Index

Note: Page numbers in bold type indicate illustrations

Aaron, Hank (Henry) 346, 347, 348, Bridgestone Invitational (Firestone Allen, Lucius 250 349, 417-19 2010) 357 Allen, Paul 276 ABA (American Basketball Association) Akron Flyers 146 Allison, Bobby 299 292 Alabama 55, 195, 196, 197, 200, 202, 229 Allison, Davey 299 ABC (American Broadcasting Company) Birmingham Black Barons 194 Alps 228, 317 226-9, 307, 316-17, 320, 324, 379 Mobile 192 Alva, Tony 443 Monday Night Football 231, 232, Montgomery 210, 331 Alzado, Lyle 414 233, 234 Talladega 300 Amateur Athletic Union 59, 67, 68, Nightline 352 see also Auburn University; University 132, 323 Wide World of Sports 228, 233 of Alabama Sullivan Award 412 see also Arledge; Cosell; Jennings; Alamar, Roberto 342 Ameche, Alan 217, 218 Koppel; McKay; Michaels Alcindor, Lew (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) America (yacht) 22 Abdul-Jabbar see Alcindor 250, 251, 252, 253, 292, 339, 351 America’s Cup 22 ABL (American Basketball League) Alexander, Charles 97, 102, 109 American Association (baseball) 47-50, 147, 291 Alexander, Grover Cleveland 116 96, 104 Abrosimova, Svetlana 374 Alexeev, Vasily 411 American Association of University Acapulco 228 Alger, Horatio 407 Professors 167 Adams, Bud 226 Ali, Muhammad 333-5, 336, 337, 346, American Lawn Tennis (magazine) 206 Adelman, Melvin L. 20 403, 404, 407 American League (baseball) 101, 104, Adidas 395 All-American Football Conference 205, 106, 108, 113, 115, 161, 193, Afghanistan 308, 323 223-4, 273 278, 281 AFL (American Football League) 225-6, All-American Girls Professional All-Star roster 204, 205, 341 229, 288-9 Baseball League 134, 135, 160 see also Johnson (Ban) merger of NFL and 289-90 All-Americans 66, 67, 78, 81, 83, 84, 132, American Medical Association 404 African-American history 3 142, 146, 168, 170, 173, 201, 212, American Professional Football Agassi, Andre 429 250, 294, 374, 391, 422, 423, 441 Association 69, 146 aggressive games 123 COPYRIGHTEDsee also Columbia University; MATERIALAmerican Tennis Association 206 see also extreme sports Duquesne University; Georgia American Tobacco Company 314 Agnew, Spiro 306 Tech; Long Island University; Ohio Amherst College (MA) 75 Ahe, Christian von der 49 State University; Purdue Universi- Anderson, Greg 417 AIAW (Association for Intercollegiate ty; UConn; University of Alabama; Andropov, Yuri 324 Athletics for Women) 367-9, 392 University of Maryland; University animal baiting 9, 13 Akers, Dwight 17 of Michigan; University of Minne- dogs 14 Akers, Michelle 382, 384 sota; University of Missouri rats 25 Akron 295 Allen, Forrest “Phog” 147, 180-1, 182 Anson, Adrian “Cap” 45-6, 49

Sports in American Life: A History, Third Edition. Richard O. Davies. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Index 463 anti-Catholic sentiment 97, 172 spread of baseball up and down the Barrow, Ed 116 anti-prizefi ghting issues coast 29 Barzun, Jacques 34, 460 groups 188 Atlas, Charles 394-5 baseball 1, 33-52, 59, 62, 63, 66, 77, 85, laws 54, 57 Attell, Abe 110 95-119, 205, 274, 303, 456, 459 anti-Semitism 157, 314 Attles, Al 351 American embrace of 78, 436 AOC (American Olympic Committee) Auburn University (AL) 248 annual budgets 2 67, 312 Auerbach, Arnold “Red” 291, 413 arrival of top-notch players from Aparicio, Luis 342 Auriemma, Geno 372-3, 374, 375, 376 Japan 343 APFA (American Professional Football Aurora (yacht) 21 betting on 396, 397, 399, 400, 401, 452 Association) 69, 146 Austin, Brad 137 black communities/representation Appalachian region 13-14, 446 Austin, Tracy 429 in 185-6, 193, 346, 350-3 Argentina 329 Australia 57, 186, 312 college 75, 182, 234 see also Buenos Aires; Firpo; Ginobli internet sports books 398 competitive team sports programs Arizona 196, 245 see also Court; Smith (Stan); Sydney in 71-2 Tucson Open (1969) 433 Australian football 234 creation of 27-30 Winston Cup races 301 Austria see Innsbruck desegregation of 332 see also McCain; Phoenix Autry, Gene 281 drug use in 418 Arizona Cardinals 147 Auxter, David 367 explosion in salaries 287 Arizona State University 82, 345, 416 Avilov, Nikolai 326 fantasy leagues 451 Wildcats of 86 healthy respect for its traditions 348 see also University of Arizona Baader, Andreas 321 Hispanics in 342, 344 Arkansas 152, 220, 247, 459 badminton 5, 9, 123 history of 4 Fort Smith 117 Baer, Max 219 institution known for quality of its Little Rock Central High School 331 Baker, Buck 300 teams 172 Arkansas Razorbacks 345 Baker, Dusty 344 international appeal of 343 Arledge, Roone 227-9, 231, 316, 317, 426 Baker, John “Home Run” 39 labor disputes 284-7 Armstrong, Lance 436-41, 445 Baker, Newton 107 long slump in 151-7 Army-Navy game (1893) 82 BALCO (Bay Area Laboratory loss of talent by Negro leagues 212 Army Relief Fund 199 Company) 417 minor-league 67 Art Institute of Florida 360 Baltimore 14, 23, 30, 48, 105, 106, 191, most lucrative contract in history Arum, Bob 409 220, 229, 274, 276, 279, 306 of 416 Ashe, Arthur 208-9, 343, 346, 359, 362 see also Gans national rankings of high school Asian working conditions 346 Baltimore Afro-American 194, 200 teams 425 Associated Press 211, 424 Baltimore Black Sox 193 number of franchises in US 277 Coach of the Year award 249 Baltimore Colts 217, 218, 230, 275 one of the most complete players Female Athlete of the Year (1957) 207 Baltimore Orioles 47, 96-7, 103, 281 279 Athens Olympics (2004) 328 Camden Yards/Oriole Park 277, opportunities to learn specifi c skills Atlanta 144, 210, 220, 248, 282 278, 282 required of 351 Olympics (1996) 328, 385-6 see also Palmeiro origins of 70 see also Emory University Baltimore Ravens 275, 277, 291 outspoken opponent of the integra- Atlanta Braves 277, 281, 282, 285, see also Rice (R.) tion of 203 344, 347 Banks, Ernie 205 popularity of 75, 95, 343 Atlanta Constitution 210 Banks, Sonny 333 racially integrated 193 Atlanta Falcons/Hawks/Thrashers 277 Barber, Walter “Red” 155, 219 salaries 291 Atlantic City 392, 454 Barbie 384 special role played in national cul- Bacharach Giants 193 Barbour, Sandy 370 ture by 460 Atlantic Coast Conference 211, 262, Barcelona Olympics (1992) 294, 327 spring 70 263, 345, 458 Barkley, Charles 327 statewide championships in 422 Atlantic Monthly 63 Barmore, Leon 374 symbolic patriotic exercises prior to Atlantic Ocean 9, 11, 62, 161, 392 Barnett, Ross 211 start of games 2 Middle Passage across 350 Barnstable, Dale 182-3 taxpayer dollars in 276 464 Index baseball (Continued) revolutionary new form of shoe 396 Berg, Patty 386 televised 136, 219-20, 236, 384, 418 salaries 255-6 Berkeley see under University of trend that saw black youth gravitate states that formed a strong bond California away from 345 with 72 Berlin Olympics (1936) 194, 195, 196, upsurge of interest among urban statewide championships in 422 218, 310 African Americans 191 televised 74, 236, 254, 260, 261, 373, Brundage’s opposition to American war years 160-1 384, 422 boycott 314 women in 130, 132, 133, 134, 136, 388 trend that saw black youth gravitate heavy-handed German propaganda year-round instructional programs toward 345-6 320 428, 429 US losses in Olympics (1972/1988) 327 see also Owens; West Berlin youth 302, 425-6, 428, 429, 442 women/girls in 121, 122, 124-6, Berry, Raymond 217 see also American Association; 130-3, 135, 136, 315, 366-7, 371-4, Bias, Len 413 Brotherhood of Professional 375, 376-7, 385-6 Bibby, Henry 250 Base Ball Players; Little League year-round instructional programs Bible, Dana X. 171 Baseball; major-league baseball; 428, 429 bicycle activity 123-4, 125, 445 National Association of Base youth competitive programs 425 off -road 236 Ball Players; National Baseball see also ABA; ABL; college basketball; racing 1, 20, 186, 228, 234, 410 Hall of Fame; National League; Elite Eight; Harlem Globetrotters; see also Armstrong; Coors Organized Baseball; professional International Basketball International; Fignon; Hinault; baseball; World Series Federation; National Association International Cycling Union; Baseball Commissioners 204, 349, 399, of Basketball Coaches; NBA; Junior World Championship; 400, 401, 418, 452 professional basketball Landis (F.); LeMond; Simpson; Basic Agreement 49, 284, 286 Basketball Association of America 206 Tour de France; Tour du Pont; basketball 1, 208, 211-14, 350, 456 Bauman, Charlie 247 Virenque; World Professional attractiveness to corrupt gamblers Baylor, Don 344 Road Race 182 Baylor, Elgin 351 Bicycle Classic World Professional betting on 182, 396, 397, 399 Baylor University (TX) 377 Road Race 436 big-time 164 Bears of 86 Big East Conference 262, 263, 345, black head coaches commonplace 345 BCS (Bowl Championship Series) 262, 372-4, 375 competitive team sports programs 263, 264, 458 Big Ten Conference 163, 177, 196, 211, in 71-2 Beach, Rex 188 241, 245, 246, 247, 255, 261-3, 266, fantasy 451 Beamon, Bob 318 269-70, 458 greatest player of the last decade 352 Beard, Ralph 182-3 Big-12 Conference 262, 458 heavy representation by outstanding Bears see Baylor University; Chicago billiards 7, 25, 58, 59 black athletes 353 Bears Bird, Larry 260, 292, 294, 327, 413 high school 250, 373, 425, 459 Beasley, DaMarcus 303 Bird, Sue 374 inner-city 4, 5 Beaver Stadium (Penn State) 266, 267, Bissinger, H. G. “Buzz” 424-5 inventor/father of 71, 180 269 Black Coaches Association 344 investors in 140 Beckham, David 303 Black Knights (Army West Point) 183 major-league franchises 277 Bednarik, Chuck 225 Black Muslims 334, 335, 336 most attractive program for prized Bee, Clair 179, 181, 183 Black Panthers 338 recruits 253 Beecher, Catharine 122 Black Power 317, 318, 319 number of franchises in US 277 Beecher, Henry Ward 63 Black Scholar 351 opportunities to learn specifi c skills Beijing Olympics (2008) 329 Black September terrorists 320-1 required of 351 Belgian bicycle racers 410 Black Sox scandal see Chicago White Sox player involvement with gamblers Bell, Bert 217, 218, 223, 225, 226 Blackbirds see Long Island University 241 Bell, James “Cool Papa” 191 Blackburn, Jack 197 popular hyperventilating Belmont, August Jr 158 Blaik, Earl “Red” 183 commentator 235 Belmont Stakes 158 Blevins, Bruce 149 popularity among African Benz, Stanley 338 blood doping 437, 439, 440, 441 Americans 340 Berbick, Trevor 199, 407 Blue Hens (Delaware) 87 popularity of 70, 72, 179 Berenson, Senda 124-5, 126 Blue Ribbon Sports 395 Index 465 boating 64, 123 demand for matches 26 Brooklyn College 180 Bobby Sox Softball 426 demise of 403-5 Brooklyn Dodgers 155, 160, 219, 285, Boggs, Hale 229 drinking before and during a 245, 341 Boise State University 263 bout 410 see also Robinson (Jackie) Broncos of 262 heavy representation by outstanding Brooklyn Eagle (newspaper) 149 Bollettieri, Nick 429 black athletes 353 Brooklyn Eagles 30, 38 Bonds, Barry 348, 349, 416-17, 418-19 legalized in several states 140 Brooklyn Eckfords 29, 30 Bonds, Bobby 416 life after 199 Brooklyn Excelsiors 30, 35, 42 Boozer, Emerson 230 promoting 148, 149 Brooklyn Robins 106-7, 341 Bostic, Joe 200 respectability for 148-51, 223 Brooklyn Superbas 96, 98 Boston, Ralph 318 “scientifi c” 57 Brooks, Herb 307, 308 Boston (racehorse) 16 televised 221-3, 231, 234, 403, 405, Brosnan, Jim 427 Boston (MA) 8, 17, 20, 23, 30, 44, 47, 406, 407, 408 Brotherhood of Professional Base Ball 85, 110, 113, 147, 180, 277 youngest man to win the most Players 50 Braves Field 95 important title 198 Brough, Louise 207 Brookline 59-60, 143 see also prizefi ghting; professional Brown, Jim 274 Clyde Park 59 boxing; Queensberry rules Brown, Larry 329 Court of Appeals 388 Boxing Commissions 403-4, 405, 447 Brown, Mike 424 Fenway Park 95, 156, 283 California 333 Brown, Paul 224, 225, 274, 423 National League franchise 100 Illinois 151 Brown, Tommy 160 Normal School of Gymnastics 123 Nevada 408 Brown Bomber see Louis Sargent School 123 New York 335, 337 Brown Panther see Wills (Harry) Boston Americans/Pilgrims/Puritans see also WBC Brown University 67, 178, 243, 266, 388 99, 101 Boy Czar see Rozelle Browns see Cleveland Browns; St Louis Boston Beaneaters 96, 97 Boy Scouts 64 Browns Boston Braves 69, 115, 155, 220, 279, Braddock, James 198, 199 Brundage, Avery 312, 321, 326 341, 347 Brady, Tom 459-60 anti-Semitic and racist charges Boston Celtics 206, 291, 292, 345, 413 Brandt, Willy 320, 321 314, 318 Boston College 240, 263, 271, 402 Braves see Atlanta Braves; Boston callous and insensitive statements 322 Boston Corners 26 Braves; Milwaukee Braves Bryan, David 19 Boston Harbor 22 Breen, T. H. 10, 13 Bryant, Kobe 329 Boston Marathon 393 Brewer, C. L. 86 Bryant, Paul “Bear” 245, 247-9, 368-9 Boston Record 200 Brezhnev, Leonid 324 Buckley, William F. 323 Boston Red Sox 33, 100, 107, 112, 156, Brigham Young University (UT) 338, Budapest 314 161, 200, 205, 279 339-40 Budge, Don 128, 218 see also Ruth British Amateur (golf ) 145 Bueno, Maria 377 Boston Red Stockings 37, 43, 46 British cyclists 410 Buenos Aires 437 Boston Redskins 205 British Open (golf ) 145, 355, 357, Buff alo 26, 30, 105, 178 Boston Strong Boy see Sullivan (John L.) 431, 433 see also Canisius; Niagara Boston University CTE Center 457 fi rst American to win 144 Buff alo Bills 455 Boudreau, Lou 161 Brock, Lou 101 Bulganin, Nikolai 315 Bowerman, Bill 395 Brooklyn 105, 232 Bulldogs see Canton; Louisiana Tech; bowling 9, 13, 123 Brighton Beach 128 Mississippi State; University of bowling alleys 58, 60 Brownsville 407 Georgia; Yale Bowling Green State University Ebbets Field/Griffi th Stadium 95, Burciaga, J. G. 261 (OH) 402 205, 219 Burke, N. Peg 369 boxing 4, 26, 143, 186-90, 191, 197, Flatbush 107 Burns, Fr James 173 324, 350 Pratt High School 71 Burns, Tommy 186, 187 amateur 142, 337 Prospect Park 18 Burr, Francis 90 appeal of 23 Brooklyn Athletics 37 Bush, George H. W. 267 championship 110 Brooklyn Atlantics 30, 35, 42 Bush, George W. 5, 445 comeback for 54 Brooklyn Brown Dodgers 201 Bush, Guy 115-16 466 Index

Butler, Nicholas 91 McGill University 70 Charles, Ezzard 199 Buttersworth, J. E. 22 see also Montreal; Ontario; Toronto; Charleston (dance) 121 Butts, Wally 248 Vancouver Chase, Hal 109 Byers, Walter 239, 241, 245, 253, 367, Canadian Open (golf ) 433 Chastain, Brandi 384 368, 369 Canisius College 180 Chernenko, Konstantin 324 Byner, Ernie 274 Canton (OH) 223 Cherokee games 10 Bulldogs of 69, 146 Chesapeake Bay 9, 25, 276 Cadets see West Point McKinley High 424 Anglicans of 7 Cahn, Susan 136, 368, 371 Capital Cities 234 Chiang Kai-shek 311 Calhoun, Jim 256 Cardinals see Arizona Cardinals; Chicago Chicago 182, 196, 197, 213, 221, 223, California 36, 42, 127, 133, 173, 188, Cardinals; St Louis Cardinals 248, 277, 301, 333 279, 354, 378, 437, 442-5, 460 Carew, Rod 342 Comiskey Park 95, 154, 194 Alameda County 290 Caribbean 191, 342, 350 Great Fire (1871) 48 Del Mar (racing venue) 158 internet sports books 398 North Side 177 Lomita 69 slaves imported from Africa and 11 Soldier Field 150, 177 Long Beach 377 Carlisle Indian School (Pennsylvania) World’s Fair (1933) 154 Ocean Park 443 147, 171 Wrigley Field (Weeghman Park) 95, Oceanside 443 see also Thorpe; Warner 96, 155, 283 Pasadena 382 Carlos, John 317-18, 319 see also Brundage; DePaul Pebble Beach 355, 436 Carnegie Foundation/Commission University; Gilmore; Johnson Sacramento 413 166, 176-8, 183, 240, 264 (Arnold); Loyola University; Santa Anita (racing venue) 158, see also Pritchett Northwestern University; 159, 160 Carnegie Institute of Technology (Pgh) Rockne; University of Chicago Santa Monica 443 178, 242 Chicago American Giants 190 Torrey Pines 355, 357 Carnera, Primo 198 Chicago Bears 84, 146, 170, 226 Tulare 311, 313 Carpentier, Georges 149 see also Halas; Smith (Lovie) Venice Beach 443 Carson, Johnny 231, 317, 382 Chicago Bulls 293, 294 Winston Cup races 301 Carter, Jimmy 306, 307, 323, 370 Chicago Cardinals 69, 147 Winter Olympics (Squaw Valley Carter, Rosalynn 306 Chicago Cubs 100, 104, 106, 107, 113, 1960) 316 Cartwright, Alexander Joy 29, 30, 36 115, 146, 154-5, 341 see also Boxing Commissions; Castro, Fidel 340 see also Sosa Fresno; Los Angeles; Oakland; Castro, Luis 341 Chicago Defender 190, 200 Rose Bowl (stadium); San Diego; Cavanaugh, John 81 Chicago Eight 110, 111 San Francisco; San Jose; Squaw Cave, Damien 445 Chicago Fire 289 Valley; Stanford; University of Cayleff , Susan 130 Chicago Stadium 222 California CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System) Chicago Tribune 43, 200 California Angels 281 139, 219-20, 225, 227, 229, 231, Chicago Whales 106 calisthenics 65, 122, 123 260, 298, 316 Chicago White Sox 45, 48, 98, 107-11, choreographed 171 Wednesday Night Fights 221 118, 152, 280, 342 mind-numbing repetitive drills 69 see also Husing; Reasoner; Snyder Black Sox scandal 112, 117, 402 winter 70 Celtics see Boston Celtics; New York see also Guillén Caminiti, Ken 418 Original Celtics Chicago White Stockings 43, 44, 45, Camp, Walter 59, 65, 67, 80, 81, 83, 90, Census (1860) 8 46, 49 91, 142, 168 Central Michigan University 87 China 311, 323, 324, 329, 344, 382 The Book of Football 78-9 Cepeda, Orlando 342 see also Beijing Camp Fire Girls 64 CFA (College Football Association) 260 Chippewas see Central Michigan Campanis, Al 352 Chadwick, Henry 38-40, 41, 45 University camping 64 Chamberlain, Wilt (Wilson Norman) choreographed performances 5, 171 Canada 26, 110, 187, 220, 228, 277, 302, 180, 206, 212, 249, 292, 351 Christian, Dave 308 323, 413 Champion, Aaron 37 Christians 53 Little League Baseball 426 Chandler, Albert “Happy” 161, 194, 200 see also Muscular Christianity; Major League Soccer 456 Chapman, Ben 202 YMCA; YWCA Index 467

Christopher, George 280 Coca-Cola 299 growing disgust over the reputation Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Cochrane, Mickey 104 of 126 Saints 339 cockfi ghts 1, 9, 12, 13, 14, 25 importance in American college Churchill, Winston 311 Cofi dis (French cycling team) 439 life 147 Cicarelli, Julianne 362 Cohen v. Brown University (Supreme indoor practice facilities 265 Cicotte, Eddie 108, 110 Court 1996) 388 intense/compelling rivalry 246, 247 Cincinnati 36, 42-3, 44, 48, 213, 282 Cold War 307, 309-16, 391, 426 major 165, 242, 261, 344, 345, 368, 456 Great American Ballpark 283 new rendition of 329 monopolistic control of 234 Paul Brown Stadium 423 Cole Field House 212, 213, 214 NCAA lose monopolistic control Redland Field (Crosley Field) 95, 155 Collective Bargaining Agreement of 234 Riverfront Stadium 349 290, 454 NFL’s unwritten agreement with 289 see also Xavier University college basketball 180, 234, 235, 240, 243, one of the fi rst professional Cincinnati Bengals 277, 424 247, 255, 260, 263, 269, 413, 458 coaches 83 Cincinnati Commercial Gazette 98 betting on 396 only objective in 256 Cincinnati Gazette 37 coach of the year 250 organized hypocrisy 240 Cincinnati Reds/Red Stockings 37, 69, commercialization of 249, 254, 255 popularity of 146, 249 99, 107-8, 152, 153, 155, 160-1, confrontations in 339 problem with 178 205, 341, 399 dollars generated by 264 rapid growth and change in 245 see also Mathewson embarrassingly low graduation rates riddled with corruption 72 City College of New York 180, 181, among squads 264-5 sense of community revealed in 459 182, 183 enormous arenas 265 student protest and cancellation of Civil Rights Acts (1957/1964/1965) 331 extensive national television a game 338 Civil Rights Restoration Act (1987) coverage of 254 televised 241, 261 370, 388 game of the century 252 time and eff ort demanded of 176 Clay, Cassius Marcellus 333-5, 337 hotbed for 181 Yale and 59, 62, 78-82 see also Ali important pioneer in 345 see also CFA Clemente, Roberto 341-2 leading coaches sent to teach around College of the Pacifi c (CA) 84 Clements, William 258 the world 343 College of Wooster (OH) 178 Clemson Tigers (SC) 247 major 181, 182, 242 College Regatta Association 75 Cleveland, Grover 82 points-shaving scandals (1951) 183, Collier’s Weekly 125, 129 Cleveland (OH) 98, 147, 196, 205, 213, 241, 396, 402, 452 Collins, Bobby 258 277, 282, 374 popularity of 249 Collins, Bud 380 East Technical High School 195 providing minority candidates op- Collins, Jason 454 League Park 95 portunities 345 Colombia 341 Municipal Stadium 156, 225, 273 teams that dominated 252 Colorado 148 see also King (Don) unprecedented domination of 250 Boulder 393 Cleveland Browns 205, 224-5, 231, College Coach of the Year 345 Coors Field 283 273-6, 413 college football 4, 74, 142, 143, 163, see also Denver Cleveland Cavaliers 275, 295 174, 227, 233, 234, 264, 411, 414 Colorado Springs 323 Cleveland Indians 108, 118, 204, 274 appointment of black head coach 344 Colorado State University 179, 263, 339 see also Boudreau; Feller; betting on 182, 396, 398 Colts see Baltimore Colts; Indianapolis Newhouser; Robinson (Frank) big-time 170, 171, 175, 176, 239, Colts Cleveland Spiders 97, 100 246, 458 Columbia (DC) see District of Clifton, Nat “Sweetwater” 206 complexity of 177 Columbia climbing 64, 228 confrontations in 339 Columbia University 50, 78, 81, 116, Clinton, Bill 382 dangers posed by concussions 456 178, 243 CNN (Cable News Network) 233, 260, embarrassingly low graduation rates All-Americans of 402 295, 298 among squads 264-5 Baker Field 219 Coakley, Jay J. 353 emerging 85 see also Butler Cobb, Louise 137 excitement that a star could Columbus 137, 170, 245, 277, 303 Cobb, Ty (Tyrus Raymond) 39, 101, generate 170 see also Nicklaus; Ohio State University 102, 105, 118, 141, 399, 400 golden age of 168 Columbus Crews 303 468 Index

Columbus Panhandles 146 Croatia 327, 343 Dean, Jerome “Dizzy” 152-3, 155, Combs, Earle 116 Cronkite, Walter 316 193, 220 Comiskey, Charles 49, 98, 110 croquet 5, 9, 123 Dean, Paul “Daff y” 153 Committee on Baseball Integration 200 Crosby, Bing 312 DeBartolo, Eddie 290 concussions 81, 302, 382, 404, 456-8 Crosby, Sidney 302 Decker, Harry 47 Conerly, Charlie 217 Crosley, Powel 155 Deford, Frank 145, 355, 435 Conference on Athletics and Physical Crowley, Jim 173, 174, 175, 224 Delaware 87, 301 Recreation for Women and Girls Cruickshank, Bobby 144 D’Elia, Guido 268 (1923) 126 CTE (chronic traumatic Dempsey, Jack 148-51, 333, 403 Conference USA 262 encephalopathy) 457 Denison College (OH) 245 Conn, Billy 199, 334 Cuba 322, 340-1 Denver 71, 226, 282 Connecticut 19, 26, 256, 345 X-Giants 190 Coors Field 277 Bristol 233, 376 see also Castro (Fidel); Gavilán; McNichols Arena 446 Hartford 44, 375 Havana; Luque; Marsans; US Open (Cherry Hills 1960) 436 New Haven 78 Mendez Denver Broncos 230, 274, 414 Storrs 376 Curley, Tim 267, 268, 270 Denver Nuggets 292 see also UConn; Yale curling 228 Denver Rockies 277 Connolly, Harold 409-10 Cushing, John 21 DePaul University (IL) 180 Connors, Jimmy 209 Cuyahoga River 274 see also Mikan Continental League 281 Cycling International Reform Depression see Great Depression Coolidge, Calvin 128 Commission 438 Detroit 211, 213, 221, 223 Cooper, Charles 206 see also bicycle activity Comerica Park 278, 283 Cooper, Henry 333 Czechoslovakia 308, 380 Ford Field 278 Cooper, Kenneth 392 Foxtown 278 Cooperstown (NY) 34 Daley, Arthur 147, 218, 221, 222 Golden Gloves competition see also National Baseball Hall of Fame Dallas 131, 220, 229, 230, 277 (1932) 197 Coors International Bicycle Classic 436 Colonial tournament 386 Navin Field (Briggs/Tiger Stadium) 96 Corbett, “Gentleman Jim” 57, 186 Cooper Clinic 439 Palace of Auburn Hills 277 Corbett, Tom 268 see also Southern Methodist Pontiac and Silver Dome 277 CORE (Congress of Racial University; Trevino Royal Oak parish church 157 Equality) 338 Dallas Cowboys 226, 231, 455, 456 Detroit Lions 147, 231, 277-8 Cornell University 81, 171, 243 Dallmar, Howie 253 Detroit Pistons 277, 293, 294, 327 Cortina (Winter Games 1956) 315 Daly, Chuck 327, 328 Detroit Shock 386 Cosell, Howard 231, 232, 233, 317, 335, D’Amato, Cus 407 Detroit Stars 193 378, 426 Daniels, Bruce 8-9 Detroit Tigers 101, 105, 153, 157, 161 Cosmopolitan 125 Danielson, Michael 278 see also Cobb (Ty); Greenberg; Coubertin, Baron Pierre de 309-10, Dartmouth College 178, 243 Newhouser 312, 325-6 Dauphine, Durand de 10 Detroit University 243 Coughlin, Charles 157 Davenport, Lindsay 360, 387 Devore, Leland 92 Council of Bishops 258 Davey, Chuck 222 Dickerson, Denver 188 Count Fleet (racehorse) 158 Davidson, Gary 289 Didrikson Zaharias, Mildred “Babe” 5, Counts, Mel 351 Davies, Sharon 459 129-30, 131, 132-4, 310, 386, 430 Courier, Jim 429 Davis, Al 289-90 DiMaggio, Joe 153, 156, 161 Courson, Steve 412-13 Davis (campus) see under University Disney 234, 236, 276, 281, 428 Court, Margaret 378 of California District of Columbia 106, 332 Cousy, Bob 291 Davis Cup 145, 209 see also Washington (DC) Craig, Jim 308 Dawson City 148 Divac, Vlade 343 Crawford, Scott 296 Dayton 223 Dixon, George “Little Chocolate” 187 cricket 9, 28, 36, 62, 78 Dayton Triangles 146 Doby, Larry 204 rapid decline among American Daytona Beach 296 Dodgers see Brooklyn Dodgers; Los people 38 Daytona International Speedway 297, Angeles Dodgers standards expected of players 41 298-300, 309 dogfi ghts 1, 25 Index 469

Dogtown and Z-boys (documentary fi lm Egan, Dave 200 Ewing, Patrick 327 2001) 443 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 92, 311, 315 extreme sports 442, 445 Dominican Republic 340, 343 Eisner, Michael 234 see also MMA; Octagon; X-Games Donaghy, Tim 452-3 Elder, Lee 343 Donatucci, David 430 Elijah Muhammad 334 Facebook 452 Donovan, Art 198 Eliot, Charles W. 81, 82, 88-91, 166, 176 Famechon, Ray 222 Donovan, Landon 303 Elite Eight 374 Far East sweatshops 346 Dorias, Gus 92 Elizabeth, queen of the United Fashion (fi lly) 16, 17 Dorrance, Anson 381-2 Kingdom 208 Fazio, George 431 Doubleday, Abner 34 Ellington, Buford 316 FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) Douglas, Buster 408 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 63 270, 306, 347, 398, 399, 452 Dow Jones stock index 129 Emmert, Mark 270-1 FDA (Federal Drug Administration) Downing, Al 349 Emory University School of Law 415 Drexler, Clyde 327 (GA) 144 Federal Baseball Club v. National League Du Bois, W. E. B. 190 Enberg, Dick 250 (Supreme Court 1922) 285 Duerson, Dave 457 Engblom, Skip 443 Federal Communications Commission Duff y, Hugh 200-1 England 20, 22, 38, 64 219 Duke, Doris 314 blood sports 13 Federal League 104, 105-6, 110, 118, Duke, Wayne 241 boxers drinking before and during a 281, 284, 341 Duke University 212, 213 bout 410 Fehr, Donald 286, 415 Blue Devils of 250 fi rst televised images (1926) 218 Feller, Bob 161, 193 see also Krzyzewski; Laettner internet sports books 398 Felsch, Happy 109 Duluth 223 prizefi ghting 24 feminists 129, 368 Eskimos of 146 rural 7 Fertitta, Frank & Lorenzo 447 Dumenil, Lynn 141 Engle, Charles “Rip” 266 Fesler, Wes 245 DuMont Network 241 English Channel 128, 129 Field, Marshall 83, 84 Dundee, Angelo 333, 334 Enron 283-4 fi eld hockey 126, 368 Dungy, Tony 344-5 Equal Rights Amendment (1972) 387 Fiesta Bowl (2007) 262 Dunphy, Don 221 equestrian activities 53, 62 Fighting Illini 87, 168 Duquesne University (Pgh) 180 see also harness racing; horse Fighting Irish (Notre Dame) 87, 171-2, All-Americans of 206 racing; horse-trotting; 173, 174, 175, 260, 262 Durocher, Leo 152, 202 horseback riding Fignon, Laurent 437-8 Duval, David 355 Erickson, Rodney 269, 270 Final Fours 212, 243, 254, 255, 345, 372, Erie, Lake 26 376, 424 Earnhardt, Dale “The Intimidator” Cedar Point resort 93, 172 Finkel, Hank 351 299-300 Eruzione, Mike 307 Finland 308 East Germany 322, 323 Erving, Julius “Dr J” 292 see also Helsinki Easterling, Ray 457 ESPN (Entertainment and Sports Finley, Charles O. 220, 277, 281, 285 Eastern Conference 294 Programming Network) 233-4, Firestone, Roy 235 Eastern Europe 311 263-4, 303, 376, 385, 401, 452, 455 Firpo, Luis 149 see also Croatia; Czechoslovakia; Deportes La Revista 235 fi shing 9, 235 Hungary; Lithuania; Poland; SportsCenter 235 Fitzhugh, William 11-12 Romania; Serbia; Ukraine X-Games 236, 444, 445 Fitzpatrick, John 56 Eastern League 291 Esquire magazine 298 Fitzsimmons, Bob 186, 187 Eaton, Lloyd 339 Estes, Linda 368, 369 Fitzsimmons, “Sunny Jim” 158 Eckersall, Walter 81 Eugene see University of Oregon Flood, Curt 284-5, 346 Eclipse (racehorse) 16 Evans, Lee 318 Flood, John 55 Ederle, Gertrude 5, 128-9 Evans, Rob 345 Florida 355, 358, 394, 398, 443 Edström, J. Sigfrid 311 Evashevski, Forest 256 Bradenton (Bollettieri Tennis Education Act (1972) 366 Evert, Chris 128, 377, 380, 387 Academy) 429 Edwards, Harry 318, 338-9, 346, 349, Evey, Stuart 233 Hialeah & Gulfstream (racing 351-2, 418 Ewbank, Weeb 218, 229 venues) 158 470 Index

Florida (Continued) Fort Wayne 206, 291 gender equity 365, 388 Jacksonville Speedway 300 Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons 402 NCAA and 366-71 Orlando 346, 354, 428 see also Detroit Pistons General Mills 155 see also Art Institute; Daytona; Fortune 500 companies 396 General Motors 325, 352, 396 Miami; St Petersburg; Tampa; Foster, Andrew “2Rube” 186, 190 Geneva 315 University of Florida Foster, Jim 376 Gentile, Laura 385 Florida A&M University 208 Foudy, Julie 384 Georgetown University (DC) 242, 345 Florida State University 87 Fox, Richard Kyle 54-5, 56, 58, 186 Georgia Florio, James J. 405 Fox TV 229, 295, 447 Augusta (National Golf Club) 343, 355 folk games 7, 30 foxhunting 59 Collins Hill High School 376 football 1, 67, 70, 166-8, 171-6 Foxx, Jimmie 104, 132 Savannah 20 annual budgets 2 France 10, 145, 150, 157-8, 161, 167, see also Atlanta; University of betting on 182, 396, 397, 399 323, 328 Georgia big-time 164, 176-8 Cannes 128 Georgia Peach see Cobb (Ty) competitive team sports programs Cap Gris Nez 128 Georgia Tech 144, 171, 211, 251 in 71-2 Le Mans 228 All-Americans of 210 emergence of 74-94 Tennis Open (2002) 360 German Reich see Nazi Germany fall 70 see also Carpentier; Cofi dis; Germany 311, 395 golden age of 168-71 Famechon; Grenoble; Hinault; immigrants in US from 23, 36, 48 heavy representation by outstanding Lacoste; Lenglen; Paris; Tour de see also Berlin; East Germany; Leipzig; black athletes 353 France; Virenque Munich; Nazi Germany; Nowitzki; high school 72, 425 France, William (and family) 296-8, 301 Potsdam; West Germany history survey textbooks with pic- Franklin, James 271 Getty Oil 233, 234 tures of college games 4 Frazee, Harry 112, 113 Giamatti, A. Bartlett 33, 399, 400, 401, major-league 277 Frazier, Joe 317, 337, 407 452 opportunities to learn specifi c skills Freeh, Louis 270, 271 Giambi, Jason 415-16, 417, 418 required of 351 French bicycle riders 410 Giants see Atlanta (Bacharach Giants); origins of 70 Fresno State University 263 Chicago American Giants; Cuba popularity among African Ameri- Frick, Ford 347 (X-Giants); New York Giants; San cans 340 Friedan, Betty 365 Francisco Giants representation by outstanding black Frisch, Frankie 152 Gibson, Althea 206, 207, 208, 359, athletes in 353 Fry, Shirley 208 360, 362 spectacle of 85-93 Fullerton, Hugh 107-8 Gibson, Charles Dana see Gibson Girls symbolic patriotic exercises prior to Fürstenfeldbruck airfi eld 321 Gibson, Hoot 210 start of games 2 Gibson, Josh 191, 192 televised 217, 218, 225, 227, 234, 236, Gallant Fox (racehorse) 158 Gibson Girls 125, 127 241, 261, 295, 384, 398, 456 Gallico, Paul 130, 134, 140, 141, 240 Giff ord, Frank 217, 232, 233 youth competitive programs 425 Galloping Ghost see Grange Gilbert, Bil 412 see also college football; professional Gans, Joe 148, 187 Gilbert, Sam 252-4 football; Rose Bowl; rugby; Gard, Eddie 183 Gilded Age 38, 41 soccer; Super Bowl Garnett, Kevin 328 Gildersleeve, John 20 Football Bowl Championship Division Garrett, Sam 405 Gilmore, James A. 105, 106 261, 456 Garrison, Zina 208 Ginobli, Manu 343 see also BCS Gaston, Cito 344 Gipp, George 173, 174-5, 178 Football Championship Subdivision Gatski, Frank 224 Girl Scouts 64 78, 261 Gavilán, Kid (Gerardo González) Gittings, Ina 127, 136, 137 Forbes, J. Murray 59-60 222, 403 Givens, Robin 408 Ford, Gerald 258, 306, 322, 368-9 Gehrig, Lou 116, 191, 342 Glenn, John 391-2 Ford, Len 224 Gelfand, Alan “Ollie” 443 Godfrey, George 186 Ford Motor Company 154, 296 gender discrimination 365, 370, 458 Goebbels, Joseph 198 Fordham University (NY) 180, 219, 243 national struggle against 5 Golden Bear see Nicklaus Foreman, George 318-20, 337, 407 see also feminists Golden State Warriors 295 Index 471

Goldstein, W. J. 4 Great Depression (1930s) 105, 113, 115, high school 206, 249-50 Goldwater, Barry 196 117, 129, 131, 147, 175, 190, 208, private clubs that off ered 53 golf 1, 5, 59, 206, 371, 426, 459 218, 306 gymnastics 63, 310, 328, 388, 459 black players in 350, 351 admissions/attendances during 151-2 elite 428 country clubs that off ered 53, 61, apt metaphor for 153 Olympic 429; see also Korbut; Retton 62, 143 competitive team sports for women opportunities for girls 385 fantasy 451 scuttled 365 televised 324, 428 image as sport for the rich and escape from rural poverty in the world-class 325 wellborn 143 midst of 247 year-round instructional programs 428 millions of new adherents 442 important sense of community opportunities for girls 385 during 193 Haas, Tommy 429 popularity of 60, 62, 142 leading sports fi gures and 140, 191 Hagen, Walter 144 specialized instruction year-round 429 money lost by teams 97 Haines, Jesse 117 team 136, 388 most popular sports fi gure of the era Halas, George 146, 170, 227 televised 346, 353, 355, 358, 386, 433 157-60 Halberstam, David 205, 294 women see women in golf prelude to 139, 151 Hamm, Garret 384 see also British Amateur; British Great Lakes 8 Hamm, Mia 381-2, 383 Open; Grand Slams; Masters Greb, Harry 142-3, 150 Hammond Pros 146 Tournaments; PGA; Ryder Cup; Greek Olympics 310 Hanna, Delphine 69 Seniors Tour; United States Golf Greeley, Horace 24 Happy Valley 266-71, 453 Association; US Amateur; US Green, Dennis 344 Hard, Darlene 207, 208 Open; also under various player Green, Edith 366 Harlem Globetrotters 206, 208 names, e.g. Cruickshank; Duval; Green, Pumpsie 205 harness racing 17, 18-19 Elder; Fazio; Hagen; Hogan (Ben); Green Bay 223 Harper, Jesse 92-3, 172 Jones (Bobby); Kite; Mahan; Man- Green Bay Indian Meat Packing Harper, William Rainey 77, 82-3, 84 grum; Mediate; Mickelson; Miller Company 146 Harper’s Weekly 42, 78 (Johnny); Ouimet; Palmer (Ar- Green Bay Packers 229, 288, 290, 291 Harrelson, Woody 352 nold); Player Ray; Siff ord; Snead; see also Lombardi Harris poll 295 Nicklaus; Norman; Trevino; Greenberg, Hank 157 Harrison, James J. 16 Vardon; Watson (Tom); Weiskopf; Greenlee, Gus 191, 192 Hart, Marvin 186 Woods; Yang Greenwade, Tom 204-5 Hartford Courant 376 Gonzales, Pancho 378 Grenoble (Winter Games 1968) 317 Harvard Graduates’ Magazine 91 Goodell, Roger 456, 459 Gretzky, Wayne 302 Harvard University 9, 65, 67, 75, 78, Goodrich, Gail 250 Grier, Bobby 211 163, 243 Gore, Al 440 Griffi n, Marvin 210 Crimson of 87 Gorn, Elliott J. 4, 13, 14, 23 Griffi th, Calvin 281 Divinity School 63 Goss, Joe 54 Griffi th, Clark 98, 100 see also Eliot; Lowell; Reid; Roosevelt Graff , Steffi 362 Griffi th, Emile 404 (Theodore Jr) Graham, Otto 224 Grim, Allan K. 225 Haskins, Don “The Bear” 213 Grambling State University (La) 211, 332 Grout, Jack 435 Hastings 24 Grand National Championships 299 Grove, Robert “Lefty” 104 Havana 190 Grand Rapids Chicks 135 Grove City College (PA) 178, 370, 387 Hawaii 386, 397 Grand Slams Groza, Alex 182-3 Maui 228 golf 145, 354, 357, 430, 435 Groza, Lou “The Toe” 224, 225 see also Pearl Harbor; University of tennis 360, 362, 380 Gruden, Jon 290 Hawaii; Wie Grange, Harold “Red” 84, 128, 146, 168, Guerrero, Vladimir 342 Hawaii Bowl 258 169, 170-1 Guillén, Ozzie 343 Hawaiian Open (golf ) 433 Grant, Ulysses S. 37 Gulick, Luther H. 69, 70, 71, 72, 421 Hawk, Tony 443 Graves, Abner 34 Gustav, king of Sweden 67 Hawthorne, Nathaniel 63 Gray, Pete 161 Gwatkin, W. E. 163 Hay, Ralph E. 146 Greased Lightning (motion picture gymnasiums 58, 64, 71 Hayes, Bob 317 1977) 300 campus 86, 179 Hayes, Elvin 252, 339 472 Index

Hayes, Woody (Wayne Woodrow) 245, Hollywood 96, 128, 146, 423, 447 Hunt, Lamar 226, 303 246, 247 Holman, Nat 147, 181, 182 Hunter, Jim “Catfi sh” 285 Hazzard, Walt 250 Holmes, Larry 199, 407 hunting 14, 62, 235, 437 Head, Patricia 371-2 Holmes, Oliver Wendell 17, 19, 63, 106 big game 9 see also Summitt (Pat) Holyfi eld, Evander 408 see also foxhunting Hearst, William Randolph 85 homosexuality 146 Hurst, Tim 97 Heenan, John 26-7 female 130 Husing, Ted 143 Heisman, John 171, 289 Hone, Philip 21, 24 Huskies see UConn Heisman Trophy 289 Hoosiers (motion picture 1986) 423 Hutchins, Robert Maynard 84, 163 Helsinki 311, 312, 313, 314, 316 Hoover, Herbert 115, 145 Hyer, Tom 25, 26 Helsinki Olympics (1952) 311-12, 313, Hope, Bob 312, 354 314, 316 Hornsby, Rogers 116 Iba, Hank 180-1, 213 Helton, Mike 301 Hornung, Paul 288 ice-skating 30, 302, 429 Hendershott, John 412 horse racing 19, 85, 159, 160 fi gure 5, 228, 316, 428 Herman, Julie 370 attendances 157 speed 317 Herrmann, Gary 99 betting on 1, 157-8, 397, 398 Idaho State University 82 Hesburgh, Fr Theodore 242, 260, 261 fi xed races 157, 158, 402 see also Boise State Heydler, John 97, 109, 153-4 largely reserved for gentry 12 Illinois 213 Hicks, Thomas 410 legalized 15, 397 Decatur 146 Hietala, Thomas 189 off -track 399 Moline 206, 291 Higginson, Thomas Wentworth 63-4 popularity of 7, 15, 157, 158 Rock Island 291 hiking 64, 65 quarter 14 State Athletic Commission 196 Hill, Mary Alice 369 reputation of 157 State Fair (Du Quoin) 19 Hillenbrand, Laura 157, 158 willingness to risk large sums on 12 see also Boxing Commissions; Hilton, Chip 181 see also Kentucky Derby; Preakness Chicago; Michel; Staley Starch Hinault, Bernard 437 Stakes Makers; University of Illinois Hincapie, George 441 horse-trotting 17, 18, 19 IMG (International Management Hingis, Martina 359, 360 horseback riding 59, 63, 65, 123 Group) 429, 430 Hispanic populations 3, 365 House of David (touring baseball Incognito, Richie 455 baseball 342, 344 team) 132 Indiana 213, 252, 422, 423 football fans 235 Houston 117, 213, 226, 283, 335, 337 Martinsville 249-50 soccer 302, 303 Enron Field/Minute Maid Park Terre Haute (Teachers College/ Hitch, Bob 258 283-4, 342 University) 250, 260 Hitler, Adolf 185, 195, 197, 198, see also University of Houston see also Fort Wayne; Hammond 310, 320 Houston Astrodome 220, 252, 276, Pros; Indianapolis; Milan Indians; Catholic priest’s tirades in support 282, 379 Muncie Central Bearcats; Purdue of 157 Houston Colt-45s/Astros 220, 281 University; South Bend; Wabash Ho, Jeff 443 Houston Comets 386 College Hoboken 16 Houston Oilers 276 Indiana Pacers 292 Beacon Course 20 Houston Rockets 344 Indiana State Prison 408 Elysian Fields 21 Howard, Charles 158-9 Indiana State University 260, 291 hockey 149, 273, 277, 309, 432, 456 Howard, Elston 205 Indiana University 72, 85, 255 college 307 Howard, Tim 303 Hoosiers of 86 fantasy 451 Howe, Steve 413 see also Hoosiers (motion picture); number of franchises in US 277 Howsam, Bob 226 Knight (B.); Sperber Olympic 315 Hoyas see Georgetown Indianapolis 105, 213, 276, 408 professional 302 Hudnut, Thomas 275 Butler University (Field House) 422 youth 425, 430 Hudson River 20, 24, 55 Crispus Attucks High School Tigers see also fi eld hockey; NHL Hughes, Thomas 62 422 Hodges, Gil 203, 281 Hulbert, William A. 44-5, 48 Hoosier Dome 275 Hogan, Ben 355, 430, 431, 432, 435, 436 human growth drugs/hormones 287, Lucas Oil Stadium 255 Hogan, Frank 181-2, 402 411, 414, 417 see also Hudnut Holdsclaw, Chamique 373-4 Hungary 314, 322 Indianapolis 500 race 230, 301 Index 473

Indianapolis Clowns 348 Harvard; Princeton; University of ski 316 Indianapolis Colts 255, 275, 345, 459 Pennsylvania; Yale vertical 444 Indianapolis Olympians 183 Junior Olympics 407 Indianapolis Star 423 Jackson, Joe 108, 109, 110 Junior World Cycling Championship Innsbruck (Winter Games 1964) 316-17 Jackson, Keith 233 (Buenos Aires 1977) 437 Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Jackson, Peter 186 junk sports 5 Sports 344 Jackson, Phil 294 Jurges, Billy 154, 155 Inter-Collegiate Athletic Association 91 Jackson State University (MS) 211, 332 see also AIAW Jacobs, Mike 199 Kalamazoo Lassies 135 Intercollegiate Football Rules Jaeger, Andrea 429 Kane, Martin 350-2, 353 Committee 79 James, LeBron 329 Kansas 180 Internal Revenue Service 245, 259 Japan 139, 311, 323, 343, 384 Leavenworth 190 International Basketball Federation 322 Winter Games (Nagano 1998) 444 Kansas City 105, 220, 279 International Boxing Club 222 see also Tokyo Harry S Truman Complex 282 International Boxing Federation 407 Jay, Joey 427-8 Royals Stadium/Ewing Kauff man International Cycling Union 438, 441 Jayhawks see University of Kansas Stadium 282 International League 117 Jeff erson, Thomas 33, 185 see also University of Kansas International Young Men’s Christian Jeff ries, Jim 5, 148, 186, 187-8, 189 Kansas City Chiefs 229, 277, 288 Association Training School 69 Jenkins, Dan 435 Kansas City Monarchs 190, 193-4, IOC (International Olympic Jenner, Bruce/Caitlyn 326 201, 205 Committee) 307, 311, 320, 323 Jennings, Peter 321 Kansas City Royals 277, 281, 287 essential philosophy of 310 Jensen, Arthur 350 Kardashian, Kris 326 prohibitions on performance- Jethroe, Sam 200 Kauff , Benny 118 enhancing substances 412 Jews 157, 310, 321 Kearns, Jack 149 television rights 309 see also anti-Semitism; Israel; South Keeler, Wee Willie 96, 156 see also Brundage; Coubertin; Philadelphia Kefauver, Estes 396, 398 Samaranch Jim Crow era 185, 194 Kelly, Leroy 232 Iowa 45, 228, 366 Jimmy the Greek see Snyder Kelly, Linda 268 Davenport 291 Johnson, Arnold 220, 279 Kelly, Mike “King” 46 see also University of Iowa; WHO Johnson, Ban (Byron Bancroft) 98-9, Keltner, Ken 156 Iowa Girls High School Athletic 105, 107, 109, 110 Kennedy, John F. 332, 391, 393 Union 125 Johnson, Ben 413 Kennedy, Robert F. 338 Iowa State Agricultural College 171 Johnson, Earvin “Magic” 260, 292-4, 327 Kennedy, Ted 323 Ireland/Irish 19, 20, 23, 36 Johnson, Jack 5, 148, 186, 187, 189, 190, Kenosha Comets 134 see also Dempsey; Fighting Irish; 194, 197, 198 Kent State University (OH) 306, 340 Fox (R.K.); Heenan; Kelly Johnson, Mark 308 Kentucky 13-14, 161, 194, 202 (Mike); Mack; McCoy; McGraw; Johnson, Rafer 315 see also Lexington; Louisville; Morrissey; Ryan (P.); Sullivan Johnson, Robert “Junior” 298 University of Kentucky Irish, Ned 179, 180, 182 Johnson, Walter 192 Kentucky Colonels 292 Iron Curtain 311, 312, 325, 326 Johnson, William R. (Col.) 16 Kentucky Derby 19, 157, 158, 230 fall of 343 Jones, Bobby (Robert Tyre) 140, 144-5, Kentucky Wildcats 86, 182, 212, 213 female athletes with unusual 430, 431, 435 Kershaw, Clayton 285 strength and masculine traits 410 Jones, Marion 417 Kickapoo tribe 66 Olympic medal counts 307 Jordan, Michael 293, 294-5, 327, 345, kickboxers 446-7 Ironton Tanks 146 346, 384, 396, 413 Kidd, Jason 328 Irsay, Robert 275 Journal (New York newspaper) 85 Kilrain, Jake 55, 56, 57 Isle of Wight 21 JP Morgan Chase 283 Kim Duk-koo 404-5 Israel 320-1, 322 jumping 14, 68, 123 King, Billie Jean 5, 377-8, 379, 380, 387 Italy 322, 343, 373, 394 broad 67 King, Don 405, 406, 407-8, 409 see also Cortina high 132, 195 King, Martin Luther 336, 338 Ivy League 78, 242, 243-4 hurdle 131, 132 Kiper, Mel 235 see also Brown University; Columbia long 132, 194-5, 196, 318, 324 Kirkpatrick, Curry 379 University; Cornell; Dartmouth; new techniques of 395 Kite, Tom 436 474 Index

Knievel, Evel 228 Latin America 149, 235, 426 Chavez Ravine 280 Knight, Bob 253, 255, 256 see also Argentina; Colombia; Compton 358, 359, 362 Knight, Phil 384, 395, 396 Mexico; Paraguay; Venezuela Pacifi c Palisades 253 Knight Foundation/Commission Latin Legends Team 342, 343 Pauley Pavilion 254 264, 265 Layden, Elmer 173, 174 Sports Arena 254 Koppel, Ted 352 Lazzeri, Tony 116 see also Davidson; Poulson; UCLA; Korbut, Olga 320, 325 Leahy, Frank 224 USC Korean War (1950-3) 311, 391 Lebanon Valley College (PA) 178 Los Angeles Coliseum 229, 276, Kournikova, Anna 429 Lehigh University (PA) 178 290, 325 Kramer, Jack 378 Leipzig 218 Los Angeles Dodgers 280-2, 343 Kratschmer, Guido 326 LeMond, Greg 436-8, 441 see also Campanis; Downing; Howe Krzyzewski, Mike 255-6, 329 Lemons, Abe 253 Los Angeles Galaxy 303 Ku Klux Klan 157, 335 Lenglen, Suzanne 128, 129 Los Angeles Kings 302 Kuhn, Bowie 284-5, 342, 349 Leningrad (St Petersburg) 374 Los Angeles Lakers 251, 292, 294 Kunzer-Murphy, Tina 370 Leonard, Buck 191-2 see also Johnson (Earvin) Kurland, Bob “Foothills” 181 Leonard, Sugar Ray 407 Los Angeles Olympics Kuznetsov, Vasily 315 Leslie, Lisa 386 (1932) 129, 131, 132, 133, 325 Letterman, David 382 (1984) 310, 323-5, 372 La Salle University (Phil.) 180 Levinsky, Barney “Battling” 150 Los Angeles Raiders 276, 290 Lacoste, René 146 Lewis, Carl 324, 413 Los Angeles Rams 205, 225, 226, 290 lacrosse 70, 234, 243 Lexington (KY) 186 Los Angeles Sparks 386 Lacy, Sam 200 Adolph Rupp Arena 214 Los Angeles Times 253, 281 Ladies Professional Golf circuit see LPGA Life magazine 124 Louis, Joe 194, 196-9, 221, 333, 334, Lady Suff olk (harness racehorse) 19 Lilly, Christopher 24 335, 433 Lady Vols (University of Tennessee) Lingo, Walt 147 buried with full military honors 200 372, 373-4 Lippincott’s Magazine 123 Louisiana 55, 229 Laettner, Christian 327 Liston, Sonny 333-5, 336 see also Grambling; Southern Lafayette College (PA) 178 Lithuania 327, 328, 329, 343 University LaGuardia, Fiorello 200 Little League Baseball 426, 427-8 Louisiana State University 136, 211 Lake Placid Winter Games (1980) 307- Lloyd, Carli 384 Tigers of 86 8, 309, 326 Lloyd, Earl 206 Louisiana Tech 372, 373-4 Lakota Sioux 92, 317 Lobo, Rebecca 373, 386 Louisville 44, 48, 96, 97, 213, 214, 409 LaLanne, Jack 395 Lombardi, Vince 229, 288 Churchill Downs 158 Lamar University (TX) 130 London, Jack 187 see also University of Louisville Lambeau, Curly 147 London 228 Louisville Courier 205 LaMotta, Jake 403 Olympics (1944/1948/2012) 183, Louisville Grays 45 Lance Armstrong Foundation 440 311, 326, 329 Lowell, Lawrence 166 Landis, Floyd 440, 441 see also Wembley Stadium Loyola University (IL) 180, 211-12 Landis, Kenesaw Mountain 106, 110, Long, Russell 229 LPGA (Ladies Professional Golf 111, 112, 115, 117-18, 153, 154, Long Island 18, 19, 65, 301, 394 Association) 133, 386-7 160, 161, 193, 194, 200 Union Course 16, 17 fi rst African American to earn tour Lane, Mills 408 US Open (Bethpage 2002) 356 card 208 Laney, Al 145 see also Manhattan Luisetti, Angelo “Hank” 179 Lanier, Bob 339 Long Island University 179, 180, Luque, Adolfo 341 Lapchick, Joe 147 181, 183 Lapchick, Richard 344 All-Americans of 182 Macfadden, Bernarr 394, 395 Lardner, John 222 Longfellow, Henry 63 Mack, Connie 97, 98, 100, 101, 103-4, Las Vegas 223, 230, 236, 397-9, 401, Lopez, Nancy 386 106, 116, 132, 154, 220, 279 404-9, 447, 451, 455 Lords of Dogtown (fi lm 2005) MacPhail, Larry 155, 200, 201, 204-5 Caesars Palace 199, 228 Los Angeles 146, 187, 193, 236, 252, Madison Square Garden 149, 150, 151, see also University of Nevada Las Vegas 288, 392, 404, 417, 440-1 179, 182, 308 Las Vegas Sun 398 Anaheim 276, 277, 281, 282 Friday night fi ghts 221, 223 Index 475

National Invitation Tournament Martin, Pepper 152 Medwick, Joe “Ducky” 152, 153 212, 249 Martinez, Edgar 342 Meinhof, Ulrike 321 NYAC annual indoor track meet 59 Maryland 10-11, 25, 157, 275, 305 Meir, Golda 321 Mahan, Hunter 357 Battle of Antietam (1962) 35 Melbourne Olympics (1956) 314, 315 Maharg, Billy 108, 110 College Park 413 Memorial Stadiums Maine 65, 86 Pimlico Race Course 159 Berkeley 167 major-league baseball 5, 201, 220, 234, Tidewater region 7 Illinois 169 277-81 see also University of Maryland Mendez, Jose 341 African Americans in 340, 344, 345 Mason-Dixon Line 276 Menzer, Joe 300-1 all-time all-star team comprising Massachusetts 26, 28, 67 Mercedes, Hector 407 Hispanic players 342 Bay Colony 7 Mercury capsule 391, 392 attendances 157 General Court 13 Meredith, Don 231, 232, 233 pressures on to drop its color ban 194 Holyoke 71 Meredith, James 211 share of revenues 284 Springfi eld 64, 69, 71 Messersmith, Andy 285 steroid use in 418 YMCA school 83 Metzger, Sol 240 war years and making do with see also Amherst College; Boston; Meusel, Bob 116 players 161 Hicks; MIT; Smith College; Tufts; Mexico 191, 398 Major League Soccer see MLS Williams College Acapulco 228 Malcolm X 334, 336, 338 Massillon (Washington High School) Mexico City Olympics (1968) 317, 319, Malone, Karl 327 224, 423, 424 320, 350, 412 Manassa Mauler see Dempsey Masters (golf ) tournaments 343, 353, boycott by black athletes 195, 196, Manchester United 303 355, 357, 431, 435, 436 318, 338-9 Mancini, Ray “Boom Boom” 404-5 Mathews, Shailer 90 Meyer, Ron 258 Manfred, Rob 401 Mathewson, Christy 100, 103, 104, 109 Meyers, Ann 385 Mangrum, Lloyd 431 Mathias, Bob 311, 312, 313, 326 Miami (FL) 151, 277, 303, 333, 334, 460 Manhattan 30, 100 Maule, Tex 218 Miami Beach 226 Bowery 17 Mays, Willie 279, 339, 347, 350 Miami Dolphins 455 Park Avenue 226 Mayweather, Floyd 409 Miami Heat 295 Third Avenue 17 McBride, Arthur “Mickey” 224 Miami University (OH) 246-7, 423 Manhattan College 180 McCain, John 415, 417, 447 Redskins of 87 Manley, Dexter 413 McCarthy, Clem 159 see also Hayes (Woody); Mann Act (1910) 189 McCarthy, Joe 153 Schembechler Mantle, Mickey 347 McCleester, Country 25 Michaels, Al 308 Mao Zedong 311 McCombs, Melvin J. 131, 132 Michel, Robert 335-7 Mara, Wellington 227 McCoy, Tommy 24, 25 Michener, James A. 458, 459 Maraniss, David 341 McCray, Nikki 373 Michigan marathon races 5, 228, 234, 322, 459 McDermott, Terry 317 Open Championship (Oakland see also Boston Marathon; Hicks; McGillicuddy, Cornelius see Mack Country Club 1951) 431 New York Marathon McGloin, Matt 266 Winston Cup races 301 Marble, Alice 206, 377 McGraw, John 97, 99, 100, 103, 104, see also Central Michigan University; Marciano, Rocky 199, 333, 403 115, 116, 154, 341 Eastern Michigan University; Marciniak, Michelle 373 McGwire, Mark 287, 349, 414-15, 416, Grand Rapids Chicks; House Marichal, Juan 342 418, 419 of David; Kalamazoo Lassies; Marietta College (OH) 172 McKay, Jim 228, 321 Michigan State University; Maris, Roger 39, 287, 347, 349, 414 McKechnie, Bill 160 University of Michigan; Western Maroons see University of Chicago McKee, Ann 457 Michigan University Marquette University (WI) 243 McNally, Dave 285 Michigan State University 137, 211, Marsans, Armando 341 McNamee, Graham 142-3, 151 241, 260, 291, 339 Marshall, George Preston 205 McNeil, Charles 182 see also Davey martial arts see MMA McQueary, Mike 268 Mickelson, Phil 356, 357 Martin, Charles 214 McVey, Sam 186 Microsoft 276 Martin, Jonathan 455 Mediate, Rocco 355-7 Mid-America Conference 262 476 Index

Mikan, George 180 Moore, Maya 375, 376-7 Nashville Tennessean 141 Milan Indians (IN) 422-3 Morgan, J. D. 252, 253, 254 Nastase, Ilie 378 Miller, Don 173, 174 Morgan, William G. 71 Nation of Islam 335 Miller, Johnny 436 Mormons see Brigham Young National Agreements 49, 50 Miller, Marvin 278, 284, 285, 286 University; Church of Jesus Christ National Amateur Athletic Federation Mills, Billy 317 of Latter-Day Saints (Women’s Division) 126, 137 Mills College (SF) 136 Morrissey, John “Old Smoke” 26-7 National Association of Amateur Milwaukee Braves 220, 279, 348 Moscow 311, 312, 315, 408 Athletics of America 59 see also Jay Olympics (1980) 308, 323 National Association of Amateur Milwaukee Brewers 348, 427-8, 455 Moses, Robert 280 Oarsmen 20 see also Selig Moss, Robert J. 60 National Association of Base Ball Milwaukee Bucks 251, 455 Most Valuable Player awards 69, 156, Players 30, 35-6, 43, 44, 49 Minneapolis 277, 373 161, 204, 342, 343, 346 National Association of Basketball St Paul 220, 281 Motley, Marion 205, 224 Coaches 452 Minneapolis Millerettes 135 mountain climbing 228 National Baseball Hall of Fame 34, 190, Minnesota see Duluth; Minneapolis; Mountain West Conference 262, 347, 399, 419 University of Minnesota 263, 458 fi rst African-American elected to 204 Minnesota Muskies 292 Mourning, Alonzo 328 National Basketball Association see NBA Minnesota Twins 287 multiculturalism 4 National Championship Game 262 Minnesota Vikings 226, 344 Muncie Central Bearcats (IN) 422-3 National Collegiate Athletic Minoso, Minnie 342 Mungo, Van Lingle 155 Association see NCAA Mississippi 56 Munich Olympics (1972) 320-2, 325, National Commission 99 Ole Miss Rebels 86, 345 326, 328, 411 National Football League see NFL Purvis 57 Murakama, Masanori 343 National Guard 306, 338, 340 Richburg 55 Murdoch, Rupert 235 National Invitational Tournament 179, Mississippi City 55 Murdock, Eugene 98, 118 181, 249 Mississippi River 276 Murphy, Isaac 156 National Labor Relations Board 286 Mississippi State University Bulldogs Muscular Christianity 62, 63, 64, 65, National League (baseball) 41, 44-50, 86, 211 66, 72 66, 98, 106, 107, 116, 152, 204, 205, see also Jackson State University doctrines enthusiastically 280, 281, 285, 341, 342, 416 Missouri 142, 163, 277, 281, 394 embraced 88 see also Frick; Heydler; Hulbert; Columbia 86 epitome of 83 NNL; Pulliam Fulton 311 importance of 76-7 National Police Gazette 54, 56 see also St Louis; University of Musial, Stan 161, 220 National Tennis Center 60 Missouri Muskingum College (OH) 391 Native Americans 3, 365 MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Mutscheller, Jim 217 games played by 7, 10 Technology) 176, 178 Myhra, Steve 217, 218 mascots off ensive to 87 Mitchell, Bobby 332 Myopia Club 59-60 squad comprised solely of 147 MLS (Major League Soccer) 303, 456 Myrdal, Gunnar 185, 194, 200 see also Mills; Thorpe; Woods MMA (mixed martial arts) 5, 409, 445-8 Navratilova, Martina 380, 387 Modell, Art 274-6 Nagano 444 Nazi Germany 139, 198 Mohr, Charlie 404 Naismith, James 69-70, 71, 72, 180 Dachau 321 Molinas, Jack 402 Naismith High School National Player see also Berlin Olympics; Goebbels; Monroe Doctrine 149 of the Year 375 Hitler Montana see University of Montana Namath, Joe 229, 230, 232 NBA (National Basketball Association) Montreal Expos 279, 285 NASA (National Aeronautics and Space 5, 183, 206, 251, 291, 327-8, 329 Montreal Olympics (1976) 322, 325, 326 Administration) 392 NBC (National Broadcasting Montreal Royals 200, 202, 341 Johnson Space Center 281 Company) 139, 143, 147, 221-3, Monument Row (Richmond VA) 209 NASCAR (National Association for 227, 229, 252, 260, 261, 263, 295, Moore, Archie 333 Stock Car Auto Racing) 234, 323, 328 Moore, Davey 404 295-6, 297, 298-302, 451 Tonight Show 231, 317 Moore, Lenny 217 Chase for the Championship 298 see also Rotkiewicz; Simmons (Chet) Index 477

NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic New Jersey Generals 289 New York Gothams 38 Association) 5, 81, 137, 165, 179, New Mexico State University 87, 339 New York Harbor 21 181, 211-14, 222, 234, 252-4, 255, see also University of New Mexico New York Herald 17 256-65, 267, 291, 294, 307, 329, New Orleans 23, 55, 56, 57 New York Herald Tribune 137 345, 372-3, 376, 387, 399, 402, 404, Super Dome 277 New York Highlanders 116 412, 453, 457-9 Tulane University 402 New York Jets 229, 230 annual basketball tournament 74 see also Wills (Harry) New York Jockey Club 16 gender equity 366-71 New Orleans Saints 229 New York Journal 85 inclusion of women’s athletics on New Orleans Times-Democrat 187 New York Journal-American 181 equal basis 137 New York 8, 9, 10, 15, 19, 22, 23, 25, 35, New York Knickerbockers 29, 30, 36 lowest rung that does not permit 40, 44, 45, 67, 110, 142, 148, 154, New York Knicks 206, 292, 413 granting of athletic scholarships 85 156, 190, 213, 228, 231, 277, 303, New York Liberty 386 Presidents Council 261 316, 318, 374, 392, 398, 407, 448, 455 New York Marathon 393 UCLA tournament victories 249, Battery 128 New York Mets 113, 281 250, 251 Bronx 95, 283 Citi Field and Shea Stadium 283 see also Emmert; Football Bowl Flushing Meadows 209, 280, 283 New York Mutuals 30, 42 Championship Division Forest Hills 206, 208 New York Nets 292 Nebraska see University of Nebraska Fourth Avenue & 27th Street 29 New York Original Celtics 147, 181, 291 Negro Baseball Leagues 5, 212 Harlem 338 New York State Bar 402 Negro Leagues 190-4, 200, 205, 212, 348 Harry Hill’s Saloon 54 New York State Senate 27 Negro National League see NNL Lexington School for the Deaf 129 New York Times 27, 34, 36, 42, 58, 81, 92, Nelson, Oscar “Battling” 148 Meadowlands 381 93, 150, 172, 186, 214, 219, 223, Nevada 151, 230, 403, 437 Poughkeepsie 122 321, 334, 359, 445 Goldfi eld 148 Public Schools Athletic League 71 see also Daley Reno 148, 188, 189, 397, 437 Southampton (Shinnecock Hills New York Titans 229 Winston Cup races 301 Country Club) 60 New York Tribune 24, 92 see also Boxing Commissions; Las Springfi eld 89 New York Trotting Club 17-18 Vegas; University of Nevada St Andrews Golf Club of Yonkers 60 New York University 69, 91, 179, 180 Nevada Boxing Commission 408 St George’s Cricket Club New York World-Telegram 179 Nevada Gaming Control Board 397 Dragonslayers 36 New York Yacht Club 21 Nevada State College 82 Syracuse 117, 206, 263, 291 New York Yankees 104, 112, 114, 279 Nevins, Allan 33 Tammany Hall 27 television revenues 219 New England 8-10, 113, 402, 460 Troy 26 see also DiMaggio; Gehrig; see also Connecticut; Maine; Union Club 58 Giambi; McCarthy (Joe); Massachusetts; New Hampshire; Union College 90-1 MacPhail; Mantle; Maris; Rhode Island World’s Fair (1939) 218 Ruppert; Ruth; Steinbrenner; New England Patriots 258, 291, 459 WTC terrorist attack (2001) 2, 328 Yankee Stadium New Hampshire see also Boxing Commissions; New Yorker 145 International Speedway 299 Brooklyn; Buff alo; City Newcombe, Don 203 Lake Winnipesaukee 75 College; Columbia University; Newell, Pete 250, 253 Winston Cup races 301 Cooperstown; Cornell University; Newfi eld, Jack 408 see also Dartmouth Fordham University; Harlem Newhouser, Hal 161 New Jersey 324 Globetrotters; Hudson River; NFL (National Football League) 146, Atlantic City 397, 454 LaGuardia; Lake Placid; Long 147, 170, 211, 231, 235, 278, 288, East Rutherford (Meadowlands Race Island; Madison Square Garden; 299, 340, 412-13, 451-2, 455, 460 Track) 19 NYAC; Rochester; St Bonaventure; banned substances 415 New Brunswick see Rutgers St John’s; West Point betting on games 398 Newark 49, 191 New York Daily News 200 concussed players 457 Portrush Club 61 New York Giants 99, 107, 155, 205, 217, expansion franchises 226, 275 Sandy Hook 128 233, 281, 341 fi rmly established as major see also Florio; Hoboken; Seton Hall see also Mathewson; Mays; Polo professional league 217 University Grounds; Thorpe Hall of Fame 344, 456, 457 478 Index

NFL (Continued) Northwestern University 84, 177, 178, Ohio Wesleyan University 77 lucrative off ers to coach in 266 266, 267, 402 Okker, Tom 209 male-dominated executive offi ces Wildcats of 86 Oklahoma A&M 180, 213 of 454 Norton, Ken 407 Oklahoma City 66, 276, 442 merger of AFL and 289-90 Norway 130, 172, 308 Oklahoma City University 253 Most Valuable Player award 69 Notre Dame see University of Notre Oklahoma State College/University number of black players in 346 Dame 87, 181 player earnings 218, 224 Nova, Lou 219 see also Iba; Osage; University of popularity of 291 Nowitzki, Dirk 343 Oklahoma small and obscure southern black Nuxhall, Joe 160-1 Olbermann, Keith 235 colleges sending top players NYAC (New York Athletic Club) 58, 59 Oliva, Tony 342 to 332 Olympic Games 310, 391, 409-10, 417, steady growth (1950s) 225 Oakland 277, 282, 395 428-9, 447 substantial threat to 289 see also Golden State Warriors see also AOC; Brundage; Coubertin; televised games 217, 218, 225, 227, Oakland Athletics 220, 281, 285, 287 IOC; Junior Olympics; USOC; 234, 398 Oakland Coliseum 290 also under following venues: see also Bell (Bert); Modell; Rozelle Oakland Raiders 274, 276, 288, 289-90, Athens; Atlanta; Barcelona; NFL Today (TV show) 398 344, 414 Beijing; Berlin; Cortina; Grenoble; NHL (National Hockey League) 234, Obama, Barack 5 Helsinki; Lake Placid; London; 277, 302, 307 Oberlin College 69 Melbourne; Mexico City; Niagara University 180 Octagon, The 446-7, 448 Montreal; Moscow; Nagano; Nicklaus, Jack 355, 356, 430, 433, 434, Oglala Lakota Sioux 317 Paris; Rome; Seoul; Squaw Valley; 435-6 Ohio 72, 100, 275, 295, 405 St Louis; Stockholm; Sydney; Nielsen ratings 231 Camden 124 Vancouver Nike 294, 346, 354, 357, 384, 395-6, 439 Cedar Point 172 Omaha (racehorse) 158 Niles Register 16 Cuyahoga County 276 O’Malley, Walter 280, 282 Ninth Court of Appeals 419 Hamilton 160 Ontario 10 Nittany Lions (Penn State) 266, 267, 271 LaRue 147 Long Point 26 see also Paterno New Concord 391 Oorang Indians (OH) 147 Nixon, Richard M. 258, 306, Scioto Country Club 435-6 OPEC (Organization of Petroleum 347, 349 Steubenville 398 Exporting Countries) 306, 323 NNL (Negro National League) 190-1, Toledo 148 Oregon 366 193, 194, 205 see also Akron; Bowling Green State see also Portland; Reed College; Noll, Chuck 413 University; Canton; College of University of Oregon Nome 148 Wooster; Columbus; Dayton; Organized Baseball 5, 33, 45, 99, 104, Nomo, Hideo 343 Denison College; Ironton Tanks; 106, 110, 134, 140, 160 Noonan, Frank 268 Kent State University; Marietta cardinal rule prohibiting betting 399 Norman, Greg 436 College; Massillon; Miami demands that it end its racial ban 193 North Atlantic 9 University; Muskingum; Oberlin; economics of 278-84 North Carolina 14, 190, 374 Oorang Indians; Portsmouth exclusion of blacks/African Charlotte 296 Spartans; Western Reserve Americans 111, 190, 200, 332 Fayetteville 67 Ohio National Guardsmen 340 integration of 212 Level Cross 299 Ohio Open Golf (1956) 436 performance-enhancing substances Wake Forest College 432 Ohio River 43, 212-13, 277 and 415-16, 417 Wilkes County 298 Ohio Stadium 245 player suspended four times from 413 Wilmington 208 Ohio State University 74, 136-7, 163, racial segregation 118 see also Duke University; University 167, 168 serious public relations dilemma 414 of North Carolina All-Americans of 402 success in eliminating fi xed games 402 North Carolina State University 370 Buckeyes of 86, 245, 246, 247, 264 Oriard, Michael 4, 85, 244, 260, 456, 458 North Dakota 220 see also Brown (Paul); Foster (Jim); Osage (OK) 152 Fargo 347 Hayes (Woody); Owens; Palmer Ouimet, Francis 143, 144 Fighting Sioux of 87 (Gladys); Schlichter Outer Mongolia 294 Index 479

Outlook, The 125 Three Mile Island 307 Philadelphia SPHAs 291 Owen, David 353 see also Carlisle Indian School; Grove Philadelphia Warriors 206, 292 Owen, Janet 137 City College; Lafayette College; Philip Morris Company 298 Owen, Marvin 153 Lebanon Valley College; Lehigh Philippines see Pacquiao Owens, Jesse 5, 194, 195, 196, 324 University; Penn State; Phila- Phoenix 276, 277, 393 Oxford (OH) see Miami University delphia; Pittsburgh; University Chase Field (Bank One Park) 283 of Pennsylvania; Waynesburg Phoenix Mercury 386 Pac-10 Conference 262, 458 College; West Chester University; Pierce, Daniel 296 Pac-12 conference 261, 263 Westminster College; Williamsport Pierce, Franklin 75 Pacifi c Coast Conference 179, 241 Pep, Willie 222 Pierce, Palmer (Capt.) 91 Pacifi c Northwest 276 Peralta, Stacy 443 Pinstripe Bowl 271 Pacifi c Ocean 228 Perez, Tony 342 Pittsburgh 48, 95, 105, 192, 223, 282, 284 Pacquiao, Manny 409 performance-enhancing substances Forbes Field 115, 191, 342 Paige, Leroy “Satchel” 192-3 410-17, 437, 439, 440 Heinz Field 283 Palestinians 320-1 see also human growth drugs/ Homestead Grays 191-4, 205 Palmeiro, Rafael 418 hormones; steroids PNC Park 283 Palmer, Arnold 355, 430, 431-3, 434, Perkins, Frances 137 see also Carnegie Institute; Duquesne 435, 436 Perry, Richard “The Fixer” 402 University; University of Pittsburgh; Palmer, Gladys 137 Petty, Adam 299 Webster Paraguay 148 Petty, Kyle 299 Pittsburgh Courier 191, 194, 202 Paret, Benny “Kid” 404 Petty, Lee 299 Pittsburgh Crawfords 191, 192 pari-mutuel system 157-8 Petty, Richard 299 Pittsburgh Kid see Conn Paris 437 Peytonia (fi lly) 17 Pittsburgh Panthers 171 Eiff el Tower 228 PGA (Professional Golf Association) Pittsburgh Penguins 302 French Open Tennis (1956) 208 144, 353, 355, 357, 430-2 Pittsburgh Pirates/Steelers 98, 99, 115, IOC formed (1894) 310 Golfer of the Year 435 147, 191, 225, 274, 291, 342, 416 Olympics (1924) 128, 312 Rookie of the Year 433 see also Clemente; Courson; Tomlin Roland Garros Stadium 380 see also LPGA Player, Gary 435 Parish, Robert 292 Phelps, Digger 253 Players’ Association Parker, Frank 218 Phelps, Michael 328 baseball 278, 284, 286 Parmelee, Roy 155 Phil Douglas Show 354 football 290 Patera, Ken 411 Philadelphia 8, 23, 28, 30, 44, 48, 85, 89, Players’ League (baseball) 50, 96, 97 Paterno, Joe 266-71, 453, 454 97, 116, 150, 169, 190, 191, 232, Plessy v. Ferguson (Supreme Court Paterno, Sue 266 282, 284 1896) 185 Patrick, Dan 235, 401 Citizens Bank Park 283 Plump, Bobby 422, 423 Patten, Gilbert 62 Franklin Field 225 Poland 322 Patterson, Floyd 333, 335 Lincoln Financial Field 283 Pollard, Red 158, 159, 160 Payne, Tom 214 Quaker population 9 Polo Grounds (NYC) 87, 100, 103, 146, Payton, Gary 328 Schuylkill River 20 149, 173, 279 Peale, Norman Vincent 252 Shibe Park 95, 106 Four Horsemen at 174 Pearl Harbor 160, 199, 335 see also Donaghy; La Salle University; no longer a major-league venue 280 Pearson, David 299 Temple University; University of replaced (1911) 95 Pegler, Westbrook 200 Pennsylvania; Villanova University Poole, William “Bill the Butcher” 26 Penn State University 191, 266-7, Philadelphia Athletics 49, 152, 341 Pop Warner Football 426, 428 269-71, 453 see also Mack Porter, William T. 15, 16 see also Barbour; Beaver Stadium; Philadelphia Bell 289 Portland 384 Nittany Lions; Paterno; Sandusky; Philadelphia Eagles 147, 219, 223, 225 Portland Beavers 303 Yesalis Philadelphia Inquirer 424 Portland Timbers 303 Pennsylvania 9, 146, 258, 424 Philadelphia North American 108 Portsmouth Spartans (OH) 147 Harrisburg 267 Philadelphia Phillies 98, 100, 104, 152, Posey, Cumberland 191, 192 Latrobe 431 155, 161, 202, 203, 286 Posnanski, Joe 269, 274, 275 Norristown 373 Philadelphia 76ers 292 Potawatomi tribe 66 480 Index

Potsdam 218 Carnera; Carpentier; Charles; Pujols, Albert 342, 459 Pottawatomie Giant see Willard (J.) Clay; Conn; Cooper (H.); Pulitzer, Joseph 85 Poulson, Norris 280 Corbett (G.J.); Dempsey; Firpo; Pulliam, Harry 99 Povich, Shirley 200 Fitzsimmons (B.); Foreman; Puma 360 Power, Vic 205 Frazier; Gans; Gavilán; Griffi th Purdue University (IN) 250 Power Five conferences 263-4 (E.); Holmes (L.); Holyfi eld; Puritans 8, 9, 10 Powers, Jimmy 200 Jeff ries; Johnson (Jack); Kim; see also Boston Americans Pratt, Richard Henry 66 LaMotta; Leonard (S.R.); Liston; Purolator 299 Pravda 315 Louis; Mancini; Marciano; Pyle, C. C. (“Cash and Carry”) 170 Preakness Stakes 158 Mayweather; Mercedes; Mohr; Presbyterians 63, 70, 88 Moore (A./D.); Nelson; Norton; Quakers 9, 10 Princeton University 75, 76, 78, 79, 87, Pacquiao; Patterson; Pep; see also University of Pennsylvania 90, 219, 243, 339 Robinson (S.R.); Schmeling; Queensberry rules 54, 57 Tigers of 86 Spinks; Sullivan (J.L./Y.); see also Wilson (W.) Terrell; Tunney; Tyson; Walcott; race relations 5, 150, 346 Pritchett, Henry 176, 239 Willard (J.) major milestone in 214 prizefi ghting 54-8, 149, 186, 197 professional football 69, 140, 205, 219, major study of 185 bare-knuckle 1, 13, 22, 446 287, 289, 346, 409 new era in 340, 362 championship 379 anabolic steroid use 412 racial stereotypes 199, 333 formative years of 22-7 banishment from 402 crude 213 state that openly permitted 403 betting on 396 means of breaking down taboos see also anti-prizefi ghting; kickboxers black representation in 346 and 203 professional baseball 67, 68, 99, 111, coming of age 218, 223-5 popularity of 188, 197 142, 343 cradle of 146 well-established 197 besmirched image of 141 creation of small number of clubs 146 widely-accepted 87 early years 42-6 dangers posed by concussions 456 Racine Belles 134 growing international composition enormous popularity of 451 racism 6, 68, 101, 102, 194 of 340 greatest day in the history of 218 assumptions of 351 long-time barrier breached in 344 illicit payments to players 265 blatant 359 popularity of 36, 273 investors in 140, 226 charges of 318 pressures on the whole structure one of the greatest coaches in the crude comments 347 of 201 history of 288 entrenched 346 public appeal 76 salaries 286, 289, 291 exploiting 54 salaries 291 second largest metropolis without 276 pervasive 185 see also All-American Girls televised 295 vile threats 455 Professional Baseball League value of 2 Raiders see Los Angeles Raiders; professional basketball 140, 148, 206, 409 vast potential off ered for commercial Oakland Raiders betting on 396 exploitation by television 217 Raleigh-Durham 277 black representation in 346 see also APFA; NFL Ralph, Shea 374 early eff orts to create a league 147 Professional Golf Association see PGA Ramirez, Manny 342 greatest player in the history of 295 Prohibition 121 Rams see Los Angeles Rams; St Louis leading coaches sent to teach around Prologue time trial 439 Rams the world 343 Protestants Randall, Semeka 374-6 popularity of 273, 292 clergy 63 Rasmussen, Bill 233 product endorsement 294 work ethic 24 Raveling, George 345 salaries 286, 291 Providence Steam Rollers 146 Rawlings (sporting goods company) 45 unstable nature of 291 Pryor, Richard 300 Ray, Ted 143 see also Women’s Professional Puerto Rico 329, 340, 343 RCA Iconoscope cameras 218-19 Basketball League Santurce Crabbers 341, 342 Reagan, Ronald 154-5, 175, 308, 323, professional boxing 58, 65, 196, 221 Puerto Rico Triple Crown 342 338, 370 see also under names of various boxers, pugilism 1, 9 Reasoner, Harry 301 e.g. Baer; Berbick; Braddock; see also boxing recreational drugs 410 Index 481

Redbirds 459 Rome Olympics (1960) 315, 316, 333, 410 off -the-fi eld excesses 141 see also St Louis Cardinals Roosevelt, Eleanor 137 retired (1935) 153 Redskins see Boston Redskins; Miami Roosevelt, Franklin D. 139, 155, 160, 189 Ryan, Joan 428-9 University; Washington Redskins Roosevelt, Theodore 5, 64-6, 90 Ryan, Paddy 54, 55 Reebok 359, 360 Roosevelt, Theodore Jr 90 Ryder Cup 434 Reed, Billy 402 Root, Charlie 115 Reed College (OR) 178 Rose, Pete 101, 343, 399, 400, 401, 452 Sac and Fox tribe 66 Reese, Pee Wee 202 Rose Bowl Salad Bowl 245 Reeves, Dan 227 game 84, 143, 171, 245, 261, 263; Salt Lake City 303 regattas 21, 75 see also BCS Sam, Michael 454-5 Reid, Bill 91 stadium 211, 245, 382 Samaranch, Juan 326-7 Reo automobiles 113 Rosen, Charley 182 San Diego 282, 443 Retton, Mary Lou 324-5 Ross, Stephen 301 Petco Park 283 Reynolds Tobacco Company 301 Rothstein, Arnold 110, 117 see also under University of California Rhode Island Rotkiewicz, Stan 218 San Diego State University 369 Newport 21, 60 rounders 27-8, 34, 38 San Francisco 26, 30, 37, 57, 158, 188, 282 US District court 388 Rousey, Ronda 447 Candlestick Point/Park 280, 283 see also Brown University; Rowe, Curtis 250 Golden Gate Park 393 Providence Steam Rollers Rowe, Marjorie 137 Pac Bell Park (SBC Park/ATT Park) Rice, Grantland 140-6, 169-70, 173, 174 rowing clubs 20, 75 283, 416 Rice, Ray 454 Roxborough, John 197-8 see also Mills College; University of Rich, Charles 55 Rozelle, Pete 226-7, 229, 231, 287-8, 290 San Francisco Richardson, Michael 413 Rubinstein, Helena 136 San Francisco Bay 393, 417, 418 Richardson, Nolan 345 Rudolph, Wilma 5, 315-16 McCovey Cove 416 Rickard, George “Tex” 148-51, 188, 189 rugby 75, 78, 79, 91 San Francisco Chronicle 415 Rickey, Wesley Branch 116-17, 134, 152, Rugby School 62 San Francisco 49ers 224-5, 455 200-5, 281 Ruggles, Charles R. 24 see also DeBartolo rifl e ranges 58 Rumble in the Jungle (Ali-Foreman San Francisco Giants 205, 280, 283, 343 Riggs, Bobby 378, 379 1974) 407 see also Bonds (Barry) Riley, Pat 212 running 9, 14, 64, 68, 123 San Jose 277, 303 Rivera, Mariano 342 aerobic-style 393 San Jose State University 263, 318, Rizzotti, Jennifer 373 indoor/outdoor tracks 58 319, 338 Robber Barons see Stanford long-distance 13, 123, 392, 394 Sánchez Vicario, Arantxa 359 Roberts, Randy 150 millions of new adherents 442 Sandusky, Jerry 267-70, 453, 454 Robertson, Oscar 206, 346, 422 new techniques of 395 Sanity Code 240-1, 243 Robinson, David 327 treadmill 132 Sargent, Dudley A. 121 Robinson, Frank 344, 350 see also marathon races Saturday Evening Post 134, 242, 248 Robinson, Jackie 5, 49, 200-2, 203, running shoes 393, 395-6 Savage, Howard J. 177 204-6, 220, 332, 346, 347, 349, 352 Runyan, Damon 152, 196, 20 Sawyer, Diane 326 Robinson, Sugar Ray 403 Rupp, Adolph “Baron” 181, 182, 212-14 Schembechler, Glenn “Bo” 246, 247, 265 Robinson, Wilbert 107 Ruppert, Jacob 116 Scherick, Ed 227 Rochester 144, 206, 291 Russell, Bill 206, 291, 350, 352 Schlichter, Art 402 US Open (1968) 433 Russia 329, 343, 386, 411 Schmeling, Max 197, 198-9 Rochester Royals 206 see also Moscow; Soviet Union Joe Louis’s funeral paid in part by 200 Rockford Peaches 134 Rutgers University 75-6, 178, 263, Schmoke, Kurt 278 Rockne, Knute 93, 171-6 374, 375 Schollander, Don 317 Rodriguez, Alex 285-6 see also Herman Schultz, Gary 269, 270 Rodriguez, Ivan “Pudge” 342 Ruth, George Herman “Babe” 41, 102, scientifi c baseball 100 Rogers, Donald 413 107, 112, 114, 1116, 128, 130, 142, Scotland 60 Rogers, Will 151 154, 191, 193, 294, 347, 348 349, see also St Andrews Romania 308, 324 354, 417 Scott, Gene 379 see also Nastase; Spirlea death (1948) 113 Scott, Walter 177 482 Index

Scott, Wendell 300-1 Shipnuck, Alan 439 professional 234, 302, 303-4 Scurry, Briana 384 Shockley, William 350-1 specialized instruction year-round 429 Seabiscuit (racehorse) 158, 159, 160 Shorter, Frank 322 televised 228, 302, 382, 383 Seattle 228, 277, 282, 455, 460 Shreveport Steamer 289 women’s 382, 383, 384 CenturyLink Field 303 Siciliano, Angelo see Atlas young girls 371 Key Arena 276 Sierra Nevada 315, 316, 437 youth 302, 381, 385, 425, 456, 459 Safeco Field 276, 283 Siff ord, Charlie 343 see also MLS; US Soccer Federation Seattle Mariners 276, 285, 343, 344 Simmons, Al 104 Social Darwinism 65, 81 Seattle Seahawks 230, 276, 303 Simmons, Chet 233 softball 126, 130, 132, 371, 459 Seattle Sounders 303 Simon, Abe 199 eff orts to establish viable Seattle Supersonics 276 Simpson, Tommy 410 professional leagues 385 Seau, Junior 457 Sipe, Brian 274 fast-pitch 40, 134 Seaver, Tom 281 Sir Henry (racehorse) 16 opportunities for girls 385 segregation 49, 136, 212-14, 248-9, 316 Skateboarder (magazine) 444 slow-pitch 5, 28-9, 234 eff orts to end/counter 118, 186 skateboarding 5, 235, 236, 442, 444-5 year-round instructional programs 428 enduring and surviving slavery low-to-the-ground 443 youth competitive programs 425 and 350 skating 123 see also Bobby Sox Softball hotel 211 see also ice-skating Sollazzo, Salvatore 183 housing 339 Slammin’ Sammy see Snead Somers, Charles 98 military 194 Smith, Al 145 Sony Pictures 443 pervasive 95, 185 Smith, Bubba 211 Sörenstam, Annika 386 policies of 341, 343 Smith, Dean 256 Sosa, Sammy 287, 342, 414, 418 school 208, 210 Smith, Edgar 156 South Africa 148, 314, 410 ski resort 442 Smith, Gary 354 apartheid 209, 316 spread of 332 Smith, James “Bonecrusher” 406, 407 South African Open Tennis Tourna- struggle against discrimination Smith, John Matthew 249, 252, 253 ment 209 and 331 Smith, Lovie 345 South Bend (Central High School) 250 swimming pool 351 Smith, Orlando “Tubby” 214 see also University of Notre Dame Seitz, Peter 285 Smith, Red 321 South Bend Blue Sox 134 Seles, Monica 429 Smith, Ronald A. 164, 241 South Bend Tribune 85 Selig, Bud 204, 286, 401, 418 Smith, Stan 378 South Carolina 14, 452 Seminick, Andy 203 Smith, Tom 158-9 see also Clemson Tigers Seminoles see Florida State University Smith, Tommie 317-18, 319 South Carolina State University 211, Seneca tribe 20 Smith, Wendell 194, 200, 205 212, 249, 256 Seniors Tour (golf) 432 Smith College/Smith Rules (MA) 124, 125 South Dakota 92, 220 Seoul Olympics (1988) 327, 413 SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinat- Badlands 65 Seton Hall University (NJ) 180 ing Committee) 338 Pine Ridge reservation 317 sexism 6, 379 Snead, Sam 430, 431, 432 see also Yankton College entrenched 5 Snell, Matt 230 South Pacifi c 391 sexual orientation 130, 133, 454, 455 Snipes, Wesley 352 South Philadelphia Hebrew Seymour, Charles 109, 118 snowboarding 5, 442, 444, 445 Association 291 Seymour, Harold 51 Snyder, Jimmy “The Greek” 352, 379, 398 Southeastern Conference 181, 211-12, Shackelford, Lynn 250 soccer 75, 76, 78, 126, 273, 321, 430 235, 241, 248, 262, 263, 372, 454, Shah of Iran 307 eff orts to establish viable profession- 456, 458 Sharapova, Maria 429 al leagues 385 desegregation at schools 249 Shaughnessy, Dan 113 hoped-for development into national Southern Colonies 10 Shaw, David 344 craze 303 Southern Conference 240 Sheehan, Patty 386 indoor versions of 70 Southern League 43 Sheffi eld, Gary 418 international 399 Most Valuable Player in 161 Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) 106 opportunities for girls 385 Southern Methodist University 258-9, Shibe, Ben & Tom 98 players imported from Europe or 264-5 Shields, L. Donald 258 South America 303 Southern University (La) 211, 332 Index 483

Southwest Conference 248 St Louis Cardinals 104-5, 113, 116, 132, Sugar Bowl (1956) 210 Southwestern Conference 211 153, 154, 276 Suggs, Louise 386 Soviet Union 282, 307, 309, 311-15, 321 see also Dean; Flood (Curt); Sullivan, Ed 200 collapse of (1991) 327 McGwire; Pujols; Rickey Sullivan, John L. 54-5, 56, 57-8, 186, invasions: Afghanistan (1979) 308, St Louis Rams 455 187, 403 323; Hungary (1956) 314 St Louis University 172, 180 Sullivan, Yankee 24, 25, 26 space race/missile expertise 391 St Petersburg (FL) 278 Sumlin, Kevin 344 US Olympic basketball loss to 322 see also Tampa Bay Devil Rays Summitt, Pat 372, 373-4, 376-7 see also Abrosimova; Andropov; St Petersburg (VA) 16 Summitt, R. B. 372 Avilov; Brezhnev; Bulganin; Stagg, Amos Alonzo 77, 83-4, 168, 171, Sun Belt Conference 262 Chernenko; Stalin 177, 266 Suncoast Dome see Tampa Bay Devil Sowell, Thomas 199 Staley Starch Makers 146 Rays Spain 326, 329, 343 Stalin, Joseph 282, 312, 315 Super Bowl 229-30, 274, 277, 288, 290, Spalding, Albert 34, 42, 45-7, 49, 50 Stanford, Leland 87 379, 414, 459 Spalding’s Baseball Guide 40 Stanford University 77, 82, 84, 91, 136, betting on 399 Spalding’s Offi cial Baseball Guide 45 339, 376 fi rst black head coach to win 344-5 Spanier, Graham 267, 270 Big Game against Berkeley (1928) 167 French equivalent of 437 Spanish-speaking stations 303 Indians/Robber Barons of 87 Super Mex see Trevino Speaker, Tris 118 Rose Bowl (1927) between Alabama surfi ng 228, 442, 443, 444 Sperber, Murray 87, 171, 174, 239, and 143 see also skateboarding; windsurfi ng 245, 256 see also Green (Dennis); Knight; survival of the fi ttest 81, 101, 350 Spink, J. G. Taylor 203 Luisetti; Mathias; Shaw; Warner; Suzuki, Ichiro 343 Spinks, Leon 337, 407 Woods Sweden 308, 383 Spinks, Michael 407 Stanky, Eddie 202, 204 see also Edström; Gustav; Myrdal; Spirit of the Times 15, 16 Stannard, Henry 19 Sörenstam Spirits of St Louis 292 Starr, Bart 288 Sweet, Judith 370 Spirlea, Irina 359 Stassen, Harold 242 Swift, Walter 83 Sporting News 182, 203 Steeprock, John 20 swimming 1, 9, 21, 63-5, 121, 125, 131, Sports Antitrust Broadcast Act Steers, George 21 234, 243, 324, 371, 388, 392, 459 (1961) 227 Steinbrenner, George 283, 285, 286, 287 amateur national and world Sports Illustrated 214, 218, 234, 236, 354, Stengel, Casey 281 records 128 359, 373, 402-3, 435 Stephens, Sandy 211 black 350, 352 Sportsman of the Year (1986) 266 stereotypes 122, 367 country clubs that off ered 53 see also Alzado; Deford; Gilbert (Bil); see also racial stereotypes elite 350 Kane; Kirkpatrick; Paterno Stern, Bill 219 English Channel 128, 129 Sprint Cup 301 Stern, David 386, 453 indoor 393 Sputnik 391 steroids 287, 324, 348, 410-12, 414-18 lap 395 Squaw Valley (Winter Games 1960) Stevens, John Cox 16, 19, 21, 22 millions of new adherents 442 315, 316 stimulants 410, 412 Olympic 310, 317, 322, 328 St Andrews 357 stock car racing 5, 228 opportunities for girls 385 St Bonaventure University (NY) 180 see also NASCAR team 136 St John’s University (NY) 180, 253 Stockholm Olympics (1912) 66, 67, 68, youth 385, 426, 428, 438 St Louis 8, 44, 48, 96, 98, 142, 201, 282 92, 312 see also Ederle; Phelps (M.); Busch Stadium 459 Stockton, John 327 Schollander; Spitz KMOX Radio 459 Stojakovic, Peja 343 swimming pools 64 Olympics (1904) 410 Stoneham, Charles 100 empty 443 Ryder Cup (1973) 434 Stoneham, Horace 117, 155, 280 indoor 58 Washington University 242 Streit, Saul S. 183 Olympic 320 see also Spirits of St Louis Strong, Charlie 344 private clubs that off ered 53 St Louis Browns 43, 49, 107, 116, 160-1, Strong, George T. 22 segregated 351 220, 279 Stubbs, Joseph 77 Switzer, Barry 368-9 see also Rickey Stuhldreher, Harry 173, 174 Swopes, Sheryl 386 484 Index

Sydney Knoxville 372, 374 Junction 247-8 Olympics (2000) 328, 360 Nashville 276, 277 Odessa (Permian Basin High School Open Tennis (1998/2003/2015) Women’s Athletic Department 376 Panthers) 425 360, 362 see also Kefauver; University of Plano 438 Rushcutters Bay 187 Tennessee; Vanderbilt University Port Arthur 130 Sylph (yacht) 21 Tennessee-Martin see University of see also Baylor University; Dallas; Symington, Stuart 281 Tennessee Houston; Lamar University; Tower Synodinos, Demetrius see Snyder Tennessee State University 315-16 Texas A&M University 87, 171, 247, Szymanski, Stefan 301 Tennessee Volunteers 86 249, 263, 377 tennis 1, 5, 9, 62, 125, 126, 136, 140, see also Sumlin Taft, William Howard 100 243, 371, 388, 430, 459 Texas Christian University 263 Tagliabue, Paul 290, 456 clubs that off ered 53, 59, 60, 351 Texas League 117 Tahoe, Lake 315, 386 elitist image 145, 206 Texas Longhorns 86 Tampa 277 millions of new adherents 442 Texas Open Golf (1966) 433 Tampa Bay Buccaneers 290, 345, 412 opportunities for girls 385 Texas Prairie View A&M University 332 Tampa Bay Devil Rays 278, 279 popularity of 142 Texas Rangers 5, 220, 285 Tarkanian, Jerry 253 professional 358, 387, 429 Texas Southern University 211 Taurasi, Diana 386 racial barriers knocked down in 343 Texas State Women’s Golf Champion- Taylor, Jim 288 schools and colleges off ering 121 ship (1935) 133 Taylor, Marshall 186 team 385 Texas Tech 255 team games 7, 8 televised 219, 228, 299, 362, 379, 380 Texas Western College 212, 213-14 see also baseball; basketball; cricket; women’s 387, 429 see also University of Texas football; hockey; lacrosse; rugby; year-round instructional programs Thayer, Ernest 96 soccer; softball; volleyball 428, 429 Thelin, John 175 Teamsters Union 298 youth 426 Thompson, John 345 Tebeau, Oliver “Patsy” 97 see also Davis Cup; Grand Slams; Thoreau, Henry David 63 television 273, 331, 392, 395, 397, 398, National Tennis Center; United Thorpe, Jim 66-7, 68, 69, 92, 93, 171, 399, 413, 426, 430, 451, 458 States Tennis Association; USLTA; 312, 317 baseball 136, 219-20, 236, 384, 418 Virginia Slims; Wimbledon; also “Thrilla in Manila” (Ali-Frazier 1975) basketball 74, 236, 254, 260, 261, 373, under various player names, e.g. 407 384, 422 Agassi; Ashe; Austin (T.); Brough; Throneberry, Marvin “Marvelous blood sport 446, 447 Budge; Bueno; Connors; Courier; Marv” 281 boxing 221-3, 231, 234, 403, 405, 406, Court; Davenport; Didrikson; Tiger Booster Club 423, 424 407, 408 Evert; Garrison; Gibson (A.); Tigerbelles see Tennessee State extreme sports 236, 445 Graff ; Haas; Hard; Hingis; Jaeger; University football 217, 218, 225, 227, 234, 236, Kournikova; Lacoste; Lenglen; Tikhonov, Viktor 308 241, 261, 295, 384, 398, 456 Marble; Nastase; Navratilova; Tilden, Bill 128, 145-6 golf 346, 353, 355, 358, 386, 433 Okker; Parker; Riggs; Sánchez Title IX (1972) 137, 302, 366-72, 381, gymnastics 324, 428 Vicario; Seles; Sharapova; Smith 384-5, 387-9, 451 motor racing 299, 300 (S.); Spirlea; Tilden; Watson Tokyo 408 Olympics 309, 316-20, 323-9, 444 (Maud & Louise); Williams Olympics (1940/1964) 311, 317 soccer 228, 302, 382, 383 (Serena/Venus); Wills (Helen) Tomlin, Mike 345 tennis 219, 228, 299, 362, 377, Terre Haute see Indiana State Teachers Toomey, Bill 412 379, 380 College Top Rank Boxing 409 ultimate fi ghting 446 Terrell, Ernie 333 Toronto Blue Jays 286, 344 see also ABC; CNN; ESPN; Fox TV; Texas 55, 72, 148, 258, 366, 424, 445 Tour de France 410, 436, 437-8, 439-40, NBC Austin 438 441 Temple, Ed 315 Beaumont 131, 211 Tour du Pont 439 Temple University (PA) 179 College Station 248 Tower, John 368 Tennessee 13-14, 141 El Paso 213, 338, 431 track and fi eld 20, 58, 59, 72, 126, 388 Bristol 299 Fort Worth 220 American-Soviet meets 315 Clarksville 316 Galveston 186 college teams 75 Index 485

heavy representation by outstanding Crimson Tide 87, 247, 459 University of Nebraska 168, 263, black athletes 353 see also Bryant (P.) 267-8, 455 Olympic 194-5, 310, 314, 321, 328, University of Arizona 339 Bug Eaters/Cornhuskers of 87 350, 417 see also Gittings University of Nevada popularity of 328 University of California 82, 86, 91, Las Vegas 253, 370 statewide championships 422 137, 339 Reno 77, 87, 91, 189, 253, 263 steroid use in 411-12, 414, 417 Berkeley 77, 136, 167, 351 University of New Mexico 339 see also Didrikson; Edwards; Johnson Davis 87 see also Estes (Ben); Jones (Marion); Lewis; San Diego 370 University of North Carolina 294, 345, Owens; Rudolph; Thorpe see also UCLA; USC 373, 381, 412 Track and Field News 412 University of Chicago 78, 81-4, 249 Tar Heels of 86, 249 Tretiak, Vladislav 308 board of trustees 168 see also Jordan; Smith (D.) Trevino, Lee 430, 433-5, 436 using football to gain national University of Notre Dame (IN) 77, 84, Triple Crowns 158, 159 recognition 177 85, 92-3, 179, 260, 263, 271 Tropicana Field see Tampa Bay Devil see also Eckersall; Hutchins; Carter Field 173 Rays Mathews; Stagg Four Horsemen backfi eld 81, 174, 224 Trouble (yacht) 21 University of Florida (Gators) 86 Victory March 86, 175 Truman, Harry S 183 University of Georgia 248, 261, 264, see also Cavanaugh; Fighting Irish; Trump, Donald 289 289, 453 Hesburgh; Leahy; Rockne; Tucker, Tony 407 Bulldogs of 86 Sperber Tufts University (MA) 177 University of Hawaii 263 University of Oklahoma 261, 264, Tunis, John Roberts 140, 239, 240 University of Houston Cougars 345 271, 339 Tunney, Gene 150-1, 333 All-Americans of 252 Sooners of 86, 262 Turner, Frederick Jackson 166 University of Illinois 171, 178, see also Switzer Turner, Ted 233, 260, 295, 298 267, 312 University of Oregon 74, 82, 91, 264, Twitter 452 Memorial Stadium 169 395-6, 455 Tygart, Travis 441 see also Fighting Illini; Grange budget/revenue 74 Tygiel, Jules 114, 190, 201 University of Iowa 72, 339 University of Pennsylvania 72, 81, 169, Tyson, Mike 406, 407-9 see also Evashevski; Raveling 178, 243 University of Kansas 71, 86, 263, 339 football Quakers of 241-2 UCLA (University of California Los see also Allen (F.); Chamberlain University of Pittsburgh 191, 210, Angeles) 205, 209, 241 University of Kentucky 72, 181, 241, 262, 263 Bruins of 201, 249, 250, 252-4 247, 345 see also Warner NCAA tournament victories 249, see also Kentucky Wildcats University of San Francisco 226, 250, 251 University of Louisville 263 242, 291 see also Johnson (Rafer); Wooden University of Maryland 240, 263, 345 Dons of 250 UConn (University of Connecticut) 377 All-Americans of 413 University of Tennessee 211, 371-7 All-Americans of 374, 375, 376 see also Bias; Bryant (P.) see also Lady Vols Huskies of 372-3, 375, 376 University of Michigan 74, 78, 82, 83-4, University of Texas 74 Ueberroth, Peter 323, 325 169, 178, 245, 292 El Paso 213, 338 Ukraine 343 All-Americans of 368 Longhorn Network 263 ultimate fi ghting 446, 447 “Hail to the Victors” song 86 University of Utah 212, 213, 262 umpire baiting 41-2, 99 see also Hayes (W.); Rickey; Schem- Running Utes of 87 constant/incessant 97 bechler; Walker; Ward (W.); Yost University of Virginia 372, 373 Union Pacifi c Railroad 188 University of Minnesota 78, 82 University of Washington 242, 339 Unitas, Johnny 217, 275 All-Americans of 211 University of Wisconsin 78, 168, 178, United States Anti-Doping Agency 441 Golden Gophers of 87 255, 307 United States Golf Association 133, 145 University of Missouri 263 Badgers of 166 United States Tennis Association 358, 377 All-Americans of 454 see also Mohr see also USLTA Tigers of 86 University of Wyoming 339 University of Alabama 74, 143, 211, 264 see also Brewer; Gwatkin; Sam Unseld, Wes 339 All-Americans of 229 University of Montana 82 US Air Force 392 486 Index

US Amateur (golf ) 436 Vanderbilt University (TN) 141, 214 Waltrip, Darrell 299 youngest player ever to win 354 Vardon, Harry 143 War Admiral (racehorse) 158, 159 US Amateur (tennis) 209 Vassar, Matthew 122-3 Ward, Arch 223 US Constitution Vassar College 122 Ward, John Montgomery 50-1 18th Amendment (1919) 121 Veeck, Bill 204 Ward, Willis 210 19th Amendment (1920) 137, 365 Venezuela 340, 343 Warner, Glenn “Pop” 67, 68, 92, 27th Amendment (1992) 387 Victoria, queen of Great Britain & 93, 171 US Departments Ireland 21-2 see also Pop Warner Football Education 370, 387, 388 Vietnam 306, 333, 335, 337 Washington, George 8 Health, Education and Welfare Villanova University (PA) 180, 240, Washington, Kenny 250 368, 369 243, 345 Washington DC 96, 191, 223, 236, Justice 190, 331, 335 Virenque, Richard 438 352, 369 Physical Culture and Athletics 83 Virginia 11-12, 14, 17, 300, 343 District of Columbia Stadium 332 State 343 Arlington 200, 282 Mall 331 US House of Representatives 27, 418 Citadel (football team) 240 National Park 95 US Navy Air Corps 391 Jamestown 10 Pentagon 2 US Open Petersburg 16 see also Georgetown University golf 143-5, 355, 356, 387, 430, 431, Richmond 208, 209 Washington Capitols 206 433, 435, 436 Tidewater region 7, 13 Washington High School (OH) see tennis 128, 145, 206, 208, 209, 359 Williamsburg 13 Massillon US Soccer Federation 382 see also University of Virginia; Washington Post 200, 285 US Supreme Court 104, 370, 387 William & Mary College Washington Redskins 147, 205, 332, 414 US War Department 199 Virginia Cavaliers 86 see also Manley US Women’s Open (tennis) 206 Virginia Military Institute 240 Washington Senators 98, 100, 104, 161, USC (University of Southern Virginia Polytechnic Institute 240 219, 220, 281 California) 241, 245, 276, 325, 345 Virginia Slims Women’s Professional Washington State 276 see also Raveling Tennis Tour 298 see also Seattle USFL (United States Football League) Virginia Squires 292 Washington State University 178, 241 289 Vitale, Dick 235, 329 see also Raveling; University of USLTA (United States Lawn Tennis Vogel, Hans Jochen 320 Washington Association) 145-6 volleyball 1, 71, 121, 126, 131, 136, 234, Watergate burglary (1972) 306 denounced/criticized 206, 377-8 388, 430 Watson, Maud & Louise 362 USOC (United States Olympic eff orts to establish viable Watson, Tom 355 Committee) 59, 312, 318, 339, 412 professional leagues 385 Waynesburg College (PA) 219 chasm separating Americans from opportunities for girls 385 WBA (World Boxing Association) eastern bloc women 315 year-round instructional 407, 408 last collection of presumed ama- programs 428 WBC (World Boxing Commission) teurs 327 Voy, Robert O. 410 407, 408 reconstituted (1978) 323 Weaver, George “Buck” 112 routine banning of athletes 417 Wabash College (IN) 172 Webster, Mike 457 training programs 314, 323 Wade, Dwyane 329 Weeghman, Charles 106 see also Brundage Wagner, Honus 99 weightlifting 65, 123, 324, 442 USSR see Soviet Union Waid, Steve 298 Olympic 411-12 Utah 397 Wakamatsu, Don 344 performance-enhancing drugs see also Brigham Young University; Walcott, Jersey Joe 199, 403 in 414 Salt Lake City; University of Utah Walker, Dixie 202 Weinberg, Moshe 320-1 Utah State University 263 Walker, Herschel 289 Weiskopf, Tom 436 Walker, Moses Fleetwood 49 Welch, Gus 92 Valenzuela, Fernando 342 Wallace, Francis 240 Wells, Ted 455 Vancouver 384 Wallace, George C. 248 Wembley Stadium (London) 311 Olympics (Cypress Mountain Walsh, Christy 113, 114 Werblin, David “Sonny” 229 2010) 444 Walton, Bill 250 Wertheim, Jon 446 Index 487

West Berlin 311 Williams, Richard 358, 359, 360 World Football League 289 West Chester University (PA) 373 Williams, Serena 208, 358, 360, 361, World Professional Road Race 436 West Germany 323 362, 387 World Series baseball 103, 104, 113-16, see also Brandt; Kratschmer Williams, Ted 156, 161, 220 161, 204, 264, 280-1, 286, 341-3, West Point (US Military Academy) 67, Williams, Venus 208, 358-60, 361, 426, 427 93, 171, 173, 178, 241 362, 387 attendances 152, 153 see also Blaik; Devore; Doubleday; Williamsport (PA) 426 broadcasting the fi rst game coast-to- Eisenhower; Pierce (P.) Little League Museum 428 coast 143 West Virginia (Fairmont) 324 Willis, Bill 205, 224 eclipsed by Super Bowl 230 West Virginia University 206, 263 Wills, Harry 150 epic battle 203 Mountaineers of 86 Wills, Helen 127-8, 129, 145 established as an important event Western Athletic Conference 262, 263 Wills, Maury 39 99-100 Western Conference 163, 177 Wilson, Johnny 142-3 fi rst African American manager to Western League 98 Wilson, Woodrow 88, 100 win 344 Western Michigan University 339 Wimbledon 128, 145, 207, 209, 362, 377 fi xed by gamblers 45, 106-12, 117-18, Western Reserve (OH) 242 BBC telecast of men’s fi nal (1937) 218 402, 452 Westminster College (PA) 179 fi rst African-American invited to hyperbolic writing describing 142 Whirlaway (racehorse) 158 play at 208 network telecasts 219-20 White, Andrew Dickson 81 prize money 378 nighttime games 234 White, Dana 447-8 Williams sisters’ successes 360, 361 only player ever removed by Com- White, Gene 422 windsurfi ng 234 missioner 153 White, Shaun 444 Winn, Matt 158 teams with limited revenue in 287 White, Sherman 182 Winston National Championship Cup unprecedented cancellation of 278 White House 91, 440 289, 299, 300, 301 Yankee dominance of 154 Hall of Fame luncheon (1981) 154 Winter, Max 226 Wounded Knee massacre (1890) 92 see also Bush; Carter; Cleveland Wisconsin 455 wrestling 14, 23, 65, 314, 324, 430 (G.); Clinton; Coolidge; Sheboygan 206 Olympic 320-1 Eisenhower; Ford (G.); Hoover; see also Green Bay; Kenosha Comets; professional 5, 133, 403, 445-6 Kennedy; Nixon; Obama; Marquette University; Milwaukee; sumo 446 Reagan; Roosevelt; Taft; Truman; Racine Belles; University of wrist 228 Washington (G.) Wisconsin Wright, Harry 36-8, 40, 43, 103 White Men Can’t Jump (motion picture Wolfe, Tom 298 Wrigley, Phil 134, 155, 160 1992) 352 Wolverines see University of Michigan Wyoming see University of Wyoming Whitehallers (rowing club) 20 women in golf 61, 125, 208 Whitworth, Kathy 386 see also LPGA; also under various X-Games 236, 445 WHO (Des Moines radio station) player names, e.g. Berg; Didrikson; Xavier University (OH) 180, 243 154, 155 Gibson (A.); Lopez; Sheehan; Wicks, Sidney 250 Sörenstam; Suggs; Whitworth; yachting 20-1, 22 Wie, Michelle 386-7 Wie Yale University 70, 78-82, 87, 88, wilderness survival skills 64 Women’s National Basketball 90-2, 243 Wilkens, Lenny 206 Association 385 Bulldogs of 78, 86 Wilkes, Keith 250 Women’s Professional Basketball Yale Bowl 78, 167 Wilkinson, J. L. 190 League 385-6 see also Camp; Giamatti; Goldstein; Will, George 323, 388, 389 Wood, Marvin 422 Hutchins; Stagg Willard, Frances 123 Wooden, John 249-50, 251, 252-3, Yang, Y. E. 357 Willard, Jess 148-9, 190 254, 256 Yankee Clipper see DiMaggio William & Mary College (VA) Woods, Eldrick “Tiger” 346, 353-5, 356, Yankee Stadium 95, 115, 153, 198, 217, 241, 345 357-8, 359, 384, 396, 436 271, 283 Williams College (MA) 75, 87 Woods, Elin 354 snow-blown 271 Williams, Claude 108-9 World (New York newspaper) 85 Yankton College (SD) 414 Williams, Danny 409 World Cup soccer 235, 381, 383, Yao Ming 344 Williams, Marvin 200 384, 456 Yarborough, Cale 299 488 Index

Yellow Jackets see Georgia Tech Young, Frank “Fay” 194, 205 see also Didrikson Zaharias Yesalis, Charles 417-18 Yow, Deborah 370 Zephyr Productions 443 YMCA (Young Men’s Christian YWCA (Young Women’s Christian Zhdanov, Andrei 312 Association) 64, 69-70, 71, 83, 95 Association) 64 Zimbalist, Andrew 245, 283 Yost, Fielding “Hurry Up” 84, 167, 169, Zuff a (management company) 171, 173, 177 Z-Boys 443 447, 448 Young, Cy (Denton True) 39, 100-1 Zaharias, George 133 Zuppke, Bob 171

Index compiled by Frank Pert