Zootaxa 3613 (2): 146–164 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3613.2.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EB206F40-511F-4C56-9E9C-D73049773A30 A review of the Chinese species of the genus Picromerus Amyot and Serville, with description of a new species (: Heteroptera: : )

QING ZHAO, GUOQING LIU & WENJUN BU1 Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, 1Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Six species of the genus Picromerus Amyot and Serville from China were reported, in which, Picromerus elevatus sp. nov. from Yunnan province, was described as new to science. Drawings and photographs of genital characters, photo- graphs of imagoes in dorsal and ventral views, and some diagnostic characters were provided, together with a detailed key to the six species occurring in China. The type specimens were deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Nankai Univer- sity, Tianjin, China, except noted.

Key words: Heteroptera, Asopinae, Picromerus, new species, review, China

Introduction

Picromerus is a well-known genus of the predaceous subfamily Asopinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with most of the included species occurring in the Palaearctic Region, some extending to Oriental Region. The genus was erected by Amyot and Serville (1843). Prior to this study, ten species of Picromerus have been recorded worldwide, of which five species occurring in China (Zhang and Lin 2000; Rider and Zheng 2002). The present paper deals with the six species of this genus from China. Picromerus elevatus sp. nov. was described as new, and new distributional information on other species was reported. The imagoes of six species, lateral view of two species, some diagnostic characters, pygophore and paramere of male terminalia were photographed, and detailed keys were provided. The drawings and photos of male terminalia of four of six species were provided for the first time, except that of P. bidens and P. le wi s i by Josifov and Kerzhner (1978) and Nonnaizab et al. (1988). During the study, we found that the pronotal humeral angles of P. le wis i were various (Figs. 20–22), from sharp to obtuse, bifurcate to unbifurcate. But in other species, the pronotal humeral angles were stable.

Material and methods

Male terminalia were illustrated after treatment with warm 5% NaOH for about 20 min, while female genitalia were illustrated directly. Photographs of imagoes in both dorsal and ventral views were made using a Nikon SMZ1000 microscope equipped with a computer-controlled SPOT RT digital camera and Helicon software. Photographs of male terminalia were made using an OLYMPUS BX53 microscope equipped with a computer- controlled Canon OLYMPUS DP72 digital camera and Cell sens Standard software. All the examined specimens were deposited in the Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, except noted. The distributional data were referred to Rider and Zheng (2002) and Hsiao et al. (1977). The terminology of aedeagus follows Gapon (2006).

146 Accepted by D Rider: 19 Dec. 2012; published: 8 Feb. 2013 The examined specimens were from five institutes of China, including Nankai University, we mentioned that in the section of specimen examined in the abbreviation form of these institutes. Their abbreviations are as follows:

HBUM Hebei University Museum, China JXAU Jiangxi Agriculture University, China SEM Shanghai Entomological Museum, China IOZ Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Taxonomy

Genus Picromerus Amyot and Serville, 1843

Picromerus Amyot and Serville, 1843: 84. Type species by monotypy: Cimex bidens Linnaeus, 1758. Dallas,1851: 76; Fieber, 1861: 349; Distant, 1902: 251; Schouteden, 1907: 24; Stichel, 1962: 768; Ahmad et al., 1974: 36; Gapud, 1981: 516; Hsiao et al., 1977: 327; Ahmad, 1990: 75; Thomas, 1994: 191; Péricart, 2010: 210. Cimex subgenus Picromerus Stål, 1867: 497.

Diagnosis. Body medium size, somber. Paraclypei subequal to clypeus, not convergent apically. Rostrum robust, the apex passing mesocoxae. Antennomere segment I not reaching apex of head, the second longest, the third and fourth segment subequal. Pronotum with anterolateral margins coarsely dentate, humeral angle sharp or obtuse angulated, bifurcate or unbifurcate. Scutellum without gibbosity. Mesosternum carinate mesially. Metasternum slightly carinate in the middle. Auricle of ostiolar peritreme extending half way to the metapleural margin. Profemur with a small spine subapically, protibia not dilated. Tarsus 3-segmented. The second abdominal sternum with basal spine or not. Males with or without glandular patches on abdominal venter. Male terminalia. Pygophore cup-like, wider than long, lateroposterior angle short and rounded; dorsoposterior rim concave, medial notch situated below its ventroposterior rim, with sparse setae and two parandria; ventroposterior rim sinuated, with a medial notch and dense long setae, in ventral view, the venter decorated with deep punctures, and a concave situated at the center of subapex of venter, with some long setae. Paramere wide in basal part, with an inner branch; apex of paramere narrow and hooked; the inner branch short and obtuse, directed lateroposteriorly. Aedeagus with an apical conjunctival lobe, bifurcate apically or not, and with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, each with two branches or not. Median penial plates strongly sclerotized, united in base. Vesica obvious or not. Female genitalia. First gonocoxites large, plate-like, posterior margins straight or slightly sinuate. Sternite ten large but not passing beyond fused eighth paratergites and slightly concave in posterior margin. The eighth paratergite subtriangular. Apices of ninth paratergites as long as those of eighth paratergites.

Key to the species of Picromerus Amyot and Serville from China

1 Pronotal humeral angle sharp angulated, with a subapical prominence or tooth and same color as the pronotal disc...... 2 - Pronotal humeral angle obtuse angulated, without a subapical prominence or tooth, color different from disc ...... 5 2 Connexivum entirely black; the apex of humeral angle with an obvious tooth (Fig. 23); body dorsum black, hardly with yellow spots; membrane passing the end of abdomen slightly; aedeagus with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, proximal branch small, short, membranous; distal branch long, narrow, with sclerotized apex; apical conjunctival lobe short and bifur- cate, stretch out from apical part of theca (Fig. 59) ...... P. griseus - Connexivum black and yellow, humeral angle slightly bifurcate, posterior branch only a prominence (e.g. Fig. 24)...... 3 3 The anterolateral margin of pronotum with a broad yellow-white margin, anterior branch of pronotal humeral angle very long and the apex slightly curved (Fig. 24); head above and beneath, anterolateral pronotal submargin, incisures of connexivum and ventral surface of pronotal humeral angles, lateral area of sternum more or less marked with metallic-green shades ...... P. viridipunctatus - The anterolateral margin of pronotum without such broad yellow-white margin, nearly same color with other part of pronotum ...... 4 4 Buccula relatively narrow, outer margin straight, with 2–3 rows of punctures (Fig. 13, arrow noted); lateral sides of the ventral abdomen evenly scattered with finely black spots, not formed into black belts (Fig. 15); paramere slim and long, apex hooked and sharp(Figs. 37, 52); aedeagus with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, proximal branch small, short, membranous;

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 147 distal branch long, narrow and with sclerotized apex; apical conjunctival lobe long, bifurcate (Fig. 57) ...... P. bidens - Buccula relatively broad, outer margin curved, with 4–6 rows of punctures (Fig. 14, as arrow noted); lateral sides of the ventral abdomen with series of black spots, sometimes formed into black belts (Fig. 16,); paramere wide in basal part, apex hooked and digitiform (Fig. 38, 53); aedeagus with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, proximal branch small, semicircled; dis- tal branch long, narrow and with sclerotized apex; apical conjunctival lobe long and bifurcate, stretch out from apical part of theca obviously (Fig. 58)...... P. lewisi 5 Head black, center with a broad mesial yellow-brown band, including clypeus and vertex, continuing to base of head; antero- lateral pronotal margins thick, with sparse, obtuse tooth; the calli outlined in black, with some black irregular short band radi- ating backward; dorsal surface of body intumescent, not flat (Fig. 17); humeral angles black, shortly porrect (Fig. 25) ...... P. fasciaticeps - Head yellowish uniformly; anterolateral pronotal margins relatively thin and with small obtuse teeth; the back margin of calli outlined in black unclearly; dorsal surface of body flat, not intumescent (Fig. 18); humeral angles elevated, pale and long (Fig. 26) ...... P. elevatus sp. nov.

Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs. 1, 2, 13, 15, 19, 27, 32, 37, 42, 47, 52, 57, 62

Cimex bidens Linnaeus, 1758: 443. Cimex bilobus Schrank, 1781: 268. (syn. Schrank, 1782: 277) Picromerus fuscoannulatus Stål, 1858: 176. (syn. Kerzhner, 1964: 367) Picromerus longicollis Jakovlev, 1902: 335. (syn. Kerzhner, 1964:367, with fuscoannulatus)

Male terminalia: Pygophore (Figs. 27, 32, 42, 47) with dorsoposterior rim a little concave medially, parandria oblong, ventroposterior rim smooth and a little convex, with a medial notch and long setae, lateroposterior angle round and lower than the notch bottom. Paramere (Figs. 37, 52) slim and long, apex hooked and sharp, outer margin arched and thickened; inner branch slim, digitiform, outer margin straight; concavity nearly semicircled. Aedeagus (Figs. 57, 62) with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, each divided into two branches: proximal one and distal one. Proximal branch small, short, membranous; distal branch long, narrow and with sclerotized apex. Apical conjunctival lobe long, bifurcate. Median penial plates strongly sclerotized, united in base. Vesica distinctly stretched from the venter of median penial plates. Measurements (in mm). Body length 11.0–15.0; length of head 2.4–2.8, width across eyes 2.4–2.8, interocular distance 1.4–1.6; length of antennomeres (I) 0.3–0.4: (II) 1.5–1.8: (III) 1.4–1.8: (IV) 1.9–2.1: (V) 1.7–1.9; median length of pronotum 2.6–2.5, humeral width 6.4–9.1; length of scutellum 3.5–4.8, width of scutellum 3.0–4.1. Specimen examined. CHINA: : 3 females 1 male, Boli County (45.76N, 130.59E), 27. VII. 1980, Wang leg.; 1 female 1 male, same data as above except collector, Leyi Zheng leg.; 1 male, Mao’er Mt. (39.08N, 117.20E), City, 16. VIII. 1957, collector unknown; 1 female, same place as above, 6. VII. 1994, collector unknown; 1 male, Jingbohu (45.28N, 127.518E), Ning’an City, 23. VII. 2003, Weibing Zhu leg.; 2 males, same place as above, 1. VIII. 2003, Ying Tian leg.; 1 male, same data as above, except collect date 9. VIII. 2003; 1 male, same place as above, 5. VIII. 2003, Jianhua Ding leg.; 1 male, same data as above except collector, Weibing Zhu leg.; 2 females 2 males, same data as above except collect date, 11. VIII. 2003, collector unknown; 3 males, same place as above, 13.VIII. 2003, Xiaoming Li leg.; 1 male, same data as above except collector, Jianhua Ding leg.; 1 female 2 males, same data as above except collector, Ying Tian leg.; 1 female, same place as above, 14. VIII. 2003, Xiaoming Li leg.; 1 female, same place as above, 10. VIII. 2003, Wenjun Bu and Jun Li leg.; 1 male, Weihu Mt. (44.83N, 129.15E), Hengdaohezi Village, City, City, 29. VII. 2003, Xin Yu leg.; 3 females 1 male, Xiaobeihu Forest Farm (44.83N, 129.153E), Ning’an City, 4. VIII. 2003, Weibing Zhu leg.; 1 female, same data as above except collector, Xiaoming Li leg.; 1 female, same data as above except collect date, 5. VIII. 2003 leg.; 1 female, the same place as above, 4. VIII. 2003, Ying Tian leg.; 1 female, Wuying National Forest Park (48.24N, 129.21E), Yichun City, 23. VII. 1978, collector unknown; 1 female, City (46.80N, 130.32E), 15. V. 1957, collector unknown; 1 female, Pubu Village (44.90N, 127.81E), Ning’ an City, 7. VIII. 2003, Yunling Ke leg.; 1 female, same data as above, except collector, Weibing Zhu leg.; 1 male, same place as above, 11. VIII. 2003, Yunling Ke leg.; : 1 female, 1 male, Yaobazigou (38.59N, 105.65E), alt. 2080m, Alxa Meng Helanshan Nature Reserve, 11. VIII. 2010, Haixin Tang leg.; 1 male, same place as above, 5. VIII. 2003, Jianhua Ding leg.; 1 male, Mochi North Temple (39.01N, 106.05E), alt. 2069m, Alxa Meng Helanshan Nature Reserve, 13. VIII. 2010, Ying Cui leg.; 1 female 2 males, same data as above except collector, Haixin Tang leg.; 1 female, 1

148 · Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. male, Xuelingzi (38.71N, 105.83E), alt. 2325m, Alxa Meng Helanshan Nature Reserve, 11. VIII. 2010, Ying Cui leg.; 1 female 1 male, Hailar City (49.23N, 119.73E), 9. VIII. 1981, Shuzhi Ren leg.; 1 female 1 male, same data as above except collector, Leyi Zheng leg.; 1 female, same place as above, 1. VIII. 1981, Huanguang Zou leg.; 1 female, Qiqiling County (51.7N, 124.2E), 16. VIII. 1981, Huanguang Zou leg.; 1 female, Alihe County (51.15N, 123.60E), 14. VIII. 1981, Shuzhi Ren leg.; 1 female, Gulian Forest Farm (52.96N, 122.36E), Mohe County, 9. VII. 1984, collector unknown; 1 female, Dailing County (47.05N, 129.02E), Yichun City, 28. VIII. 1957, collector unknown; 1 female, Langxiang Village (46.95N, 128.87E), City, 22. VIII. 1963, collector unknown. Liaoning: 1 female, Yingkou City (40.68N, 122.23E), 2. X. 1986, Jingke Li leg. Ningxia: 1 male, Xiaokouzi (38.61N, 105.93E), Helanshan, Yinchuan City, 27. VII. 1987, collector unknown. Distribution. Rider and Zheng (2002) provided distributional information in China (Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia). Wide spread Palaearctic species, also introduced to northeastern North American (Thomas, 1992). Remarks. This species is very common in Europe, and extends Canada and America, but only distributed in the north of China, for example Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. The apex of humeral angle sharp, bifurcate or with a small prominence at the posterior of subapex (Fig. 19). Two lateral sides of abdominal venter with evenly shallow punctures, not formed into black belt (Fig. 15), but in P. le wi s i lateral sides with deep black punctures, and formed into black belts (Fig. 16). Rostrum not passing metacoxae. Sternite VII with a big black spot in the center.

Picromerus fasciaticeps Zheng and Liu, 1987 Figs. 9, 10, 17, 25

Picromerus fasciaticeps Zheng and Liu, 1987: 181.

Measurements (in mm). Body length 12.0–13.0; length of head 2.3–2.4, width across eyes 2.4–2.5, interocular distance 1.4–1.5; length of antennomeres (I) 0.3: (II) 1.4: (III) 1.3–1.5: (IV) 1.5: (V) 1.5–1.6; median length of pronotum 3.1–3.2, humeral width 6.6–6.8; length of scutellum 4.0–4.1, width of scutellum 3.7–3.9. Specimen examined. Holotype: CHINA: Yunnan: 1 female, Xincun (26.08N, 103.18E), Dongchuan County, 24. VI. 1980, collector unknown; Paratype: CHINA: Yunnan: 1 female, Heqing County (26.56N, 104.46E), V. 1980, collector unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan). No more specimens have been collected since the original record. Remarks. This species was established based on two female specimens, Zheng and Liu (1987) provided the detailed description. It can be easily distinguished from other congeners: head black, center with a broad longitudinal yellow-white band; anterolateral pronotal with obtuse tooth; dorsal surface of body intumescent and rugulose (Fig. 17); humeral angles porrect, short and black, shortly produced (Fig. 25).

Picromerus griseus (Dallas, 1851) Figs. 5, 6, 23, 29, 34, 39, 44, 49, 54, 59, 64

Canthecona grisea Dallas, 1851: 92. Picromerus obtusus Walker, 1867: 133 (syn. Schouteden, 1907: 25). Picromerus nigrivitta Walker, 1867: 133 (syn. Distant, 1900: 58). Picromerus sundanus Breddin1902: 96 (syn. Thomas, 1994: 192).

Male terminalia. Dorsoposterior rim of pygophore (Figs. 29, 34, 44, 49) concave, with two subtriangular parandria and sparse setae; ventroposterior rim with a medial notch and very long setae, laterally convex, and sinuate lateroposterior angle round and a little higher than the notch bottom Paramere (Figs. 39, 54) wide in basal part, apex hooked and digitiform, outer margin arched and very thickened; inner branch short and obtuse, with outer margin arched; concavity nearly semicircled. Aedeagus (Figs. 59, 64) with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, which divided into two branches: proximal one and distal one. Proximal branch small, short, membranous; distal branch long and narrow, with sclerotized apex. Apical conjunctival lobe long and bifurcate,

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 149 stretch out from apical part of theca. Vesica distinctly stretched from the venter of median penial plates, but not passing the apex of median penial plates. Measurements (in mm). Body length 11.0–15.0; length of head 2.5–2.8, width across eyes 2.4–2.5, interocular distance 1.4–1.6; length of antennomeres (I) 0.3–0.4: (II) 1.7–1.8: (III) 1.3–1.6: (IV): 1.8–2.0: (V) 1.7–1.9; median length of pronotum 2.8–3.2, humeral width 7.6–9.0; length of scutellum 4.0–4.2, width of scutellum 3.7–3.9. Specimen examined: CHINA: Fujian: 1 male, Da’an (27.51N, 119.52E), 26. XI. 1959, Gentao Jin and Yangming Lin leg. (SEM); Guangxi: 1 female, Langping County (24.48N, 106.36E), Tianlin Town, alt. 1200–1400m, 27. V. 2002, Jianwen Liu leg.; 1 male, Bapen Village (22.52N, 107.87E), Fusui County, 17–18. VIII. 2004, Yang Yu and Yibin Ba leg. (HBUM). Guizhou: 1 male, Changming Village (26.34N, 107.19E), Guiding County, alt. 1050m, 9. IX. 2000, Chuanren Li leg.; 1 male, same place as above, 8. IX. 2000, Chuanren Li and Changfa Zhou leg. Hainan: Baisha County (19.23N, 109.45E), 13. III. 1959, Gentao Jin leg. (SEM); Sichuan: 1 male, Baoguosi (29.57N, 103.44E), E’mei Mt., alt. 600m, 25. VI. 1957, Leyi Zheng and Hanhua Cheng leg. Xizang: 2 females, Beibeng Town (29.24N, 95.18E), Medog County, 28. VII. 1977, Jianyi Wu leg. (SEM); 1male, same data as above except collect date, 11. VII. 1979(SEM); Yunnan: 1 female, National Forest Protection Park (25.02N, 98.49E), alt. 1650m, Tengchong County, Baoshan City, 9. VIII. 2006, Cuiqing Gao leg.; 1 female, Lancang River bank (22.58N, 100.57E), alt. 520m, Nuozhadu Village, Simao County, Wenjun Bu leg.; 2 females, Yangbi County (25.69N, 99.96E), Dali City, 21. VIII. 2006, Xu Zhang leg.; 1 female, Ruili Rare Botanical Gardens (24.02N, 97.85E), alt. 1200m, Dehong Daizu Jingpozu Zizhizhou, 31. VII. 2006, Xueqin Shi leg.; 1 male, same data as above except collector Zhonghua Fan leg.; 1 female, same data as above except collect date, 1. VIII. 2006 leg.; 1 female, same place as above, 29. VII. 2006, Zhonghua Fan lighting trap; 1 female, same place as above, 30. VII. 2006, Xu Zhang leg.; 1 male, same place as above, 3. VIII. 2006, Hua Guo leg.; 1 female 1male, Hutiaoxia (27.19N, 100.05E), Zhongdian County, alt. 2050m, 10. VI. 1996, Wenjun Bu leg.; 1 female, Yichang Village (24.60N, 100.68E), Wenlong County, Jingdong County, alt. 1800–2000m, 11. XI. 2001, Weibing Zhu leg.; 1 female, Da Menglong (21.80N, 100.65E), Jinghong City, 30. IX. 1979, Leyi Zheng leg.; 1 female, An’ning City (24.94N, 102.48E), 7. VII. 1988 leg.; 1 female, Shaba Forest Farm (24.96N, 98.559E), Tengchong County, alt. 1800m, 9. VIII. 2006, Hua Guo leg.; 1 male, Cangshan (25.61N, 100.26E), alt. 2050m, Dali City, 21.VIII.2006, Hua Guo leg.; 1 male, Bangmai Village (24.64N, 100.73E), Wenlong County, Jingdong City, alt. 1900m, 10. IX. 2001, Weibing Zhu leg.; 1 male, Pianma Village (26.01N, 98.63E), Lushui County, 9–12, V. 2004, Xiujuan Yang and Yushuang Liu leg.(HBUM). Distribution. Hsiao et al. (1977) provided distributional information in China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan); Bhutan; Bangladesh; Myanmar; Pakistan; Indonesia (Java). This paper added Fujian, Guizhou, Hainan . Remarks. Body of this species dark brown; pronotum without pale vertical midline, the apex of pronotal lateral angle with an obvious tooth (Fig. 23). The yellow spots in basal angles of scutellum not obviously. Connexivum entirely black, rarely with mottled yellow spots. Membrane not surpassing the end of abdomen (Fig. 5).

Picromerus lewisi Scott, 1874 Figs. 3, 4, 14, 16, 20, 21, 22, 28, 33, 38, 43, 48, 53, 58, 63

Picromerus lewisi Scott, 1874: 293. Picromerus angusticeps Jakovlev, 1880: 212 (syn. Josifov and Kerzhner, 1978: 180). Picromerus vicinus Signoret, 1880: 45 (syn. Josifov and Kerzhner, 1978: 180). Picromerus similis Distant, 1883: 421 (syn. Josifov and Kerzhner, 1978: 180).

Male terminalia. Dorsoposterior rim of pygophore (Figs. 28, 33, 43, 48) concave, with two subsquare parandria and sparse setae; ventroposterior rim, with a shallow and wide medial notch, laterally convex and sinuate, lateroposterior angle short and rounded, higher than the notch bottom. Paramere (Figs. 38, 53) short and thick, inner surface with a transverse ridge, outer margin a little straight, apex obtuse and hooked, inner branch short and straight, directed lateroposteriorly. Aedeagus (Figs. 58, 63) with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, which divided into two branches: proximal one and distal one. Proximal branch small, semicircled; distal branch long, narrow and with sclerotized apex. Apical conjunctival lobe long and bifurcate, stretch out from apical part of theca obviously. Vesica distinctly stretched out from the venter of median penial plates.

150 · Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. Measurements (in mm). Body length 11.0–15.0; length of head 2.2–2.6, width across eyes 2.2–2.5, interocular distance 1.2–1.5; length of antennomeres (I) 0.3–0.5: (II) 1.3–2.5: (III) 1.3–1.5: (IV) 1.5–1.7: (V) 1.4–1.6; median length of pronotum 2.5–3.5, humeral width 6.9–9.0; length of scutellum 3.3–4.8, width of scutellum 3.2–4.3. Specimen examined: CHINA: Anhui: 2 females 2 males, Meishan (31.41N, 115.53E), alt. 200m, 24. VII. 1964, Gentao Jin leg. (SEM); Fujian: 1 male, Chong’an, Wuyishan (27.81N, 117.97E), 7. VIII. 1982, Chen Chen leg.; 1 male, Houzhai Village, Dehua Couny (25.740N, 118.15), 15. IX. 2002, Wanliang Zhang leg. Gansu: 1 male, Zhuoni County (34.62N, 103.51E), VIII. 1982, Ze Feng leg. Guangxi: 1 female 1male, Mao’er Mt. (26.06N, 110.40E), alt. 900–1320m, 10. VII. 2009, Kai Dang leg.; 2 females, same data as above, Zhonghua Fan leg.; 3 females, same place as above, 12. VII. 2009, QingZhao leg.; 1 female 3 males, same data as above, Zhonghua Fan leg.; 1 female, same data as above, Xi Sun leg.; 1 male, same place as above, 800–900m, 8. VIII. 2009, Xi Sun leg.; 1 female, same place as above, alt. 420–890m, 6. VII. 2009, Qing Zhao leg.; 1 female, same place as above, alt. 420m, 14. VII. 2009, Kai Dang leg.; 1 female, same place as above, alt. 1000–1200m, 23. VIII. 1992, Leyi Zheng leg.; 1 male, Gaozhai Village, Xing’an County (25.85N, 110.48E), alt. 420m, 13. VII. 2009, Zhonghua Fan leg.; 1 female, Shili Daxiagu (25.85N, 110.48E), Xing’an County, 7. VII. 2009, Qing Zhao leg.; 1 male, Jinshi Village (25.74N, 110.30E), Xing’an County, 1. VII. 2006 leg.; 1 male, Luoxiang Village, Jinxiu County (24.08N, 109.90E), alt. 250m, 9. VI. 1990, Xinzheng Li leg.; 1male, Jiman Village (25.43N, 109.24E), Anchui Town, Rongshui County, alt. 1060–650m, 15. VII. 2004, Xin Yu leg. Guizhou: 3 females, Changming Village (26.34N, 107.19E), Guiding County, alt. 1050m, 8. IX. 2002, Chuanren Li and Changfa Zhou leg.; 1 female, Pingxiang Village (26.44N, 108.28E), Leishan County, alt. 750m, 3. IX. 2005, Dan Ding leg.; 1 female, Maolan National Reserve (25.43N, 107.94E), 22. X. 1998, Zizhong Li leg.; 1 male, Baijin Village, Huishui County (26.10N, 106.82E), alt. 1200m, 12. IX. 2002, Chuanren Li leg.; 1 male, Huguo Temple, Fanjing Mt. (27.84N, 108.77E), alt. 1300m, 4. VIII. 2001, Wenjun Bu leg. Hebei: 1 female, Yangjiaping Forest Farm (40.03N, 115.39E), Zhulu County, 4–12. VII. 2004, collector unknown. Hubei: 1 female, Dajiuhu Wetland Park (31.48N, 109.98E), Shennongjia Forest Farm, 10. VII. 1977, Leyi Zheng leg.; 1 female, the same place as above, 9. VII. 1977, Qiang Mu leg.; 1 female, Zhangjiajie (29.78N, 116.05E), Huangmei County, alt. 550–600m, 21. VII. 1988, collector unknown; 1 female, Shuishanba Village (30.31N, 108.57E), Lichuan City, 23. VIII. 2000, Chuanren Li leg.; 1 male, Lichuan City, 2. VIII. 1999, Huaijun Xue leg.; 1 female 1male, Xingdoushan Natinal Reserve (30.23N, 109.05E), alt. 840–900m, 30. VII. 1997, Chuanren Li leg.; 1 male, Huoshaoping Town (30.51N, 110.73E), alt. 1700m, Changyang County, 28. VIII. 1990, Chuanren Li leg.; 1 male, Houhe National Reserve (30.08N, 110.63E), alt. 1200m, 29. VII. 1990, Chuanren Li leg. Hunan: 1 male, Shunhuang Mt. (26.40N, 111.10E), alt. 500–900m, 27. VII. 2004, Yunling Ke leg. Jiangxi: 1 female, Xingzi County (29.46N, 116.04E), Jiujiang City, 29. VI. 2004, Chunjing Niu leg.; 1 female, Xiaoxidong Forest Farm (26.50N, 114.23E), Jinggangshan City, 24. VII. 2002, Huaijun Xue leg.; 1 male, Jiulianshan Forest Farm (24.61N, 114.51E), Shangwei Village, Ganzhou City, 14. VII. 2002, Wanliang Zhang and Jianhua Ding leg.; 1 female, Huangbai Village (25.96N, 116.01E), Ruijin City, 25. VII. 2004, Xiaoming Li leg.; 1 female, Meiling Village (28.79N, 115.75E), Nanchang City, alt. 500m, collector unknown(JXAU); 1 female, Lushan (29.48N, 115.94E), 16. VII. 1957, Songhe Pang leg. (JXAU). Jilin: 1 male, Erdaobaihe Village (42.4319, 128.13), alt. 740m, 21. VI. 1986, Wenjun Bu leg.; 1 male, Sandaoling Village (44.33N, 126.95E), Jilin City, 26. VI. 1982, Shuzhi Ren leg. Shandong: 2 females, Yashan Forest Farm (37.23N, 121.06E), Qixia City, alt. 300–600m, 25. VII. 2007, Bo Cai leg.; 1 male, same data as above, Xu Zhang leg.; 2 females 1 male, same place as above, alt. 300–400m, 27. VII. 2007, Hua Guo leg.; 1 female 2 males, same data as above, Kelong Jiao leg.; 1 female 1 male, same data as above, Xu Zhang leg.; 1 female, Kunyushan Forest Farm (37.30N, 121.74E), alt. 50m, 16. VII. 2007, Cuiqing Gao leg.; 1 female, Beihuangcheng Island (38.39N, 120.92E), Changdao County, 4. VIII. 2007, Yao Han leg.; 1 female, same place as above, 3. VIII. 2007, Kelong Jiao leg. Shaanxi: 1 male, Xunyangba Village, Ningshan County (33.55N, 108.54E), alt. 1350m, 29. VIII. 1998 Jian Yao leg.(IOZ); 1 female, Haoping Management Station (34.09N, 107.71E), alt. 1400m, Taibai Mt. National Reserve, 8. VIII. 2011, Qing Zhao leg.; 1 female, same place as above, 7. VIII. 2011, Yang Liu leg.; 1 female, Qingfeng Mt. (34.1475N, 107.49E), alt. 1600m, Baoji City, 10. VII. 2011, Qing Zhao leg.; 1 female, Miaotaizi Village (33.68N, 106.83E), Liuba County, alt. 1400m, 1. VIII. 1994, Nan Lv leg.; 1 male, Houzhenzi Village (33.88N, 107.84E), alt. 1350m, Zhouzhi County, 24. VI. 1999, Chanmin Liu leg. (IOZ); Sichuan: 1 female, Baoxing Couny (30.40N, 102.81E), 29. VI. 1963. Shengli Liu leg.; 1 male, Wanba Village (29.07N, 102.05E), Jiulong County, 27. IX. 2008, Fuming Shi leg. Zhejiang: 1 male, Tianmu Mt. (30.33N, 119.45E), Lin’an City, 7. VIII. 2007, Gengping Zhu leg.; 1 male, same place as above, alt. 1300m, 18. VIII. 1999, Wenjun Bu leg.; 1 male, same data as above, 12. IX. 1989

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 151 leg.; 1 male, Wuyanling National Reserve, Taishun County (27.72N, 119.67E), alt. 800m, 29. VII. 2005, Yiping Wang leg.; 1 male, Baishanzu Nature Reserve (27.7596N, 119.19E), alt. 1300m, Qingyuan County, 25. IV. 1994, lighting trap; 1 male, Jiande City (29.50N, 119.28E), 27. VIII. 1965, collector unknown. Distribution. Rider and Zheng (2002) provided distributional information in China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Japan; Korea; Russia. This paper added Gansu province of China. Remarks. This species allied to P. bidens, their differences see the remarks of P. bidens, mainly distributed in Japan, Korea, Russia, and widespread in China.

Picromerus viridipunctatus Yang, 1935 Figs. 7, 8, 24, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65

Picromerus viridipunctatus Yang, 1934: 104.

Male terminalia. Pygophore (Figs. 30, 35, 45, 50) dorsoposterior rim concave, with two oblong parandria and sparse setae; ventroposterior rim sinuate, with a narrow deep notch and dense long setae, lateroposterior angle round, located the level of notch bottom. Paramere (Figs. 40, 55) short and thick, inner surface with a transverse ridge; outer margin a little arched; apex obtuse and hooked; inner branch short and obtuse, outer margin slightly convex, directed lateroposteriorly. Aedeagus (Figs. 60, 65) with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, not divide into two branches, the apex sclerotized. Apical conjunctival lobe short and unbifurcate, not stretched from apical part of theca. Vesica distinctly stretched from the venter of median penial plates, but not passing the apex of median penial plates. Measurements (in mm). Body length 12.0–16.5; length of head 2.4–2.8, width across eyes 2.5–2.8, interocular distance 1.3–1.5; length of antennomeres (I) 0.3–0.5: (II) 1.3–1.8: (III) 1.6–1.9: (IV) 1.8–2.1: (V) 1.7–1.9; median length of pronotum 3.0–3.7, humeral width 7.2–9.3; length of scutellum 3.9–5.1, width of scutellum 3.3–4.6. Specimen examined. CHINA: Fujian: 1 female, Huangkeng Town (27.57N, 117.65E), alt. 350m, Jianyang City, 5. VII. 1960, Gentao Jin and Yangming Lin leg. (SEM); Guizhou: 1 female, Suoluo National Nature Reserves (28.46N, 106.03E), Chishui City, alt. 1500–1600m, 23. IX. 2000, Chuanren Li leg.; 1 female, Yongkang Village (25.35N, 107.95E), Libo County, 28. X. 1998, Qiongzhang Song leg.; 1 female, Libo County, 26. X. 1998, Zizhong Li leg.; 1 female, Maolan National Nature Reserves (25.42N, 107.90E), alt. 500m, 31. VII. 1995, Chengjun Ma leg. Guangdong: 1 female, Chebaling (24.74N, 114.26E), Shixing County, 9. VIII. 1992, Leyi Zheng leg. Guangxi: 1 female, Sanmen Village (25.73N, 109.87E), Longsheng County, 20. VII. 1964, Liangchen Wang leg.; 1 female, the same data as above except collector, Shengli Liu leg.; 1 female, Lizhi Forestry (23.12N, 107.74E), alt. 1500m, Long’an County, 11. IX. 1980, Youdong Ma leg.; 1 female, Jinxiu County (24.15N, 110.19E), alt. 750m, 2. VI. 1990, Xinzheng Li leg.; 1 female, Shili Daxiagu (26.01N, 110.46E), Xing’an County, 9. VIII. 2009, Xi Sun leg.; 1 female, Mao’er Mt. (26.01N, 110.46E), alt. 900–1320m, 10. VII. 2009, Qing Zhao leg.; 1 female, Gaozhai Village (25.85N, 110.48E), Xing’an county, alt. 900–1320m, 2 VII. 2002, collector unknown; 1 male, Longsheng way to Baiya (25.0N, 110.0E), 20. VIII. 1964, Shengli Liu leg.; 1 male, Shiwandashan (22.89N, 108.32E), Shangsi County, 30. VII. 2009, Zhonghua Fan leg. Hubei: 1 female, Beixihe, Houhe National Nature Reserves (30.08N, 110.63E), alt. 450m, 24. VII. 2006, Jing Nie and Hu Chen leg. (HBUM). Jiangxi: 1 female, Xiaoxidong Forest Farm (26.50N, 114.23E), Jinggangshan National Nature Reserves, 23. VII. 2002, Huaijun Xue leg.; 1 female, Jiulian Mt. (24.57N, 114.46E), Ganzhou City, 25. VII. 1989, collector unknown (JXAU); Shanxi: 1 female, Xingtangsi Forest Farm (36.42N, 111.77E), Hongtong County, alt. 1500m, 11. VII. 2006, Dan Ding leg. Sichuan: 1 female, Pingshan County (28.67N, 104.17E), VII. 1957, collector unknown; 1 male, same place as above, 1956, collector unknown. Zhejiang: 1 male, Lin’an Huoshandashigu (30.38, 119.48), 9. VIII. 2007, Zhonghua Fan leg.; 1 female, Xitianmu Mt. (30.36, 119.41), VII. 1957, collector unknown; 1 female, Baishanzu National Nature Reserves (27.76N, 119.19E), alt. 700m, 21. IV. 1994, Min Li leg. Distribution. Rider and Zheng (2002) provided distributional information in China (Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang). This paper updated to Fujian, Hubei, Shanxi provinces of China. Remarks. This species larger than others, body yellow-brown; head above and beneath, anterolateral pronotal

152 · Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. submargins, incisures of connexivum and ventral surface of pronotal angles, lateral area of sternum more or less marked with metallic-green shades (Fig. 7); anterolateral margins of pronotum broadly paler, pronotal lateral angles bifurcate unequally, the anterior branch very long and the apex slightly curved (Fig. 24), and a longitudinal yellowish midline from mid of anterior margin to apex of scutellum. Membrane slightly surpassing abdomen.

Picromerus elevatus sp. nov. Figs. 11, 12, 18, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56, 61, 66, 67

Description. Color. Dorsum ochraceous, with black or brown punctures; eyes brown; antenna yellow-brown except the apical segment III, IV and V; rostrum brown, darken towards apex, especially the last segment dark brown; pronotum yellow-brown, anterolateral margin and posterior margins of calli metallic-blue, reaching the inner margin of eyes; scutellum and corium concolorous, black or brown punctured; venter of head and throax yellow, except the outer side of the coxae of legs and the venter of pronotal humeral angle with some metallic-blue punctures; legs concolorous, with some small shallow black or brown punctures, the apical 1/4 of tibiae a little dark. Setae on tibia and tarsus golden; a small black spot situated at the outer side of coxa; abdominal venter darker than dorsum, sternites IV–VII each with a central black spot, getting larger backwards. Head. Surface of head flat, as long as width. Paraclypei slightly longer than clypeus, but not convergent apically. Buccula narrow, with 2 or 3 rows blackish punctures, outer margin slightly curved. Antennae 5- segmented, length of segment I: II: III: IV: V = 0.5: 1.7: 1.6: 1.7: 1.8. Rostrum robust, segment I shortest, segment II shorter than segment III and IV combined, the last segment surpassing metacoxa. Pronotum more than two times as broad as long; disk rather flat. Anterior half of pronutum oblique and posterior half flat, shallowly punctured. Pronotal anterior margin obviously concaved. Anterolateral margins yellowish, with plump obtuse teeth or with weak teeth. Pronotal humeral angles elevated, obtuse, the length of the stretched out of body greater than the diameter of eyes, apex smooth. Scutellum triangular, a little longer than its basal width; surface weakly convexed in lateral view; basal angle with a deep pit. Apex of scutellum rounded. Corium surpassing the apex of scutellum posteriorly, broadly leaving connexivum exposed. Membrane slightly surpassing apex of abdomen. Thoracic pleura, sterna and legs. Proepisternum simple; metathoracic scent gland ostiole associated with an elongate, curved peritreme; evaporatorium obvious, surround the scent gland peritrime. Profemora armed subapically; protibiae not dilated, prismatic, with a sharp spine subapically. Pregenital abdomen. Oval, sterum III with an obtuse median tubercle basally, not reaching metacoxae. The center of abdomenal segments IV to VII with black spots, larger towards the apex, posterolateral angles of connexival segments slightly produced; male without sternal glandular patches. Female genitalia (Fig. 67). First gonocoxites triangular, inner margins straight and posterior margins curved. Apices of ninth paratergites with sparse long setae, longer than apices of eighth paratergites and sternite ten. Male terminalia. Pygophore (Figs. 31, 36, 46, 51) cup-like, broader than long, its lateroposterior angle round and short, situated a little higher than notch of ventroposterior rim; dorsoposterior rim concave, with two oblong parandria and sparse setae; ventroposterior rim sinuate, with a narrow, shallow medial notch and long dense setae, lateral sides sinuate, with two convexes. Paramere (Figs. 41, 56) wide in basal part, with an inner branch; outer margin arched; inner surface with a transverse ridge; apex of paramere obtuse and a little hooked; inner branch short and obtuse, directed lateroposteriorly, outer margin slightly convex. Aedeagus (Figs. 61, 66) with one pair of basolateral conjunctival lobes, which divided into two branches: proximal one and distal one. Proximal branch short, semicircular; distal branch long and narrow relatively, with sclerotized apex. Apical conjunctival lobe short and bifurcate, not stretch out from apical part of theca. Median penial plates strongly sclerotized, united in base. Vesica distinctly stretched from the venter of median penial plates. Measurements (in mm). Body length 11.0–15; length of head 2.4–2.5, width across eyes 2.3–2.6, interocular distance 1.4–1.7; length of antennomeres (I) 0.3–0.4: (II) 1.3–1.5: (III) 1.3–1.5: (IV) 1.6–1.8: (V) 1.6–1.9; median length of pronotum 3.0–3.7, humeral width 7.2–9.3; length of scutellum 3.9–5.1, width of scutellum 3.3–4.6. Type specimens: Holotype: CHINA, Yunnan: 1 male, Gongshan County (27.77N, 98.67E), alt. 1560m, 15. V. 1983, collector unknown. Paratypes: CHINA, Yunnan: 1female, 1 male, Kunming City(25.05N, 102.72E), alt. 2100m, 20. IV. 1987, Yujian Lin leg. (JXAU); 1 female, Cangshan County (25.59N, 100.22E), Dali City, 18. VIII.

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 153 2006, Cuiqing Gao leg.; 1 female, Heqing Village North Street (26.57N, 104.46E), alt. 2400m, Qujing City, 15. V. 1980; 1 male, Weixi County (27.20N, 99.30E), alt. 2175m, 23–25. XII. 2008, Jishan Xu and Zhenhua Gao leg. (HBUM); 1 male, Yongshan County (28.25N, 103.64E), 21. VII. 2004, Ji Ling and Caixia Yuan leg. (HBUM); 1 female, Gongshan County (27.77N, 98.66E), 2–4. V. 2004, Xiujuan Yang and Yushuang Liu leg. (HBUM). Etymology. The Latin word ‘elevatus’ refers to elevated pronotal humeral angles of the new species. Remarks. This new species very similar to P. fasciaticeps, but can be distinguished by the following characters: the pronotal humeral angle longer, elevated and yellowish (Fig. 18, 26), but the character in the latter species is short, porrect and black (Fig. 17, 25); the body dorsum of P. elevatus sp. nov. flat and relatively smooth (Fig. 18), while in P. fasciaticeps intumescent and rough (Fig. 17). Besides, the head of P. elevatus sp. nov. yellowish uniformly except a fine black line located at the inner margin of eyes, however, the head of P. fasciaticeps entirely black, except a white-yellow belt medially. P. elevatus sp. nov. is also similar to P. bidens and P. le wi s i , but distinctly differs from them by its body shape and brownish color (Figs. 11, 12) (in the latter two, body somber, with several yellow spots on pronotum (Figs. 1–4)), its elevated and obtuse humeral angle (Fig. 26) (in the latter two, humeral angle sharp and bifurcate or with a prominence in the humeral angle base (Figs. 19–22)), and by its longer rostrum (in the latter two, rostrum not reaching metacoxae). P. elevatus sp. nov. is separated from P. griseus by its body brownish color (in P. g r i s eu s , body dark brown, nearly blackish), by its longer membrane (in P. gr i s e us , membrane only slightly surpassing or not surpassing the end of abdomen) and by its obtuse humeral angle (in P. g r i s eu s, humeral angle with an obvious tooth (Fig. 23)). P. elevatus sp. nov. differs from P. viridipunctatus by its smaller body shape, elevated and obtuse humeral angle, anterior lateral margin of pronotum concolor with most part of pronotum (in P. viridipunctatus, humeral angle porrect and a little bifurcate, anterior half of lateral margin of pronotum yellowish, different from most part of pronotum (Fig. 24)).

Discussion

The most important structures for species identification in Picromerus are the shape of pronotal humeral angle, anterolateral margin and the color of connexivum, especially the aedeagus. Two species of this genus, P. bidens and P. lewisi, are very similar in the pattern of body color and shape. Both of them are brown, mottled yellowish spot in calli and thoracic venter, and the pronotal humeral angles are also very similar. Josifov (1978) dissected male terminalia, compared their parameres and buccula, showed they were different species. After dissecting male terminalia and inflated aedeagus completely, we found that the conjunctive lobes of the two species are rather different. We also found that P. bidens mainly distributed in the north of China, while P. le wi s i widespread occurred in China. However, the pronotal humeral angle of P. l ew is i various, from slightly bifurcate to unbifurcate, sharp angulated to obtuse (Figs. 20–22). Although the holotype and paratype of P. fasciaticeps are female, and we have not found a male specimen, however, the body color pattern and the pronotal humeral angle of P. fasciaticeps are very different from other species, such as paraclypei entirely black, clypeus yellowish, humeral angle short, obtuse and black, posterior half of pronotal raised, we thought it was an independent species.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Dr. Dávid Rédei (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Hungary), Dr. Gexia Qiao (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Dr. Guodong Ren (College of Life Science, Hebei University, China), Dr. Weibin Zhu (Shanghai Entomological Museum, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Dr. Weichun Li (Jiangxi Agriculture University, China) for loan of specimens. Thanks also go to Dr. Zhonghua Fan, Dr. Gengping Zhu, Mr. Kai Dang and Mr. Zhen Ye (Nankai University, China) for their advice on manuscripts and technical assistance in taking the photographs. This project was supported by the National Science Foundation Project of China [31071959 and J1210005] and Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China [No. 20100031110026].

154 · Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. FIGURES 1–4. Habitus photographs of Picromerus species. 1–2 P. bidens (1 dorsal view; 2 ventral view). 3–4 P. lewisi (3 dorsal view; 4 ventral view). Bar = 5 mm.

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 155 FIGURES 5–8. Habitus photographs of Picromerus species.5–6 P. gr i s eus (5 dorsal view; 6 ventral view). 7–8 P. viridipunctatus (7 dorsal view; 8 ventral view). Bar = 5 mm.

156 · Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. FIGURES 9–12. Habitus photographs of Picromerus species. 9–10 P. fasciaticeps, paratype (9 dorsal view; 10 ventral view). 11–12 P. elevatus sp. nov. (11 dorsal view; 12 ventral view). Bar = 5 mm.

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 157 FIGURES 13–18. 13–14 Lateral side of buccula (arrows noted) (13 P. bidens; 14 P. l e wi s i ); 15– 16 Ventral abdomen (15 P. bidens; 16 P. l ew i s i); 17–18 Lateral view (17 P. fasciaticeps; 18 P. elevatus sp. nov.)

158 · Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. FIGURES 19–26. Pronotal humeral angle of Picromerus. (19 P. bidens; 20–22 P. l ew i s i ; 23 P. g ri s eu s; 24 P. viridipunctatus; 25 P. fasciaticeps; 26 P. elevatus sp. nov.)

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 159 FIGURES 27–41. 27–31 Photos of pygophoral dorsal view (27 P. bidens; 28 P. l ew i si ; 29 P. g r i s eus ; 30 P. viridipunctatus; 31 P. elevatus sp. nov.); 32–36 Photos of pygophoral ventral view (32 P. bidens; 33 P. l ew i s i ; 34 P. g r i seu s ; 35 P. viridipunctatus; 36 P. elevatus sp. nov.); 37–41 Photos of paramere (37 P. bidens; 38 P. l e wi s i ; 39 P. g ri s eu s; 40 P. viridipunctatus; 41 P. elevatus sp. nov.). Bars = 0.2mm.

160 · Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. FIGURES 42–56. 42–46 Outline of pygophoral dorsal view (42 P. bidens; 43 P. l e wi s i ; 44 P. gr i s eu s; 45 P. viridipunctatus; 46 P. elevatus sp. nov.); 47–51 Outline of pygophoral ventral view (47 P. bidens; 48 P. lewisi; 49 P. g r i se us ; 50 P. viridipunctatus; 51 P. elevatus sp. nov.); 52–56 Outline of paramere (52 P. bidens; 53 P. l ew i s i ; 54 P. g ri s eu s; 55 P. viridipunctatus; 56 P. elevatus sp. nov.). (dp. r. = dorsoposterior rim; lp. a. = lateroposterior angle; m. n. = medial notch; o. m. = outer margin; p. = parandria ; i. b. = inner branch; vp. r. = ventroposterior rim). Bars = 0.2mm.

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 161 FIGURES 57–67. 57–61 Aedeagus apical view (57 P. bidens; 58 P. l ew i s i; 59 P. griseus; 60 P. viridipunctatus; 61 P. elevatus sp. nov.); 62–66 Aedeagus lateral view (62 P. bidens; 63 P. l ew i s i; 64 P. gr i s eu s; 65 P. viridipunctatus; 66 P. elevatus sp. nov.); 67 Female external genitalia (P. elevatus sp. nov.) (a. c. l. = apical conjunctival lobe; bl. c. l. = basolateral conjunctival lobe; m. p. p. = median penial plate; v. = vesica; 1st g. = first gonocoxite; 8th p. = eighth paratergite; 9th p. = ninth paratergite). Bar = 0.2mm, except noted.

162 · Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. FIGURES 57–67. 57–61 Aedeagus apical view (57 P. bidens; 58 P. l ew i s i; 59 P. griseus; 60 P. viridipunctatus; 61 P. elevatus sp. nov.); 62–66 Aedeagus lateral view (62 P. bidens; 63 P. l ew i s i; 64 P. gr i s eu s; 65 P. viridipunctatus; 66 P. elevatus sp. nov.); 67 Female external genitalia (P. elevatus sp. nov.) (a. c. l. = apical conjunctival lobe; bl. c. l. = basolateral conjunctival lobe; m. p. p. = median penial plate; v. = vesica; 1st g. = first gonocoxite; 8th p. = eighth paratergite; 9th p. = ninth paratergite). Bar = 0.2mm, except noted.

REVIEW OF PICROMERUS FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3613 (2) © 2013 Magnolia Press · 163 References

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