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Drug Abuse Trends in Broward County, Florida Annual Report: June 2017

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Drug Abuse Trends in Broward County, Florida Annual Report: June 2017 United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Drug Abuse Trends In Broward County, Florida Annual Report: June 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I. INTRODUCTION SECTION I A. REPORT HIGHLIGHTS ........................................................................................... 2 SECTION I B. DATA SOURCES ................................................................................................ 3 SECTION II. PATTERNS AND TRENDS of DRUG USE UNDERAGE ALCOHOL USE ...................................................................................................... 4 ADULT PROBLEMATIC ALCOHOL………………………………………………………..……………………………… 6 TOBACCO, SMOKING AND VAPING………………………………………………………………………….….…..……6 MARIJUANA…………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………8 Novel Psychoactive Substances……………………………………………………………………………………9 Synthetic Cannabinoids……………………………………….…………………………………………………10 Synthetic Cathinones……………………………………………………………………………………………..12 The Opiates–Non-pharmaceutical opioid analogues……..……………….……….……………..15 THE OPIATES –NONMEDICAL USE OF PRESCRIPTION OPIOIDS…………………………………..……….…….….16 THE OPIATES – HEROIN……………………………………………………………………………………….……………..22 COCAINE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………23 METHAMPHETAMINE……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…25 NONMEDICAL USE OF PRESCRIPTION BENZODIAZEPINES……..……………………………………………….…….26 United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Annual Drug Trends Report June 2017 1 Patterns and Trends of Substance Abuse in Broward County Florida June 2017 James N. Hall, Senior Epidemiologist Center for Applied Research on Substance Use and Health Disparities Nova Southeastern University SECTION I. HIGHLIGHTS • The prevalence of current alcohol use and binge drinking among Broward students steadily declined from 2010 to 2016 paralleling declines Statewide. • Alcohol was detected as being present in nearly one-half of all drug-related deaths in Florida during 2016 and was the primary drug cited by more than a fourth of all patients admitted to addiction treatment in Broward County during 2016 with three-fourths of those adult patients being over the age of 34. • While cigarette smoking by youth has dramatically declined over the past decade, three times as many Broward high school students and six times as many middle school students are current users of e-cigarettes as compared to regular cigarette users. • Marijuana was the primary drug of use reported by 87% of adolescents younger than 18 years of age entering addiction treatment programs in Broward County during 2016 as prevalence rates of current marijuana use have generally increased since 2006. • More than three-fourths of Synthetic Cannabinoids analyzed in Florida crime labs in 2016 were from 2 different substances not seen in previous years while Broward County had less than one-percent of all synthetic cannabinoid crime lab exhibits statewide. • The ban by China in October 2015 of 116 Novel Psychoactive Substances including alpha- PVP (“Flakka”) and other Synthetic Cathinones appears to have dramatically reduced the availability of these substance in Broward County and across all of Florida in 2016. • Non-pharmaceutical fentanyl and its analogues from foreign clandestine labs are the major factor for the dramatic increase in opioid deaths related to adulterated heroin and counterfeit medications in Broward County and all of Florida. • Deaths related to the non-medical misuse of prescription opioids, and particularly oxycodone, have increased since their decline from 2011 to 2013 following Florida’s crackdown on prescription drug diversion. • Most all heroin deaths in Florida involve polysubstance use in combination with other drugs. • Cocaine deaths have been steadily increasing since 2013 attributed in part to polysubstance use with heroin and other opioids. • Indicators of methamphetamine remain relatively low in Broward County compared to other parts of Florida. • Benzodiazepine deaths increased in 2015 and 2016 following sharp declines from 2011 to 2013 paralleling trends of prescription opioid fatalities. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Annual Drug Trends Report June 2017 2 Data Sources Florida Department of Law Enforcement: Florida Medical Examiners Commission 2016 Interim Report on Drugs Detected in Deceased Persons in Florida: January – June 2016 Released May 2017 Florida Department of Children and Families: Primary Drug Treatment Admissions in Florida and Broward County for Calendar Year 2016 Florida Department of Children and Families: Florida Youth Substance Abuse Surveys (FYSAS) Broward County Reports 2000 – 2016 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Florida Department of Health: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) for High School and Middle School Students – Broward County, 2015 Released June 10, 2016 Florida Agency for Health Care Administration: Opioid, Heroin and Benzodiazepine Poisoning Overdose Hospitalization Cases January – June 2016 Data Queried June 2017 Florida Poison Information Centers exposure calls for calendar year 2016 and January through April 2017 Florida Department of Law Enforcement: Arrests Reports by Florida Counties 2015 and 2016 US Drug Enforcement Administration: National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS): Florida and Broward County crime lab cases for calendar year 2016 data (Queried: May 22, 2017) U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Substate Estimates from the 2012-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) University of Florida drug-Related Outcome Surveillance and Tracking (FROST) System at www.frost.med.ufl.edu SECTION II. PATTERNS AND TRENDS of DRUG USE United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Annual Drug Trends Report June 2017 3 Underage Alcohol Use • The prevalence of current alcohol use and binge drinking among Broward students steadily declined from 2010 to 2016 paralleling declines Statewide. The most recent update on trends of alcohol use by Broward youth is from the 2016 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS). It reported a 9.6 percentage point decline (or 29-% decrease) in current (past 30-day) use of alcohol among Broward high school students between 2006 (34.1%) and 2016 (24.5%) The FYSAS also reported a 10.1 percentage point decline (or 54-% decrease) in current use of alcohol among Broward middle school students between 2006 (18.7%) and 2016 (8.6%). The 2016 rates of current alcohol use among Broward students are similar to the percentages for all Florida high school students at 25.4% and middle schoolers at 8.3%. The FYSAS also reports a 7.9 percentage point decrease (or 46% decline) in binge drinking of having five or more drinks in a row during the past two weeks among Broward high school students from 17% in 2006 to 9.1% in 2016. Broward middle school students also reported a 46- % decline in binge drinking (or 2.6 percentage points) between the same ten-year period from 5.6% in 2006 to 3% in 2016. Binge drinking percentages among Broward students in 2016 were also similar to those for high school students Statewide at 10.9% and 3.2% among middle schoolers. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Annual Drug Trends Report June 2017 4 The percent of Broward high school students reporting they had their first drink of alcohol other than a few sips before the age of 13 as tracked by the FYSAS has declined 59-% from 40.1% in 2006 to 16.5% in 2016. Statewide 19.4% of high school students in 2016 reported alcohol use prior to the age of 13. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Substate Data provides prevalence rates of alcohol use for Broward County underage drinking for those 12 to 20 years of age citing 20.15% of that population were current (past 30-day) users of alcohol and 11.51% reported binge drinking in the past month. These were the lowest rates in Florida where the statewide rates were 24.04% for current alcohol use and 14.24 for binge drinking among those 12-20 years of age. In calendar year 2016, only 12 adolescents aged 17 and under cited alcohol was their primary drug of abuse when they entered a local addiction treatment program. That total represented 4% of all admissions for that age group and less than 1% of the total number of primary alcohol treatment admissions (n= 2,030). There were 121 young adults aged 18-25 who reported alcohol as their primary substance abuse problem or 6% of all alcohol admissions representing 10% of all treatment admissions aged 18-25. There were only 2 juvenile arrests age 17 and under in Broward County for Driving Under the Influence (DUI) during 2016 and 6 juvenile arrests for Liquor Law Violations. United Way of Broward County Commission on Substance Abuse Annual Drug Trends Report June 2017 5 Adult Problematic Alcohol • Alcohol was detected as being present in nearly one-half of all drug-related deaths in Florida during 2016 and was the primary drug cited by more than a fourth of all patients admitted to addiction treatment in Broward County during 2016 with three-fourths of those adult patients being over the age of 34. Alcohol was identified in 2,466 deceased persons Statewide in the first six months of 2016 by Florida medical examiners representing a 7-% increase from the 2,308 alcohol occurrences in the first half of 2015. Among the 2016 cases, alcohol was considered a “cause of death” in 405 or 16% of the cases and was detected in 46% of the 5,392 decedents in whom any drug was found present at the time of death. In calendar year 2016, 2,058
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