Urban Age South America New
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
SOUTH AMERICAN CITIES: SECURING AN URBAN FUTURE 2 SOUTH AMERICAN CITIES CONTENT URBAN AGE SOUTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICAN CITIES In bringing the Urban Age to São Paulo, the London School of Economics and Deutsche Bank’s Alfred Herrhausen Society are confronting the changing FINE TUNING SOUTH AMERICAN CITIES 3 Deyan Sudjic realities of one of the most urbanised regions of the world. Like its seven THE SPECIALISED DIFFERENCES OF GLOBAL CITIES 4 predecessors, the eighth Urban Age conference addresses the social, Saskia Sassen economic and spatial conditions of urban South America through an BUILDING URBAN ASSETS IN SOUTH AMERICA 7 interdisciplinary lens, focusing on the interconnected issues of security, Jeroen Klink mobility, climate change, governance, urban design and development. POLITICS, POWER, CITIES 9 Enrique Peñalosa Following in-depth analysis of New York, Shanghai, London, Mexico City, THE MOBILITY DNA OF CITIES 11 Johannesburg and Berlin – brought together in The Endless City book Fabio Casiroli published earlier this year – the Urban Age in 2007 turned its attention to CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE 12 cities in India and now to São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Bogotá David Sattherwaite and Lima. In 2009, the focus will be on Istanbul and urban development THE CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN LATIN AMERICA 14 in South-Eastern Europe, with a concluding Urban Summit and major Patricia Romero Lankao exhibition in Berlin in 2010. FROM WASTE TO PUBLIC SPACE 15 Stela Goldenstein The South America Urban Age conference in São Paulo will be the largest SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT IN LATIN AMERICAN CITIES 16 and most complex of the series, bringing together 80 experts and civic Gareth Jones leaders from over 25 cities from 14 countries. It follows a year of research URBAN AGE CITY DATA and a series of workshops in London and São Paulo, as well as input drawn from submissions to the second annual Deutsche Bank Urban Age Award, URBAN AGE OVERVIEW 19 created in 2007 to recognise and celebrate creative solutions to the SOUTH AMERICAN CITIES 20 challenges facing cities. Working closely with academic and institutional SÃO PAULO 21 partners and by inviting speakers from around the world to share their RIO DE JANEIRO 22 BUENOS AIRES 23 urban experiences, the Urban Age conference offers a mirror to reflect BOGOTÁ 24 on São Paulo’s problems and opportunities at a time of intense social, LIMA 25 political and economic change. GOVERNING CITIES 26 CITIES AND REGIONS 29 Ricky Burdett Wolfgang Nowak URBAN FOOTPRINT 30 Director, Urban Age Managing Director London School of Economics Alfred Herrhausen Society DENSITY 32 and Political Science Deutsche Bank URBAN FORM 34 MOVING IN THE CITY 35 THE URBAN WORKFORCE 40 METROPOLITAN SCALE IN SÃO PAULO 42 Regina Meyer FOCUS ON SÃO PAULO URBAN AGE CITY SURVEY 44 Luci Oliveira and Ben Page URBAN AGE CONTACT NEW URBAN OPPORTUNITIES 48 Raul Juste Lores Cities Programme THE MULTICULTURAL CITY 50 The London School of Economics José de Souza Martins Urban Age is a worldwide investigation and Political Science into the future of cities. Houghton Street SÃO PAULO’S URBAN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE 52 London WC2A 2AE Ciro Biderman Organised by the Cities Programme at the United Kingdom MOBILITY AND THE URBAN POOR 53 London School of Economics and Political T +44 (0)20 7955 7706 Alexandre Gomide Science and the Alfred Herrhausen Society, the International Forum of Deutsche Bank. [email protected] WORLDS SET APART 54 www.urban-age.net Teresa Caldeira SAFE SPACES IN SÃO PAULO 56 Alfred Herrhausen Society Paula Miraglia Deutsche Bank Unter den Linden 13/15 IMPLEMENTING URBAN CHANGE 59 10117 Berlin Nadia Somekh and Carlos Leite Germany INSERTS T +49 (0)30 3407 4201 [email protected] SOURCES*DEUTSCHE BANK URBAN AGE AWARD www.alfred-herrhausen-gesellschaft.de The data illustrated in this section has been derived from various official statistical sources, including the United Nations Statistics URBANDivision, Instituto AGE Basileiro SOUTH de Geografia AMERICA e Estatistica (Brazil),CONFERENCE Departamento Administrativo PROGRAMME Nacional de Estadistica (Colombia), Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (Argentina), Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (Peru), Observatorio Urbano The URBAN AGE CITY DATA section has been derived from various official statistical sources, including the United Nations Statistics Division, Instituto (Lima) and Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano (Buenos Aires) as well as the individual ministries, departments and secretariats for each city, state and country. Basileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (Brazil), Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (Colombia), Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (Argentina), Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (Peru), Observatorio Urbano (Lima) and Ministerio de Desarrollo Urbano A complete list of data sources is available at www.urban-age.net (Buenos Aires) as well as individual Ministries, Departments and Secretariats for each city, state and country. Complete data sources available at www.urban-age.net SECURING AN URBAN FUTURE 59 of its built-up area should become sites for Operações Urbanas (urban interventions). To date these have been the subject IMPLEMENTING URBAN CHANGE of repeated criticism with piecemeal results which lack a comprehensive vision of urban design. There is no vision for a By comparing São Paulo’s realities with international examples of urban regeneration, sustainable urban model with clear environmental objectives, nor has there been any public debate about public space and Nadia Somekh and Carlos Leite explore the constraints and opportunities to rebalancing the role of public transport and the private car in deliver high quality design in the city’s major urban projects. the city’s future The crisis of contemporary Brazilian urbanism reflects the weakness of the system of large-scale ‘strategic masterplans’, When it comes to the realisation of major urban interventions, which wrongly assume that all urban problems can be solved São Paulo is lagging behind other world cities. Buenos Aires, by one single instrument. The successful strategy for city-level ‘urban interventions’ must be considered as an instrument our closest neighbour, has with Puerto Madero succeeded in Vila Maria -Carandiru creating a high-end development on brownfield industrial of structural transformation, built on a partnership between land, which attracts business and visitors, despite its lack of the public and private sectors. It is a process that requires the participation of landowners, investors, residents and integration within the city. Diagonal Norte Cerso Garcia But who wins and who loses in these projects? How are representatives of civil society which identifies particular urban these projects delivered? What institutional arrangements areas for transformation as part of a wider metropolitan impact on design quality and the creation of sustainable strategy. To be implemented successfully, such a strategy environments? How many jobs are created? And for whom? requires a series of medium and long-term measures, including Vila Leopoldina -Jaguare These are the questions that São Paulo’s political, design and Diagonal Sul land tenure reform, evaluation of real estate potential, development communities need to address to formulate a strict land use regulations and public space interventions. Rio Verde Jacú new urban policy and to deliver a strategy to implement high The São Paulo experience has since the 1990s failed to quality urban design that works with the grain of the city. deliver an effective and democratic urban vision for the city. Many of the international success stories in the regeneration The major reason for this failure is the absence of a proper management and implementation vehicle that takes into of large-scale sites – such as redundant ports, railway, Vila Sonia manufacturing and transport areas – suggest that considerable account the full social and economic costs and benefits of levels of public investment and management are necessary to projects of this scale and complexity. Any intervention of this make them work. In Brazil the private sector has historically sort must embrace the various actors and agents involved in the taken the lead due to the lack of public funding or involvement Proposed projects Existing projects Built-up area production of city space, constructing a communal fabric that in urban regeneration. Yet, a long-term perspective is a Rail São Paulo values the individual citizen. Yet, this approach assumes public prerequisite of sustainable planning as opposed to the short- Sites identified by the city authorities for urban regeneration, Operações engagement to achieve a shared objective. Demolition of entire term returns on investment required by any commercial Urbanas (urban interventions), include areas often – but not always – adjacent pieces of city and their replacement by ‘model’ projects will do to existing transport infrastructure. operator. In Washington DC, for example, the Corporation little to improve the lives of existing urban dwellers, and will for the Development of Pennsylvania Avenue developed a simply cause displacement and erosion of its existing social 25-year vision for the regeneration of the area. The establishment starting point for urban and social housing projects, as they and urban fabric. of a delivery vehicle – an administrative structure with strong do across the whole of France. Exceptions to this rule are the Given the extreme levels of social inequality