DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Migration and Ecosystems: Insights from the Great Lakes Region of East and Central Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Migration and Ecosystems: Insights from the Great Lakes Region of East and Central Africa Human Migration and Ecosystems: Insights from the Great Lakes Region of East and Central Africa © 2014 The International Institute for Sustainable Development Angie Dazé Alec Crawford JANUARY 2016 © 2016 The International Institute for Sustainable Development Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Head Office The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) is 111 Lombard Avenue, Suite 325 one of the world’s leading centres of research and innovation. The Winnipeg, Manitoba Institute provides practical solutions to the growing challenges and Canada R3B 0T4 opportunities of integrating environmental and social priorities with Tel: +1 (204) 958-7700 economic development. We report on international negotiations and Fax: +1 (204) 958-7710 share knowledge gained through collaborative projects, resulting in more Website: www.iisd.org rigorous research, stronger global networks, and better engagement Twitter: @IISD_news among researchers, citizens, businesses and policy-makers. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c) Geneva Office (3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support International Environment House 2 from the Government of Canada, provided through the International 9 chemin de Balexert Development Research Centre (IDRC) and from the Province of 1219 Châtelaine Manitoba. The Institute receives project funding from numerous Geneva, Switzerland governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, foundations, the private sector, and individuals. Tel: +41 22 917-8683 Fax: +41 22 917-8054 Cover photo credit: Alec Crawford Human Migration and Ecosystems: Insights from the Great Lakes Region of East and Central Africa January 2016 Angie Dazé and Alec Crawford © 2014 The International Institute for Sustainable Development ii IISD REPORT JANUARY 2016 HUMAN MIGRATION AND ECOSYSTEMS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Drivers and Impacts of Human Migration ........................................................................... 2 3.0 Migration in the Great Lakes Region ................................................................................... 4 4.0 The Case Studies ................................................................................................................. 6 Uganda: The Lake Albert Ecosystem ................................................................................... 7 Ethiopia: The Bale Mountains Ecosystem ............................................................................ 8 DRC: The Misotshi–Kabogo Ecosystem .............................................................................. 9 5.0 Analysis............................................................................................................................. 11 6.0 Recommendations for Conservation Practitioners .............................................................. 12 7.0 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 14 8.0 References ....................................................................................................................... 15 ACRONYMS BFE Bale Forest Enterprise BMNP Bale Mountains National Park BMU Beach Management Unit CBO Community-Based Organization DFR Department of Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries, Uganda DRC Democratic Republic of Congo ICCN Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature ICGLR International Conference on the Great Lakes Region IDMC Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre IDP Internally Displaced Person IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development ILO International Labour Organization IOM International Organization for Migration UNHCR United Nations Refugee Agency USDS United States Department of State WCS Wildlife Conservation Society © 2014 The International Institute for Sustainable Development iii IISD REPORT JANUARY 2016 HUMAN MIGRATION AND ECOSYSTEMS 1.0 INTRODUCTION For centuries, people in east and central Africa To achieve these objectives, the project carried have used migration as a strategy to respond to out research at three case study sites: the Bale shocks, sustain livelihoods and adapt to changes Mountains ecosystem in southern Ethiopia,1 in their environment. The drivers of migration the Misotshi–Kabogo ecosystem in the eastern are varied, ranging from the traditional seasonal Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and migration practised by livestock herders to the the Lake Albert ecosystem in Buliisa District in crisis-driven migration of those fleeing political northwest Uganda. The research was carried out persecution and conflict. Environmental through a mix of desk research, site visits and on- degradation is both a cause and a consequence the-ground surveys. The International Institute of migration, making it difficult for people to for Sustainable Development (IISD) conducted sustain their livelihoods in their communities the research in partnership with the Conservation of origin and exacerbating natural resource Development Centre, the Wildlife Conservation management challenges at their destinations. In Society and the Frankfurt Zoological Society, the Great Lakes region of Africa, these dynamics with the generous support of the MacArthur are increasingly complicated, with the drivers Foundation. and impacts of migration increasing in both scale and complexity. Beyond the direct impacts The purpose of this document is to synthesize of migration on the local environment, there learning from the three case studies and provide is a risk that the growing socio-environmental analysis and recommendations for addressing the impacts of migration may incubate or reinforce impacts of human migration on ecosystems. It is existing social tensions and institutional failures, intended for conservation practitioners working in turn further threatening the region’s critical in areas under pressure from migration, as well as ecosystems and the livelihoods these ecosystems development practitioners interested in gaining a support. better understanding of migration-conservation links. Conservation actors, including both policy- makers and practitioners, are not fully aware of the dynamics of migration and the potential impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity. The Migration and Conservation in the Great Lakes Region project attempted to address this gap by: (a) developing a methodology to better understand the drivers and impacts of migration on livelihoods, natural resources, ecosystems and biodiversity; (b) developing recommendations for policy-makers and practitioners working on these issues; and (c) developing a toolkit for conservation practitioners to help them design and implement conservation interventions that are sensitive to the existing and potential impacts of human migration on critical ecosystems. 1 Although Ethiopia is not typically considered to be part of the Great Lakes region, the MacArthur Foundation’s definition of the region includes the southern part of the country – see Section 3. © 2014 The International Institute for Sustainable Development 1 IISD REPORT JANUARY 2016 HUMAN MIGRATION AND ECOSYSTEMS 2.0 DRIVERS AND IMPACTS OF HUMAN MIGRATION In December 2014, the International natural disasters, environmental degradation or Organization for Migration (IOM) estimated the decreasing availability of important resources that international migrants, those people such as water and agricultural or grazing land who have left their home to settle in another (Oglethorpe et al., 2007). Migration decisions are country, represented 3.2 per cent of the world’s also influenced by the agency of the individual or population, or approximately 232 million people. household, which is “shaped by people’s social In addition, there are an estimated 740 million position in terms of gender, generation, class, internal migrants, who have moved within ethnicity and other social cleavages” (Van Hear, their own countries (IOM, 2014). Given the Bakewell & Long, 2012, p. 11). difficulties in accurately tracking migration, these numbers are likely underestimates. Among the Where migrants settle is often determined by international migrants, the number of South- “pull factors” that make a particular country or South migrants slightly exceeds the number of community an attractive option for those seeking people migrating from South to North. At the safety and security, new opportunities or a fresh end of 2014, almost 60 million people had been start. The availability of resources such as land, forcibly displaced, including 19.5 million refugees water and forests, employment opportunities, (86 per cent of which were hosted in developing and access to markets are often key factors, as countries), 33 million internally displaced people these are critical for initiating and sustaining and 1.8 million asylum seekers (UNHCR, 2015). livelihoods in the destination community. Other Among the internally displaced, approximately factors include safety and security, access to 19 million were displaced by natural disasters, services, and family or social connections. with 91 percent of them fleeing weather-related Depending on the context, migration may be hazards (IDMC, 2015). Given the dynamic temporary (for example, seasonal movements nature
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "A Revision of the Freshwater Crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa."
    Northern Michigan University NMU Commons Journal Articles FacWorks 2011 "A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa." Neil Cumberlidge Northern Michigan University Kirstin S. Meyer Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.nmu.edu/facwork_journalarticles Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Cumberlidge, Neil and Meyer, Kirstin S., " "A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa." " (2011). Journal Articles. 30. https://commons.nmu.edu/facwork_journalarticles/30 This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the FacWorks at NMU Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of NMU Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. This article was downloaded by: [Cumberlidge, Neil] On: 16 June 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 938476138] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Natural History Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713192031 The freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamonautidae) Neil Cumberlidgea; Kirstin S. Meyera a Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, Michigan, USA Online publication date: 08 June 2011 To cite this Article Cumberlidge, Neil and Meyer, Kirstin S.(2011) 'The freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamonautidae)', Journal of Natural History, 45: 29, 1835 — 1857 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2011.562618 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2011.562618 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • Climatic Effects on Lake Basins. Part I: Modeling Tropical Lake Levels
    15 JUNE 2011 R I C K O E T A L . 2983 Climatic Effects on Lake Basins. Part I: Modeling Tropical Lake Levels MARTINA RICKO AND JAMES A. CARTON Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland CHARON BIRKETT Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland (Manuscript received 28 December 2009, in final form 9 December 2010) ABSTRACT The availability of satellite estimates of rainfall and lake levels offers exciting new opportunities to estimate the hydrologic properties of lake systems. Combined with simple basin models, connections to climatic variations can then be explored with a focus on a future ability to predict changes in storage volume for water resources or natural hazards concerns. This study examines the capability of a simple basin model to estimate variations in water level for 12 tropical lakes and reservoirs during a 16-yr remotely sensed observation period (1992–2007). The model is constructed with two empirical parameters: effective catchment to lake area ratio and time delay between freshwater flux and lake level response. Rainfall datasets, one reanalysis and two satellite-based observational products, and two radar-altimetry-derived lake level datasets are explored and cross checked. Good agreement is observed between the two lake level datasets with the lowest correlations occurring for the two small lakes Kainji and Tana (0.87 and 0.89). Fitting observations to the simple basin model provides a set of delay times between rainfall and level rise ranging up to 105 days and effective catchment to lake ratios ranging between 2 and 27.
    [Show full text]
  • Living Lakes Goals 2019 - 2024 Achievements 2012 - 2018
    Living Lakes Goals 2019 - 2024 Achievements 2012 - 2018 We save the lakes of the world! 1 Living Lakes Goals 2019-2024 | Achievements 2012-2018 Global Nature Fund (GNF) International Foundation for Environment and Nature Fritz-Reichle-Ring 4 78315 Radolfzell, Germany Phone : +49 (0)7732 99 95-0 Editor in charge : Udo Gattenlöhner Fax : +49 (0)7732 99 95-88 Coordination : David Marchetti, Daniel Natzschka, Bettina Schmidt E-Mail : [email protected] Text : Living Lakes members, Thomas Schaefer Visit us : www.globalnature.org Graphic Design : Didem Senturk Photographs : GNF-Archive, Living Lakes members; Jose Carlo Quintos, SCPW (Page 56) Cover photo : Udo Gattenlöhner, Lake Tota-Colombia 2 Living Lakes Goals 2019-2024 | Achievements 2012-2018 AMERICAS AFRICA Living Lakes Canada; Canada ........................................12 Lake Nokoué, Benin .................................................... 38 Columbia River Wetlands; Canada .................................13 Lake Ossa, Cameroon ..................................................39 Lake Chapala; Mexico ..................................................14 Lake Victoria; Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda ........................40 Ignacio Allende Reservoir, Mexico ................................15 Bujagali Falls; Uganda .................................................41 Lake Zapotlán, Mexico .................................................16 I. Lake Kivu; Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda 42 Laguna de Fúquene; Colombia .....................................17 II. Lake Kivu; Democratic
    [Show full text]
  • Flamingo Newsletter 17, 2009
    ABOUT THE GROUP The Flamingo Specialist Group (FSG) is a global network of flamingo specialists (both scientists and non-scientists) concerned with the study, monitoring, management and conservation of the world’s six flamingo species populations. Its role is to actively promote flamingo research, conservation and education worldwide by encouraging information exchange and cooperation among these specialists, and with other relevant organisations, particularly the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS), the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA), and BirdLife International. The group is coordinated from the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, UK, as part of the IUCN-SSC/Wetlands International Waterbird Network. FSG members include experts in both in-situ (wild) and ex-situ (captive) flamingo conservation, as well as in fields ranging from research surveys to breeding biology, infectious diseases, toxicology, movement tracking and data management. There are currently 286 members representing 206 organisations around the world, from India to Chile, and from France to South Africa. Further information about the FSG, its membership, the membership list serve, or this bulletin can be obtained from Brooks Childress at the address below. Chair Dr. Brooks Childress Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Glos. GL2 7BT, UK Tel: +44 (0)1453 860437 Fax: +44 (0)1453 860437 [email protected] Eastern Hemisphere Chair Western Hemisphere Chair Dr. Arnaud Béchet Dr. Felicity Arengo Station biologique, Tour du Valat American Museum of Natural History Le Sambuc Central Park West at 79th Street 13200 Arles, France New York, NY 10024 USA Tel : +33 (0) 4 90 97 20 13 Tel: +1 212 313-7076 Fax : +33 (0) 4 90 97 20 19 Fax: +1 212 769-5292 [email protected] [email protected] Citation: Childress, B., Arengo, F.
    [Show full text]
  • The Itombwe Massif, Democratic Republic of Congo: Biological Surveys and Conservation, with an Emphasis on Grauer's Gorilla and Birds Endemic to the Albertine Rift
    Oryx Voi 33 No 4 October -.939 The Itombwe Massif, Democratic Republic of Congo: biological surveys and conservation, with an emphasis on Grauer's gorilla and birds endemic to the Albertine Rift llambu Omari, John A. Hart, Thomas M. Butynski, N. R. Birhashirwa, Agenonga Upoki, Yuma M'Keyo, Faustin Bengana, Mugunda Bashonga and Norbert Bagurubumwe Abstract In 1996, the first major biological surveys in species were recorded during the surveys, including the the Itombwe Massif in over 30 years revealed that sig- Congo bay owl Phodilus prigoginei, which was previously nificant areas of natural habitat and remnant faunal known from a single specimen collected in Itombwe populations remain, but that these are subject to ongo- nearly 50 years ago. No part of Itombwe is officially ing degradation and over-exploitation. At least 10 areas protected and conservation initiatives are needed ur- of gorilla Gorilla gorilla graueri occurrence, including gently. Given the remoteness and continuing political eight of 17 areas identified during the first survey of the instability of the region, conservation initiatives must species in the massif in 1959, were found. Seventy-nine collaborate with traditional authorities based in the gorilla nest sites were recorded and at least 860 gorillas massif, and should focus at the outset on protecting the were estimated to occupy the massif. Fifty-six species of gorillas and limiting further degradation of key areas. mammals were recorded. Itombwe supports the highest representation, of any area, of bird species endemic to Keywords Afromontane forests, Albertine Rift, Demo- the Albertine Rift highlands. Twenty-two of these cratic Republic of Congo, endemic avifauna, gorillas.
    [Show full text]
  • Albertine Rift Nov04
    africa & madagascar "meeting the challenge" Albertine Rift Montane Forests Ecoregion Programme 1. Background Duration: The Albertine Rift Montane Forests Ecoregion is an area of Current phase is 5 exceptional faunal and floral endemism. These afromontane years, from 2001 to forests also support many endangered species such as the 2005. Mountain and Eastern Lowland gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei and G. b. graueri ), which are among the most charismatic Funding Status: flagship species in Africa, and an effective target for much of the Partly funded by WWF- current conservation investment in the area. DK and SE (25%); the remaining is yet to be The mountain chain comprising the Albertine Rift straddles the funded (currently borders of five different nations: Democratic Republic of Congo covered through Direct (over 70% of the Ecoregion), Uganda (20%), Rwanda (6%), Burundi Cost Recovery). (3%) and Tanzania (1%). Executing Agency: The Albertine Rift has been identified by all key international WWF Eastern Africa conservation NGOs as a top priority area for biodiversity Regional Programme conservation in Africa and the Ecoregion is a priority Ecoregion for Office (WWF EARPO). WWF-International. 2. Goal and Objectives The Goal of the Albertine Rift Ecoregion Programme is to ensure the long-term conservation of the Albertine Rift Montane Forests and other important interconnected ecosystems. The objectives are: ? To develop a strategic framework for conservation efforts in the ecoregion with a wide variety of stakeholders ? To implement and co-ordinate a set of comprehensive and inter-related field projects in the Albertine Rift ? To support national authorities in the planning and management of protected areas and buffer zones 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Virunga Landscape
    23. Virunga Landscape Th e Landscape in brief Coordinates: 1°1’29’’N – 1°44’21’’S – 28°56’11’’E – 30°5’2’’E. Area: 15,155 km2 Elevation: 680–5,119 m Terrestrial ecoregions: Ecoregion of the Afroalpine barrens of Ruwenzori-Virunga Ecoregion of the Afromontane forests of the Albertine Rift Ecoregion of the forest-savannah mosaic of Lake Victoria Aquatic ecoregions: Mountains of the Albertine Rift Lakes Kivu, Edward, George and Victoria Protected areas: Virunga National Park, DRC, 772,700 ha, 1925 Volcans National Park, Rwanda, 16,000 ha, 1925 Rutshuru Hunting Domain, 64,200 ha, 1946 added Bwindi-Impenetrable National Park situ- ated a short distance away from the volcanoes in southwest Uganda. Th is complex functions as a single ecosystem and many animals move across the borders, which permits restoration of the populations1. Physical environment Relief and altitude Th e Landscape is focused on the central trough of the Albertine Rift, occupied by Lake Figure 23.1. Map of Virunga Landscape (Sources: CARPE, Edward (916 m, 2,240 km²), and vast plains DFGFI, JRC, SRTM, WWF-EARPO). at an altitude of between 680 and 1,450 m. Its western edge stretches along the eastern bluff of Location and area the Mitumba Mountain Range forming the west- ern ridge of the rift. In the northeast, it includes he Virunga Landscape covers 15,155 km² the western bluff of the Ruwenzori horst (fault Tand includes two contiguous national parks, block) with its active glaciers, whose peak reaches Virunga National Park in DRC and Volcans a height of 5,119 m and whose very steep relief National Park in Rwanda, the Rutshuru Hunting comprises numerous old glacial valleys (Figure Zone and a 10 km-wide strip at the edge of the 23.2).
    [Show full text]
  • The Tragedy of Goma Most Spectacular Manifestation of This Process Is Africa’S Lori Dengler/For the Times-Standard Great Rift Valley
    concentrate heat flowing from deeper parts of the earth like a thicK BlanKet. The heat eventually causes the plate to bulge and stretch. As the plate thins, fissures form allowing vents for hydrothermal and volcanic activity. The Not My Fault: The tragedy of Goma most spectacular manifestation of this process is Africa’s Lori Dengler/For the Times-Standard Great Rift Valley. Posted June 6, 2021 https://www.times-standard.com/2021/06/06/lori- In Africa, we are witnessing the Birth of a new plate dengler-the-tragedy-of-goma/ boundary. Extensional stresses from the thinning crust aren’t uniform. The result is a number of fissures and tears On May 22nd Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic oriented roughly north south. The rifting began in the Afar RepuBlic of the Congo (DRC) erupted. Lava flowed towards region of northern Ethiopia around 30 million years ago the city of Goma, nine miles to the south. Goma, a city of and has slowly propagated to the south at a rate of a few 670,000 people, is located on the north shore of Lake Kivu inches per year and has now reached MozamBique. In the and adjacent to the Rwanda border. Not all of the details coming millennia, the rifts will continue to grow, eventually are completely clear, but the current damage tally is 32 splitting Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and much of deaths, 1000 homes destroyed, and nearly 500,000 people Mozambique into a new small continent, much liKe how displaced. Madagascar Began to Be detached from the main African continent roughly 160 million years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • International Gorilla Conservation Programme Greater Virunga Transboundary Collaboration
    International Gorilla Conservation Programme Greater Virunga Transboundary Collaboration Anna Behm Masozera Email: [email protected] Phone: +250 782332280 (voice messages can be left at +1 802 999 4958) www.greatervirunga.org www.igcp.org Central Albertine Rift: Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda. Size: Mountain gorilla habitat = 796.4 km2 Protected Areas in the Greater Virunga Landscape = 11,826.7 km2 Page 1 of 6 Participants in coordinating the ongoing transboundary cooperation: National Government: • Ministry of Environment Nature Conservation, and Tourism (DRC) • Ministry of Trade and Industry (Rwanda) • Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities (Uganda) Local Government: • North Kivu Province and Orientale Province (DRC) • many Districts (Uganda and Rwanda) Protected area administration: • Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (DRC) • Rwanda Development Board (Rwanda) • Uganda Wildlife Authority (Uganda) International NGOs: • Wildlife Conservation Society • WWF • International Gorilla Conservation Programme (coalition of Fauna & Flora International and WWF) • Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project/Gorilla Doctors, • Diane Fossey Gorilla Fund International Objectives: 1) To promote and coordinate conservation of biodiversity and related socio-cultural values within the Greater Virunga protected area network; 2) To develop strategies for collaborative management of biodiversity; 3) To promote and ensure coordinated planning, monitoring, and evaluation of implementation of transboundary conservation and development
    [Show full text]
  • Species Diversity of Pelagic Algae in Lake Kivu (East Africa)
    Cryptogamie,Algol., 2007, 28 (3): 245-269 © 2007 Adac. Tous droits réservés Species diversity of pelagic algae in Lake Kivu (East Africa) Hugo SARMENTO a,b*, MariaLEITAO b , MayaSTOYNEVA c , PierreCOMPÈRE d ,Alain COUTÉ e ,MwapuISUMBISHO a,f &Jean-PierreDESCY a a Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology, URBO, Department of Biology, University of Namur,B-5000 Namur,Belgium b Bi-Eau,F-4900 Angers,France c Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria d Jardin Botanique National de Belgique,B-1860 Meise,Belgium e Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris,Département RDDM, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier,F-75231 Paris Cedex 05,France f Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Bukavu, UERHA, Bukavu,D. R. of Congo (Received 24 April 2006, accepted 29 August 2006) Abstract – With regard to pelagic algae, Lake Kivu is the least known among the East- African Great Lakes. The data available on its phytoplanktic communities are limited, dispersed or outdated. This study presents floristic data obtained from the first long term monitoring survey ever made in Lake Kivu (over two and a half years). Samples were collected twice a month from the southern basin, and twice a year (once in each season) from the northern, eastern and western basins. In open lake habitats, the four basins presented similar species composition. The most common species were the pennate diatoms Nitzschia bacata Hust. and Fragilaria danica (Kütz.) Lange-Bert., and the cyanobacteria Planktolyngbya limnetica Lemm. and Synechococcus sp. The centric diatom Urosolenia sp. and the cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. were also very abundant, mostly near the surface under daily stratification conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Isotopic Reconstruction of the African Humid Period and Congo Air Boundary Migration at Lake Tana, Ethiopia
    Quaternary Science Reviews 83 (2014) 58e67 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Isotopic reconstruction of the African Humid Period and Congo Air Boundary migration at Lake Tana, Ethiopia Kassandra Costa a,c,*, James Russell a,*, Bronwen Konecky a,d, Henry Lamb b a Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA b Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, UK c Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA d School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0340, USA article info abstract Article history: The African Humid Period of the early to mid-Holocene (12,000e5000 years ago) had dramatic ecological Received 7 June 2013 and societal consequences, including the expansion of vegetation and civilization into the “green Sahara.” Received in revised form While the humid period itself is well documented throughout northern and equatorial Africa, mecha- 9 October 2013 nisms behind observed regional variability in the timing and magnitude of the humid period remain Accepted 28 October 2013 disputed. This paper presents a new hydrogen isotope record from leaf waxes (dD ) in a 15,000-year Available online wax sediment core from Lake Tana, Ethiopia (12N, 37E) to provide insight into the timing, duration, and intensity of the African Humid Period over northeastern Africa. dDwax at Lake Tana ranges between Keywords: À & À & Tropical paleoclimate 80 and 170 , with an abrupt transition from D-enriched to D-depleted waxes between 13,000 e e East Africa 11,500 years before present (13 11.5 ka).
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Regional Information Base for Lake Tanganyika Research
    RESEARCH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES ON LAKE GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/Ol(En) TANGANYIKA GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/01 (En) January 1992 TOWARDS A REGIONAL INFORMATION BASE FOR LAKE TANGANYIKA RESEARCH by J. Eric Reynolds FINNISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bujumbura, January 1992 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other reports in the Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika Project series are those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the Project. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or FINNIDA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. PREFACE The Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika project (Tanganyika Research) became fully operational in January 1992. It is executed by the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Finnish International Development Agency (FINNIDA). This project aims at the determination of the biological basis for fish production on Lake Tanganyika, in order to permit the formulation of a coherent lake-wide fisheries management policy for the four riparian States (Burundi, Tanzania, Zaïre and Zambia). Particular attention will be also given to the reinforcement of the skills and physical facilities of the fisheries research units in all four beneficiary countries as well as to the buildup of effective coordination mechanisms to ensure full collaboration between the Governments concerned.
    [Show full text]