); - noise reduction measures (installation of noise screens and prohibition of pile-driving at night); - protection of soil (removal and stockpiling of vegetation soil on specially assigned grounds with its further use for improvement of fertility); - reduction of impact on flora and fauna (prohibition to cut trees beyond the borders of zone alloted for rehabilitation of the road and road structures, prohibition to cover with earth the root collars and the trunks of the trees growing near the rehabilitation site, and provision for migration of animals in the places of passages, bridges, overhead roads, culverts, etc.);

40 - waste management (regular transportation of building materials in the course of rehabilitation without stockpiling the large lots at the construction sites, temporary stockpiling of building refuse at the construction site in specially assigned places, availability of transportable containers for metal rejects, oiled rags, petrochemicals, etc. at the construction sites, and obligatory removal of building refuse from the construction site with its further utilization); - prevention of negative changes in the hydrologic environment (prevention of pollutant ingress into the aquatic environment due to pollution of ground, installation of mimimum number of footings in water courses during rehabilitation of bridges, etc.). Key measures accepted for environmental protection: - the road shall be rehabilitated with the maximum use of existing right-of-way; - the fertile layer of soil shall be removed along all the road, stockpiled in the right-of-way and then used for consolidation of the roadbed, reclamation of ground-pits, and improvement of low-yield soils in other locations; - the culverts are designed to provide for for free flow and fully equipped with chutes for water drainage to protect the ground in the roadside territories against erosion processes; - the water courses shall be reinforced with concrete slabs and dashpots near the culvert heads to prevent scour at the points of entry and exit; - the pavement structure shall not include toxic materials, either in the carpet, or in the bottom layers; - in order to reduce dust formation in cases when vehicles drive down to the verges, the design includes reinforcement of the verges with asphalt coat; - the lands disrupted temporarily during construction shall be reclaimed after completion of the construction and returned to their users for further economic activities; Special measures are also planned, including treatment facilities at the sections of active water courses and noise screens on the road near inhabited localities. In the places of animal migration, special biopassages shall be installed in a form of artificial structures: droves, bridges, tunnels, and corrugated-metal pipes. The list of additional design approaches to be taken into account in order to observe the environmental protection requirements during construction of M-03 Motorroad: 1. Provide compensations to and come to agreements with the users of forest plots to be cut down. The size of compensation shall not be lower than the value of material assessment of the green plantations specified in the certificates of inspection. 2. In the cases when roadside forest shelter belts are cut down, arrange alternative green plantations in coordination with the State Department of Ecological Resources and, if necessary, with the oblast forestries. 3. On all the bridges, install water drainage from the roadway to treatment facilities: of physical and mechanical treatment, filled with filter medium (fine-grained crushed rock), and bioplato.

8. COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

After analyzing the factors of environmental impacts, we have to note that the motorroad will have a negative impact only in its zone of influence (affected zone) and within the limits of minimum atmospheric air pollution. The levels of atmospheric air pollution in the affected zone will not exceed the permissible limits.

41 The estimated impact on surface and ground water is minimal. The system of design approaches to rainwater and meltwater drainage and organization of roadway cutting includes drainage both from the roadway and from the engineering structures. The impact on flora and fauna will be insignificant. No impact is expected on protected areas. In general, if the motorroad is operated properly, the estimated integral impact on most of the environmental components will be insignificant, provided that all the designed protective measures are applied. This project will have explicit positive social outcomes. The impact on technological environment is qualified as positive. Due to better riding qualities of the new road, as compared with the old one, the general effect of rehabilitation is expected to be rather positive than negative.

The residual effects will include: - levels of noise, which will not exceed the current maximum permissible limits for inhabited localities, provided that the proposed protective measures are applied; - pollutant emissions, which will not exceed the MPC; - runoffs from the roadway surface, in which pollutant concentrations will be lower than the MPC and will not have any impact on the water quality in water bodies, provided that protective measures (channeling of the runoffs to treatment facilities) are applied.

9. ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION

The construction works for rehabilitation of the road and bridgeworks will be performed by the general contractor which will win the tender. The plan is to start the construction works in 2006 and to complete them in 2013. All the materials, their transportation and storage, methods of construction works, and quality assurance of the materials and the construction works shall correspond to the technical specifications included in the tender documents. Provision for occupational safety shall be ensured by the construction management and include, without limitation, the following key measures: - provide personal and collective protective gear (overalls, footwear, goggles, etc.) to all the workers under the effective regulations; - communicate the road-building safety code to all the workers; - provide the appropriate safety code briefing before commencement of the works; - equip the work sites with bright posters on safety codes for respective operations; - arrange for transportation of the workers to their work sites only by the vehicles specially equipped for such purposes; - install night-time lighting and appropriate fencing of the work sites; - provide amenity premises and structures for building sites in accordance with requirements of normative documents on safety code, industrial sanitation, etc. The contractors shall include the specific engineering decisions on occupational safety and hygiene and sanitary conditions of the workers in the designs of construction works. The fire safety measures shall include the following: - ensure that the workers observe fire safety requirements; - develop the schemes of personnel and machinery evacuation and communicate such schemes to the workers;

42 - install fire safety shields with equipment (chemical extinguishers, boxes with dry sand, buckets, spades, gaffs, etc.) at the sites; - equip the premises with fire extinguishers with instructions and placards including the names of persons in charge of fire safety; - assign special places for smoking and equip them with appropriate fire fighting equipment and Smoking Place placards; - provide for possible passage of fire engines to each building and structure and ensure proper maintenance of such passages; Only the personnel familiar with the procedures and briefed on occupational and fire safety shall be admitted to the work. In order to ensure high riding qualities and durability of the road and create appropriate traffic conditions, the construction documentation includes application of state-of-the-art technologies, materials, machines, and mechanisms during adaptation of the road to motorway requirements. The feasibility study includes milling of the existing bituminous concrete pavement, cold recycling technique of pavement layers, and application of geotextiles, synthetic layers, and rubbly- mastic bituminous concrete. The roadbase layers shall be made of materials reinforced with cement, and the layers of carpet shall be made of bituminous concrete on cementic polymer bituminous material. The design documents include antirust metal fencing. For the engineering structures: - application of Spolimost S weldup damp-course; - application of hermetic rubbly-mastic isolation joints; - extension of superstructure dimensions with a cast-in-block overhead slab; - application of durable antirust zinc-plating and three-coat painting on metal structures, with each layer of paint at least 220 micron thick; - anticorrosive protection of concrete surfaces with paints based on acrylic compositions; - application of damp-course carpet made of poured (modified) asphalt concrete; - application of fine rubbly-mastic bituminous concrete for floors of structures; and - application of repair materials based on polymer concrete compositions to renovate concrete surfaces.

The main nature-conservative measures at the stage of construction include: - mandatory observation of safety code and occupational safety regulations; - separation of dangerous areas and worksites with special multiple-use fencing - installation of caution signs and placards in the necessary places; - stockpiling of building materials and structures on the vacant grounds within the right-of- way in order to avoid passage blocking; - exclusion of pollution caused by machinery and mechanisms to carriageways of communication roads and the places where ground and building refuse is handled; - prevention of technological vehicles from driving beyond the right-of-way; - bulk building materials and mixes shall be delivered packed to the construction site, and solutions and concrete shall be transported in concrete haulers; - installation of night-time lighting for the passages; - exclusion of continuous idling operation of vehicle and machinery engines; - disposal of building refuse, garbage, and ground in strict compliance with the permissions obtained in accordance with the established procedures; - control of engineering equipment, mechanisms and machinery operation, prompt repair and prevention of defective mechanisms from operation;

43 - prohibition to cut down trees beyond the strip allotted for construction of the road and road structures; - strict compliance with effective fire safety norms and regulations; - the garbage shall be localized and then removed in a centralized way by a specialized organization. The following measures shall be ensured: - regular transporting of building materials in the course of works, without stockpiling of their large lots at the construction sites; - temporary stockpiling of building refuse in specially assigned places at the construction sites; - availablility of transportable containers for metal waste, oiled rags, petrochemicals, etc.

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