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Pdf/SUMMARY.Pdf 91 Mandataire Client Institut für angewandtes Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Stoffstrommanagement (IfaS) Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Dag-Hammarskjöld-Weg 1-5 Fachhochschule Trier D-65760 Eschborn Etude sur les potentiels de biomasse pour la région Souss-Massa-Drâa et la province d’Essaouira Birkenfeld/Allemagne, Janvier 2010 Note préliminaire juridique des mandants Dans le cadre de la présente étude, l'Institut de la Gestion des Flux de Matériaux (IfaS) a réalisé une collecte et une analyse de données à grande échelle. Un soin particulier a été apporté au traitement des données. La GTZ et les auteurs ne peuvent se porter garants de l’exactitude des données de cette étude; en outre, ils n’engagent aucune responsabilité concernant toute perte ou dommage résultant de l’utilisation de ces données. Cependant il n’est pas à exclure que, vu la disponibilité réduite de données dans la région, l’étude présente des carences ou des erreurs. Aussi nous demandons aux lecteurs spécialisés dans ce domaine de faire parvenir à la GTZ et aux auteurs toutes indications complémentaires. Merci de vous adresser à : [email protected] La GTZ est l’unique propriétaire de cette étude, quelle que soit la forme sous laquelle elle sera exploitée. Toute photocopie ou reproduction totale ou partielle de l’étude (y compris sa transmission sur un support de données) et sa diffusion à des fins non commerciales ne sont autorisées que si la GTZ et les auteurs sont mentionnés comme la source du document. Toutes autres démarches, y compris la photocopie, la reproduction ou la transmission de toute ou partie de l’étude à des fins commerciales, nécessitent l’accord préalable écrit de la GTZ et des auteurs. Client: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit– Coopération Technique Allemand (GTZ) Mandataire: Institut für angewandtes Stoffstrommanagement– Institut de la Gestion des Flux de Matières (IfaS) Université des Sciences Appliqué de Trêves - Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld Gestion de projet: Prof. Dr. Peter Heck (Geschäftsführender Direktor IfaS) Moulay Radi El Harrak (Geschäftsführender Direktor IfaS Maghreb) Elaboré par: Marco Angilella, Dipl.-Betriebswirt (FH) Jörg Böhmer, Dipl.-Ing. agr. Oussama Kdadri, B. Eng. Ralf Köhler, Dipl.-Forst-Ing. (FH) Adam Mahamat Ali Alexander Reis, Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Nina Runge, Dipl.-Betriebswirtin (FH), M.Sc. International Cooperation Policy Nele Sutterer, B.Sc. agr. Contenue Liste des figures.................................................................................................................. V Liste des tableaux ............................................................................................................. VII Liste d’abréviations............................................................................................................. X 1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Contexte .................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Objectifs................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Description du projet................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Client........................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Mandataire............................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Durée du projet........................................................................................................................ 4 2.4 Démarche ................................................................................................................................ 4 2.4.1 Délimitation de la zone d’étude ........................................................................................... 4 2.4.2 La définition de la notion du potentiel.................................................................................. 5 2.4.3 Analyse des flux de matériaux............................................................................................. 7 2.4.4 Détermination du terme tonne d’équivalent pétrole............................................................. 8 2.4.5 Détermination des équivalents de CO 2 ............................................................................... 8 3 Economie circulaire.................................................................................................10 3.1 Contexte générale ................................................................................................................. 10 3.2 Approches d’économie circulaire dans le secteur de l’eau ................................................... 12 3.3 Approches d’économie circulaire dans le secteur des déchets ............................................ 14 3.4 Approches d’économie circulaire dans le secteur d’énergie ................................................. 16 4 Biomasse..................................................................................................................18 4.1 Formes de biomasse ............................................................................................................. 18 4.2 Anwendungen........................................................................................................................ 21 5 Stratégies nationales...............................................................................................25 5.1 Energies renouvelables ......................................................................................................... 27 5.2 Agriculture.............................................................................................................................. 29 6 La zone d’étude........................................................................................................32 6.1 Géographie............................................................................................................................ 32 6.2 Climat..................................................................................................................................... 35 6.3 Ressources............................................................................................................................ 36 6.3.1 Eau .................................................................................................................................... 36 6.3.2 Sol...................................................................................................................................... 41 6.4 Economie............................................................................................................................... 42 I 7 Analyse des flux de matériaux................................................................................44 7.1 Agriculture.............................................................................................................................. 44 7.1.1 Aperçu général .................................................................................................................. 44 7.1.2 Acteurs............................................................................................................................... 45 7.1.3 Démarche .......................................................................................................................... 45 7.1.4 Potentiels ........................................................................................................................... 48 7.1.4.1 Potentiel des cultures céréalières.................................................................................. 48 7.1.4.2 Résidus provenant de la culture sous serre .................................................................. 51 7.1.4.3 Bois défriché provenant des cultures fruitières et des cultures arboricoles .................. 56 7.1.4.4 Excréments issus de l’élevage d’animaux..................................................................... 58 7.1.4.5 Autres matières premières issues du domaine agricole................................................ 60 7.1.5 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 61 7.2 Sylviculture ............................................................................................................................ 65 7.2.1 Aperçu général .................................................................................................................. 65 7.2.2 Acteurs............................................................................................................................... 67 Potentiels ....................................................................................................................................... 69 7.2.3 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 74 7.3 Gestion des déchets.............................................................................................................. 75 7.3.1 Aperçu général .................................................................................................................. 75 7.3.2 Acteurs..............................................................................................................................
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