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International Conference “““GGGEEEOOOHHHEEERRRIIITTTAAAGGGEEE FFFOOORRR SSSUUUSSSTTTAAAIIINNNAAABBBLLLEEE DDDEEEVVVEEELLLOOOPPPMMMEEENNNTTT””” May 27–30, 2006, Druskininkai, Lithuania VVOOLLUUMMEE OOFF AABBSSTTRRAACCTTSS VILNIUS, 2006 International Conference “GEOHERITAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”: VOLUME OF ABSTRACTS International Conference „Geoheritage for Sustainable Development“, May 27–30, 2006, Druskininkai, Lithuania: Volume of Abstracts / Eds.: J. Satkūnas, A. Grigienė; IUGS Commission GEM, ProGEO, Lithuanian Geological Survey, Polish Geological Institute, Lithuanian Institute of Geology and Geography. – Vilnius: LGT, 2006. – 72 p.: iliustr. – ISBN 9986-623-42-1 ORGANISERS: D ProGEO – “European Association for Conservation of Geological Heritage”, Northern European Working Group D IUGS Commission GEM – “Geosciences for environmental management”, working group IBC “International borders – Geoenvironmental concerns” D Lithuanian Geological Survey D Polish Geological Institute D Institute of Geology and Geography, Lithuania THE CONFERENCE IS HELD UNDER AUSPICE OF THE: INTERREG project No. 2005/041 “Elaboration of geoenvironmental assumptions for “Geopark Yotwings” in the cross-border Polish–Lithuanian area”. Project part - financed by European Union. IUGS-ICSU project Application of geosciences for sustainable development of cross-border areas (GEOCrossBorder). ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: Marek Graniczny and Jonas Satkūnas Co-Chairmen Alma Grigienė and Magdalena Czarnogorska Co-secretaries Gražina Skridlaitė, Institute of Geology and Geography, Lithuania Albertas Bitinas, Lithuanian Geological Survey Donatas Pupienis, Lithuanian Geological Survey CONFERENCE AIMS: D to promote better understanding of geological heritage in Northern Europe and to aim at a increasing level of awareness concerning geological knowledge and related problems in society; D to promote best practice on such matters as inventory, on-site management, planning, development of geotourism, etc.; D to strengthen transboundary co-operation and promote initiatives in application of elements of the geological heritage in the sustainable development. The Conference Venue – HOTEL DRUSKININKAI (www.hotel-druskininkai) Published by Lithuanian Geological Survey Compiled by: Jonas Satkūnas, Alma Grigienė Layout and cover design: Regina Norvaišienė (photo R. Guobytė) Circulation: 60 copies ISBN 9986-623-42-1 © Lietuvos geologijos tarnyba 2 International Conference “GEOHERITAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”: VOLUME OF ABSTRACTS CONTENTS 1. SOILS AND SOIL SYSTEMS RELATED TO GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY ....................5 Van den Ancker J. A. M. 2. FLINT AS A RAW MATERIAL OF THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS IN LITHUANIA..................7 V. Baltrūnas, B. Karmaza, D. Kulbickas, T. Ostrauskas 3. THE ‘ESSEN’ OF DRENTHE THREATS TO GEOHERITAGE SITES IN SUSTAINABLE USE AS PLAGGEN SOILS IN THE NETHERLANDS ..........................................................................................10 E. P. H. Bregman & P. D. Jungerius 4. GEOTOURISM IN FINLAND'S NATIONAL PARKS – CO-OPERATION BETWEEN METSÄHALLITUS AND THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FINLAND ...........................................15 O. Breilin, P. Itkonen, P. Johansson & S. Ollqvist 5. THE KVARKEN ARCHIPELAGO IN WESTERN FINLAND – WORTHY OF WORLD HERITAGE STATUS........................................................................................................................................................17 O. Breilin, J. Ojalainen, S. Ollqvist 6. THE PHENOMENON OF THE UKRAINIAN GEOLOGIC HERITAGE AND THE PROBLEMS WITH ITS RESERVATION AND USE WITHIN THE STABLE DEVELOPMENT............................19 N. Duk, I. Sumatokhina, K. Gorb 7. GEOCONSERVATION IN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY SETTING ………………………………… 22 L. Erikstad 8. GEODIVERSITY OF THE POLISH–LITHUANIAN CROSS-BORDER AREA, ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOPARKS – PROJECT GAJA.........................................................24 M. Graniczny, M. Czarnogórska, J. Satkūnas 9. GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE POLISH AND LITHUANIAN LANDS, SINCE XVIII CENTURY TO THE PRESENT – COMMON HERITAGE.....................................................................26 M. Graniczny, H. Urban, J. Satkūnas 10. NATURE TOURISM AND GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL FINNISH LAPLAND ....................................................................................................................................................29 P. Johansson 11. GEOHERITAGE OF THE GREAT NEMUNAS LOOPS, SOUTH LITHUANIA.................................33 B. Karmaza, V. Baltrūnas 12. VULNERABILITY OF GEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS IN THE NEMUNAS RIVER VALLEY......36 B. Karmaza, A. Zuzevičius 13. GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF DRUSKININKAI – FROM DEEPLY SEATED CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT TO PRESENT LANDSCAPES............................................................................................38 J. Lazauskienė & J. Satkūnas 14. GEOTOPES DATA BASE AND ITS APPLICATION FOR GEOTOURISM IN POLISH LITHUANIAN CROSS-BORDER AREA .................................................................................................41 D. Pupienis, J. Kmita, Z. Kowalski and V. Mikulėnas 15. GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE – PROTECTION BY UNDERSTANDING OF VALUE.........................43 J. Satkūnas 16. SELECTED EXAMPLES OF CROSS-BORDER GEOLOGICAL AND GEOENVIRON-MENTAL STUDIES – BELT OF YOTVINGS............................................................................................................51 J. Satkūnas, M. Graniczny, M. Czarnogórska 3 International Conference “GEOHERITAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”: VOLUME OF ABSTRACTS 17. GEOHERITAGE AND INTERNATIONAL BORDERS..........................................................................53 J. Satkūnas, J. Lazauskienė & M. Graniczny 18. GEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF PROTECTED AREA: SARTAI LAKE CASE, NORTHEASTERN LITHUANIA ......................................................................55 G. Skridlaitė, R. Guobytė, M. Stančikaitė, D. Norkūnienė and A. Gegžnas 19. MODELLING OF WATER SYSTEMS FOR PLANNING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT...58 A. Spalvins, J. Slangens, R. Janbickis, I. Lace 20. ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF GEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OBJECTS ..................................................61 I. Sumatokhina, G. Rudko 21. ISLAND SAAREMAA (ESTONIA) – WORTHY CANDIDATE OF THE UNESCO LIST OF GEOPARKS..................................................................................................................................................64 K. Täht 22. BRITISH INSTITUTE FOR GEOLOGICAL CONSERVATION: GEOSITES, SITE ACQUSISTION AND A COALFIELD GEOPARK..............................................................................................................68 B. A. Thomas 23. COASTAL GEOTOPES OF THE GULF OF GDAŃSK...........................................................................69 S. Uścinowicz, G. Miotk-Szpiganowicz, W. Jegliński 4 International Conference “GEOHERITAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”: VOLUME OF ABSTRACTS SOILS AND SOIL SYSTEMS RELATED TO GEOHERITAGE AND GEODIVERSITY Van den ANCKER J. A. M. Geoheritage, The NETHERLANDS E-mail: [email protected] Soils as part of geoheritage and geodiversity Up to recently soil conservation was mainly directed towards measures and research preventing soil erosion and loss of production capacity of the soil. Of course for many countries these have been the most important aspects of soil conservation in the world, affecting the basic conditions of human living. But modern societies also aim at geoconservation and safeguarding of geodiversity as part of a sustainable use of resources. After geologists and geomorphologists, also soil scientists are becoming aware that soil conservation should include the protection of natural habitats, as well as cultural and reference soil systems for scientific, educational, ecological and recreational purposes. Geoheritage for soils comprises the conservation of natural soils, traditionally sustainable cultivated soils and benchmark soils for scientific and educational purposes of which examples will be given. Soils play also an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, because specific flora and fauna are related to specific soil types and condition of the soil. The following categories of soil protection are distinguished: 1) natural heritage soils, 2) sustainable cultural heritage soils, 3) benchmark soils, 4) soils in nature areas. Geodiversity for soils is concerned with the sustainable use of the soil system, a use minimizing adverse effects but also a use in line with the spatial diversity, qualities and potentials of the soil system. Soils are hierarchical systems Soils are no standalone objects, but are intrinsically related with other aspects of the landscape. This was already recognized in the 19th century by the Russian pioneers of soil science. Probably through the problems of making international classifications and the huge soil pollution problems at the end of the last century, the broader perspective of soils as systems got out of sight. We argue for a reintroduction of the soil system approach in making geodiversity and geoheritage operational and to include the hierarchical landscape model as a further tool. The hierarchical model is way of showing that soils are systems influenced by many factors and that they are (part of) environmental systems at a specific moment in time. This figure is a simplified version of the model. This hierarchical landscape model is applicable also in spatial planning. A simple version is used in Dutch spatial