The Analysis of Complex Adaptive Systems Method SBCANAL
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Cover ‘r The Analysis of Complex Adaptive Systems Method SBCANAL Second edition Luís Soares Barreto Costa dede Caparica Caparica 2019201X 2 © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS CAS CAS Without text © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS 3 CAS CAS The Analysis of Complex Adaptie Systems Method SBCANAL Second edition 4 © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS The Analysis of CAS The Analysis of CAS Without text © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS 5 The Analysis of CAS The Analysis of Complex Adaptie Systems Method SBCANAL Second edition Luís Soares Barreto Jubilee Professor of Forestry University of Lisbon Portugal 6 © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS © Luís Soares Barreto, 2018, 2019 © Luís Soares Barreto, 2018, 2019 The Analysis of Complex Adaptie Systems. Method SBCANAL Second editon E-book published by the author htp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1 5100 Prof. Doutor Luís Soares Barreto Av. do Movimento das Forças Armadas, 41 – 3D 2825-372 Costa de Caparica Portugal This e-book is free ware but neither public domain nor open to changes. It can be copied and freely disseminated only in its to- tality, with respect for the authorship rights. It can not be sold. With compliments © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS 7 Dedicaton Dedicaton To Sandra Isabel, and Luísa Maria I am grateful to those who contribute to the existence of ClickCharts, LibreOfce, Maxima, R, Scilab e wxMaxima 8 © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS CAS CAS © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS 9 The author The author Luís Soares Barreto was borne in 1935, in Chinde, a small village in the delta of the Zambezi River, in Mozambique. In this African country, from 1962 tll 1974, he did research in forestry, and he was also member of the faculty of the Universidade de Lourenço Marques (actual Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo), where he started the teach- ing of Forestry. While member of this university, from 1967 to 1970, he was a graduate student at Duke Univer- sity, Durham, NC, U.S.A.. From this university, he re- ceived his Master of Forestry in Forest Ecology (1968), and his Ph. D. in Operatons Research applied to Forestry (1970). Since 1975 tll March, 2005, he taught at the Insttuto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lis- boa. From 1975 to 1982, simultaneously, he taught in the Department of Environmental Sciences of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Here, in 1977, he conceived, and created a new Fve years degree in environmental engineering. He is the only Portuguese who established a scientFc theory. Besides the ecological theory presented in this book, he proposed also a uniFed theory for forest stands of any kind and ecologically sound management practces grounded on it. The later theory is a partcular case of the former one. Actually, the author is jubilee professor of the Univer- sity of Lisbon. 10 © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS Other books by the author: Other books by the author: Madeiras Ultramarinas. Insttuto de Investgação CientFca de Moçambique, Lourenço Marques, 1963. A Produtiidade Primária Líquida da Terra. Secretaria de Estado do Ambiente, Lisboa, 1977. O Ambiente e a Economia. Secretaria de Estado do Ambiente, Lisboa, 1977. Um Noio Método para a Elaboração de Tabelas de Produção. Aplicação ao Pinhal. Serviço Nacional de Parques, Reservas e Conservação da Natureza, Lisboa 1987. A Floresta. Estrutura e Funcionamento. Serviço Nacional de Parques, Reservas e Conservação da Natureza, Lisboa, 1988. Alto Fuste Regular. Instrumentos para a sua Gestão. Publicações Ciência e Vida, Lda., Lisboa, 1994. Étca Ambiental. Uma Anotação Introdutória. Publicações Ciência e Vida, Lda., Lisboa, 1994. Poioamentos Jardinados. Instrumentos para a sua Gestão. Publicações Ciência e Vida, Lda., Lisboa, 1995. Pinhais Mansos. Ecologia e Gestão. Estação Florestal Nacional, Lisboa, 2000. Pinhais Braios. Ecologia e Gestão. E-book, Lisbon, 2005. htp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14258 Theoretcal Ecology. A Unifed Approach. E-book, Lisbon, 2005. Iniciação ao Scilab. E-book, Lisbon, 2008 Áriores e Arioredos. Geometria e Dinâmica. E-book, Costa de Caparica, 2010. htp:// hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14229 From Trees to Forests. A Unifed Theory. E-book, Costa de Caparica, 2011. htp://hdl.handle.net/ 10400.5/14230 Iniciação ao Scilab. Second editon. E-book, Costa de Caparica, 2011. htp://hdl.handle.net/ 10400.5/14259 Ecologia Teórica. Uma Outra Explanação. I - Populações Isoladas. E-book, Costa de Caparica, 2013. htp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14231 Ecologia Teórica. Uma Outra Explanação. II - Interações entre Populações. E-book, Costa de Capa- rica, 2014. htp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14231 Ecologia Teórica. Uma Outra Explanação. III – Comunidade e Ecossistema. E-book, Costa de Capa- rica, 2016. htp://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/142 31 Theoretcal Ecology. A Unifed Approach. Second editon. E-book, Costa de Caparica, 2017. htp:// hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14 1 75 © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS 11 Contents Contents Sumário Cover..............................................................................................................................................1 CAS..................................................................................................................................................2 CAS..................................................................................................................................................3 The Analysis of................................................................................................................................3 The Analysis of CAS........................................................................................................................4 The Analysis of................................................................................................................................5 © Luís Soares Barreto, 2018, 2019.................................................................................................6 The Analysis of Complex Adaptve Systems. Method SBCANAL....................................................6 Dedicaton......................................................................................................................................7 CAS..................................................................................................................................................8 The author......................................................................................................................................9 Other books by the author:..........................................................................................................10 Contents.......................................................................................................................................11 A Note on the Second Editon......................................................................................................13 1. Introducton..............................................................................................................................15 1.1. The Scope of this Book......................................................................................................15 1.2. A Sketch of the Explanatory Strategy................................................................................15 1.3. The Book............................................................................................................................17 1.4. References.........................................................................................................................17 2. A System of Omnivory..............................................................................................................19 2.1 Direct, Indirect, and Total Efects.......................................................................................19 2.2 The Matrix of Total Efects..................................................................................................21 2.3 A Model for Omnivory........................................................................................................23 2.4 References..........................................................................................................................31 3 SBCANAL: A Procedure to Analyse CAS.....................................................................................33 3.1 Introducton........................................................................................................................33 3.2 The Procedure....................................................................................................................33 3.3 References..........................................................................................................................34 4 Identficaton of Keystone Species, and Controlling Components in the Ecosystem..................37 4.1 Introducton........................................................................................................................37 4.2 The Simulated Ecosystem...................................................................................................37 12 © L. S. Barreto, 2018. The Analysis of CAS Contents 4.3 The Identfcaton of Keystone Species..............................................................................40 4.4 The Identfcaton of Controlling Components in Ecosystems............................................43 4.5 Conclusive Remarks............................................................................................................44