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Epidemiología De Las Gastroenteritis Agudas Víricas. Aspectos Actuales

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Epidemiología De Las Gastroenteritis Agudas Víricas. Aspectos Actuales cubierta enar 9/11/07 10:27 Página 1 6a Monografía de la Sociedad Española de Epidemiología EEPIDEMIOLOGÍAPIDEMIOLOGÍA DE DE LAS LAS GGASTROASTROEENTERITISNTERITIS AAGUDASGUDAS VVÍRICASÍRICAS ASPECTOS ACTUALES Juan B. Bellido Blasco Coordinador portadilla 19/6/07 10:00 Página 1 Epidemiología de las GastroEnteritis Agudas Víricas Aspectos Actuales Juan B. Bellido Blasco Sección de Epidemiología Centro de Salud Pública de Castellón Coordinador Ana M. García Universidad de València Editora portadilla 19/6/07 10:00 Página 2 © Sociedad Española de Epidemiología Edita: EMISA Impresión: Gráficas Enar, S.A. Depósito Legal: M-28329-2007 ISBN: 84-96277-12-7 indice 19/6/07 10:26 Página 3 Índice Prólogo .....................................................................................................13 Juan B. Bellido Blasco. Capítulo 1 Gastroenteritis agudas víricas. 1. Introducción ......................................................................................19 1.1. Rotavirus .....................................................................................19 1.2. Norovirus y sapovirus..................................................................20 1.3. Astrovirus ....................................................................................21 1.4. Adenovirus ..................................................................................21 1.5. Torovirus y coronavirus ...............................................................21 1.6. Otros ...........................................................................................21 2. Contribución de las gastroenteritis víricas en el conjunto de las gastroenteritis.....................................................................................22 3. Características clínicas, diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento............24 3.1. Rotavirus .....................................................................................24 3.2. Norovirus ....................................................................................27 3.3. Astrovirus ....................................................................................29 3.4. Adenovirus ..................................................................................29 3.5. Coronavirus.................................................................................30 3.6. Otros ...........................................................................................30 3.7. Diagnóstico diferencial................................................................30 4. Bibliografía ........................................................................................32 María del Carmen Varela Martínez. Capítulo 2 Características epidemiológicas de las infecciones por virus causantes de gastroenteritis aguda. 1. Introducción ......................................................................................35 2. Rotavirus............................................................................................37 2.1. Reservorio ...................................................................................37 2.2. Mecanismo de transmisión..........................................................38 2.3. Período de incubación ................................................................38 2.4. Período de transmisibilidad .........................................................38 2.5. Capacidad infectiva.....................................................................38 2.6. Susceptibilidad del individuo ......................................................38 2.7. Medidas de prevención y control ................................................39 3 indice 19/6/07 10:26 Página 4 3. Calicivirus (norovirus)........................................................................40 3.1. Reservorio ...................................................................................40 3.2. Mecanismo de transmisión..........................................................40 3.3. Período de incubación ................................................................41 3.4. Período de transmisibilidad .........................................................41 3.5. Capacidad infectiva.....................................................................41 3.6. Susceptibilidad del individuo ......................................................41 3.7. Medidas de prevención y control ................................................41 4. Adenovirus ........................................................................................42 4.1. Reservorio ...................................................................................42 4.2. Mecanismo de transmisión..........................................................43 4.3. Período de incubación ................................................................43 4.4. Período de transmisibilidad .........................................................43 4.5. Capacidad infectiva.....................................................................43 4.6. Susceptibilidad del individuo ......................................................43 4.7. Medidas de prevención y control ................................................43 5. Astrovirus...........................................................................................43 5.1. Reservorio ...................................................................................43 5.2. Mecanismo de transmisión..........................................................44 5.3. Período de incubación ................................................................44 5.4. Período de transmisibilidad .........................................................44 5.5. Capacidad infectiva.....................................................................44 5.6. Susceptibilidad del individuo ......................................................44 5.7. Medidas de prevención y control ................................................44 6. Bibliografía ........................................................................................44 Cristina Rius i Gibert, Helena Pañella Noguera. Capítulo 3 Gastroenteritis víricas: diagnóstico de laboratorio y epidemiología molecular. 1. Principales agentes etiológicos en gastroenteritis víricas....................47 2. Norovirus...........................................................................................47 2.1. Norovirus. Características generales, taxonomía y estructura ......47 2.2. Diagnóstico de Norovirus............................................................48 2.3. Tipado de Norovirus....................................................................53 2.4. Respuesta inmune frente a Norovirus ..........................................53 3. Rotavirus............................................................................................54 3.1. Rotavirus. Características generales, taxonomía y estructura .......54 4 indice 19/6/07 10:26 Página 5 3.2. Diagnóstico de Rotavirus.............................................................54 3.3. Tipado de Rotavirus.....................................................................55 3.4. Respuesta inmune frente a Rotavirus ...........................................56 4. Astrovirus...........................................................................................56 4.1. Astrovirus. Características generales, taxonomía y estructura.......56 4.2. Diagnóstico de Astrovirus............................................................57 4.3. Tipado de Astrovirus....................................................................57 4.4. Respuesta inmune frente a Astrovirus ..........................................57 5. Adenovirus ........................................................................................58 5.1. Adenovirus. Características generales, taxonomía y estructura ....58 5.2. Diagnóstico de Adenovirus..........................................................58 5.3. Tipado de Adenovirus..................................................................58 5.4. Respuesta inmune frente a Adenovirus ........................................59 6. Estudio de virus causantes de diarrea en muestras ambientales .........59 6.1. Detección de virus causantes de diarrea en muestras de agua ....60 6.2. Detección de virus causantes de diarrea en muestras de alimentos.....................................................................................61 7. Bibliografía ........................................................................................63 Juan Carlos Sanz Moreno, Alicia Sánchez Fauquier. Capítulo 4 Vigilancia epidemiológica de las gastroenteritis agudas víricas. 1. Elementos para justificar la necesidad de vigilancia epidemiológica......65 2. Vigilancia epidemiológica de casos ...................................................57 3. Vigilancia epidemiológica de brotes ..................................................69 4. Conclusiones .....................................................................................76 5. Bibliografía ........................................................................................77 Gloria Hernández Pezzi, María del Carmen Varela Martínez Capítulo 5 Epidemiología de las infecciones por rotavirus. Hospitalizaciones, casos comunitarios e infección nosocomial. 1. Introducción ......................................................................................79 1.1. Carga global de la enfermedad por rotavirus ...............................80 1.2. Patrón epidemiológico según países............................................82
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