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Historic Architectural Survey of Dillon County, South Carolina

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Historic Architectural Survey of Dillon County, South Carolina Historic Architectural Survey of Dillon County, South Carolina Dillon County Dillon, South Carolina February 2011 Final Report Historic Architectural Survey of Dillon County, South Carolina Final Report Prepared for: Dillon County Dillon, South Carolina South Carolina Department of Transportation Columbia, South Carolina and South Carolina Department of Archives and History Columbia, South Carolina Prepared by: Paige Wagoner Architectural Historian Jason Ellerbe Architectural Historian Kristina Lanphear Historian and Edward Salo Principal Investigator Brockington and Associates, Inc. Atlanta Charleston Elizabethtown Pensacola Savannah February 2011 Abstract In 2006 and 2008, Brockington and Associates, Inc., conducted a historic architectural survey of Dillon County, South Carolina, for Dillon County, South Carolina Department of Transportation, and the South Carolina Department of Archives and History. The objective of this survey is to identify all aboveground historic architectural resources in the survey universe that retain sufficient integrity to be included in the Statewide Survey of Historic Places. These resources include buildings, structures, objects, districts, and landscapes that have architectural or historical significance. We conducted this research and fieldwork with several goals in mind. The project can provide information for public officials in the county to allow them to make informed decisions regarding the impact of development and other public activities on the Dillon County’s cultural resources and to set priorities for the protection and use of these resources. The historical overview contained in this report can provide an appreciation and understanding of these resources. The results of this survey can serve as an archival record of the Dillon County’s historic resources at the time of the survey; this report contains an inventory of every site recorded during the fieldwork. This project is part of the Statewide Survey of Historic Places, a program coordinated by the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). The purpose of this statewide program is to identify all cultural resources in the state and to highlight those that are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and for local designation. The federal government has recommended this process of documentation through the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The Statewide Survey of Historic Places provides the SHPO with information that enables it to review the impact of projects with federal components on resources eligible for the NRHP. Federal projects require environmental and cultural review permits to proceed, which in turn requires review by the SHPO. In addition, some federal grants for cultural resources and certain federal tax incentives for rehabilitation of historic buildings require a determination of NRHP status. The information developed through the Historic Architectural Resources Survey of the Dillon County gives the SHPO a basis for making these determinations. During the course of the historic architectural survey of Dillon County, we identified 1,514 historic architectural resources. Currently, Dillon Country contains four historic districts and 13 individually eligible resources. It is recommended that five new historic districts be added to the NRHP. In addition, 84 resources, outside of the designated historic districts, are individually eligible. The remaining resources surveyed are not eligible for the NRHP. ii Acknowledgments We benefitted from consultation with Wayne Roberts of the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) and David Kelly and Chad Long of the South Carolina Department of Archives and History (SCDAH) throughout this project. Brockington’s survey team included Edward Salo (Principal Investigator), Paige Wagoner, Jason Ellerbee and Kristina Lanphear. Damon Jackson, Michael Walsh, and Allison Wind prepared the report graphics, and Meg Moughan provided editorial assistance and produced the report. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................vii LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................................................xi 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1 1.1 Name of Project................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Boundaries of Project ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Number of Properties ....................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Geographical Area............................................................................................................ 1 1.5 Survey Staff ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.6 Survey Beginning and End Date...................................................................................... 1 1.7 Survey Objective............................................................................................................... 3 1.8 Survey Method .................................................................................................................. 3 1.8.1 Historic Architectural Resources Survey............................................................... 3 1.8.2 NRHP Assessment of Cultural Resources.............................................................. 6 2.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF DILLON COUNTY .............................................................9 2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Contact Era ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Early History of the Pee Dee Region............................................................................. 12 2.4 Settlement in Dillon County........................................................................................... 14 2.5 Revolutionary War in Dillon County............................................................................ 17 2.6 Dillon County in the Early Republic and Antebellum Periods................................... 18 2.7 Civil War and the Pee Dee Region ................................................................................ 20 2.8 Railroads and the Growth of the Pee Dee..................................................................... 22 2.9 Rise of Tenant Farming in the Pee Dee Region............................................................ 23 2.10 Creation of Dillon County.............................................................................................. 25 2.11 The Rise of Tobacco in Dillon County .......................................................................... 26 2.12 Other Industries in the Pee Dee Region........................................................................ 27 2.13 The Pee Dee Region in the Early Twentieth Century.................................................. 27 2.14 Tourism in the Pee Dee Region...................................................................................... 30 2.15 Summary.......................................................................................................................... 30 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________________________ 3.0 PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES..............31 3.1 NRHP Listed Properties................................................................................................. 31 3.1.1 NRHP Listed Districts ......................................................................................... 31 3.1.2 Individually Listed Properties.................................................................................. 37 3.2 NRHP Eligible and Potentially Eligible Properties ..................................................... 47 3.3 Previous Architectural Surveys within the Survey Universe...................................... 50 3.3.1 Early Surveys in the Survey Area......................................................................... 50 3.3.2 Survey of 147 Tobacco Resources in Dillon County (1983)................................ 50 3.3.3 An Intensive Archaeological and Architectural Survey of the I-95/SC Route 38 Interchange, Dillon County, South Carolina (1999) ........................................... 50 3.3.4 Cultural Resources Investigations for Section 7 of the SC 38/US 501 Widening)............................................................................................................. 50 3.3.5 Cultural Resources Survey of the Dillon Industrial 69kV Project (2002) ........... 50 3.3.6 Intensive Cultural Resource Assessment Survey of Two Proposed Telecommunications Sites, Dillon County (2003)
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