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Views of Women with Dissociative Identity Disorder on Intimate Partner Violence: a Grounded Theory Approach

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Views of Women with Dissociative Identity Disorder on Intimate Partner Violence: a Grounded Theory Approach VIEWS OF WOMEN WITH DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE: A GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH _______________________________________ A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy _____________________________________________________ by BRIANA L. SNYDER Dr. Deborah Finfgeld-Connett, Dissertation Supervisor MAY 2017 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled VIEWS OF WOMEN WITH DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER ON INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE: A GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH presented by Briana L. Snyder, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy of nursing, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Deborah Finfgeld-Connett Associate Professor Tina Bloom Associate Professor Maithe Enriquez Professor Kim Anderson Words cannot express how grateful I am for my husband, children, parents, friends, and other loved ones. Without your unwavering support, guidance, and confidence in me, this journey simply would not have been possible. I could write a book about how wonderful each one of you are to me…and maybe one day I will. Thank you to Violet and Oscar for providing the kind of unconditional love and comfort that only elderly dogs can. And thank you to the kind stranger who paid for my coffee the one day I really wanted to give up and quit this whole academic endeavor. I’m still paying it forward. Thank you. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Deborah Finfgeld-Connett for being a steadfast voice of reason and patient guide from the very first day of my doctoral career. Thank you for your support and wise advice, and thank you for reinforcing my love for qualitative research. Thank you, Dr. Tina Bloom, for sharing your time, wisdom, and abundant expertise so generously, with such impeccable timing, and with such a compassionate and good-humored tone. I would like to thank Dr. Maithe Enriquez for sharing valuable insights from personal research endeavors with vulnerable populations and for unwavering positivity and optimism. Thank you, Dr. Kim Anderson, for the wealth of experience with intimate partner violence and qualitative methods that you shared to greatly enrich this project, especially while transitioning to a new institution. Each of my committee members was enormously helpful and critical to my success as a doctoral student. Thank you for being such dedicated and selfless mentors. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Deidre Wipke-Tevis and Dean Judith Fitzgerald Miller. The warm and welcoming atmosphere you create was the main reason I chose to pursue my doctoral degree at Mizzou in the first place. Thank you for always creating new opportunities, being the first to celebrate our successes, and being the first to help us problem-solve our setbacks. Likewise, a gigantic thank you to all of the faculty and staff in the Sinclair School of Nursing – I consider myself extremely lucky to have learned from such a talented, inspirational, and brilliant group of people over the past four years. I am also very fortunate to have spent my doctoral career with a tremendously caring and collaborative cohort of fellow students and friends. It was a blessing to be in the trenches together. ii I remain exceptionally grateful to Dr. Richard Loewenstein and Dr. Bethany Brand for fostering my growth as a psychiatric nurse, scholar, and researcher. Thank you for patiently sharing decades of experience and a wealth of knowledge. I am beyond fortunate to have world-renowned trauma experts as mentors and colleagues. Additionally, I would like to thank the University of Missouri-Columbia, the Sinclair School of Nursing, the Jonas Center for Nursing and Veterans Healthcare, the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation, Sheppard Pratt Hospital System, Towson University, and the Maryland Higher Education Commission. Without their financial and institutional support, this endeavor would not have been possible. Most importantly, I would like to express my most sincere gratitude to the courageous and resilient women who took the time to share stories about some of the most intimate and painful experiences in their lives. You are truly inspirational, and you are the primary reason I have chosen this path. Thank you. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 Specific Aims & Research Questions ................................................................3 Literature Review...............................................................................................3 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................5 Research Design & Methods .............................................................................7 References ..........................................................................................................8 2. CHILD MALTREATMENT AND THE LINK TO EXPERIENCING INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN ADULTHOOD .....................................................11 Abstract ............................................................................................................11 Quick Points .....................................................................................................12 Background ......................................................................................................13 Methods............................................................................................................16 Findings............................................................................................................17 Discussion ........................................................................................................22 Conclusions ......................................................................................................24 References ........................................................................................................26 3. WOMEN’S EXPERIENCE OF BEING INTERVIEWED ABOUT ABUSE: A QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ......................................................35 Abstract ............................................................................................................35 Accessible Summary ........................................................................................37 Introduction ......................................................................................................38 Objectives ........................................................................................................40 iv Methods............................................................................................................41 Results ..............................................................................................................46 Discussion ........................................................................................................50 Conclusions ......................................................................................................54 References ........................................................................................................55 4. WOMEN WITH DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER WHO EXPERIENCE INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ................................................................61 Abstract ............................................................................................................61 Accessible Summary ........................................................................................62 Introduction ......................................................................................................63 Aim & Research Questions ..............................................................................64 Methods............................................................................................................64 Findings............................................................................................................67 Discussion ........................................................................................................74 Conclusions ......................................................................................................78 References ........................................................................................................80 5. CROSS-CHAPTER SUMMARY: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH .........................................................................84 Introduction ......................................................................................................84 Strengths & Limitations ...................................................................................85 Implications for Nursing ..................................................................................87 Opportunities for Future Research ...................................................................90 References ........................................................................................................93
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