Fish Migration in Mediterranean Rivers: a Case Study of the Fish Pass Assessment in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula)

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Fish Migration in Mediterranean Rivers: a Case Study of the Fish Pass Assessment in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula) Nom/Logotip de la Universitat on s’ha llegit la tesi Fish migration in Mediterranean rivers: a case study of the fish pass assessment in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula) Marc Ordeix Rigo http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396363 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. 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No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. Títol de la tesi doctoral / PhD thesis title: Fish migration in Mediterranean rivers: a case study of the fish pass assessment in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula) ..... Les migracions dels peixos als rius mediterranis: estudi de cas de l’avaluació dels dispositius de pas per a peixos de Catalunya (NE de la Península ibèrica) Doctorant / Doctoral student: Marc Ordeix i Rigo [email protected] Director: Dr. Frederic Casals i Martí [email protected] Programa de Doctorat / PhD programme: Gestió Forestal i del Medi Natural (RD 99/2011) Coordinador / Coordinator: Dr. Delfí Sanuy i Castells [email protected] Línia de Recerca / Research line: Fauna Responsable de la Línia de Recerca / Head of the research line: Dr. Frederic Casals i Martí Maig de 2016 / May 2016 2 “The ichthyomania (...) shows, as the most obvious symptom, a total incapacity to cross a bridge without looking into the water...”. “La ictiomania (...) mostra, com el símptoma més evident, una incapacitat total de creuar un pont sense fer un cop d’ull a l’aigua...”. (Maurice Kottelat & Jörg Freyhof, 2007) “Eppur si mouve!” “And yet it moves!” “I no obstant això, es mou!” (Galileo Galilei, 1633) Signat / Signed: Frederic Casals i Martí Marc Ordeix i Rigo Director Doctorant / Doctoral student 3 4 Index 1. Resum / Resumen / Abstract .............................................................................................. 7 Resum ................................................................................................................................ 7 Resumen ............................................................................................................................ 8 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 9 2. General introduction ........................................................................................................ 11 2.1. Ecological connectivity in freshwater systems ............................................................ 11 2.2. Solutions to improve freshwater fish migration .......................................................... 17 3. General objectives ............................................................................................................ 22 4. Methods ........................................................................................................................... 23 4.1. General data collection .............................................................................................. 25 ICF index ....................................................................................................................... 25 4.2. Fish pass effectiveness in situ estimation techniques ................................................. 31 Indirect estimation techniques ..................................................................................... 32 Direct estimation techniques ........................................................................................ 36 5. When and why do Iberian freshwater fish migrate? .......................................................... 40 5.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 40 5.2. Methods .................................................................................................................... 51 Study area .................................................................................................................... 51 Data collection .............................................................................................................. 53 5.3. Results ....................................................................................................................... 55 When............................................................................................................................ 57 Why .............................................................................................................................. 60 5.4. Discussion .................................................................................................................. 67 When............................................................................................................................ 68 Why .............................................................................................................................. 70 5.5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 82 6. Fish pass assessments in Catalonia ................................................................................... 95 6.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 95 6.2. Methods .................................................................................................................... 95 6.3. Results ....................................................................................................................... 98 River obstacles .............................................................................................................. 98 Fish passes .................................................................................................................. 102 Characterisation and rapid assessment of fish passes ................................................. 108 5 “In situ” assessment of 10 fish passes ......................................................................... 121 6.4. Discussion ................................................................................................................ 169 Proposals to improve river connectivity for fish in Catalonia ....................................... 172 6.5. Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 176 7. Fish migration and fish ramp assessment at a gauging station on the Fluvià river at Olot (NE Catalonia) ........................................................................................................................... 179 7.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 179 7.2. Methods .................................................................................................................. 180 Study area .................................................................................................................. 180 General data
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