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1908-1909 : La Véritable Naissance De L'aviation
1908-1909 : LA VÉRITABLE 05 Histoire et culture NAISSANCE DE L’AVIATION. de l’aéronautique et du spatial A) Les démonstrations en France de Farman et des frères Wright. A la veille de 1908, ballons et dirigeables dominent encore le ciel, malgré les succès prometteurs des frères Wright, de Santos Dumont et de Vuia. A Issy-les-Moulineaux, le 13 janvier 1908, Farman réussit officiellement le premier vol contrôlé en circuit fermé d’un kilomètre à bord d’un Voisin et remporte les 50 000 francs promis par Archdeacon et Deutsch de la Meurthe. Farman effectue ensuite le premier vol de ville à ville, entre Bouy et Reims, soit 27 km. En tournée aux Etats-Unis, il invente le mot “aileron” : il baptise ainsi les volets en bout d'aile d'avions qui sont présentés. Le premier passager de l'histoire de l'aviation serait Ernest Archdeacon qui embarque avec Henri Farman à Gand (Belgique). En août 1908, les frères Wright s’installent en France pour vendre leur « Flyer » sous licence. Le 31 décembre, Wilbur remporte les 20 000 francs du prix Michelin pour avoir effectué le plus long vol de l’année au camp d’Auvours : 124,7 km en 2h20. Les Wright voulaient garder secret leur système de gauchissement des ailes (torsion du bout des ailes pour incliner de côté un avion) au point de dormir à côté de l’avion. Les Américains fondent la première école de pilotage au monde à Pau. Aux Etats-Unis, le Wright Flyer III, piloté par Orville Wright, est victime d'un accident à la suite de la rupture d'une des hélices en plein vol. -
The Cambridge History of Latin America Vol 09
THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICA volume ix Brazil since 1930 THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICA volume i Colonial Latin America volume ii Colonial Latin America volume iii From Independence to c. 1870 volume iv c. 1870 to 1930 volume v c. 1870 to 1930 volume vi Latin America since 1930: Economy, Society and Politics Part 1. Economy and Society Part 2. Politics and Society volume vii Latin America since 1930: Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean volume viii Latin America since 1930: Spanish South America volume ix Brazil since 1930 volume x Latin America since 1930: Ideas, Culture and Society volume xi Bibliographical Essays THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICA VOLUME IX Brazil since 1930 edited by LESLIE BETHELL Emeritus Professor of Latin American History University of London and Emeritus Fellow St. Antony’s College, Oxford CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521395243 c Cambridge University Press 2008 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2008 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Brazil since 1930 / edited by Leslie Bethell. p. cm. – (Cambridge history of Latin America ; v. -
Flânerie Au Cœur Du Quartier Coteaux/Bords De Seine
Flânerie au cœur du quartier COTEAUX/BORDS DE SEINE 2km 1h30 www.saintcloud.fr Flânerie au cœur du quartier COTEAUX/BORDS DE SEINE Fière de son histoire et de son patrimoine, seuses au XIXe siècle. Le quai Carnot était la municipalité de Saint-Cloud vous invite également investi d’hôtels et restaurants à flâner dans les rues de la commune en qui accueillaient les Parisiens venus profi- publiant cinq livrets qui vous feront décou- ter des distractions organisées dans le parc vrir le patrimoine historique, artistique et de Saint-Cloud. Ce quartier devient plus architectural des différents quartiers de résidentiel au début du XXe siècle lorsque la Saint-Cloud. Le passionné de patrimoine Société foncière des Coteaux et du bois de ou l’amateur de belles promenades pourra Boulogne acquiert les terrains situés entre cheminer, de manière autonome, à l’aide les deux voies de chemin de fer. de ce dépliant, en suivant les points numé- rotés sur le plan (au verso) qui indique les Parcours de 2 kilomètres lieux emblématiques de la ville. Durée : environ 1h30 Partez à la découverte des vestiges, des En savoir plus sites classés ou remarquables qui vous Musée des Avelines, musée d’art révèleront la richesse de Saint-Cloud. Son et d’histoire de Saint-Cloud histoire commence il y a plus de 2000 ans 60, rue Gounod lorsque la ville n’était encore qu’une simple 92210 Saint-Cloud PARUTION JUILLET 2017 bourgade gallo-romaine appelée Novigen- 01 46 02 67 18 www.musee-saintcloud.fr tum. Entrée libre Le quartier des Coteaux, autrefois agricole, du mercredi au samedi de 12h à 18h vivait de la culture de la vigne tandis que Dimanche de 14h à 18h les bords de Seine étaient plutôt réservés Le musée organise des visites guidées à l’activité des pêcheurs puis des blanchis- de la ville. -
Plano De Manejo E Web Sig Da Apa Da Serra Da Mantiqueira
ASSOCIAÇÃO PRÓ-GESTÃO DAS ÁGUAS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL – AGEVAP INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE – ICMBIO MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE – MMA PLANO DE MANEJO E WEB SIG DA APA DA SERRA DA MANTIQUEIRA PRODUTO 2: DIAGNÓSTICO TÉCNICO (MEIOS FÍSICO E BIÓTICO) VERSÃO REVISADA CURITIBA / PR Maio / 2017 ASSOCIAÇÃO PRÓ-GESTÃO DAS ÁGUAS DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL – AGEVAP INSTITUTO CHICO MENDES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE – ICMBIO MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE – MMA PLANO DE MANEJO E WEB SIG DA APA DA SERRA DA MANTIQUEIRA PRODUTO 2: DIAGNÓSTICO TÉCNICO (MEIOS FÍSICO E BIÓTICO) VERSÃO REVISADA CURITIBA / PR Maio / 2017 PLANO DE MANEJO E WEB SIG DA APA DA SERRA DA MANTIQUEIRA I Diagnóstico Técnico Preliminar da APASM APRESENTAÇÃO A Área de Proteção Ambiental da Serra da Mantiqueira - APASM, unidade de conservação federal de uso sustentável, criada em 03 de junho de 1985 pelo Decreto Federal nº 91.304/85, possui 431.040,73 hectares, abrangendo 27 municípios dos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Diversos segmentos da sociedade civil e instâncias dos poderes públicos reconhecem a necessidade emergencial da elaboração do Plano de Manejo da APASM, como um dos instrumentos de gestão que estabelecerá o zoneamento e o planejamento ordenado das ações, de modo a garantir a preservação dos recursos naturais, compatíveis com a sustentabilidade socioeconômica local. As diversas atividades irregulares praticadas no interior da APASM, que resultam em ameaças aos objetivos de criação da UC, especialmente aos recursos hídricos, chamaram a atenção da Associação Pró-Gestão das Águas da Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Paraíba do Sul (AGEVAP), pela importância da contribuição da Serra da Mantiqueira à bacia do Rio Paraíba do Sul. -
William J. Hammer Collection
William J. Hammer Collection Mark Kahn, 2003; additional information added by Melissa A. N. Keiser, 2021 2003 National Air and Space Museum Archives 14390 Air & Space Museum Parkway Chantilly, VA 20151 [email protected] https://airandspace.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Biographical/Historical note.............................................................................................. 2 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 3 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 4 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 4 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 5 Series 1: Professional materials............................................................................... 5 Series 2: Photographs and other materials............................................................ 13 William J. Hammer Collection NASM.XXXX.0074 Collection Overview Repository: National Air and Space Museum Archives Title: William J. Hammer Collection Identifier: NASM.XXXX.0074 Date: -
The Challenge Prize— History and Opportunity
1 THE CHALLENGE PRIZE— HISTORY AND OPPORTUNITY By Larry E. Tise, PhD Historian President, International Congress of Distinguished Awards February 2006 © Larry E. Tise 2006 The Challenge Prize: What Is It? The “Challenge Prize” is a special type of award or prize that has been employed throughout human history to encourage new creative, innovative, and often heroic achievements. The offer of a challenge reward has been used historically to draw forth previously unknown individuals to lead armies to conquests, to motivate individuals or teams in sport to championships, to find hidden secrets in nature, to discover mysteries in science, to innovate new tools to facilitate research, and to produce products that might prove adaptable in altering or “improving” life or the human condition. Kings, generals, and the captains of industry have understood the usefulness of throwing out a challenge that might just captivate the imagination or spirit of a single human being to produce a product or result that can advance national leadership, military conquest, or a hefty profit. Whether issued in the form of promised reward heralded by royal trumpeters and posted on every tree in the realm, issued before throngs of citizenry or soldiery, or posted on the internet as a request for proposals (RFP), the notion of a earning or winning a prize for producing a result that surpasses all others or solves a particular problem, humans— particularly in competitive and entrepreneurial societies—are fully familiar with the notion of the challenge prize and recognize—viscerally if not consciously—the allurement and romance of meeting a challenge, being proclaimed the victor, and securing the promised reward. -
Os Voos De Santos Dumont E Wright Sob O Ponto De Vista Da Engenharia Aeronáutica
Os Voos de Santos Dumont e Wright sob o Ponto de Vista da Engenharia Aeronáutica. Fernando M. Catalano, PhD Departamento de Engenharia Aeronáutica Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos Quotes Airplanes are interesting toys but of no military value. — Marshal Ferdinand Foch, professor of strategy, Ecole Superiure de Guerre, 1911 Inventions reached their limit long ago, and I see no hope for further development. - Julius Frontinus, 1st century A.D. Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible - Physicist, Lord Kelvin, President, Royal Society, [ENGLAND] 1885. All attempts at artificial aviation are not only dangerous to life but doomed to failure from an engineering standpoint. — editor of 'The Times' of London, 1905 “O número de projetos sem sucesso neste domínio [Aeronáutica] é enorme. Contudo, ao longo dos tempos, desde o lendário Daedalus a Leonardo da Vinci, as maiores mentes já investigaram este problema. Não há outro desafio mais atraente para a humanidade do que este ... para o homem, cujos trens são mais rápidos que o cavalo de corrida mais rápido e cujos navios, não obstante a sua gigantesca dimensões, podem manobrar com tanta facilidade e rapidez, de modo a zombar do Lillienthall peixes em sua arte. Não será que ele vai ser capaz de seguir os pássaros no céu? " Geração de forças aerodinâmicas Solução do voo mais propulsão pesado que o ar Boltzmann and the Art of Flying Silvio R. Dahmen Ludwig Boltzmann Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul CFD + CAA based on Latice Boltzman theories CAA computation Aeroacoustics Literatura da época George Cayley Lilienthal, Otto. F.W. Governable Birdflight as the Lanchester Parachute" Glider - Basis of Aviation. -
TESE Production and Fruit Processing of Persimmon, Genetic
PEDRO MARANHA PECHE PRODUCTION AND FRUIT PROCESSING OF PERSIMMON, GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PROPAGATION OF CULTIVAR IN SUBTROPICAL AREAS LAVRAS – MG 2016 PEDRO MARANHA PECHE PRODUCTION AND FRUIT PROCESSING OF PERSIMMON, GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PROPAGATION OF CULTIVAR IN SUBTROPICAL AREAS Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Agronomia/Fitotecnia, área de concentração em Produção Vegetal, para a obtenção do título de Doutor. Orientador Dr. Rafael Pio Coorientadoras Dra. María Luisa Badenes Catalá Dra. Vanessa Rios de Souza LAVRAS – MG 2015 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo Sistema de Geração de Ficha Catalográfica da Biblioteca Universitária da UFLA, com dados informados pelo (a) p róprio(a) autor(a). Peche, Pedro Maranha. Production and fruit processing of persimmon, genetic diversity and propagation of cultivar in subtropical areas / Pedro Maranha Peche. – Lavras: UFLA, 2016. 132 p. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2015. Orientador(a): Rafael Pio. Bibliografia. 1. Fenologia. 2. Adaptabilidade. 3. Porta-enxerto. I. Universidade Federal de Lavras. II. Título. PEDRO MARANHA PECHE PRODUCTION AND FRUIT PROCESSING OF PERSIMMON, GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PROPAGATION OF CULTIVAR IN SUBTROPICAL AREAS Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Lavras, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Agronomia/Fitotecnia, área de concentração em Produção Vegetal, para a obtenção do título de Doutor. APROVADA em 12 de novembro de 2015. Dr. Ângelo Albérico Alvarenga EPAMIG Dr. Antonio Decarlos Neto UFLA Dr. Luiz Carlos de Oliveira Lima UFLA Dr. Adriano Teodoro Bruzi UFLA Dr. Rafael Pio Orientador LAVRAS – MG 2015 Aos meus pais, Afonso e Ana, que me educaram e deram a oportunidade para mais esta conquista e que, nos momentos difíceis, me compreenderam e me incentivaram, demonstrando todo o carinho, o respeito e o amor que sentem por mim. -
The Voisin Biplane by Robert G
THE VOISIN BIPLANE BY ROBERT G. WALDVOGEL A single glance at the Voisin Biplane reveals exactly what one would expect of a vintage aircraft: a somewhat ungainly design with dual, fabric-covered wings; a propeller; an aerodynamic surface protruding ahead of its airframe; and a boxy, kite-resembling tail. But, by 1907 standards, it had been considered “advanced.” Its designer, Gabriel Voisin, son of a provincial engineer, was born in Belleville, France, in 1880, initially demonstrating mechanical and aeronautical aptitude through his boat, automobile, and kite interests. An admirer of Clement Ader, he trained as an architect and draftsman at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Lyon, and was later introduced to Ernest Archdeacon, a wealthy lawyer and aviation enthusiast, who subsequently commissioned him to design a glider. Using inaccurate and incomplete drawings of the Wright Brothers’ 1902 glider published in L’Aerophile, the Aero-Club’s journal, Voisin constructed an airframe in January of 1904 which only bore a superficial resemblance to its original. Sporting dual wings subdivided by vertical partitions, a forward elevating plane, and a two-cell box-kite tail, it was devoid of the Wright-devised wing- warping method, and therefore had no means by which lateral control could be exerted. Two-thirds the size of the original, it was 40 pounds lighter. Supported by floats and tethered to a Panhard-engined racing boat, the glider attempted its first fight from the Seine River on June 8, 1905, as described by Voisin himself. “Gradually and cautiously, (the helmsman) took up the slack of my towing cable…” he had written. -
Update on the Geographic Distribution of Three Poorly Known Frog Species in the Mantiqueira Mountain Range
Herpetology Notes, volume 13: 573-577 (2020) (published online on 26 July 2020) Update on the geographic distribution of three poorly known frog species in the Mantiqueira mountain range Edelcio Muscat¹, Daniel Stuginski¹, Ivan Nunes², Itamar Martins³, Guilherme Augusto-Alves4,5, Stenio Eder Vittorazzi6,7, Luís Felipe Toledo4, and Matheus de Toledo Moroti1,8,* In megadiverse countries, such as Brazil, the species the most speciose mountain areas for anurans in South diversity (the Linnean shortfall), as well as their America (Silva et al., 2018). geographical distributions (the Wallacean shortfall), According to estimates, only 11-16% of the Atlantic remain poorly known for most taxa (Bini et al., 2006; Forest’s original coverage remains, composed mainly Andreone et al., 2008). There are more than 650 of small and isolated fragments (Ribeiro et al., 2009; amphibian species in the Atlantic Forest biome (LF Pompeu et al., 2018; Peixoto et al., 2020). In the Toledo, unpublished data). In the Mantiqueira mountain Monte Verde plateau of the Mantiqueira mountains, range alone, 234 species are recorded, corresponding the original vegetation was replaced by grazing land, to nearly ~37.5 % of the amphibians known for the monoculture reforestation and constructions, or has biome (Silva et al., 2018). Of these, 88 species are suffered intense logging (Golfari, 1975). This scenario endemic to this mountain range (Silva et al., 2018). The is even more worrisome as amphibians are considered high diversity and endemism make the Mantiqueira the most threatened vertebrates on the planet (Stuart et mountains a hotspot. They are also considered one of al., 2004). Factors such as fragmentation, habitat loss, climate change, diseases as chytridiomycosis, and the introduction of exotic species are the main causes of this decline (Stuart et al., 2004; Carvalho et al., 2017). -
Gabriel Voisin
GABRIEL VOISIN Originaire de Belleville, Gabriel Voisin nait le 5 février 1880. Son père, industriel de la fonderie, voit ses affaires péricliter peu à peu après la guerre de 1870 et ferme son entreprise en 1882, année de naissance de son deuxième fils Charles. Il meurt en 1886 laissant une veuve désargentée et quatre enfants. Leur existence est alors assurée par leur grand-père maternel qui héberge chez lui, à Lyon, sa fille et ses trois petits enfants. Pendant les vacances, la famille s'installe à euville à proximité de l'usine familiale et les deux garçons s'initient rapidement à la petite mécanique. A l'âge de 15 ans, Gabriel a déjà fabriqué un fusil qui sera sa première arme de chasse, une bicyclette et un petit modèle de machine à vapeur. Son frère Charles préfère la menuiserie. Les bords de Saône deviennent très vite leur territoire de jeux et de chasse. Excellent mais turbulent élève au lycée Ampère, il entre aux Beaux-arts de Lyon tout en travaillant comme dessinateur dans un Bureau d'Etudes dirigé par un ingénieur des Arts et Métiers. Il sort d'école en 1903 et débute sa carrière chez Ernest Archdeacon, un des promoteurs et mécènes de l'aéronautique naissante. Il s'illustre très vite dans le domaine de l'aviation. En 1905, il modifie, grâce au financement de son employeur, un planeur en hydravion et décolle sur la Seine à Billancourt remorqué par une vedette rapide. Le vol se fait à une altitude de 15 mètres sur une longueur de 600 mètres. -
Climatologias Da Temperatura Do Ar E Da
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br Climatologias da Temperatura do Ar e da Precipitação na Bacia do Rio Paraíba do Sul, Região Sudeste do Brasil Air Temperature and Precipitation Climatologies over Paraíba do Sul River Basin, Southeast Brazil Camila Silva Brasiliense¹; Claudine Pereira Dereczynski1; Prakki Satyamurty2; Sin Chan Chou2 & Renata Novaes Calado2 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza, Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Meteorologia, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 274, Bloco G, Cidade Universitária, 21941-916, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 2Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos, Rodovia Presidente Dutra km 39, 12630-000, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 12/08/2019 Aprovado em: 01/11/2019 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2020_1_355_365 Resumo Este trabalho analisa as climatologias da temperatura do ar e da precipitação da Bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul (BRPS), localizada na Região Sudeste do Brasil. A precipitação anual varia entre 1000 mm no norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro e 2000 mm sobre a Serra da Mantiqueira. Aproximadamente 80% da precipitação da bacia concentra-se nos meses de outubro a março, sugerindo um regime monçônico na região. A média anual da temperatura média diária varia entre 16°C no extremo sudoeste e 22°C no extremo norte da BRPS. Essa grande variação se deve a localização da BRPS na região de transição entre latitudes médias e tropicais.