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View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of New Orleans University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses 5-18-2007 Race & Crime on the Evening News: New Orleans in the Days after Hurricane Katrina Kristin Ashby Schwartz University of New Orleans Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Recommended Citation Schwartz, Kristin Ashby, "Race & Crime on the Evening News: New Orleans in the Days after Hurricane Katrina" (2007). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 520. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/520 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights- holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Race & Crime on the Evening News: New Orleans in the Days after Hurricane Katrina A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology By Kristin Ashby Schwartz B.A. Stetson University, 2004 May 2007 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would to acknowledge my committee members Dr. Luft, Dr. Baxter and Dr. Jenkins and all of my fellow friends and classmates in the sociology department at the University of New Orleans. It is these inspiring individuals who truly made my experience at UNO a challenging, enriching and special one. I also want to thank my husband and entire family for all their love and encouragement of my educational endeavors. It is their support that has truly helped me to get to this point. My first semester of graduate school coincided with hurricane Katrina and it was support I received from my family which kept me sane and focused despite the often difficult post-Katrina commute over the lake and all the depressing changes to the area. Thank you so much to everyone for giving me the special opportunity to study that which interests and engages me. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... v Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... vi Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Theory .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................... 19 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................ 39 Mixed Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative ............................................................................... 40 Data ................................................................................................................................................ 44 Research Strategy ........................................................................................................................... 53 Results and Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 60 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 94 References .................................................................................................................................... 101 Appendix 1 ................................................................................................................................... 106 Appendix 2 ................................................................................................................................... 110 Vita ............................................................................................................................................... 121 iii LIST OF FIGURES Graph 1: Coverage Shift: Perpetrators of Violent & Non-Violent Crime ...................................... 64 Graph 2: Program Differences: Perpetrators of Violent & Non-Violent Crime ............................ 65 Graph 3: Coverage Shift: Crime, Violent Crime & Violent Crime aimed at Rescuers/Officials .. 69 Graph 4: Program Differences: Crime, Violent Crime & Violent Crime aimed at Rescuers/Officials ....................................................................................................................................................... 70 Graph 5: Coverage Shift: Deserving and Non-Deserving Looting ................................................ 73 Graph 6: Program Differences: Deserving and Non-Deserving Looting ....................................... 74 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Population of Transcripts ................................................................................................. 45 Table 2: Population of Evening News Programs ........................................................................... 51 Table 3: Perpetrators of Violent & Non-Violent Crime ................................................................. 62 Table 4: Crime, Violent Crime & Violent Crime aimed at Rescuers/Officials ............................. 67 Table 5: Non-Deserving Looting & Deserving Looting ................................................................ 71 Table 6: Audio-Visual Footage, Type of Criminal ........................................................................ 90 Table 7: Description of Audio-Visual Footage .............................................................................. 92 v ABSTRACT This study examines how residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were depicted on a variety of evening news programs in the days after hurricane Katrina. A qualitative content analysis of television news transcripts and select audio-visual footage reveals how the media framed crime, the perpetrators of crime and “looting.” Media perpetuation of myths such as residents shooting at helicopters and the focus on “looting” and crime had on initial rescue and recovery efforts are also discussed. Results illustrate that the focus on crime, criminals, and looting was more pronounced in cable than network news. Looting was framed as a criminal endeavor and residents were labeled as criminals without evidence. Violent crime was the most frequently-referred to type of crime. The media as a constructor of moral panics, colorblind racism in the form of a coded racist script, and cultural fear of crime support these results. vi INTRODUCTION In this paper I examine the ways in which New Orleans residents who experienced what has been referred to as the “greatest disaster in United States history,” were represented by the media. On the morning of August the 29th of 2005, hurricane Katrina made second landfall near the Mississippi/Louisiana border, east of New Orleans, Louisiana. The resulting storm surge breached the city’s levees in multiple areas, eventually filling 80 percent of the city and surrounding areas with floodwaters. Both before the storm hit the area and after the storm hit the area, thousands of residents made their way to the Superdome, which was to be used as a shelter of “last resort.” As floodwaters continued to rise, residents remaining in the city were in need of rescue, shelter, food, water, and medical supplies. Lacking basic necessities, amidst filthy and stagnant floodwaters, conditions in the city began to rapidly deteriorate. The media played a major role in how these events were depicted over the eight days immediately after the storm and in the months to follow. In this study I describe, analyze, and interpret how crime was framed by the media in the immediate aftermath of hurricane Katrina. I also discuss how the media depictions affected initial aid and recovery efforts. Significance of Study Most importantly, this study sheds light on the content of the media representations of New Orleans in the days after hurricane Katrina and the ways in which these reports may have affected the aid that residents received. However, there are also cultural implications of the post-hurricane Katrina media representations; the extensive Katrina-related mélange of television images contributes to our larger understandings of race, crime, social groups and essentially, our social world. Also, on a practical or applied level, this study is significant for rescue workers, policy-makers, purveyors of mass media, and the television-viewing public. The media disseminated important and time-sensitive information to the public regarding the disaster. Also,