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Ancient Egypt 31 33 OF 'HE AN CIENT EGYPT. 22..__,IO Q 20 4() s~~e §Q 100 120M il es p A f H Anrient, rm:d:P..s ________ __ _ Ca:nal8 31 THE BOOK OF EXODUS BY THE REV. F. MARSHALL, M.A. (Late Ea:hibitio11e1· of St. John's OoUege, aamb1•Wge), :Rect01· of Milel1am,f01•me1•/;y Vice-J??·incipal of the T1·aining aollege, aa1•ma?"the11 ana lately Heaa Mastei· of .Alnwnc1b1wy G1·amma1· School. Jl'p+t,~.l,'.Jlt! GEORGE GILL & SONS, Ln., 13, WARWIOK LANE, E,0. PREF.A.OE. Tnrs Book of Exodus.is one of a series of manuals on tbe books of the Ola Testament which are primarily intenaea for the uso of Students preparing fo1• the Local Examilrntions of the Universities of Oxforc1 and Cambridge. The Introduction treats fully of the several subjeds with which the Student shoulcl· be acquainted, comprising, full Geographical and Biographical Notes, the life of the Israelites in Egypt, the wanderings in the Wilderness, description of the Tabernacle, the significance of the Ten Plagues, the types of Exodus, with other essential details, which are set forth in the Table of Contents. The Maps am1 Illustrations include Egypt, the Sinaitic Peninsula, the Wanderings in I.he 'i;l,7ilderness, the Tabernacle t1nc1 its Furniture, etc. The chief alterations of the Revised Version are pointed out in footnotes, the Student being referred to the Revised Version. In the Appendix will be fauna (1) a Commentary upon the most important differences between the Authorizec1 ana Revised Versions, the alterations being J!Ointea out and explanations given of the reasons for the change; (2) a Glossary of words and phrases, thus avoiding constant reference to the Text ana Notes; (3) Weights ana Measures; (4) Chronological 'l'ables and other details. The general arrangement of the series will, it is believed, be fauna helpful to Teachers anc1 Students. Each manual is illustratec1 with the necessary Maps. Each volume is complete in itself, requiring from the Student no refe1·ence to Atlas, Bible Dictiona~·y, or other aids. F. M. 1vlilohain. CONTENTS. PAGE I. Introduction­ THE TITLE V THE PENTATEUCH V THE AUTHOR V Turn OF ·vlRr'rING vi SCOPE OF THE ViTORK vi DESIGN OF THE BOOK , , vi GENERAL OUTLINE viii ISRAEL IN EGYPT b: THE TEN PLAGUES xiii JOURNEY FROM EGYPT TO SINAI x.·di THE MURJ.llURINGS AND SINS xxiv MosEs xxvii MOSES AS A TYPE OF CHRIST xxxiv PEDIGREE OF MOSES AND AARON xxxvii THE TABERNACLE xxxviii THE FURNITURE OF THE TABERNACLE xlviii THE CONSECRATION OF THE TABERNACLE lx How THE TABERNACLE WAS MOVED lxii SUBSEQUENT HISTORY OF THE TABERNACLE lxii HISTORY OF THE ARK lxiii TYPES AND FIGURES lxiv THE THREE GREAT FESTIVALS OF THE JEWS lxvi THE SEVEN NATIO.'IS OF PALESTINE b:v GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES,. lxix BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES •• lxxv II. The Text, with Marginal and Footnotes I ID. Appendix. COMMENTS ON THE REVISED VERSION IIO vVoRDS AND PHRASES EXPLAINED •• vVE!GHTS AND MEASURES THE STONES OF THE BREAST-PLATE THE SPICES THEORY REGARDING COMPOSITION OF PENTATEUCH CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE THE PHARAOHS OF EXODUS PASSAGES ILLUSTRATIVE OF EXODUS CONTENTS. MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. ANCIENT EGYPT face title "\of ANDERINGS IN THE "\VILDERNESS xxii1 THE ISRAELITES ERECTING THE TABERNACLE xxxix PLAN OF THE COURT OF THE TABERNACLE. Vriw .. } xli INTERIOR Vrnw OF THE HoLY PLACE CONVENTIONAL TABERNACLE,, , . • , , , , • } TABERNACLE ACCORDING TO MR. FERGUSON , , , , xliii REv. vv. SHAW CALDEco-rT THE ARK AND TABLE OF SHEWBREAD xlix THE CANDLESTICK AND ALTAR OF INCENSE li THE BRAZEN ALTAR .• !iii THE LAVER lv HIGH PRIEST IN FULL DRESS !vii HIGH PRrn:ST ON DAY OF ATONEMENT lix THE SEVEN NATIONS OF CANAAN lxvii THE SINAITIC PENINSULA lxxiv WORKS OF REFERENCE USEFUL FOR STUDENTS, AND REFERRED TO (AMONG OTHERS) IN THIS WORK. Smith's Dictionary of the Bible. The Land and the Book (Thomson). The Holy Bible, with Notes (Bishop Sinai and Palestine (Stanley). Wordsworth). Lectures on the Jewish Church The Speaker's Commentary. (Stanley). The Old Testament Commentary Keil's Commentary, for English Readers (Ellicott). Undesigned Coincidences (Blunt). History of Israel (Dr. Edersheim). Heroes of Hebrew History (Wilber.. Early History of the Hebrews force). (Sayce). The Land of Israel (Tristram). Bible Illustrations (Kitto). Bible Research (Robinson). THE TITLE. "The Second Book of Moses called Exodus." This is the Title in the A.V. It is taken from the Septuagint and is descriptive of the events which it relates, Exodus,.(Gk. ''Efooos-, from ef, ex = out; and ooos-, odos = a way) = a way out; a departure ; i.e. the departure of the children of Israel from Egypt. The title by which it is known to the Jews and in the Hebrew Scriptures is Elleh Shemoth =" these are the names." or Shemoth=the names. It is so called from the opening words" Now these arc the names" (i. r). THE PENTATEUOH. iA/e know the first five books of the Bible under the names of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, and as the Five Books of Moses. · The title Pentateuch (G/i. 7rEVT€, lJente = five; TEvxos-, teuchos = book) = five books in one volume, is taken from the Septuagint. But it is in reality One Book in Five Parts. It is nowhere spoken of either in the Old or New Testament, as consisting of five books. It is called simply "The Book of the Law," or "The Law of Moses," or "Moses." It is noticeable that the Books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers begin with the Hebrew particle Va11 = and. Thus these books are knit together. Thfl Jewish names for the five great sections are the first words in the narrative (see Exodus above). The Books are divided into sections. To this we have a reference in St. Mark xii. 26, "Have ye not read in the book of Moses, how in the bush God spake unto him." (See also St. Luke xx. 37). In the Bush = in that section of the book of Moses known as "The Bush," i.e. the description of God appearing to Moses in the burning bush at Sinai (Ex. iii. 2-iv. r7). The sections denote the composition of the books on a deliberate plan of recounting prominent events in distinct form. The Jews kept to these sections as assigning suitable divisions for the reading of the law. *THE AUTHOR. Moses. The Book was received by the whole Hebrew nation as the work of Moses. References, quotations, and agreement with the Book abound throughout the whole of the Old Testament. ii> For the Theory of the composite nature of the Pentateuch see Appendix, p. t30. vi. EXODUS, It will suffice for us that the authorship of Moses is accepted by our Lord, by the Evangelists, and by the Apostles. A few examples are: r. Om Lord. In argument with the Sadducees on the Resurrection He says, "Have ye not read in the book of Moses" (St. Mark xii. 26). In the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus He identifies it with iVIoses himself. "They have Moses and the prophets." "If they heaniot Moses and the p1'0phets" (St. Luke xvi. 29-3r). Moses = The Book of the Law, The Prophets = the prophetical books. 2, The Evangelists, St. Luke records that our Lord after His Resurrection, when explaining the nature of the Messiah to the two disciples on the way to Emmaus, appealed to the Pentateuch "beginning at Moses, He e,i:pozmded unto tlzem in all the Script1wes concerning himself" (St. Luke xxiv. 27). 3. The Apostle St. James at the Council of Jerusalem says," Moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the Synagogues every Sabbath day" (Acts xv. 2r). 4. The Apostle St, Paul. " Even unto this day, whm Moses is read, the vail is upon their heart" (2 Car. iii. r5). Bishop ..Wordsworth well sums up this argument. " The Pentateuch was Moses to Christ and His Apostles and Evangelists;. and what was Moses to them, may well be Moses to us." TIME OF WRITING. Uncertain, but clearly after the Building of the Tabernacle. The writer is an eye-witness, and records events within his own personal knowledge. SCOPE OF THE WORK. About 360 years, from the death of Joseph to the erection of the Tabernacle. From the death of Joseph to the birth of Moses 279 years. From the birth of Moses to the Exodus 80 years. From the Exodus to the erection of the Tabernacle I year. 360 years. From B.C. r85r to B.C. r49r. DESIGN OF THE BOOK. ·r. Historical. To show the fulfilment of the promises to Abraham, that his posterity should, after several centuries of oppression in Egypt, be triumphantly brought forth, 2. Spiritual. The history of the children of Israel is a picture of the Church Militant in her redemption from spiritual bondage, and her passage through the wilderness of this worla.. DESIGN OF THE BOOK, vii. Prophecies from Genesis. I. The Possession of Canaan. (r) To Abraham. (a) "All the land which thou seest, to thee wilt I give it, and to thy seed for ever" (Gen. xiii. r5). (b) " Unto thy seed will I give this land" (Gen. xii. 7). ( c) " Unto thy seed have I given this land, fi'om the river of Egvpt · unto the great rive,,, the river EupMates" (Gen. xv. rS). (d) " And I will give 1mto thee, and to thy seed after thee, the lan1l wherein thou art a stranger, all the land of Canaan" (Gen . xvii. 8). (2) To Isaac. " Unto thee, and 11nto thy seed I will give all these countries " (Gen.
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