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Hukay Is a Tagalog Term That Can Either Be the Verb ‚To Dig‛ Or a Noun, ‚A Hole in the Ground As a Result of Digging‛

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Hukay Is a Tagalog Term That Can Either Be the Verb ‚To Dig‛ Or a Noun, ‚A Hole in the Ground As a Result of Digging‛ Hukay is a Tagalog term that can either be the verb ‚to dig‛ or a noun, ‚a hole in the ground as a result of digging‛. It also means ‚an excavation‛ among archaeology practitioners in the Philippines. Published twice a year, Hukay is the refereed journal of the University of the Philippines - Archaeological Studies Program. We accept articles on the archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, palaeoenvironmental studies, and heritage of the Asia and Pacific regions. The Editors and the Reviewers are not responsible and should not be held liable for any personal views or opinions expressed here by the contributing authors. All questions and/or reactions to such should be addressed to the author(s) concerned. Founding Editor Victor J. Paz Editor Grace Barretto-Tesoro Associate Editor Francis N. Claravall Layout Design Francis N. Claravall Cover Design Francis N. Claravall Anna Pineda Taj Vitales Archaeological Studies Program Albert Hall University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City http://asp.upd.edu.ph/hukay © Archaeological Studies Program All Rights Reserved No copies can be made in part or in whole without prior written permission from the author and the publisher. ISSN 0119-173X On the cover: Ground floor plan of Structure A, Figure 16 from Angelus Maria P. Sales’ article on p. 15. Hukay Journal for Archaeological Research in Asia and the Pacific Volume 18 2013 Archaeological Studies Program University of the Philippines 2013 Contents i Foreword 1 Building in the Past: A Preliminary Analysis of the Construction Materials and Methods Used in Structure A in Barangay Pinagbayanan, San Juan, Batangas Angelus Maria P. Sales 31 Estimates of Quaternary Philippine Coastlines, Land Bridges, Submerged River Systems and Migration Routes: A GRASS GIS approach Emil Charles Robles 54 Archaeological Research in the Laguna de Bay area, Philippines Timothy James Vitales 82 Proposal for a Surface Archaeology Methodology in Bluff lands Archaeology (the Cordillera region of Luzon) Michael Armand P. Canilao BOOK REVIEWS 90 Mai Lin Tjoa-Bonatz, Andreas Reinecke, and Dominik Bonatz (Eds). Connecting Empires and States: Selected Papers from the 13th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press. Review by Harpy Valence B. Valerio 96 Michael Armand P. Canilao. 2011. Of Gold, Spanish Conquistadors, And Ibaloi Generational Memory. Baguio City: Cordillera Studies Center, University of the Philippines Baguio Review by Arch. Ferdinand Isidro dela Paz 98 Erik Akpedonu and Czarina Saloma. 2011. CASA BOHOLANA: Vintage Houses of Bohol. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press Review by Arch. Ferdinand Isidro dela Paz 101 Roxana Waterson and Kwok Kian-Woon (Eds). 2012. Contestations of Memory in Southeast Asia. Singapore: National University of Singapore (NUS) Press. Review by Kerby C. Alvarez i Foreword Starting with this volume, Hukay will be published through the University of the Philippines Diliman Journal online and downloaded from journals.upd.edu.ph. The shift to digital publishing envisions that Hukay will be more accessible outside the UP-Archaeological Studies Program (UP-ASP). Although a number of individuals might not agree with the move to online publication, we have to think of the long term benefits. Digital publishing means that Hukay can now accept more coloured figures without worrying about the high costs that come with the publication of hard copies. Distribution of the articles is quicker and less expensive since everything can be done online. Readers can download, store, read, and print articles anytime and anywhere. The biggest challenge we have in publishing Hukay is the amount of funds required to print hard copies and distribute them to international reviewers and journal exchange partners. Hukay’s new digital format will greatly reduce the financial strain on its limited budget. In addition, since many of the Hukay articles are reading materials in archaeology courses at the UP-ASP, online accessibility is the best way to promote the journal and increase its readership. This volume contains four articles. In the first article, Angelus Sales discusses the construction of a stone house excavated in Barangay Pinagbayanan in San Juan, Batangas, Philippines. Combining the results of two excavation seasons with her background in architecture, Sales describes the construction system of the foundation, walls, stone posts, and floor. The article is a good reference for archaeologists excavating stone structures dating from the 16th to the 19th century in the Philippines. Emil Robles using Geographic Resources Analysis Support System GIS approach in estimating ancient coastlines, land bridges, and submerged river systems proposes possible migration routes in ancient times coinciding with different sea levels. Robles’ work provides us with population movement models that archaeologists can use in surveying ancient sites in the Philippines. It might also explain why some regions in ii the Philippines have very early sites and why others are bereft of archaeology. The Laguna de Bay area in southern Luzon, Philippines has already been proven to be archaeologically significant based on pothunting activities in the lake area. Recognising the old archaeology of the Laguna de Bay, Timothy James Vitales compiles the archaeological researches around the lake and recommends areas for targeted excavations. Michael Canilao’s Master’s thesis from the UP-ASP was on searching for early settlements in the Cordillera region in northern Philippines. Canilao’s thesis was subsequently published into a book and a review is included in this volume. In his article, Canilao recounts his field experiences including his most recent excavations in the highlands of Ilocos Sur, in western Cordillera. He proposes systematic surface survey, a workable method to conduct research in the highlands. This volume also contains four book reviews. We like to thank the University of Singapore Press for the books ‚Connecting Empires and States: Selected Papers from the 13th International Conference of the European Association of Southeast Asian Archaeologists‛ and ‚Contestations of Memory in Southeast Asia‛. Ateneo De Manila University Press provided us with a copy of ‚CASA BOHOLANA: Vintage Houses of Bohol‛ and Michael Armand Canilao gave us a complimentary copy of ‚Of Gold, Spanish Conquistadors, And Ibaloi Generational Memory‛. In October 2013, the Philippines suffered a major earthquake that destroyed centuries-old churches in the islands of Cebu and Bohol. As of this writing, no report has been made regarding the heritage houses in Bohol which are the subject of the book ‘CASA BOHOLANO’. The destruction of the churches had more impact to the Philippine population than the collapse of other buildings since these sacred sites are symbols of faith and identity, history markers, and heritage areas. The Philippines has a long history of churches destroyed by calamities such as flooding, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. The Filipinos have shown their resilience through rebuilding the churches or transferring the towns to a safer location. Earthquake ordinances were promulgated in the late 1800s outlining building regulations to minimise loss of properties and lives. In this connection, we hope that cooperation between government lead agencies with private cultural and heritage professionals continue and appropriate mitigating measures are put in place so that the ruins may be iii preserved and/or rehabilitated and those that suffered damage are reinforced to ensure their structural integrity. Some churches suffered catastrophic damage so that nothing was left but rubbles of the original structures. This then necessitates us archaeologists and heritage conservators to continue to document, protect, and restore heritage structures before they are lost for all time. Grace Barretto-Tesoro Hukay Editor Building in the Past: A Preliminary Analysis of the Construction Materials and Methods Used in Structure A in Barangay Pinagbayanan, San Juan, Batangas Angelus Maria P. Sales 1 Abstract The Batangas Field School Program under its field director, Grace Barretto -Tesoro, has been excavating Structure A, Site I in Barangay Pinagbayanan, San Juan, Batangas for two consecutive years. In 2009, the southern portion of Structure A was investigated which resulted to the discovery of parts of an old Spanish house more commonly known as bahay na bato. This Spanish house is believed to be made up of adobe blocks and wooden sidings with capiz windows and clay roof tiles. In 2010, the focus shifted from the southern portion of Structure A to its northern portion. The results from the 2010 excavation became a vital source of additional information about the whole structure. With the whole of Structure A almost excavated, a study of the construction technology employed to create the house should be done to further understand the structure. This paper will attempt to make such study. This paper will discuss the construction materials and technology used to build Structure A and compare it with other archaeologically investigated Spanish colonial structures. An overview of the transition from nipa huts to stone houses with respect to the changes in their construction techniques will also be given. Finally, recommendations will be given with respect to conducting an archaeological research that deals with structures. 1 Diploma Graduate, Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman.
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