A Particle Tracking Model to Analyze Transport in Ocean
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Sassen-2015-Expulsion-Brutality-And
EXPULSIONS EXPULSIONS Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy Saskia Sassen THE BELKNAP PRESS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2014 To Richard Copyright © 2014 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Sassen, Saskia. Expulsions : brutality and complexity in the global economy / Saskia Sassen. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 59922- 2 (alk. paper) 1. Economics— Sociological aspects. 2. Economic development— Social aspects. 3. Economic development— Moral and ethical aspects. 4. Capitalism— Social aspects. 5. Equality— Economic aspects. I. Title. HM548.S275 2014 330—dc23 2013040726 Contents Introduction: The Savage Sorting 1 1. Shrinking Economies, Growing Expulsions 12 2. The New Global Market for Land 80 3. Finance and Its Capabilities: Crisis as Systemic Logic 117 4. Dead Land, Dead Water 149 Conclusion: At the Systemic Edge 211 References 225 Notes 269 Acknowledgments 283 Index 285 Introduction The Savage Sorting We are confronting a formidable problem in our global politi cal economy: the emergence of new logics of expulsion. The past two de cades have seen a sharp growth in the number of people, enter- prises, and places expelled from the core social and economic orders of our time. This tipping into radical expulsion was enabled by ele- mentary decisions in some cases, but in others by some of our most advanced economic and technical achievements. The notion of ex- pulsions takes us beyond the more familiar idea of growing in e- qual ity as a way of capturing the pathologies of today’s global capi- talism. -
Information Sheet
32nd Annual Conference of the South African Society for Atmospheric Sciences 31 October-1 November Hosts: Climate System Analysis Group (University of Cape Town) Lagoon Beach Hotel in Milnerton, Cape Town. ABSTRACT BOOK Sponsor: i PREFACE The 32nd annual conference of South African Society for Atmospheric Sciences is being hosted in Cape Town, by the Climate System Analysis Group at UCT. The theme for the conference is “Innovation for Information”. It is always a challenging task to know how to translate scientific research/data into useful information. The major aim of the conference is to question, discuss and understand how we traditionally translate research into action and how we could possibly improve on that. We look forward to some interesting and exciting presentations as well as some invigorating discussion after each session. The continuing practice of asking for extended abstracts was very successful this year with over 30 abstract submitted for review and the proceedings of the conference will be published with an ISBN number. The review process was ably led by Prof Willem Landman and our thanks to him and his hard-working reviewers. The conference proceedings will be available for download from the SASAS and SASAS 2016 web-pages. There are also over 30 posters on display and we ask that you engage with them and their authors. Rather spend your tea times there, and catch up with friends and colleagues over meals! On behalf of the SASAS 2016 organising committee, we would like to thank everyone who enthusiastically contributed to the preparation and success of the 32nd Annual SASAS conference. -
THE Environment Management पर्यावरणो रक्षति रतक्षिय賈 a Quarterly E- Magazine on Environment and Sustainabledevelopment (For Private Circulation Only)
THE Environment Management पर्यावरणो रक्षति रतक्षिय賈 A Quarterly E- Magazine on Environment and SustainableDevelopment (for private circulation only) Vol.: IV April - June 2018 Issue: 2 Current Issue: Beat Plastic Pollution Beat Plastic Pollution If you can’t reuse it, refuse it CONTENTS From Director’s Desk Beat the plastic pollution…………2 T. K. Bandopadhyay Cement kiln co-processing facilitates sustainable management We are happy to release current issue of our institute’s newsletter on the theme, ‘Beat of MSW………………………….5 Plastic Pollution’ on World Environment Day. In last five decades plastic has made in Ulhas Parlikar road in our day to day life. From medical devices, electronic gadgets to a bag, its application is everywhere because it is cheap, light weight and can be molded in any Plastics- the modern menace to form. Since 1957, India’s plastic production capacity has increased manifold with over oceans……………………………8 30,000 plastic processing industries that contribute to 0.5% of the GDP and provide C. Maheshwar employment to about 0.4 million people. Despite of its importance, the degradation of plastic is a challenge and its careless disposal is leading to pollution in water bodies, The health risks of plastic and Safe land as well as causing deadly diseases viz. cancer due leaching of chemicals in food Plastic use practices…………… 13 products from plastic containers or allergies due to inhalation of fumes coming out Hari Prakash Srivastava from the open burning of plastic material. At this juncture it is imperative to identify sustainable practices for the management of Biodegradation of plastic……….15 plastic waste. -
Habs in UPWELLING SYSTEMS
GEOHAB CORE RESEARCH PROJECT: HABs IN UPWELLING SYSTEMS 1 GEOHAB GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS GEOHAB CORE RESEARCH PROJECT: HABS IN UPWELLING SYSTEMS AN INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME SPONSORED BY THE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON OCEANIC RESEARCH (SCOR) AND THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (IOC) OF UNESCO EDITED BY: G. PITCHER, T. MOITA, V. TRAINER, R. KUDELA, P. FIGUEIRAS, T. PROBYN BASED ON CONTRIBUTIONS BY PARTICIPANTS OF THE GEOHAB OPEN SCIENCE MEETING ON HABS IN UPWELLING SYSTEMS AND THE GEOHAB SCIENTIFIC STEERING COMMITTEE February 2005 3 This report may be cited as: GEOHAB 2005. Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, GEOHAB Core Research Project: HABs in Upwelling Systems. G. Pitcher, T. Moita, V. Trainer, R. Kudela, P. Figueiras, T. Probyn (Eds.) IOC and SCOR, Paris and Baltimore. 82 pp. This document is GEOHAB Report #3. Copies may be obtained from: Edward R. Urban, Jr. Henrik Enevoldsen Executive Director, SCOR Programme Co-ordinator Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences IOC Science and Communication Centre on The Johns Hopkins University Harmful Algae Baltimore, MD 21218 U.S.A. Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen Tel: +1-410-516-4070 Øster Farimagsgade 2D Fax: +1-410-516-4019 DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +45 33 13 44 46 Fax: +45 33 13 44 47 E-mail: [email protected] This report is also available on the web at: http://www.jhu.edu/scor/ http://ioc.unesco.org/hab ISSN 1538-182X Cover photos courtesy of: Vera Trainer Teresa Moita Grant Pitcher Copyright © 2005 IOC and SCOR. -
IBI-ROOS Plan: Iberia Biscay Ireland Regional Operational Oceanographic System 2006–2010
IBI-ROOS Plan: Iberia Biscay Ireland Regional Operational Oceanographic System 2006–2010 The EuroGOOS Iberia Biscay Ireland Task Team: Co-chairs Sylvie Pouliquen1 and Alicia Lavín2 1. IFREMER, Brest, France 2. IEO, Santander, Spain EuroGOOS Personnel Secretariat Hans Dahlin (Director) EuroGOOS Office, SMHI, Sweden Patrick Gorringe (Project Manager) EuroGOOS Office, SMHI, Sweden Siân Petersson (Office Manager) EuroGOOS Office, SMHI, Sweden Chair Peter Ryder Board Sylvie Pouliquen Ifremer, France Enrique Alvarez Fanjul Puertos del Estado, Spain Kostas Nittis HCMR, Greece Bertil Håkansson SMHI, Sweden Jan H Stel NWO, Netherlands Martin Holt Met Office, UK Glenn Nolan Marine Institute, Ireland Klaus-Peter Kolterman IOC UNESCO Task Team Chairs Stein Sandven Arctic Task Team Erik Buch Baltic Task Team/BOOS Sylvie Pouliquen/Alicia Lavín Iberia Biscay Ireland Task Team/IBI-ROOS Nadia Pinardi Mediterranean Task Team/MOON Martin Holt North West Shelf Task Team/NOOS EuroGOOS Publications 1. Strategy for EuroGOOS 1996 ISBN 0-904175-22-7 2. EuroGOOS Annual Report 1996 ISBN 0-904175-25-1 3. The EuroGOOS Plan 1997 ISBN 0-904175-26-X 4. The EuroGOOS Marine Technology Survey ISBN 0-904175-29-4 5. The EuroGOOS Brochure 1997 6. The Science Base of EuroGOOS ISBN 0-904175-30-8 7. Proceedings of the Hague Conference, 1997, Elsevier ISBN 0-444-82892-3 8. The EuroGOOS Extended Plan ISBN 0-904175-32-4 9. The EuroGOOS Atlantic Workshop Report ISBN 0-904175-33-2 10. EuroGOOS Annual Report 1997 ISBN 0-904175-34-0 11. Mediterranean Forecasting System Report ISBN 0-904175-35-9 12. Requirements Survey Analysis ISBN 0-904175-36-7 13. -
A 60-Year Time Series Analyses of the Upwelling Along the Portuguese Coast
water Article A 60-Year Time Series Analyses of the Upwelling along the Portuguese Coast Francisco Leitão 1,* ,Vânia Baptista 1 , Vasco Vieira 2 , Patrícia Laginha Silva 1, Paulo Relvas 1 and Maria Alexandra Teodósio 1 1 Campus de Gambelas, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; [email protected] (V.B.); [email protected] (P.L.S.); [email protected] (P.R.); [email protected] (M.A.T.) 2 MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: fl[email protected]; Tel.: +351-289-800-900 (ext. 7407) Received: 24 March 2019; Accepted: 12 June 2019; Published: 20 June 2019 Abstract: Coastal upwelling has a significant local impact on marine coastal environment and on marine biology, namely fisheries. This study aims to evaluate climate and environmental changes in upwelling trends between 1950 and 2010. Annual, seasonal and monthly upwelling trends were studied in three different oceanographic areas of the Portuguese coast (northwestern—NW, southwestern—SW, and south—S). Two sea surface temperature datasets, remote sensing (RS: 1985–2009) and International Comprehensive Ocean—Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS: 1950–2010), were used to estimate an upwelling index (UPWI) based on the difference between offshore and coastal sea surface temperature. Time series analyses reveal similar yearly and monthly trends between datasets A decrease of the UPWI was observed, extending longer than 20 years in the NW (1956–1979) and SW (1956–1994), and 30 years in the S (1956–1994). Analyses of sudden shifts reveal long term weakening and intensification periods of up to 30 years. -
Major Ocean Currents May Shape the Microbiome of the Topshell Phorcus
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Major ocean currents may shape the microbiome of the topshell Phorcus sauciatus in the NE Atlantic Ocean Ricardo Sousa1,2,3, Joana Vasconcelos3,4,5, Iván Vera‑Escalona5, João Delgado2,6, Mafalda Freitas1,2,3, José A. González7 & Rodrigo Riera5,8* Studies on microbial communities are pivotal to understand the role and the evolutionary paths of the host and their associated microorganisms in the ecosystems. Meta‑genomics techniques have proven to be one of the most efective tools in the identifcation of endosymbiotic communities of host species. The microbiome of the highly exploited topshell Phorcus sauciatus was characterized in the Northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Madeira, Selvagens, Canaries and Azores). Alpha diversity analysis based on observed OTUs showed signifcant diferences among regions. The Principal Coordinates Analysis of beta‑diversity based on presence/absence showed three well diferentiated groups, one from Azores, a second from Madeira and the third one for mainland Portugal, Selvagens and the Canaries. The microbiome results may be mainly explained by large‑scale oceanographic processes of the study region, i.e., the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, and specifcally by the Canary Current. Our results suggest the feasibility of microbiome as a model study to unravel biogeographic and evolutionary processes in marine species with high dispersive potential. During the last decades we have observed an increase in the number of studies trying to elucidate the role of spe- cies and the environment where they live due to research expeditions and the use of several modern techniques to identify species, including genetic-based techniques 1. Early studies based on genetics focused on the description of species and populations but soon afer the frst results, it was evident that genetic-based studies could also be used to identify and describe major biogeographic patterns as well as to create the pathway to evaluate new hypotheses and ecological questions 2–4. -
Governing a Continent of Trash: the Global Politics of Oceanic Pollution
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Honors Scholar Theses Honors Scholar Program Spring 5-1-2020 Governing a Continent of Trash: The Global Politics of Oceanic Pollution Anne Longo [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the Environmental Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Longo, Anne, "Governing a Continent of Trash: The Global Politics of Oceanic Pollution" (2020). Honors Scholar Theses. 704. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses/704 Anne Cathrine Longo Honors Thesis in Political Science Dr. Mark A. Boyer Dr. Matthew M. Singer May 1, 2020 Governing a Continent of Trash: The Global Politics of Oceanic Pollution Convenience is King and Plastic is the King of Convenience: So, Who is the King of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch? Abstract There is a new continent growing in the North Pacific Ocean known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The Patch is composed of a vast array of marine pollution, discarded single-use items, and mostly microplastics. This thesis explores how and why governments and other entities do or do not deal with the growing problem of ocean pollution. Sovereignty roadblocks and balance of power prove to be obstacles for such efforts. This thesis then attempts to create the ideal model of governance for ocean plastics using the policy-making process. The policy analysis reviews bilateral, multilateral, and non-governmental solutions for the removal of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and subsequent maintenance efforts. Following the analysis of these three policies, this thesis concludes that a combination of factors from each solution is likely the best course of action. -
Lecture 4: OCEANS (Outline)
LectureLecture 44 :: OCEANSOCEANS (Outline)(Outline) Basic Structures and Dynamics Ekman transport Geostrophic currents Surface Ocean Circulation Subtropicl gyre Boundary current Deep Ocean Circulation Thermohaline conveyor belt ESS200A Prof. Jin -Yi Yu BasicBasic OceanOcean StructuresStructures Warm up by sunlight! Upper Ocean (~100 m) Shallow, warm upper layer where light is abundant and where most marine life can be found. Deep Ocean Cold, dark, deep ocean where plenty supplies of nutrients and carbon exist. ESS200A No sunlight! Prof. Jin -Yi Yu BasicBasic OceanOcean CurrentCurrent SystemsSystems Upper Ocean surface circulation Deep Ocean deep ocean circulation ESS200A (from “Is The Temperature Rising?”) Prof. Jin -Yi Yu TheThe StateState ofof OceansOceans Temperature warm on the upper ocean, cold in the deeper ocean. Salinity variations determined by evaporation, precipitation, sea-ice formation and melt, and river runoff. Density small in the upper ocean, large in the deeper ocean. ESS200A Prof. Jin -Yi Yu PotentialPotential TemperatureTemperature Potential temperature is very close to temperature in the ocean. The average temperature of the world ocean is about 3.6°C. ESS200A (from Global Physical Climatology ) Prof. Jin -Yi Yu SalinitySalinity E < P Sea-ice formation and melting E > P Salinity is the mass of dissolved salts in a kilogram of seawater. Unit: ‰ (part per thousand; per mil). The average salinity of the world ocean is 34.7‰. Four major factors that affect salinity: evaporation, precipitation, inflow of river water, and sea-ice formation and melting. (from Global Physical Climatology ) ESS200A Prof. Jin -Yi Yu Low density due to absorption of solar energy near the surface. DensityDensity Seawater is almost incompressible, so the density of seawater is always very close to 1000 kg/m 3. -
Quantifying Thermohaline Circulations: Seawater Isotopic Compositions And
Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2017-58 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 28 July 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Quantifying thermohaline circulations: seawater isotopic compositions 2 and salinity as proxies of the ratio between advection time and 3 evaporation time 4 5 6 Hadar Berman, Nathan Paldor* and Boaz Lazar 7 8 The Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences 9 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 *Corresponding author, Email address: [email protected] 0 Ocean Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/os-2017-58 Manuscript under review for journal Ocean Sci. Discussion started: 28 July 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. 23 Abstract 24 Uncertainties in quantitative estimates of the thermohaline circulation in any particular basin 25 are large, partly due to large uncertainties in quantifying excess evaporation over precipitation q x 26 and surface velocities. A single nondimensional parameter, is proposed to h u 27 characterize the “strength” of the thermohaline circulation by combining the physical 28 parameters of surface velocity (u), evaporation rate (q), mixed layer depth (h) and trajectory 29 length (x). Values of can be estimated directly from cross-sections of salinity or seawater 30 isotopic composition (18O and D). Estimates of in the Red Sea and the South-West Indian 31 Ocean are 0.1 and 0.02, respectively, which implies that the thermohaline contribution to the 32 circulation in the former is higher than in the latter. -
Modelling, Forecasting and Scenarios in Comparable Upwelling Ecosystems: California, Canary and Humboldt
Large Marine Ecosystems, Vol. 14 V. Shannon, G. Hempel, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, C. Moloney and J. Woods (Editors) © 2006 Elsevier B.V./Ltd. All rights reserved. 9 Modelling, Forecasting and Scenarios in Comparable Upwelling Ecosystems: California, Canary and Humboldt Pierre Fréon, Jürgen Alheit, Eric D. Barton, Souad Kifani, Patrick Marchesiello ABSTRACT The three eastern boundary ecosystems comparable to the Benguela ecosystem (BCE) display differences and commonalities. The California (CalCE) and Humboldt Current (HCE) ecosystems are continuous topographically, whereas the Canary Current ecosystem (CanCE) is interrupted by the Gulf of Cadiz and the Canaries archipelago. All have similar regimes of equatorward flow over shelf and slope associated with upwelling and a subsurface poleward flow over the slope, though in the HCE multiple flows and counter-flows appear offshore. All systems exhibit year round upwelling in their centre and seasonal upwelling at their extremes as the trade wind systems that drive them migrate north and south, though the HCE is strongly skewed toward the equator. All systems vary on scales from the event or synoptic scale of a few days, through seasonal, to inter-decadal and long term. Productivity of each system follows the upwelling cycle, though intra-regional variations in nutrient content and forcing cause significant variability within regions. The CanCE is relatively unproductive compared to the CalCE and HCE as a result of differences in large scale circulation between the Pacific and Atlantic. The latter two systems are dominated by El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability on a scale of 4-7 years. Physical modeling with the Princeton Ocean Model and the Regional Oceanic Modeling System has advanced recently to the stage of reproducing realistic mesoscale features and energy levels with climatic wind forcing. -
Ocean-Gyre-4.Pdf
This website would like to remind you: Your browser (Apple Safari 4) is out of date. Update your browser for more × security, comfort and the best experience on this site. Encyclopedic Entry ocean gyre For the complete encyclopedic entry with media resources, visit: http://education.nationalgeographic.com/encyclopedia/ocean-gyre/ An ocean gyre is a large system of circular ocean currents formed by global wind patterns and forces created by Earth’s rotation. The movement of the world’s major ocean gyres helps drive the “ocean conveyor belt.” The ocean conveyor belt circulates ocean water around the entire planet. Also known as thermohaline circulation, the ocean conveyor belt is essential for regulating temperature, salinity and nutrient flow throughout the ocean. How a Gyre Forms Three forces cause the circulation of a gyre: global wind patterns, Earth’s rotation, and Earth’s landmasses. Wind drags on the ocean surface, causing water to move in the direction the wind is blowing. The Earth’s rotation deflects, or changes the direction of, these wind-driven currents. This deflection is a part of the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect shifts surface currents by angles of about 45 degrees. In the Northern Hemisphere, ocean currents are deflected to the right, in a clockwise motion. In the Southern Hemisphere, ocean currents are pushed to the left, in a counterclockwise motion. Beneath surface currents of the gyre, the Coriolis effect results in what is called an Ekman spiral. While surface currents are deflected by about 45 degrees, each deeper layer in the water column is deflected slightly less.