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Native Wildflowers and Bees of Western Montana the Beauty of Wildflowers

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Native Wildflowers and Bees of Western Montana the Beauty of Wildflowers Native Wildflowers and Bees of Western Montana The Beauty of Wildflowers Many of us enjoy the beauty Cross seCtion of a flower of wildflowers, but we may not from the aster family ray know their names or how to disk flower identify them. flower This basic guide will help you identify sixteen pairs of common native wildflowers and bees of western Montana that provide vital pollination services. For this guide, a bee is paired with a flower it is most likely to visit, but it may visit other PETALS flower types as well. From early spring through the fall, look for these wildflowers and bees as you walk along forest and grassland trails. united separate Please do not pick wildflowers; leave them where you find them for others to enjoy. PARTS of a FLOWER stigma pistil style anther stamen ovary filament petal sepal 2 What is Pollination? Pollination is the process of nestinG lifestyles moving pollen from one flower to egg Bees can be organized another of the same species, which honey into two groups produces fertile seeds. Most based on their nesting flowering plants depend on native lifestyle – social and bees for pollination. Bees and solitary. other animals pollinate one-third Social nesting bees, of the food we eat – all kinds of larva social nest like bumble bees, fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts (bumble bee) build communal nests and beans. And they provide us and share division with landscapes filled with of labor including foraging and rearing wonderful wildflowers. of young. They are each Bees are by far the most effective the only native bees cell that nest socially in a pollinators because they feed only contains colony. on flowers. Flowers attract and an egg reward bees for their pollination Solitary nesting bees nest alone, but some service with sugar-rich nectar to species share nest fuel their flight and protein-rich solitary nest entrances or nest in pollen, or bee bread, to feed their (leafcutter bee) groups. young brood. Parts of a bee identifiCation tiPs Side view oF A digger Bee How do I know it's a bee and not a fly or a wasp? head thorax abdomen fly forewing flies hover, 2 wings bees don᾽t hindwing (bees have 4) abdominal antenna wasp segments very All male bees little often simple have 7 abdominal hair has a pinched eyes segments, females does not have 6 segments carry pollen abdomen compound a Common non-native eye The European honey bee is very mouth Pollen grains stick to common in western parts branched hairs, which Montana – but not helps distinguish bees a native to North from wasps. America. 3 Blanketflower 6-16 separate, lobed ray Gaillardia aristata flowers* Blanketflower, with its long-lasting multi-colored many yellow flower heads of yellow, daisy-like flowers with deep reddish purple, red and orange, centers grows in clumps. it can disk flowers* are covered be found in dry, open with wooly grasslands and mountain hairs slopes. long hairs on stem and leaves leaves are long, lance-shaped, basal, and alternate, with toothed upper leaves family Aster AceAe Blooms: June-August Size: up to 20" tall * see page 2 Long-horned Bee Melissodes spp. These bees get their males have very long name from the very long antennae antennae found on males. Long-horned bees are important pollinators of sunflowers, blanketflowers, and other asters. robust and hairy body bands of females store pollen on hairs on rear legs FAMiLY APid Ae pale hair Nest: Solitary (ground) Size: 0.3-0.7" long approximate size 4 Clarkia about Clarkia pulchella 1" across clarkia, named in 1806 by Meriwether Lewis for Lewis and petals have elkhorn-shaped 3 lobes clark expedition petals partner william clark, occurs at low elevations, in valleys and on dry mountain slopes. white stigma clarkia is also that mimics a flower known as “elkhorns” and “ragged robin.” 4 separate petals are deep rose to lavender buds hang down then turn upward when they bloom many narrow leaves along stem family oNAgrAceAe Blooms: June-August Size: 10-20" tall Metallic Green Bee Agapostemon texanus These brilliantly colored bright green head metallic blue or green and thorax bees visit a wide variety of flowers. These bees are commonly called “sweat bees” because they are attracted to human sweat. black and yellow striped abdomen (males*) FAMiLY HALicTid Ae Nest: Solitary (ground) Size: 0.3-0.6" long *females are entirely green 5 Yellow Bells flowers are small, yellow,* nodding, Fritillaria pudica narrow, and each stem bell-shaped one of the first usually has one wildflowers to bloom flower in the spring after the snow melts, yellow bells grow in dry, loose soil in open woodlands and 6 separate tepals grasslands. Meriwether (called “tepals” Lewis collected this when petals and sepals look similar) plant in 1806. usually 2 opposite, erect, linear leaves per stem smooth, hairless stem family LiLiA ceAe Blooms: April - June Size: 4-12" tall *petals turn brick red after pollination Half-black Bumble Bee Bombus vagans These large, hairy bees are one of the most common bumble bees in our area. black dot They forage in sunny on thorax half black and meadows and shady half yellow forests. abdomen black face Bumble bees nest in small cavities such as abandoned rodent burrows or under grass tussocks. FAMiLY APid Ae Nest: Social Size: 0.4-0.9" long 6 5 magenta to lavender petals Shooting Star reflexed Dodecatheon pulchellum (point up) The nodding flowers of petals united shooting stars look like only at base pink darts. They grow 1-25 flowers in yellow and red in moist grasslands, simple umbel corolla tube at forests, and along arrangement base of petals streambanks. yellowish collar purplish point of five fused anthers cluster of oval to oblong leaves only at base family PriMulaceAe Blooms: April - June Size: 6-16" tall Great Basin Bumble Bee Bombus centralis great Basin and other bumble bees perform a special behavior called black band “buzz pollination,” in which a red and on thorax bee grabs a flower in her jaws yellow segments and vibrates her wings to on abdomen dislodge pollen trapped in a flower᾽s anthers. Bumble bees buzz pollinate tomatoes, peppers, cranberries and shooting stars. pollen basket FAMiLY APid Ae Nest: Social Females carry pollen as a wet ball in a pollen basket Size: 0.4-0.9" long on their hind legs. 7 Sticky Geranium sticky hairs cover sepals, leaves and Geranium viscosissimum stems mostly at top of plant This perennial with a 5 separate thick, woody taproot pink to is commonly found lavender in open grasslands and petals with valleys to subalpine dark red veins meadows. Sticky to the bristle-tipped touch, geraniums emit sepals a strong geranium scent. The dark red veins on the petals guide pollinators to their reward. sticky hairs emit a strong geranium scent deeply-lobed leaves divided into 5-7 coarsely toothed segments family ger ANiAceA Blooms: June - August Size: 16-32" tall Leafcutter Bee Megachile spp. Female leafcutter bees cut circular leaf or petal pieces and use them to line their brood cells that they build in holes in wood or loose gravel. Their stout bodies with females upturned abdomens give carry pollen on the powerful them a pugnacious look. undersides jaws of their abdomens flattened, FAMiLY MegAcHiLidAe upturned Nest: Solitary abdomen Size: 0.4-0.8" long 8 Nine-leaf Biscuitroot Lomatium triternatum The nine leaves, consisting of three tiny yellow sets of three leaflets compact flower each, give nine-leaf clusters at stalk tips biscuitroot its name. arranged in umbels This perennial, in the carrot family, can be found on open slopes from valleys to subalpine forests. leaf stalk forms sheath compound leaves at base are in 3 sets of 3 narrow leaflets each family APiA ceAe Blooms: May - July Size: 8-32" tall Hunt’s Bumble Bee Bombus huntii Queen Hunt's bumble bees are one of the earliest bum- black band ble bees to emerge in spring on thorax in search of the first flowers yellow-red-yellow of the season. Because of bands on abdomen their chunky size and furry body, bumble bees can fly in yellow cooler temperatures and at hairs on face lower light levels than many other bees. FAMiLY APid Ae Nest: Social Size: 0.4-0.9" long 9 Bitterroot Lewisia rediviva petals deep to 12-18 Montana᾽s state flower light pink, or separate grows on dry, exposed even white lance-shaped mountain slopes in gravelly petals soils. it᾽s named for Meriwether Lewis who numerous white stamens collected it on July 1, 1806 with orange 5-9 during the Lewis and clark pollen sacs sepals expedition. solitary flowers on short stems close to the ground Leaves disappear usually before flowers bloom. They are narrow, basal, succulent and less than 2" tall. family PorTulacAceAe Blooms: May - June Size: 2-3" tall Mining Bee Andrena spp. These medium-sized bees are often encountered by gardeners because they nest in lawns. They are bands of pale among the most common hairs on dark abdomen bees that forage in the spring. metallic blue, green, or black body females carry pollen FAMiLY ANdreNidAe on hairs on hind legs Nest: Solitary (ground) and thorax Size: 0.3-0.7" long 10 Little Larkspur 1-15 dark bluish-purple Delphinium bicolor blooms per 2 separate stem yellowish-white petals Little larkspur can be found in dry areas from 2 separate valleys to subalpine blue petals forests. it s called ᾽ 5 separate sepals – “larkspur” because one of upper sepal has the sepals on each bloom backward-pointing spur has a spur, which looks like (snapdragon-like) the spur on a lark᾽s foot.
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