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Landfill Leachate Treatment Case Study, Srv Atervinning, Sweden

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Landfill Leachate Treatment Case Study, Srv Atervinning, Sweden Landfill Leachate Treatment Case Study, SRV Atervinning, Sweden DONG Y U Master of Science Thesis Stockholm 2007 Dong Yu LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT CASE STUDY, SRV ATERVINNING, SWEDEN Supervisor & Examiner: Per Olof Persson Master of Science Thesis STOCKHOLM 2007 PRESENTED AT INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY TRITA-IM 2007:24 ISSN 1402-7615 Industrial Ecology, Royal Institute of Technology www.ima.kth.se Abstract SRV återvinning AB is a joint-stock waste company located in the south of Stockholm. Since the first operation, three landfills have been practiced successively. The landfill generates about 200,000 to 250,000 cubic meters of leachate per year. An on-site leachate treatment plant consists of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and constructed wetland was build for Landfill III. The research was to find out: - the capacity and efficiency of the existing on-site leachate treatment plant; - to analyse the costs and environmental benefits of different alternatives; and - using the above results, to assess and suggest supplementary methods to treat total landfill leachate concerning the site-specific conditions. This thesis contains a literature review of leachate production and composition as well as leachate treatment technologies. The technologies are described, evaluated or compared. The contents of this thesis divided into 11 chapters. Various calculations and assumptions that have been developed for effective controlling and treating leachate from landfills. Chapter 1 is devoted to basic facts of the leachate problems at SRV återvinning AB. Chapter 2 presented the methodologies that have been set up for solutions and suggestions. Chapter 3 provides a general background of the generation and compositions of waste leachate. A general overview of leachate treatment methods and systems is presented in Chapter 4. Costs of different leachate treatment methods is also exhibited. Chapter 5 provides a detailed current situation review of SRV återvinning AB on landfilling site, leachate quality and quantity and the existing treatment plant. Chapter 6 showed the previous application experience from other treatment plant. The calculation and comparison procedure for the capacity and efficiency of the plant at the landfill is presented in Chapter 7. Different alternatives to solve the leachate problem concerning the site-specification are proposed in Chapter 8. Their applicability, effectiveness are analyzed. Chapter 9 provides detailed discussion of alternatives and calculation procedure. After the conclusion of the thesis, recommendations for the further work are presented. This thesis will provide SRV återvinning AB different alternatives to solve leachate problems. Finally, considering the site-specification, economic perspective and environmental benefits, applying reverse osmosis after SBR as final step; the combination of aerated lagoon, sand filter and soil infiltration are proposed. Furthermore, the control of leachate production is also taken into account. Eventually, recommendations for the further work were presented. III IV Acknowledgments This thesis is now finished. I am ever so grateful to my grandfather and my parents for how they have helped me. Nobody knows better than I how they have encouraged me and supported me for studying in KTH, Sweden. They cannot be appreciated too deeply. This dissertation is the best gift I can give to them and it is what they deserve. During around nine months’ working on my master thesis, my supervisor Mr. Per Olof Persson helped me tremendously. In this period, he helped me not only on studying and knowledge, but also on my personal life. His optimistic attitude towards life and punctilious spirit towards academic work touched me deeply. Without his great and kind help, I would not finish my thesis smoothly and happily. His help is greatly appreciated. I wish to express my great gratitude to my supervisor, Petra Klasson. She enabled me to work in SRV and work on this challenging and interesting project. She spent so much her precious time helping me with reading the report and giving valuable feedback. Under her supervision, I acquired many practical communicational skills. Another special person I have to say thanks is Anna Thuresson, the leachate and water engineer at VafabMiljö. The interview and precious data on SBR and Wetlands helped me a lot to finish the discussion part and suggested methods; otherwise, it would become cliché without any practical support. Many great and sincere appreciations are presented especially to the one who supported me greatly and silently during my study and life in 2006. Here, I really eager to say, because of you, during the year, I had deeper understanding about love and being loved. I was terribly sorry that I’ve never told you the feelings at the bottom of my heart, but you could realize it sooner or later. Anyway, let’s just keep this relationship and go together hand in hand no matter how difficult the future is. I promise I will never give up anymore. Trust me! Of course I could not or did not mention a lot of other people that have, in one way or another, contributed to my well being. I didn’t forget you. There are also so many people who made me all the time in Stockholm so enjoyable. So thanks to you as well. V VI Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 1 2. METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................. 3 2.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES..............................................................................................................3 2.2 LIMITATIONS................................................................................................................................3 2.3 METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................................................3 3. LEACHATE GENERATATION AND COMPOSITION..................................................... 5 3.1 LEACHATE GENERATION..........................................................................................................5 3.2 LEACHATE COMPOSITION ........................................................................................................5 4. OVERVIEW OF LEACHATE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY......................................... 8 4. 1 PHYSICAL TREATMENT OPERATIONS ..................................................................................8 4.1.1 Filtration..............................................................................................................................8 4.1.2 Adsorption..........................................................................................................................10 4.1.3 Ion Exchange......................................................................................................................12 4.1.4 Membrane Filtration Processes..........................................................................................13 4.1.5 Evaporation ........................................................................................................................14 4.1.6 Stripping.............................................................................................................................15 4.2 CHEMICAL TREATMENT OPERATIONS ................................................................................16 4.2.1 Precipitation/Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation......................................................16 4.2.2 Chemical Oxidation/Reduction..........................................................................................18 4.3 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OPERATIONS ............................................................................19 4.3.1 Aerobic BOD reduction treatment .....................................................................................19 4.3.2 Anaerobic BOD reduction treatment..................................................................................24 4.3.3 Biological nitrogen reduction.............................................................................................26 4.4 NATURAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS.........................................................................................28 4.4.1 Irrigation.............................................................................................................................28 4.4.2 Overland flow ....................................................................................................................29 4.4.3 Constructed wetlands .........................................................................................................29 4.4.4 Aquatic systems .................................................................................................................31 4.5 LEACHATE TREATMENT TRAIN ............................................................................................32 4.5.1 Leachate pretreatment for discharge into publicly owned treatment works.......................32 4.5.2 Leachate treatment with low discharge..............................................................................33 4.5.3 Leachate treatment for disposal in natural water systems..................................................33 4.5.4 The application of leachate treatment system ....................................................................33 4.6 LEACHATE TREATMENT COSTS ............................................................................................35
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