DOCSLIB.ORG

Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal An International Threat for ?? Europe’s Rivers Large navigation facilities will irreversibly alter the natural riverine habitat (Gabčíkovo sluices, Danube, Slovakia). Photo © T. Pašteka Meanders of the Morava river would be canalised by the D-O-E project. Photo © M. Stránský THREATLandscape TO NATURE for life, or the Canal? Danube, Oder and Elbe forests and peatlands. These and The Canal other valuable areas among the Rivers The historic enlargement of Danube, Oder and Elbe rivers The Danube, Oder and Elbe the European Union is blowing will be included in the European rivers and their tributaries contain new wind into the sails of politi- Union’s so-called Natura 2000 many of the most valuable nature cal and business interests that network of specially protected areas in Europe. In the Czech are interested in resurrecting areas. and Slovak Republics these long-standing plans to develop include floodplain forests, wet a canal linking the Danube, Oder, meadows and oxbows such as and Elbe rivers. Development of the Morava-Dyje Floodplains the planned canal, which would and a valuable mosaic of enable ships to travel from the wetlands such as those of the Baltic and North Seas in northern Poodří Protected Landscape Europe to the Black Sea in the Area along the Oder River. Along southeast, would be a massive the Elbe at the Labské Pískovce undertaking. It would total some Protected Landscape Area 1,980 km in length and flow – there are invaluable canyon through Germany, the Czech landscapes with wet meadows, White Stork. Photo © T. Pašteka Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and The canal The Danube-Oder-Elbe canal and European Legislation will also breach the provisions of the EU Water Framework The Danube-Oder-Elbe canal Directive. The ambitious Water will breach the provisions of EU Framework Directive sets the Directives 92/43 and 79/409 scene for integrated and inter- (the so-called Habitats and national river basin management Birds Directives) as well as across Europe, aiming at environ- both the Bern and Ramsar mental objectives that will deliver Conventions. ecological quality improvements Hundreds of species of flora for freshwater ecosystems across and fauna, birds and habitats, the whole continent. Construc- Floodplain forests along the Danube, Oder and Elbe rivers are priority habitats for legally protected under the Birds tion of the canal would take an Europe. Photo © T. Pašteka and Habitats Directives, would estimated 10-20 years, a period be threatened by the project. during which the EU’s Water Construction of the canal would Framework Directive, will have destroy and alter habitats and been implemented. fragment populations of species, Austria. Initial estimates of the leading to loss of biodiversity. costs total 6455.5 Million USD. Nesting areas of birds would be This is only an initial estimate of disturbed and destroyed by con- direct costs, without mitigation struction. measures. It is more than likely that this estimate is overly opti- The canal would divert water mistic and will increase in the from sections of the Morava, future. Oder and Elbe rivers – rivers whose water resources are The project has already been already limited. These limited included in the EU’s plans for water resources for operating a network of transport corridors the canal would be diverted, The beauty of floodplain forests. Photo © T. Pašteka for Europe – the Trans-European for example the section Vienna- Network for Transport (TEN-T) Hodonín (lower Morava) and for – which foresees the canal link- the highest sections of the Oder ing two waterways: the E20, from and Elbe during their low water The canal would impact Germany to Austria (Hamburg- periods. Natural rivers would (directly and indirectly) on Magdeburg-Pardubice-Přerov- suffer from reduced discharge 400,000 hectares in 61 pro- Danube); and the E30, from and become stagnant – this stag- tected areas – not including Poland to Austria (Szczecin- nant water would exacerbate the areas that in future will be Wrocław-Kozle-Ostrava-Pře- eutrophication processes in the included in the EU’s Natura 2000 rov-Danube). artificial canal and impounded conservation network. Develop- Economic arguments ignore the river stretches. Disruption of ment of the canal could cause the significant and long-term costs hydrological regimes threatens exclusion of areas from Natura that such a project will have on unique floodplains, meadows, 2000 that have already been the environment, and conse- and forests, and negatively identified for the network. quently on people. Experience impacts upon wetlands that are shows that regulation of rivers dependent upon river hydrology. destroys the unique biological diversity of river systems, leads to severe degradation in water qual- ity, and significantly increases the frequency and severity of flood- ing. Rare Clematis integrifolia occurs fre- quently on the Morava-Dyje Floodplains. Photo © V. Stanová Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal Hamburg Szczecin Berlin Magdeburg Ode THREAT TO NATURE r PL Warszawa E lb e Wrocław Dresden Praha D Ostrava CZ Přerov a v a r o SK M München Donau Map prepared by Bratislava DAPHNE and WWF A Wien 0 50 100 200 km Budapest H Protected Nature Areas Proposed Canal Danube-Morava branch Oder Branch Elbe Branch Austria-Slovakia-Czech Czech Republic-Poland- Czech Republic-Germany Republic Germany First section: over 150 km from 170 km from Vienna northeast First section: over 100 km from Přerov to Pardubice (upper Elbe over the lower Morava river and Přerov to Ostrava (upper Oder river, Czech Republic). floodplains to Přerov (Czech river, Czech Republic). Second section: over 870 km Republic). Second section: over 46 km from from Pardubice to Hamburg, Ostrava to the Gliwice canal in Germany. Poland. Third section: from Poland to Szczecin and the Baltic Sea. The Oder river is only navigable to a limited extent, so 360 km of the river would need to be regulated (from Wrocłav to the mouth of the Warthe). Will nature disappear due to development? Photo © T. Pašteka Danube-Oder-Elbe Canal What we want THREAT TO NATURE The planned Danube-Oder- Elbe canal would have a massive negative impact on invaluable nature areas and the environment more generally across Central Europe. It would cost a fortune, while yielding very Natural floodplains mitigate effects of uncertain economic benefits. floods and protect downstream human settlements. Photo © T. Pašteka Therefore, we demand: Contacts: A full stop to any further Daphne research or plans This factsheet – Institute of applied ecology for construction of the canal. has been produced by Milan Janák No public funds from Daphne, WWF Hanulova 5/D the European Union or relevant and BUND-Berlin. 844 40 Bratislava, Slovakia Financing was provided by governments be provided WWF, Umweltstiftung Tel: +421-2-654 121 62 for the canal. Fax: +421-2-654 121 33 and BUND-Berlin. The Danube-Oder-Elbe [email protected] canal be removed from the www.daphne.sk EU’s TEN-T plans as well as from regional development plans in the Czech Republic, WWF European Policy Office Slovakia, Poland, Austria Ellen Townsend and Germany. 36 avenue de Tervuren Box 12 Support for realistic 1040 Brussels, Belgium transport alternatives in Tel: +32-2-740 09 21 Central Europe, including Fax: +32-2-743 88 19 modernisation of the existing railway network. [email protected] Life on floodplains has adapted to flooding www.panda.org/epo Awareness raising, and over many centuries. Photo © T. Pašteka support for natural wealth of Central Europe: untouched BUND Berlin e. V. rivers and nature should be Jeroen Kuiper the basis for sustainable Crellestr. 35 development. 10827 Berlin, Germany Strategic Environmental Tel: +49-30-78 79 00–32 Impact Assessment must Fax: +49-30-78 79 00–18 be urgently undertaken to investigate all developments [email protected] which may threaten current and www.bund-berlin.de future Natura 2000 sites in Future member States. Graphic design & layout: [email protected] | Print: Agentura NP Staré (CZ) Město [email protected] Graphic design & layout:.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Risk Assessment of Virus Infections in the Oder Estuary (Southern Baltic) on the Basis of Spatial Transport and Virus Decay Simulations
    International Journal Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 203, 317-325 (2001) © Urban & Fischer Verlag of Hygiene and http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/intjhyg Environmental Health Risk assessment of virus infections in the Oder estuary (southern Baltic) on the basis of spatial transport and virus decay simulations Gerald Schernewski1, Wolf-Dieter Jülich2 1 Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany 2 Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Germany Received September 13, 2000 · Accepted January 09, 2001 Abstract The large Oder (Szczecin) Lagoon (687 km2) at the German-Polish border, close to the Baltic Sea, suffers from severe eutrophication and water quality problems due to high discharge of water, nu- trients and pollutants by the river Oder. Sewage treatment around the lagoon has been very much improved during the last years, but large amounts of sewage still enter the Oder river. Human path- ogenic viruses generally can be expected in all surface waters that are affected by municipal sewage. There is an increasing awareness that predisposed persons can be infected by a few infective units or even a single active virus. Another new aspect is, that at least polioviruses attached to suspend- ed particles can be infective for weeks and therefore be transported over long distances. Therefore, the highest risk of virus inputs arise from the large amounts of untreated sewage of the city of Szcze- cin (Poland), which are released into the river Oder and transported to the lagoon and the Baltic Sea. Summer tourism is the most important economical factor in this coastal region and further growth is expected.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers and Lakes in Serbia
    NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATION OF SERBIA Čika Ljubina 8, 11000 Belgrade Phone: +381 11 6557 100 Rivers and Lakes Fax: +381 11 2626 767 E-mail: [email protected] www.serbia.travel Tourist Information Centre and Souvenir Shop Tel : +381 11 6557 127 in Serbia E-mail: [email protected] NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATION OF SERBIA www.serbia.travel Rivers and Lakes in Serbia PALIĆ LAKE BELA CRKVA LAKES LAKE OF BOR SILVER LAKE GAZIVODE LAKE VLASINA LAKE LAKES OF THE UVAC RIVER LIM RIVER DRINA RIVER SAVA RIVER ADA CIGANLIJA LAKE BELGRADE DANUBE RIVER TIMOK RIVER NIŠAVA RIVER IBAR RIVER WESTERN MORAVA RIVER SOUTHERN MORAVA RIVER GREAT MORAVA RIVER TISA RIVER MORE RIVERS AND LAKES International Border Monastery Provincial Border UNESKO Cultural Site Settlement Signs Castle, Medieval Town Archeological Site Rivers and Lakes Roman Emperors Route Highway (pay toll, enterance) Spa, Air Spa One-lane Highway Rural tourism Regional Road Rafting International Border Crossing Fishing Area Airport Camp Tourist Port Bicycle trail “A river could be an ocean, if it doubled up – it has in itself so much enormous, eternal water ...” Miroslav Antić - serbian poet Photo-poetry on the rivers and lakes of Serbia There is a poetic image saying that the wide lowland of The famous Viennese waltz The Blue Danube by Johann Vojvodina in the north of Serbia reminds us of a sea during Baptist Strauss, Jr. is known to have been composed exactly the night, under the splendor of the stars. There really used to on his journey down the Danube, the river that connects 10 be the Pannonian Sea, but had flowed away a long time ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Map of the European Inland Waterway Network – Carte Du Réseau Européen Des Voies Navigables – Карта Европейской Сети Внутренних Водных Путей
    Map of the European Inland Waterway Network – Carte du réseau européen des voies navigables – Карта европейской сети внутренних водных путей Emden Berlin-Spandauer Schiahrtskanal 1 Берлин-Шпандауэр шиффартс канал 5.17 Delfzijl Эмден 2.50 Arkhangelsk Делфзейл Архангельск Untere Havel Wasserstraße 2 Унтере Хафель водный путь r e Teltowkanal 3 Тельтов-канал 4.25 d - O Leeuwarden 4.50 2.00 Леуварден Potsdamer Havel 4 Потсдамер Хафель 6.80 Groningen Harlingen Гронинген Харлинген 3.20 - 5.45 5.29-8.49 1.50 2.75 р водный п 1.40 -Оде . Papenburg 4.50 El ель r Wasserstr. Kemi Папенбург 2.50 be аф Ode 4.25 нканал Х vel- Кеми те Ha 2.50 юс 4.25 Luleå Belomorsk K. К Den Helder Küsten 1.65 4.54 Лулео Беломорск Хелдер 7.30 3.00 IV 1.60 3.20 1.80 E m О - S s Havel K. 3.60 eve Solikamsk д rn a е ja NE T HERLANDS Э р D Соликамск м Хафель-К. vin с a ная Б Север Дви 1 III Berlin е на 2 4.50 л IV B 5.00 1.90 о N O R T H S E A Meppel Берлин e м 3.25 l 11.00 Меппел o о - 3.50 m р 1.30 IV О с а 2 2 де - o к 4.30 р- прее во r 5.00 б Ш дн s о 5.00 3.50 ь 2.00 Sp ый k -Б 3.00 3.25 4.00 л ree- er Was п o а Э IV 3 Od ser .
    [Show full text]
  • Investing to Integrate Europe & Ensure Security of Supply PE
    11/20/2014 Public enterprise "Electric power industry of Serbia" Europe‘s 8th energy region: Investing to integrate Europe & ensure security of supply Brussels, 19th November 2014 PE EPS is nearly a sole player in the Serbian electricity market Hydro power 2,835 MW plants Thermal power 5,171 MW* 3,936 MW** plants Combined heat and power 353 MW plants Total 8,359 MW* 7,124 MW** Electricity 37.5 TWh** Production Number of 3.5 mil ** customers Number of 33,335** employees Last power plant built in 1991. *With K&M ** Without K&M, end of 2013 As of June 1999 PE EPS does not operate its Kosovo and Metohija capacities (K&M) 2 1 11/20/2014 EPS facing 1200MW capacity decommissioning until 2025 Due to aging fleet and strict EU environmental regulations1 Net available EPS generation capacity, MW Successful negotiation about 8,000 -1,218 MW LCPD and IED implementation 20 eased the timing of lignite 7,239 25 111 decommissioning 208 210 630 100 6,021 6,000 20 25 280 Old gas-fired CHP capacity decommissioning 612 • Current Novi Sad gas/oil CHP (210 MW) and EPS small HPPs 1,200 Zrenjanin gas/oil CHP (111 MW) to terminate CHP SREMSKA MITROVICA - 321 MW 1,230 production CHP ZRENJANIN 4,000 CHP NOVI SAD 1,560 TPP MORAVA Old lignite-fired capacity decommissioning 1,239 (capacities to be closed in 2023 latest and to operate TPP KOLUBARA 211 20ths hours in total between 2018-20231) 211 TPP KOSTOLAC B TPP KOSTOLAC A 1,126 • Kolubara A1-3, A5 (208 MW) 1,126 2,000 • Nikola Tesla A1-2 (360 MW) TPP NIKOLA TESLA B • Kostolac A1-2 (280 MW) TPP NIKOLA TESLA A HPP
    [Show full text]
  • Morava River Basin (Slovakia)
    WWF Water and Wetland Index –Critical issues in water policy across Europe November 2003 Results overview for the Morava river basin (Slovakia) This fact sheet summarises the results of the Water and Wetland Index for the Slovakian part of the Morava river basin. Information about the project and the different issues presented in this fact sheet can be found in the WWF Report “Water and Wetland Index - Critical issues in water policy across Europe” (2003). Water Resources in the Slovakian Morava Some 2,227 km2 out of the total 26,658 km2 of the Morava river basin belong to the Slovak republic on its lowermost course. The river itself is a boundary river with the Czech republic and then, on the very Poland lower course, with Austria. The Slovakian stretch has a length of 114 Czech Republic km and a mean annual discharge of 120 m3/s. The area of the river basin is mainly used for agricultural purposes, while forests are in marginal mountain ranges (Little Carpathians and White Carpathians) and partly also in the central flat part. Most of the basin has a lowland Slovakia Ukraine character. Austria Hungary Romania Application of Integrated River Basin Management principles Public participation in water management Information provision Most of the available information is presented in adequate language and form, though its level of Existence of detail should be improved in some aspects. There is relatively good potential for being informed, 1 but information flow towards some stakeholders (environmental NGOs) is sometimes found to be arrangements insufficient. Adequacy2 Public consultation The law provides the legal framework for most of the stakeholders (industry, water supply, Existence of farmers) to be consulted on specific documents in the decision-making process.
    [Show full text]
  • Elbe Estuary Publishing Authorities
    I Integrated M management plan P Elbe estuary Publishing authorities Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg Ministry of Urban Development and Environment http://www.hamburg.de/bsu The Federal State of Lower Saxony Lower Saxony Federal Institution for Water Management, Coasts and Conservation www.nlwkn.Niedersachsen.de The Federal State of Schleswig-Holstein Ministry of Agriculture, the Environment and Rural Areas http://www.schleswig-holstein.de/UmweltLandwirtschaft/DE/ UmweltLandwirtschaft_node.html Northern Directorate for Waterways and Shipping http://www.wsd-nord.wsv.de/ http://www.portal-tideelbe.de Hamburg Port Authority http://www.hamburg-port-authority.de/ http://www.tideelbe.de February 2012 Proposed quote Elbe estuary working group (2012): integrated management plan for the Elbe estuary http://www.natura2000-unterelbe.de/links-Gesamtplan.php Reference http://www.natura2000-unterelbe.de/links-Gesamtplan.php Reproduction is permitted provided the source is cited. Layout and graphics Kiel Institute for Landscape Ecology www.kifl.de Elbe water dropwort, Oenanthe conioides Integrated management plan Elbe estuary I M Elbe estuary P Brunsbüttel Glückstadt Cuxhaven Freiburg Introduction As a result of this international responsibility, the federal states worked together with the Federal Ad- The Elbe estuary – from Geeshacht, via Hamburg ministration for Waterways and Navigation and the to the mouth at the North Sea – is a lifeline for the Hamburg Port Authority to create a trans-state in- Hamburg metropolitan region, a flourishing cultural
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Wetlands and Floodplain Areas in the Danube River Basin Final Report May 1999
    DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMME EVALUATION OF WETLANDS AND FLOODPLAIN AREAS IN THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN FINAL REPORT MAY 1999 Programme Coordination Unit UNDP/GEF Assistance prepared by WWF Danube-Carpathian-Programme and WWF-Auen-Institut (Germany) DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMME EVALUATION OF WETLANDS AND FLOODPLAIN AREAS IN THE DANUBE RIVER BASIN FINAL REPORT MAY 1999 Programme Coordination Unit UNDP/GEF Assistance prepared by WWF Danube-Carpathian-Programme and WWF-Auen-Institut (Germany) Preface The "Evaluation of Wetlands and Flkoodplain Areas in the Danube River Basin" study was prepared in the frame of the Danube Pollution Reduction Programme (PRP). The Study has been undertaken to define priority wetland and floodplain rehabilitation sites as a component of the Pollution reduction Programme. The present report addresses the identification of former floodplains and wetlands in the Danube River Basin, as well as the description of the current status and evaluation of the ecological importance of the potential for rehabilitation. Based on this evaluation, 17 wetland/floodplain sites have been identified for rehabilitation considering their ecological importance, their nutrient removal capacity and their role in flood protection. Most of the identified wetlands will require transboundary cooperation and represent an important first step in retoring the ecological balance in the Danube River Basin. The results are presented in the form of thematic maps that can be found in Annex I of the study. The study was prepared by the WWF-Danube-Carpathian-Programme and the WWF-Auen-Institut (Institute for Floodplains Ecology, WWF-Germany), under the guidance of the UNDP/GEF team of experts of the Danube Programme Coordination Unit (DPCU) in Vienna, Austria.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo
    CHAPTER SEVENTEEN History of the German Language 1 Indo-European and Germanic Background Indo-European Background It has already been mentioned in this course that German and English are related languages. Two languages can be related to each other in much the same way that two people can be related to each other. If two people share a common ancestor, say their mother or their great-grandfather, then they are genetically related. Similarly, German and English are genetically related because they share a common ancestor, a language which was spoken in what is now northern Germany sometime before the Angles and the Saxons migrated to England. We do not have written records of this language, unfortunately, but we have a good idea of what it must have looked and sounded like. We have arrived at our conclusions as to what it looked and sounded like by comparing the sounds of words and morphemes in earlier written stages of English and German (and Dutch) and in modern-day English and German dialects. As a result of the comparisons we are able to reconstruct what the original language, called a proto-language, must have been like. This particular proto-language is usually referred to as Proto-West Germanic. The method of reconstruction based on comparison is called the comparative method. If faced with two languages the comparative method can tell us one of three things: 1) the two languages are related in that both are descended from a common ancestor, e.g. German and English, 2) the two are related in that one is the ancestor of the other, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Co? Was? German-Polish Linguistic Attitudes in Frankfurt (Oder)
    Co? Was ? German-Polish Linguistic Attitudes in Frankfurt (Oder) Megan Clark Senior Linguistics Thesis Bryn Mawr College 2010 In this study I analyze the linguistic attitudes held by Polish and German speakers in the border towns of Frankfurt an der Oder, Germany and Słubice, Poland, held together by a cross-border university. I consider the historical background in the relationship between the two communities, including but not limited to the effect of Germany and Poland’s separate entrances into the European Union and Schengen zone, which have divided the two countries until recently, as well as the adoption of the Euro in both Germany and, later, Poland. With consideration of this history, I explore the concept of linguistic attitudes in other border communities to mark parallels and differences in the attitudes of speakers on each side of the border, most notably different because of the presence of the university on both sides of the dividing river. I supplement this research with a study conducted on speakers themselves within each side of the community to explore the underlying thoughts and ideas behind attitudes toward speakers of the other language, investigating why so many Polish speakers are fluent in German, while only a few German students endeavor to learn Polish. The research we have conducted here explores a very important aspect of language attitudes as a proxy for European geo-political relations as exemplified in the role of Poland as an outlier in the European Union due to its late joining and reluctant acceptance of the Euro. Though student relations on the border are strong, the heart of Słubice remains untouched by German residents, despite full osmosis of Polish citizens into the heart of Frankfurt.
    [Show full text]
  • Hic Sunt Leones? the Morava Valley Region During the Early Middle Ages: the Bilateral Mobility Project Between Slovakia and Austria
    Volume VIII ● Issue 1/2017 ● Pages 99–104 INTERDISCIPLINARIA ARCHAEOLOGICA NATURAL SCIENCES IN ARCHAEOLOGY homepage: http://www.iansa.eu VIII/1/2017 A look at the region Hic sunt leones? The Morava Valley Region During the Early Middle Ages: The Bilateral Mobility Project between Slovakia and Austria Mária Hajnalováa*, Stefan Eichertb, Jakub Tamaškoviča, Nina Brundkeb, Judith Benedixb, Noémi Beljak Pažinováa, Dominik Repkaa aDepartment of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Štefánikova 67, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia bDepartment of Prehistory and Historical Archaeology, Faculty of Historical and Cultural Studies at the University of Vienna, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Wien, Austria ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Cross-border cooperation is very important for understanding the cultural-historical development of Received: 25th January 2017 the border regions of modern day states. These areas, today, are often considered as “peripheries”. Accepted: 20th June 2017 However, in the past they usually had a very different function and status. This article introduces one bilateral mobility project between the archaeological departments at the University of Vienna DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.24916/iansa.2017.1.7 and the Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, aimed at facilitating more focused early medieval archaeological research in the region along the lower stretches of the Morava River. The Key words: article introduces the region, its history and state of research and describes the role of the project, the bilateral project team and the project results obtained up to date. Early Medieval Period Slovakia Austria cross-border cooperation 1. Introduction with the cultural and historical developments of the early medieval period, but all are based on data almost exclusively “Hic sunt leones” is a two-year bilateral mobility project either from Slovakia or from Austria (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling Water Exchange in the Oder River Mouth Area
    Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies International Journal of Oceanography and Hydrobiology Vol. XXXVI, No.1 Institute of Oceanography (55-67) University of Gdańsk 2007 Received: July 01, 2006 DOI 10.2478/v10009-007-0002-9 Research Paper Accepted: February 13, 2007 Modeling water exchange in the Oder River mouth area Halina Kowalewska-Kalkowska1, Marek Kowalewski2 1Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Szczecin ul. Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland 2Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk al. Marszałka J. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland Key words: numerical modeling, water exchange, Oder River mouth Abstract A three-dimensional operational hydrodynamic model of the Baltic Sea (M3D_UG) developed based on the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) was applied to model water exchange in the Oder River mouth area. Due to wind-driven back flow in the Oder mouth, a simplified operational model of river discharge was also developed based on the water budget in a stream channel. Linking the Oder discharge and Baltic Sea models into a single system allowed simulating hydrodynamic conditions in the Szczecin Lagoon and the Pomeranian Bay. Since the model adequately approximates hydrodynamic variability, it is a reliable tool for modeling water exchange in the Oder River mouth area and for assessing Oder water spread in the Baltic Sea. 1 Corresponding author: [email protected] Copyright© by Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, Poland www.oandhs.org 56 H. Kowalewska-Kalkowska, M. Kowalewski INTRODUCTION Situated in the southern Baltic Sea, the Oder River mouth is an area where fresh and brackish waters mix. In its downstream reaches, the Oder River discharges into the Szczecin Lagoon, which is a coastal water body of approximately 680 km2 with a mean depth of 3.8 m.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Studies
    The River Elbe Case Studies Case Studies The River Elbe A Case Study for the Ecological and Economical Chain of Sediments* Axel Netzband1*, Heinrich Reincke2 and Michael Bergemann2 1 Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Department of Economy and Labour, Port and River Engineering Department, Dalmannstrasse 1, D-20457 Hamburg, Germany 2 Elbe River Board, Nessdeich 120-121, D-21129 Hamburg, Germany * Corresponding author ([email protected]) Czech Republic and then through central and northern Ger- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/jss2002.09.058 many before discharging into the North Sea (Fig. 1). Its catch- Abstract. Industrial activities in the river basin of the Elbe have a ment drains some of north and central Europe's major cit- very long tradition, and have been resulting in the contamination ies, including Prague, Dresden, Berlin and Hamburg. The of sediments for centuries. Contamination lasted until the fall of river's water serves several purposes: to a certain extent, it the iron curtain; since then, the situation has improved signifi- is used for drinking water production via bank filtration cantly. In the transition zone between freshwater systems and the which makes a comprehensive treatment necessary, and it is marine environment, ports like Hamburg still have to bear this also used for industry and agriculture. burden of history. An overall (contaminated) management strat- egy should be developed in the context of the European Water Despite having been a heavily polluted river, the Elbe stands Framework Directive with the emphasis on source control. out among central European rivers for its natural resources.
    [Show full text]