2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

RIP RAPP fluvial response to Holocene bioclimatic Under his editorship Gearchaeology: change in the world. Rolfe has masterfully An International Journal has emerged ARCHAEOLOGICAL blended archaeological geology studies as the premiere professional journal of GEOLOGY AWARD from a large number of cultural resource geoarchaeology. Rolfe’s untiring work with management investigations to develop a authors and lobbying for special issues Presented to Rolfe D. Mandel framework for understanding the impact focusing on topics in the forefront of the of geologic and pedologic processes on the discipline sets him apart as one of the best preservation and visibility of the central editors of today’s professional geoscience Great Plains archaeological record. In the and archaeology journals. In addition to course of this endeavor he has formed strong the journal, his editorial skills are evident interdisciplinary ties with archaeologists, in Geoarchaeology in the Great Plains, a paleoecologists, soil scientists, geographers, historical and theoretical perspective on and geologists across the region. geoarchaeological research that has been Rolfe’s long-lasting and tireless effort widely acclaimed by both archaeologists and to forge a formal relationship between GSA geologists. and the Society for American Archaeology Rolfe has been on the cutting edge and has brought about a major increase in the continues to push the frontier in his research. interest in archaeological geology and His present focus on Quaternary geology and geoarchaeology in both societies. He founded first Americans in the Great Plains promises the Geoarchaeology Interest Group of SAA, many significant discoveries and several new which now boasts 562 members and regularly chapters in the story of people’s presence sponsors symposia and field trips at the on the Plains. Rolfe is an inspiration to his Rolfe D. Mandel annual SAA meeting. Rolfe has served the colleagues, an outstanding mentor and role Kansas Geological Survey Archaeological Geology Division of the GSA model, and an ambassador for the world’s in several capacities, including chairing the archaeological geology and geoarchaeology division and as the newsletter editor. He also community. His efforts and accomplishments chairs the division’s educational committee reflect the spirit and standards of the award Citation by E. Arthur Bettis III and maintains the Directory of Graduate he is receiving and GSA should be honored to Programs in Archaeological Geology and count a person of his professional and personal It is a great pleasure and honor to Geoarchaeology, an invaluable resource caliber in its membership. introduce my friend and colleague, Rolfe for students. Few individuals have been as Mandel, for the presentation of the 2003 active in promotion and participation of their GSA Rip Rapp Award. Few have influenced professional society as Rolfe has been in Response by Rolfe D. Mandel geoarchaeology through research and both GSA and SAA. I am honored to receive this award, and service as much as Rolfe, and I am pleased Rolfe’s expertise and contributions thank you, Art, for your kind, over-generous that GSA has recognized the level of his are not limited to the Great Plains. He has words. I also thank the Archaeological accomplishments with this award. undertaken geoarchaeological investigations Geology Division Awards Committee for its Rolfe has been involved in archaeological at a number of localities east of the Rocky support and Rip Rapp for helping establish this geology for over twenty years. He has served Mountains, including Watson Breaks, the division and for endowing the award. the discipline in government, academic, oldest mound complex in North America, People often ask me how and why I consulting, and editorial positions, and has Big Eddy, where a record of human became a geoarchaeologist. The answer been a driving force in forging a closer habitation spanning the last 12,000 years to the first part of this question is difficult alliance between archaeology and geology. is preserved, and Big Bend National Park. because in reflecting on my career, I see so Geoarchaeology is Rolfe’s calling, his research As a geomorphologist with a thorough many twists and turns along the path, with is impeccable, his field trips are legendary, and understanding of archaeological processes many individuals influencing my direction. he is one of those rare people that walks the and sites, Rolfe has contributed immensely to My parents, both scientists, stand at the walk and talks the talk of Quaternary geology, several Near Eastern archaeological projects. beginning of that path. As a child growing pedology, and archaeology. His work at sites in Egypt and Jordan helped up in San Antonio, my idea of a good time Rolfe’s contributions to archaeological to explain how people living in sites located was looking for fossils in road cuts in the geology are many, but two are truly in arid environments were able to extract Texas hill country, and my parents spent outstanding in their scope and impact. His the maximum amount of resources from a numerous Sundays escorting me on those decades of research on the geoarchaeology and harsh surrounding. His research also aided adventures. They fostered my interest in alluvial landscape history of the central Great in understanding occupational sequences at natural history, and encouraged me to explore Plains of the United States have revolutionized “mega-sites” such as Ain Ghazal in Jordan. In the environment. I am very grateful for their our understanding of the region’s Holocene addition, Rolfe’s research was instrumental guidance and support. landscape history and fostered landscape in establishing a cultural link with extinct Although I started out majoring in evolution-based approaches to evaluating the pygmy hippopotamus at the controversial biology at San Antonio College, Millard Brent, history of human habitation. As a result of early Holocene site of Akrotiri Aetokremnos a physical geographer on the faculty, took extensive investigations in Kansas, Nebraska in Cyprus. me under his wing and steered me towards and Oklahoma he has formulated the most the geosciences. In 1971, I transferred to the well-dated regional history of basin-wide

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

University of Texas (UT) and majored in My teaching career started in the So, why did I become a geoarchaeologist? geography. Again, an individual, in this case department of geography and geology at the I could provide a long, philosophical Curt Sorenson, played a significant role in University of Nebraska-Omaha (UNO). After answer, but I will cut to the chase. Practicing shaping my career. Curt got me fired up about four years at UNO, I returned to Kansas and geoarchaeology is a lot of fun, and I am geomorphology and soils, an interest that has spent the next 10 years working in two worlds: looking forward to continuing down that path. never waned. He also instilled in me a passion the world of a private consultant practicing Many friends and colleagues have been for field work and, perhaps most important of geoarchaeology in the Central Plains and a source of enthusiasm and support. I thank all, he was (and remains) an endless source of Midwest, and the world of an adjunct Art Bettis, Paul Goldberg, Vance Holliday, encouragement. Curt left UT for the University professor in the geography department at KU. Ed Hajic, Reid Ferring, Julie Stein, Jack of Kansas (KU) in 1975, and talked me into My role in academia involved serving on Hofman, Alan Simmons, Joe Saunders, Alston entering the geography graduate program thesis and dissertation committees, conducting Thoms, Chris Hill, and Chris Caran, to name at KU the following year. I told friends and geoarchaeological research in the U.S. and a few. A special thanks goes to my mentors, family my absence from Texas would be brief, eastern Mediterranean, serving as Editor- Curt Sorenson and Wakefield Dort, for their perhaps three or four years. Little did I know in-Chief of Geoarchaeology, occasionally guidance and patience. Last, but not least, I that I would become a resident of the Central teaching field school, and a variety of service- am grateful to my wife, Sharon, and my son, Great Plains for the next 27 years. related tasks. The point I want to make is that Daniel, for enduring my frequent departures During my early years at KU, I took this was a very rewarding experience and it to places often far from home. Their tolerance geomorphology courses from Wakefield allowed me to interact with many people, and encouragement, and the support of Dort, a geologist. He introduced me to especially archaeologists. However, I must add my friends and colleagues, have been my geoarchaeology, describing his own research that it was an exhausting period of my life. inspiration. Thank you, all of you, for helping experience at sites such as Owl Cave and Paul Goldberg and many of my other close me achieve this award. Shriver. Although it sounded very interesting, colleagues often listened to me kvetch about my involvement in geoarchaeology was yet to “the journal” and other things that consumed come. my time. I thank them for not hanging up the Upon completing my M.A., I became phone. a Research Associate at KU’s Institute for In April of this year, my career path Social and Environmental Studies (ISES). For became more focused. With the establishment several years, my research at ISES focused on of an endowed geoarchaeological research mined-land reclamation and various land-use program at the Kansas Geological Survey, issues. However, that changed in 1981 when I was placed in charge of searching for Alan Simmons, an archaeologist, became the Paleoindian and pre-Clovis cultural deposits director of the cultural resources management in the Central Plains and Midwest. Or, as my program at KU’s Museum of Anthropology. wife would say, I now have a real job. This Alan was working in the Great Plains and is an exciting challenge for me, and I am eastern Mediterranean, and invited me to join grateful to Lee Allison, Director of the Kansas in his research. This was a defining moment in Geological Survey, for recognizing the value my career, and it led to frequent collaboration of this research. and a long-lasting friendship. At about the same time, Art Bettis and I became acquainted. Art’s geoarchaeological research in western Iowa captured my attention. I started thinking about how temporal and spatial patterns of late-Quaternary landscape evolution shaped the archaeological record of the Central Plains, and addressed this issue in my doctoral dissertation at KU. It has been the centerpiece of much of my research during the past 20 years.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

GILBERT H. CADY with that same outcrop and it looked like the feeling of anticipation at looking at a new outcrop was winning. But the knack of doing basin in some forgotten part of the world only AWARD field work must have been instilled in him as to find Romey has been there before us! In his Presented to Romeo M. Flores Romey is one of the best field sedimentologist studies Romey has not only worked in many that coal science has ever had. of the basins in the USA (for example, Wind After he was awarded his PhD in 1966 River, Raton, San Juan, basins in Alaska) but Romey was hired by the Department of he has also worked in Brazil, New Zealand, Geology at Sul Ross State University in Belgium, China, Australia and Indonesia to Alpine, Texas, where he conducted research in name a few. the central Appalachian and Marathon Basins. In the early 1980s Romey was one He was there until 1975 where he gained full of the first coal geologists to use the peat professorship and was also Chairman of the domes of SE Asia to explain the low-ash Department. During this time too he briefly nature of many coal beds through out the held a Post Doctoral Fellow at the Department world. It does not seem such a big deal now of Geology & Oceanography, State University but it was a revolution in thought then. That of New York, Fredonia (1967-1968). idea drove others to verify the analogy by In 1975 Romey moved to the U.S. visiting these bogs and most concluded that Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado. He the model worked. However, it was not until has maintained his strong academic interests 2000 that Romey actually got to visit one of and has been Adjunct Professor and Graduate these domed peat bogs himself and I had the Romeo M. Flores thesis co-advisor to 38 MS and PhD students pleasure of acting as one of his guides. It was U.S. Geological Survey, Denver at Colorado State University, University also nice to ‘repay’ Romey by getting him wet, of Colorado, Colorado School of Mines, mucky and bug bitten to really show what his North Carolina State University, University model did not. of Kentucky, Northern Arizona University, I am tempted to end with a sentence Citation by Tim A. Moore New Mexico Institute of Technology, beginning with ‘finally’. But all of us who Texas Tech University, and South Dakota know Romey also know there is yet a long I met Romey before I knew him. Not too School of Mines. In addition, he has been way before that ‘finally’ can be written. surprisingly, it was under a brilliant cobalt sky Graduate thesis co-advisor and external Indeed, even at this moment he is on my case in late summer in the Powder River Basin. examiner for students at the Universite de to finish a paper with him and I can no longer The image I most remember was that of a Liege, Belgium; University of Queensland, use the excuse of writing this citation! large Ram Charger, red I think it was, with Australia; University of Natal, South Africa; this Filipino in a baseball hat squinting over and University of Witwatersrand, South the steering wheel at me. He was sucking Africa. Perhaps one of the reasons Romey Response by Romeo M. Flores on a toothpick. It made me wonder what he has remained so relevant in the field of coal I am privileged, and sincerely pleased, had for lunch. But it was 1980, I had not sedimentology is because of his commitment to be selected by the Award Panel of the yet completed my undergraduate study and and interactions with graduate students over Coal Geology Division of The Geological thus did not know Romey was well into the last thirty years. Society of America for the 2003 Gilbert H. formulating models for the Powder River Romey has the ability to remain Cady Award. I am grateful to Tim Moore for Basin that would soon become classic. Nor incredibly focused. And it is that trait which the citation and nomination, and to Frank did I know that twenty years later I’d be knee has allowed him to understand almost all Ethridge, Robert Millici, Leslie Ruppert, Peter deep in peat muck in a Sumatran bog with him aspects of basin development in the Powder Warwick, and panel members for their support. under completely different circumstances. But River Basin. But perhaps just as enduring has I am humbled to receive this award and to I get ahead of myself. been his insistence that coal beds and coal be accorded the honor of being placed among Born and raised in the Philippines, basins must be examined in a multidisciplinary the ranks of distinguished former recipients Romey attended The University of the approach. Working with the likes of Ron whom I admire and who have produced Philippines from 1955 to 1959 obtaining a Stanton, David Pocknall, Frank Ethridge, such fundamental contributions in coal Bachelors of Science degree in Geology in Jean Weaver, Gary Stricker, Peter Warwick, geology. I am also astonished, but extremely 1959. After graduating in 1960, he then was Vic Cavaroc, J. Thorez, John Hanley and appreciative, at being recognized in this granted admission into The University of many many others, he has helped lead teams manner for work that I have so much enjoyed Tulsa graduate programme where in 1962 he of scientists in teasing out answers about these past years. was given a Masters of Science in Geology. the formation of coal bearing basins. The Achieving this award would not have He then went to Louisiana State University reason so many have worked with Romey been possible without the invaluable guidance where, as one of John C. Ferm’s first students, is that he works hard, is generous with ideas and support of many individuals — mentors, he worked on coal-bearing sediments in the to co-authors and relishes a good scientific coworkers, and other close associates — who Appalachian Mountains. I can remember John argument. This recipe has resulted over 268 helped to shape my chosen career and afforded telling me how he had dumped Romey off published papers, with more still in the oven. me the opportunity to pursue it. Coal geology in the middle of nowhere at an Appalachian But Romey has not limited his study to was not a part of my undergraduate studies roadside outcrop. When John came back two the Powder River Basin. I think a number at The University of the Philippines, where weeks later, Romey was still coming to terms of us in coal geology have experienced the hard rock geology dominated, so I must

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS first mention Dr. M.E. Hopkins (“Hoppy” My role in advancing coal geology In closing, I wish to particularly to friends at The University of Tulsa) who was to serve as a catalyst to former graduate acknowledge the great indebtedness I owe provided my initial exposure to coal. I took students from North Carolina State University, for being able to work with renowned Hoppy’s graduate stratigraphy class in which University of Kentucky, Colorado State coal stratigraphers, coal petrologists, coal there was heavy emphasis on coal cyclothems University, Texas Tech University, Northern geochemists, and coal palynologists, too in the Illinois and Arkoma Basins. It was of Arizona University, University of Colorado, numerous to mention here, at the U.S. great interest to me that the class textbook Colorado School of Mines, and University Geological Survey. It is in that environment by Marvin Weller referred to Philippine of Liege, Belgium. These students joined my where ample opportunity was afforded coal cyclothems of which I had had no prior U.S. Geological Survey projects as summer to advance interdisciplinary research and knowledge. (Quite a surprise!) field geologists working on Master and Ph.D. teamwork essential for solving basic and I owe my formal training in coal geology theses in coal basins in the Rocky Mountain applied problems of coal geology. to Dr. John C. Ferm (“JC” to his students), and Great Plains regions and Alaska. Their For them, friends, and my family, I am also a recipient of the Cady Award. At voluminous stratigraphic and sedimentologic honored to accept the Cady Award. Louisiana State University, JC trained his first work contributed immeasurably to my (1963-1969) group of budding coal geologists knowledge of integrating coal facies and or “Fermites” (Vic Cavaroc, Barry Henderson, sedimentology into the broader aspects of Dave Hobday, Dave Pedersen, Harry coal geology in Tertiary and Cretaceous coal- Roberts, Jim Webb, Peter Whaley, and Ron bearing rocks. More specifically, application of Zimmerman). Through a National Science domed ombrogenous peat mires of Southeast Foundation grant of Drs. Ferm and Eugene Asia as analogues to the thick, clean (low-ash Williams of Pennsylvania State University, the yield) coals that formed in detritus-rich fluvial “Fermites” training ground was the northern settings in the Powder River Basin, which I Appalachian Basin, with the objective being first presented at the 1980 Rocky Mountain the Middle Pennsylvanian Allegheny Group. Coal Symposium, eventually served as a My part of the project was stratigraphy and working model for alluvial coal deposits in the sedimentology of the middle part of the Rockies and elsewhere. Allegheny Group in eastern Ohio, which evolved into a Ph.D. thesis. The theses of graduate students formed a core of Dr. Ferm’s research, which revolutionized correlations of coal beds and concepts of coal cyclothems in the northern Appalachian Basin. Dr. Ferm’s revisionist idea (e.g., “Allegheny Duck” model) emphasized autocyclic deposition, a la modern delta processes, as the major controlling factor of coal cyclothems. Being a part of this episode of growth in our coal science in the 1960’s shaped my philosophy in coal geology, which I have adopted, remolded, and, hopefully, advanced.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

E. B. BURWELL, JR., methodology must be used in future inquiries contract research reports that were awarded concerning those engineered works that fail to to a broad spectrum of talented researchers. AWARD protect the public during earthquakes. From this, his own work, and that of his WES Presented to Ellis L. Krinitzsky Here in this one economical technical colleagues, Krinitzsky’s method can stand the paper, Krinitzsky has come forth with all that test of reality in after-event scrutiny. It is the is needed for an honest geoscientist to go gift of an honest and informed geoscientist, about collecting and evaluating truths for the for the direct appreciation and use of his informed purpose of assigning dependable colleagues in the professions dedicated to earthquake ground motions for engineering. saving lives in future earthquakes. Krinitzsky’s courage is most bold in that his This single short paper stands also to call methodology stands alone. There is nothing attention to the glaring need for earthquake like it in the broad literature of the subject ground-motion purveyors to have the courage for definitive prescription of the steps and to provide transparency in their analyses. More analyses essential for engineers to incorporate importantly, may Krinitzsky’s statement of into their seismic-withstand computations. In clear methodology become a de facto standard this sense he has met the test of professional for truthful declarations of all workers in responsibility and he has thrown all of his geoscience input for seismic-withstand energies and capacities into this procedure design. We are dealing with nothing less than for us. This methodology represents the generating provisions for saving human lives. highest order of calling to his profession Apart from providing a rationale having Ellis L. Krinitzsky and is furthermore a sterling example of clarity, Krinitzsky’s methodology is available Engineer Research & Development Center, responsibility as a practicing earth scientist. to be employed henceforth in reviewing the Mississippi Krinitzsky’s contribution is even more honesty, worth, and applicability of every important as it is the only alternative to the geoscience report of ground-motion inputs dominating practice in North America, which for engineered seismic-withstand design. The is a veiled, black-box dogma called “seismic true usefulness for Krinitzsky’s methodology Citation by Allen W. Hatheway probability.” The inherent failings of seismic will be its application in post-event inquiry probability have been exposed by Krinitzsky to determine the competence of individual In order to properly design seismic- in a series of path-finding papers beginning recommendations for every engineered withstand qualities into critical engineered with publication of his GSA/AEG Richard structure that has failed during the next works, civil engineers and architects need H. Jahns Distinguished Lecture in 1993. killer earthquake. The opportunity to apply to consider the most likely characteristics Krinitzsky showed that seismic probability Krinitzsky’s method in the retrospection of of ground shaking that might be felt by a is a “black box” because it relies entirely the next huge, killer earthquake could come as structure. This evaluation must consider on mistaken assumptions, faulty logic and early as “tomorrow.” the actual seismo-tectonic region, with the statistical methods that are used improperly. location of its earthquake sources and the It is applied without a standard procedure and potential of each to produce a maximum commonly without an identified methodology Response by Ellis L. Krinitzsky credible earthquake. and therefore produces results that are opaque Dr. Hatheway refers to my criticisms of The engineering community currently to rational understanding. is beset with a variety of unsatisfactory earthquake hazard evaluation by probability Never mind for the moment that and my advocacy of a more rational method approaches by which ground motions are probabilistic ground-motion predictions specified for incorporation into seismic- based chiefly on geology. He and I think ignore much of the relevant geoscience seismic probability is done with inadequate withstand designs for critical structures. Most evidence gathered by those who seek, of the motions now actually specified are not data and is dependent on unjustifiable track, record, measure and analyze Nature’s assumptions. Hatheway and I are not alone properly founded on true geologic evidence stated, accumulated record of earthquake nor are the values scientifically realistic. in our beliefs. I would say that most of the characteristics. In stark contrast, Krinitzsky’s geological profession, who know the issues, Human lives are at stake! Ellis Krinitzsky methodology incorporates only applicable has spent the last thirty years in a calling to believe as we do. scientific and technical evidence. Of course there are those unrepentant correct this situation. Ellis’ message has a In Krinitzsky’s method, one does not duality, first to specify a rational and correct seismic probabilists. I think most of them are encounter the smoke and mirrors of seismic fully aware of the defects in their method. methodology and secondly, to shed light on the probability. Each step of assemblage, review, abuses by those who would advise that design They turn a blind eye for several reasons. evaluation, and interpretation of evidence is One is they have no knowledge of geology be based strictly on seismic probabilities openly defined. The beauty of his methodology obtained by methods that are opaque to the nor how fundamental it is for evaluating is that he has assembled every bit of it from designer, to public safety regulators, and to the earthquakes. Instead they are enchanted with not only his own endless effort, but from the the wonderfully desirable numbers that they public at large. valuable geological and seismological work Dr. Krinitzsky’s paper, How to Obtain can get by wishful thinking. Another is their of his colleagues. From 1973 through 1995 ego. When shown their errors, they can’t bring Earthquake Ground Motion for Engineering he managed and directed U.S. Army Corps Design, should be considered by architects and themselves to admit a mistake. And another is of Engineers’ funding that paid for a series money. Seismic probability brings in money, design engineers in their roles to protect the of 28 Waterways Experiment Station (WES) public, and Krinitzsky’s stated findings and and for some it is immensely lucrative. That

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS is why the leaders in seismic probability turn So, when I had a paper I thought was I was astonished. As an editor of a their backs on open discussion. And that is good, I took it to my friends in the AEG/GSA journal, I have seen hundreds of reviews. why they try to silence and discredit other to publish in Environmental and Engineering However, I have never seen a review that was views, but not deal with them. Geoscience. However, E&EG has an editor so self-serving and so utterly stupid. And the However, seismic probabilists do respond who sells seismic probability. He took my editor wrote to tell me that when I submit my to criticism in their own way. Mostly, they paper and sent it for review to a seismic revised manuscript, he will send it out for create review committees and pack them probabilist. The review that came back was more review. with themselves. Their shtick is to generate like a howl of outrage. There was nothing I withdrew the paper immediately and gigantic, one-sided, dreary reports that nobody constructive in it. Its thrust can be boiled sent it to Elsevier. The paper had previously reads. However, those reports impress high- down to two firm demands. First, my paper been reviewed for me by four of the Editorial level managers by bulk, not content. must state that it is only my opinion. Never Board members of Engineering Geology, When I published a paper in Civil mind that the content was based on work all favorably. The paper was published in Engineering, a top one of those gurus in the Corps of Engineers and that most of Engineering Geology without change. shamelessly wrote to the editor to complain what I presented was backed by Corps of Elsevier tracks the downloading of its that papers by me should not be published Engineers policy. Second, the reviewer said papers. My paper had the honor of being without peer review. He knew my papers were seismic probability was the “law of the land,” one of the most downloaded. There was peer reviewed. What he meant was he had not and strongly implied that anything different tremendous interest in this paper, and it came himself had a chance to trash my paper and he cannot be suitable for publication. I suppose from all over the world. wanted an opportunity next time. the reviewer wanted me to reconstruct my So, why do I bother you with the troubles Also, in a board meeting of the paper to fit the “law of the land,” which would I had in publishing another paper? Well, it is Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, be to permit only seismic probability. I’d like the same paper that just now has been honored a board member called me unethical. He also to know what law that reviewer was talking with the Burwell Award. That paper has come said my papers were trash. Only one board about? Even if there were such a law, which full circle within the GSA. member spoke up for me. The rest wanted there isn’t, when is any law beyond criticism We travel a rocky road in life. But to deny me any platform in the EERI. Later, in America? Laws that are beyond criticism sometimes there are compensations. when I offered a presentation for an EERI- bring back memories of the Third Reich and Sometimes, as now, there are more than sponsored conference, my presentation was the Soviet Union. compensations. To receive the Burwell rejected. I protested vehemently. They did find Award for this paper is a wonderful honor, a place for me. But those experiences taught a marvelous reassurance, and a tremendous me to stay away from the EERI. encouragement. I am grateful to all of you for it. And I thank you for it.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

2003 GEORGE P. the precise age registry of important geologic Response by Lisa Tauxe levels, such as the Paleocene/Eocene and Receiving the Woollard Award was an WOOLLARD AWARD Oligocene/Miocene boundaries, for improved unexpected pleasure. I have since learned a global correlation. Presented to Lisa Tauxe few things: how to pronounce it (WoollARD Lisa is also noted for her work on paleo- to rhyme with yard) and that it is named after intensity, one of the most difficult parameters a man known for his warmth and generosity of the geomagnetic field to measure but dedicated to the use of geophysics to solve critical to our understanding of its generation geological problems. I was tickled to find that and long-term evolution. She followed two past recipients include Rob van der Voo and research avenues - relative paleointensity in Neil Opdyke, two men who have been both sediments, where she was able to significantly mentors and friends through-out my career. improve data reliability by developing the And I am also delighted to have Dennis Kent, rigorous psuedo-Thellier technique, and this year’s Day Medalist as a citationist. absolute determinations in igneous rocks, I don’t like the “shoulder standing” where she pioneered the use of submarine metaphor often used in acceptance speeches basalt glasses that turn out to be an ideal because it implies a lot of climbing over material for classical Thellier methods. Some peoples backs. The process of growth in my important outcomes of this work are that case has been more like a long and intense the mean long-term value for Earth’s field conversation. I’m from the “Question intensity may only be about one-half of what Authority” generation, but my mentors and had been assumed and intriguingly, that there Lisa Tauxe colleagues have always responded with grace, Scripps Institution of Oceanography may be a dependency of the mean intensity on humor and remarkably good advice. University of California, San Diego polarity interval length. I have been very lucky throughout my A major recent interest is TAFI, a life. My parents tolerated my “tom boy” ways collaborative project with geomagnetic and made it clear that girls could achieve theorists, such as her colleagues Cathy whatever they were willing to work for. Citation by Dennis V. Kent Constable and Catherine Johnson at Scripps, Growing up in Minnesota gave me a powerful and experimentalists, such as Laurie Brown urge to travel and to be outside, so when I took Lisa Tauxe is a stellar researcher in and Neil Opdyke, to obtain a precise and my first geology course on the advice of my earth magnetism. She also teaches, is an accurate description of the time-averaged brother, I discovered my calling. I’ve been accomplished musician, has a family and is geomagnetic field. We can expect that the hooked ever since. active in scientific and civic circles. She has geocentric axial dipole hypothesis, a central In college, I pleaded with David Pilbeam, authored or co-authored over 110 papers — tenet of virtually all paleomagnetic studies, to let me go on his expedition to Pakistan. He including a poignant piece in Eos on juggling will finally be tested in detail. let me go, somewhat reluctantly I think and it dual-careers in academia, nurtured more Underlying all her efforts is a profound was one of those life changing events. It was than a half-dozen PhD students, and hosted understanding of statistical methods that need there that I met Neil Opdyke, a story which a steady stream of post-doctoral scholars. In to be employed to derive reliable and testable I only tell after a few drinks. I became his the process, Lisa has established at Scripps conclusions. She is a forceful advocate of student in grad student paradise, Lamont. My one of the premier paleomagnetics research techniques novel to our discipline, such as Lamont friends, especially my office mate, facilities in the world and herself as one of the the boot-strap and jack-knife, to estimate Brad Clement, enriched my life in countless preeminent workers in the field. representative values and error limits on ways. Dennis Kent graciously adopted me Her early work was in magnetostratig- distributions ranging from susceptibility when Neil left Lamont for Florida and taught raphy. Lisa’s first paper as a graduate student ellipsoids for determining magnetic fabrics to me what he could about how to do science. was a sole-authored contribution in Nature the widely used fold test for constraining age I also met my best friend, Hubert Staudigel, that dealt with a revision of the age of of magnetization. She is a proficient computer at Lamont and married him in Lamont’s rose Miocene hominoids in Asia based on revised programmer and has made a whole package garden. magnetostratigraphic correlations in the of useful software available in her recent As I was finishing my thesis, it suddenly Siwaliks. Also as a graduate student she went principles and methods book as well as on her dawned on me that I would have to WORK for out as the paleomagnetist on DSDP Leg 73 website. a living. The prospect terrified me. One day as and produced a superb magnetostratigraphy On a more personal note, those of us I was perusing the want ads, I got a call from for the Cenozoic. This record was key to the who know Lisa are completely taken by the Hans Thierstein, inviting me to apply for a job development of integrated magnetobiostrati- enthusiasm and joy with which see approaches at the “other” other oceanographic institution, graphic time scales and the data are still scientific problems. We also know that she is being used today. In East African continental Scripps. It was to build a paleomagnetics lab, very competitive so if you venture into her a tremendous opportunity for someone as rift sediments, she was able to confirm that sphere of interest, you better get it right. green as I was and I was just foolish enough Nick Shackleton got the age of the Brunhes/ For her contributions to geophysics and to take it. Matuyama boundary about right using to the scientific community, I am pleased to I have had many wonderful colleagues, orbital time scales and that the much-debated present Lisa Tauxe as the 2003 recipient of the students and post-docs at Scripps. Cathy discrepancy in its age was due to a bias in the Woollard Award. traditional potassium-argon dates. Her ongoing work in magnetostratigraphy has dealt with

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

Constable, Jeff Gee, Catherine Johnson, and Bob Parker have taught me most of what I know about geophysics and I am profoundly grateful for their friendship, help and support over the years. It is with gratitude that I accept this award. Paleomagnetists occupy an odd corner of Earth science nestled between geology and geophysics, drawing on both to help understand how the Earth works. We are viewed at times with suspicion or amusement. It is therefore also with pride that I receive this award from the Geophysics Division of the Geological Society of America.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

HISTORY OF GEOLOGY Washington University, University of But it is primarily for his scholarly Maryland and University of Delaware. He has achievements in the history of geology that AWARD been active in promoting science education the Division is honoring him today. His first Presented to Ellis L. Yochelson in the schools in Washington DC and Princes publication on the topic was a biographical Georges County in Maryland. sketch in 1960 of J. B. Knight. Ellis’s seventy As a paleontologist, Ellis specializes page biography of Charles Doolittle Walcott in gastropods and trace fossils. Like other appeared as a National Academy of Sciences successful paleontologists, he has an uncanny Biographical Memoir in 1968; this is an ability to sense which field localities are apt analytic piece on Walcott’s scientific and to yield specimens, just as good historians administrative life based in part on Walcott’s develop an intuition for which manuscript papers, not the usual blah commemorative collections to search (although both essay that appears in this series. phenomena may be self-fulfilling prophecies, His interest in biography has continued of course). Anyone who has done fieldwork through essays on geologists in the Dictionary with Ellis can attest to his enthusiasm for of Scientific Biography, Dictionary of the science – friends had to drag him off a American Biography, and American National Northern California beach where, for the first Biography. These series have very high time, he saw masses of by-the-wind sailors, editorial standards for accuracy, and demand creatures whose relatives he knew well from the ability to compress lifetimes of scientific traces in the fossil record. achievement into a few pages. Ellis is also an Ellis L. Yochelson His field work led Ellis to undertake accomplished book reviewer for scientific and USGS and Smithsonian Institutuion significant overseas travel. He has visited historical journals, submitting fair-minded Retired Norway several times but his most exotic work on time, of the right length, and properly expedition was to the Ellsmere Mountains formatted. (Antarctica) in 1979-1980, which resulted Ellis has written and edited several in a record number of slide trays with which items of great use to our field. He coauthored Citation by Michele L. Aldrich to wow his audiences, the most remarkable Images of the USGS with Cliff Nelson in being a half carousel of white-out slides 1979; 15,000 copies of this 56 page booklet In presenting Ellis L. Yochelson with akin to the monochrome paintings of Robert were issued. Ellis produced a history of the the History of Geology Award for 2003, the Rauchenberg. National Museum of Natural History building Geological Society of America recognizes over Ellis is noteworthy for his energetic in 1984 in celebration of its 75th anniversary, four decades of scholarship. Ellis published his activities in professional groups to support a topic to which he has returned several times. first work in the history of geology in 1960, paleontology and history of geology In 1980, he edited a GSA Special Paper on the but before that he had already established an through the sponsorship of symposia and ideas of Grove Karl Gilbert, and in 1982 he impressive career in paleontology. the publication of books and articles. He has coedited Frontiers of Geological Exploration Ellis was born in Washington DC in served as an officer in several paleontological of North America, arising from a USGS 1928. He enrolled at the University of Kansas organizations, including President of the centennial symposium held in Idaho. and the University of Maryland, receiving Paleontology Society in 1975. He was a But this award is given mainly in a Bachelor of Science degree in geology in cofounder of the History of Earth Sciences recognition of Ellis’s massive two volume 1949, the Master of Science degree from Society, persuading people that it was crucial biopgraphy of Charles D. Walcott. For three Kansas in 1950, and Ph.D. from Columbia to have such a group to support Gerry decades, Ellis shared his research on Walcott University in 1955. The most important even Friedman’s journal, Earth Sciences History. through papers at scientific meetings as he of his adult life occurred in 1950, when he Ellis was secretary treasurer of HESS in 1982 worked on this opus. This gave him feedback married Sally Witt, who has anchored his – 1984 and President in 1989. on all aspects of Walcott’s life. We have professional and personal life ever since, Officially connected to the organizing had Walcott sliced, diced, curried, chicken- including helping organize numerous scientific body of the USGS Centennial during 1975- fried, sauted, sweet and sour, mole, marsala, and historical meetings. 1979 but unofficially active in planning long Florentine, hash, stew, and Walcott Wellington. He was affiliated with the Paleontology before that, Ellis is responsible for much of the A history of geology session was incomplete and Stratigraphy Branch of the Unites States scholarly luster that shined from that event, without a Yochelson paper on some aspect of Geological Survey from 1952 to 1985, after making it a time for cerebration as well as Walcott. This has led to the definitive work on which he served on WAE status, senior celebration. He has also advised Canada and the man, but at a price – the manuscript was scientist emeritus, and volunteer ever since. the states of New York, Pennsylvania, and much too long. Tom Dutro said to cut it. John During his USGS tenure, Ellis has been Virginia on anniversaries of their geological Pojeta said to cut it. Alan Leviton said to cut headquartered at the National Museum of surveys. He also actively promoted history it. Most important, the published, Kent State Natural History, where he has served as of earth science as part of the Smithsonian Press, said to cut it – in half. In despair, Ellis Research Associate since 1967. Institution’s recent 150th anniversary, said he could not part with another word and His Smithsonian connection resulted in most notably through sessions at the North asked me to look at it. I chopped out about a historical as well as scientific achievements, American Paleontology Conference held in third of the first several chapters and told him reflected in his advice on the content and Washington DC that year. he could see how to do the rest. He accepted narrative text of several exhibits. Ellis had also taught at American University, George

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS about half my suggestions, and Kent State O - for opportunity, granted me by many Press went to print with it. people for more than five decades. The book has many merits, but I will N - for the Natural History Library, its mention only two here. First, Ellis dealt librarians and all other libraries and librarians masterfully with Stephen Jay Gould’s consulted; my appreciation includes archives presentist attack on Walcott’s work on the and archivists. Burgess Shale fauna. Instead of a wild ad- M - for George Perkins Merrill, the hominem counter-attack, Ellis stuck to the ultimate source of why we are gathered. issues and laid out exactly what Walcott did L - for Leviton, Al, who provided accomplish. Second, the biography places unexpected opportunities to talk and publish. Walcott in his historical context. Ellis explains K - for Kent State University Press, who Walcott’s continued administrative service as actually sent a royalty check, which averaged reflecting the Progressive vision of science out to $1.26 per year of investigation/ as a way to solve human problems. While writing, but moved me from mere author to there are many disjunctions between Ellis and professional writer. Walcott (Ellis has never been noted for his J - to be ignored; (older son Jeffrey patience with bureaucracy despite or perhaps forced me from my KayPro to a real because of his life in Washington DC), they computer). shared a faith that science could be a force for I - for Institution, Smithsonian (the good on this earth. “S” is for a more important purpose), for providing research associateship and for its archival staff. Response by Ellis L. Yochelson H - for History of Geology Division and Because of “Oscar” Awards, public what more can I state other than THANKS! acknowledging is a well-known activity, and G - for Gastropoda, the fossils of which it is virtually impossible to prevent becoming provided my toehold into geology. a cliché. As a change, I will skip through the F - for Friedman, Gerald (and Sue) who alphabet acknowledging a few people and made Earth Sciences History both evolve and places. The list is a small sample of the many progress. to whom appreciation should be rendered. E - for evaluation, as in book review, Z - for Karl von Zittel, a chronicler of some of which make you quell with joy and history of geology. others make you quake with dismay. Y - is for three Yochelson kids, an D - for deadline, a devise of fiendish investment which has paid grandchild editors - an oxymoron - and, because the dividends. world is not fair, who are always right. X - for Latin “Ex” (strange) as in expert C - for Claude Albritton, a senior man and “spurt” as in a drip under pressure—my who went out of his way to be gracious to a feeling now surrounded by my peers and greenhorn. betters. B - for Bork, Kenneth, who should know W - for the late Alexander Wetmore, already why he is appreciated. who presented opportunity and challenge to A - for Aldrich, Michele, who went consider the life of Walcott. through a book- length manuscript with both V - for varied, as in my publication fine-tooth comb and hobnail boots, yet, record (also eclectic or disorganized) . despite all, was willing to be a citationist. U - for USGS for which I worked hard, I appreciate this honor more than I but also stole time to do important things. can express. Insufficient as is the letter “H, T - for Taylor, Ken, an exemplar for conversely it conveys my all. any history of science graduate student who aspires toward earth sciences. S - for Sally who has put up with an incredible amount of aggravation for an incredible number of years; (not all aggravation is from history of geology). R - for retirement; (with the formerly generous plan of the government this was my best career move). Q - to be forgotten; (quest for knowledge is too dorky to include). P - for publication, carrying with it certainty of mistakes; (the way to avoid them is not to publish, which is the biggest mistake).

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

O.E. MEINZER AWARD Steve. He is a true optimist. He is not cautious us benefited greatly from Irwin’s kind and at all intellectually. These characteristics, generous leadership. Presented to Steven E. Ingebristen fundamental optimism and fearlessness in the The same year that I started at Stanford pursuit of intellectual ideas are why I believe – 1980 – I was hired as a student employee at he has been so successful. It means that he is USGS/Menlo Park. Since then, I’ve enjoyed willing to take intellectual risks and believe the highly stimulating work environment at that he can solve problems other people shy the Survey in Menlo Park. My own efforts away from. over the years have been funded mainly Awards like this ostensibly are awarded by the USGS Volcano Hazards Program, for work done in the last five years, but in fact focussing on problems at the interface between this is a career achievement award, and Steve hydrogeology and the solid-earth sciences. has had an outstanding intellectual career In this regard it’s been tremendously helpful examining the interaction of fluids and heat in to be collocated in Menlo Park with what the crust of the earth. are likely the world’s best earthquake- and Most people in groundwater are applied volcano-hazards teams. And among our many scientists. In contrast, Steve has pursued a distinguished local hydrogeologists, John different path and I think a very intellectually Bredehoeft, Paul Hsieh, and Barbara Bekins rewarding one. He works on fundamental have been important guiding influences over problems on how a fluid-filled Earth behaves. the years. Steven E. Ingebristen USGS, Menlo Park He has been doing this for about 20 years I also have had great good fortune with now, and he is still coming up with rewarding more distant collaborations, notably with insights. Stuart Rojstaczer at Duke, Craig Manning at His work on the evolution of UCLA, and Ward Sanford and Dan Hayba at hydrothermal systems done almost two USGS/Reston. The list of papers that was cited Citation by Stuart Rojstaczer decades ago yielded benchmark papers. His for the Meinzer Award reflects very enjoyable It is truly my privilege to give the analysis of heat flow in the Cascades defied collaborations with these colleagues. citation to my dear friend, Steve Ingebritsen, conventional wisdom. Most recently, his Receiving this sort of award presents an for this year’s Meinzer award. Unlike most synthesis of permeability data in the crust opportunity to wax philosophical, and has led of you here, who know Steve strictly from of the Earth is a gutsy piece of work that I me to reflect upon thoughts that I’ve heard his science, I know the whole person very believe will be referenced and used for many expressed by distinguished colleagues over well, his science, his family, and his friends. decades to come. the years. Frank Schwartz started a healthy I’ve worked with him, written papers with Steve tackles interesting and difficult dialog a few years ago with his assessment him (None of which I note were cited in this problems. When it comes to his intellectual of the “maturity” of hydrogeology as a award!), told stories to his three kids, and life he is courageous. Because of his discipline. I think that it is reasonable to view explained to his wife why he was late for optimism and fearlessness he is leaving a hydrogeology as “mature” in the sense that dinner. I’ve even traded clothes with him. lasting intellectual legacy, one that I think we often have adequate models to address I’ve seen him with a smile on his face over will continue to grow. He is someone who problems in the traditional water-resources the accomplishments of his kids. And I have will always be able to find new problems and arena. (Though – as others have noted – we seen him at 14,000 feet trying to deal with examine them in exciting ways. Thankfully, are often model-rich and data-poor.) But there hypothermia. the baseball wisdom that nice guys finish last are clear opportunities to make important I know him like a book I’ve read many doesn’t always hold true. Steve is one of the contributions by applying state-of-the-art times. And to carry that metaphor further, best groundwater researchers working today hydrogeologic approaches to non-traditional Steve is an excellent book. Every chapter is and is fully deserving of this award. problems. Because of my own background a good read. He is a wonderful friend and a I am most aware of opportunities at the great husband and father. He is a outstanding interface with solid-earth sciences, and would Response by Steven E. Ingebristen manager of people as Branch Chief at the U.S. cite, as one example, the growing awareness Geological Survey. He cares about people, and My career in hydrogeology began when of the influence of fluids on fault behavior. doesn’t hesitate to go out of his way to help I had the great good fortune to be admitted There are also wonderful opportunities at others. to Irwin Remson’s hydrogeology program the interface with the biological sciences, He isn’t perfect. It’s a truism that you can at Stanford, where I was surrounded by an ranging from the applied (groundwater as an tell a lot about a person by the company he inspiring group of fellow students including ecosystem resource) to the fundamental (the keeps. And when it comes to friends, Steve has Stuart Rojstaczer, Jean Bahr, Hedeff role of groundwater in evolution of the “deep a history of being attracted “ne’er do wells” Essaid, Dick Iverson, Ken Belitz, and many biosphere”). There are – and surely always including yours truly. Whether this tendency others. (And I mean “good fortune” quite will be – a lot of exciting and worthwhile reflects a latent desire to live a “ne’er do” literally; Irwin told me a few years ago that problems to work on. life vicariously or a desire to reform them by Stanford was no longer taking chances on I’ll conclude by echoing something that leading by example I cannot say. students like me, who didn’t work as hard Fred Phillips said two years ago when he And while winning awards like this one in college as I could have.) The Stanford received this award. Fred said words to the isn’t a personality contest, it’s worth noting hydrogeology program was a wonderful effect that none of us goes into this particular two fundamental personality characteristics of learning environment, and I think that all of field to get rich; instead, we’re attracted

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS mainly by the intrinsic interest and value of the work, and one of the greatest external rewards that we hope for is that our work be deemed useful by our peers. I’m very grateful for this recognition from those who have found my work useful. I had the opportunity to meet many of you three years ago as the Birdsall- Dreiss Lecturer, and would add that I am proud of the sense of purpose and community spirit that exists among hydrogeologists, and am glad to be part of it.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

DISTINGUISHED professional paper on the Deep River Coal One of John’s motives was to help the Field and Triassic Basin. international community, whether it be a CAREER AWARD From August to December 1949, John single individual, a complex government Presented to John A. Reinemund was sent to Korea, along with three other organization, or a major regional consortium, USGS geologists, to make an assessment of to achieve its geoscientific objectives rather South Korea’s coal resources under a project than having the USGS doing it for them. Some funded by the U.S. Economic Cooperation of the principle successes of John’s career Administration. When John returned to include: Washington he was appointed Deputy • Unification of Central Treaty Organization Section Chief of the USGS Fuels Branch. In (CENTO) countries into a scientific and that capacity, he assisted in inspecting and technical cooperative. reviewing projects in the eastern United States. • Development of the Coordinating In 1956, under an agreement with the Committee for Joint Prospecting for Mineral U.S. Agency for International Development Resources in Asian Offshore Areas (CCOP). (USAID), John served as Principal Geologic Advisor to the Government of Pakistan. As • Helped create the Circum-Pacific Council Chief of the USGS team, he recommended on Energy and Mineral Resources (CPC), the development of a national geologic and served as CPC Executive Director, and mineral program that included training the received its Medal of Merit. professional staff of the Geological Survey • Helped create in 1973 the Circum-Pacific John A. Reinemund of Pakistan, preparation of a new geological Map Project (CPMP); served as lifetime USGS Chief of Internation Programs map of Pakistan, identification and exploration Director. Deceased of known mineral deposits, mapping of coal • Member of the Board of the International fields, and the establishment of engineering Geological Correlation Program (IGCP). geology, photogrammetric, and publications programs. New national facilities were built in • Treasurer of the International Union of Citation by Maurice J. Terman, George Quetta and regional facilities for East Pakistan Geological Sciences (IUGS). Gryc, and Richard J. Calnan (now Bangladesh) were established in Dhaka. • Helped create in the late1980s the Circum- The demonstration in Pakistan of John’s Atlantic Project; served as a lifetime The International Division of GSA exceptional scientific and administrative advisor. presents, posthumously, its inaugural abilities led to his appointment in 1964 as Distinguished Career Award to John A. Throughout his long career, John Chief of the Foreign Geology Branch. Through authored a number of research publications Reinemund in recognition of his outstanding his interpersonal skills and his understanding career and contributions to the global on the geology of the mineral and energy of the fundamental problems faced by resources of the U.S. and of countries such as community. John Adam Reinemund was a developing countries, he was successful in participant, supervisor, and consultant in a Pakistan, Turkey, Iran, and the Philippines. restructuring the USGS’ overseas programs in Also many administrative reports have been remarkable variety of projects worldwide technical assistance. during a career of more than 60 years. His produced on the great variety of geoscience In 1967, Augustana College awarded projects and problems that captured his geologic activities resulted in significant John Reinemund an Honorary Doctorate of contributions to the collection and attention. To recognize his significant Humanities in recognition of his achievements contributions to furthering international dissemination of earth science information in international scientific, technical, and especially for mineral and energy resources. geological research, especially in developing educational assistance to emerging nations. countries, John Reinemund received from the His skill and creativity in solving problems Thus for 20 years, John Reinemund successfully promoted earth science programs Department of Interior the Meritorious Service devoted his energy to developing and directing Award and the Distinguished Service Award, requiring cooperation and collaboration worldwide international programs in the between academia, industry and government its highest honor. He also received the 2001 earth sciences through technical assistance, American Association of Petroleum Geologists in the United States and in many countries and scientist exchanges, local or regional sym- regions of the world. Human Needs Award. The citation reads, “To posia, research projects and professional John A. Reinemund, geologist to the world, for John received a war service appointment development. John placed much emphasis on with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collecting and disseminating useful geologic personal contacts; his friendship with officials information to fulfill human needs and in their strategic minerals investigations in many countries and his extensive travels to determine the availability of domestic promote collaboration between government, to guide negotiations, maintain contacts, industry and academia.” John will be supplies of minerals that were increasingly and monitor the Survey’s overseas progress difficult to obtain from overseas sources. remembered as a gentleman and a scholar have undoubtedly contributed to the high After his military service, John was assigned who made an extraordinary contribution to the prestige with which the USGS is now regarded earth sciences in the international arena. to mapping and assessing the reserves of the abroad. His innate diplomacy, along with his Deep River Coal Field in North Carolina, remarkable organizational skills, the foresight and to provide geologic guidance for a U.S. of his scientific judgment, and a calm human Bureau of Mines drilling program. In 1949, compassion have earned John the respect and John transferred to the USGS headquarters admiration of all those who have dealt with him. in Washington D.C. where he prepared a

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

G.K. GILBERT AWARD analyses. There are many highlights associated and Professor of Geophysics and Director of with his scientific career, including the first the McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Presented to Roger J. Phillips deep microwave sounding of the lunar crust as at Washington University in St. Louis. the Team Leader of the Apollo Lunar (Radar) Roger is, in my opinion, the ideal Sounder Experiment, the first Bouguer gravity recipient of the C. K. Gilbert Award. He has anomaly determination for Mars, developing a distinguished scientific track record that the first gravity model and global stress demonstrates a strong sense of where the new calculation associated with the lithospheric discoveries are to be made. He has combined load due to formation of the Tharsis Plateau observation and theory in ways that are very on Mars, pioneering the development of reminiscent of the approaches Gilbert used Venus evolution models, leading the Basaltic throughout his career. Further, he is a highly Volcanism Project as Director of the Lunar and respected senior member of our community Planetary Institute, leading the Gravity Team who is often asked and often serves in associated with the Pioneer Venus Mission to advisory capacities designed to ensure that Venus, carrying out the first Magellan analysis the planetary exploration program maximizes of the nature and distribution of impact craters science return and follows the most important on Venus, and most recently, laying out the scientific questions. evidence that formation of the Tharsis Plateau and associated massive volcanism controls the Roger J. Phillips Response by Roger J. Phillips Washington University, St. Louis shape of Mars. Further, he demonstrated that the release of Tharsis volatiles fundamentally Thanks for the very kind words, Ray. changed the climate of Mars to relatively It is an honor and a privilege to receive the warmer and wetter conditions. His interests G. K. Gilbert award, and I thank the GSA, and skills continue to expand, for example, Citation by Raymond E. Arvidson and the Planetary Geology Division, for this as a Co-Investigator on the Mars Express recognition. I am deeply privileged to have It is with great pleasure that I introduce MARSIS radar sounder and the Deputy Team my name associated with G. K. Gilbert. Arvid Roger Phillips, Professor of Geophysics Leader on the 2005 Mars Reconnaissance Johnson of Purdue, a Gilbert disciple, has and Director of the McDonnell Center for Orbiter SHARAD radar sounder. The objective stated: “Perhaps Gilbert’s most remarkable the Space Sciences, Washington University for the two sounders is to map the subsurface quality was his ability to interpret into in St. Louis, as the 2003 G. K. Gilbert structure of the martian crust and lithosphere, mechanical theory what he observed in the Award Winner. In reading Gilbert’s papers with a focus on finding evidence for water field.” I, too, have tried to work at the interface I have been continually impressed by use tables or horizons and mapping the distribution between geology and geodynamics, the former of incisive field observations, followed by of subsurface ice. Roger is currently spending because it is the science I was drawn to first, quantitative analyses of the observations that much of his time making sure that appropriate and the latter because, in the end, I can solve are designed to shed light on fundamental quantitative models will be in place and used equations better than I can make maps. geological processes. Gilbert’s study of the in conjunction with the sounding data to detect My path to the present has been long Henry Mountains, Utah, including field and map subsurface structures and water-rock and tortuous. In a senior class home room observations and modeling these laccoliths and ice-rock interfaces with a high degree of in San Jose in 1957, I picked up a brochure as “pistons” bounded by circular faults, is fidelity. that talked about an education in geology at particularly appealing because of the nice The planetary sciences are special in the Colorado School of Mines. I had never interplay of geology and physics. Roger that many of the leaders in the field maintain thought of that, but I saw the possibilities of Phillips has followed and further developed strong relationships with NASA. The reason combining my interest in science and math this approach in ways that I think Gilbert is that we depend on space-borne missions with my love for hiking and backpacking. would understand and approve of if he were to acquire the data needed to understand the Besides, I (mistakenly) concluded that Golden, still alive today. In fact, I suspect they would origin and evolution of the solar system and Colorado, was deep in the Rockies. I could be great friends, with common interests in objects with it. In fact, NASA depends on go to school in the mountains! (This was the how planets work and how measurements of the community and its leaders to provide first of many geologic miscalculations that I surfaces and interiors can be used to test and the advice and guidance needed to ensure a was destined to make.) I was supposed to be update quantitative, physically-based models program that is scientifically exciting and cost- headed to Berkeley, and leaving California did for planetary evolution. effective. Roger has been a leader in providing not please my parents, but this was offset (to Roger’s scientific accomplishments are advice and guidance throughout his career, them) by the financial benefits of a football extraordinary in both scope and depth, as including NASA and NRC advisory panels and scholarship. CSM was chock full of people demonstrated by publication of 135 peer- panels that focused on review and selection interested in geology and geophysics, mining reviewed papers and book chapters covering of spaceborne instruments and experiments. and petroleum, and Mines taught me how to the Earth, Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, In addition, he has held leadership positions be a problem solver in the Earth Sciences. My and the icy satellites of the outer planets. at each of his home institutions, including interests turned to mining geology, and many Techniques that have been employed in his Section Manager at the Jet Propulsion of my friends, including my good football/ studies have focused on gravity mapping and Laboratory, Director of the Lunar and geology chum Art Pansze, went on to make geodynamical modeling, but have included Planetary Institute, Matthews Professor of careers of this. I was headed in that direction, magnetics, seismic, radar sounding, and image Geophysics at Southern Methodist University, too, and managed to do three summers of field

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS work in the Rockies. The people I worked assembled an eclectic group of scientists there everything, and never met a sentence he for at Climax Molybdenum, all economic in the early 1980s, including Ric Wendlandt, couldn’t improve. Norm Sleep, Kurt Lambeck, geologists from the University of Michigan, Lew Ashwal, Matt Golombek, and the late Gordon Pettengill, and Stan Peale have been suggested that I needed to obtain a Ph.D. That Graham Ryder. good geophysical mates along the way. And had never occurred to me either. Somehow concluding that Texas was we all miss Bill Kaula, who set a standard In 1963 I set off finally to Berkeley to still the place to be (perhaps it was the heat for planetary geophysics that all of us have obtain a Ph.D. in Mineral Exploration. There or the bluebonnets), I accepted an offer in strived for. Catherine Johnson, a friend and in the Department of Mineral Technology, I 1982 to become the Matthews Professor collaborator, has made IGPP at Scripps a discovered that the exploration geochemist of Geophysics at SMU in Dallas. Lacking welcoming place for me. Bruce Jakosky and was uninspiring, and the exploration geologist planetary science companions, I hung out Mike Mellon have made me feel at home at had just retired. That left the exploration with an unlikely though friendly crowd (e.g., LASP in Boulder, and have opened up my geophysicist, the late Stan Ward, who vertebrate paleontologists Lou Jacobs, Dale eyes to a Mars evolution that involves more influenced me to cross over to the dark side. and Alisa Winkler; palynologist Bonnie than interior geophysics and tectonics. Bruce Stan was an EM type, who at first befuddled Jacobs; and archaeologist David Meltzer), and has also introduced me to the concept of a me with upside down triangles in equations. even fiddled with archaeological geophysics. Bombay Sapphire martini, best consumed at For several years Stan immersed me in the In the late 1980s we recruited Vicki Hansen the Hotel Boulderado on a Friday afternoon nuances of the telluric and magnetotelluric as our structural geologist, and she and I while trying to figure out what makes methods, but in the mid-1960s, Stan got the came to have, after I left SMU, an enjoyable planetary scientists tick. John Dvorak, Sue idea of flying an electromagnetic sounding collaboration trying to unravel post-Magellan Smrekar, Mark Wieczorek, Steve Hauck, Rich experiment from the Apollo spacecraft. Swept Venus. I was recruited to Washington Albert, and Brian Hynek were great graduate up by the national euphoria of going to the University in the early 1990s by my citationist, students and taught me a lot. So did step- Moon, I signed up. In the span of three years Ray Arvidson, who has been a good colleague graduate student, and presently my post-doc, I had moved from field work on a carbonatite and friend over the years, is a geologist who Andrew Dombard. complex in Powderhorn, Colorado, to solving knows physics, and has made life easy for me For more than a decade, the MOLA the problem of low-frequency EM wave at Wash. U. science team on the Mars Global Surveyor propagation in the plasma surrounding the I have now come full circle to my mission has been a bastion of affability, with Moon (and hopping around on Riemann graduate school days, returning to my roots in a team spirit and enthusiasm that has gotten surfaces). Welcome to the Space Program! EM theory by working on the MARSIS and the best science out of the topography data I trundled off to JPL in 1968, still SHARAD Mars radars. I appreciate Roberto set derived from the orbiting laser altimeter. with my eye on the Apollo EM sounding Seu and his comrades for introducing me to It has been a privilege to be on this team, and experiment (which we eventually flew on radars, the Italian way, as well as for giving I warmly thank Dave Smith and Maria Zuber Apollo 17), but eager to work on the emerging me the opportunity to learn about Italian for providing such excellent leadership. We Apollo data sets, which, unfortunately, the culture. will all carry on the party, led by Sean, as we Apollo PIs were reluctant to part with. Go When I think back over the 40 years start the journey to Mercury next year. figure. The exception was Bill Sjogren, who since I left Mines, several overriding themes In closing I would like to acknowledge had just co-discovered mascons, and who was come to mind. First, I was extremely fortunate two really fantastic people, my daughters more than willing to share his gravity data in being there at the start of planetary Kristina and Kimberly. As for my wife sets. Goodbye plasma physics, and the rest, as exploration. It has been a heck of a ride, Rosanna, she is my best buddy, the love of my they say, is history. though much more is in store for me. Second, life, and, thankfully, works hard at removing I soon discovered that I needed to know I have always tried to follow the scientific my head from the planets when necessary and more than simple gravity modeling, so I problem, paying no attention to discipline re-rooting me in reality. learned about lithospheric dynamics, mantle boundaries. This to me is the great joy of convection, thermal modeling, rock rheology, doing science, of trying to solve a problem. and so on. I have applied these geodynamical Often this has gotten me into trouble, but just concepts to the planets and tried to tie them as often a knowledgeable colleague has bailed back, in the spirit of G. K. Gilbert, to the me out. geology we observe at planetary surfaces. But the most memorable aspect of all The JPL days with Fraser Fanale, Doug of this has been the camaraderie. It’s the Nash, Jim Conel, Steve Saunders, and others friendships across the country and across were exhilarating. It was there that I met a the planet that make planetary science so young Ph.D. from Caltech named Mike Malin, enjoyable. We are a strange lot, driven hard and he and I began a long collaboration, by our quest to understand the planets, mostly trying to figure out Venus, although exchanging e-mails at two in the morning, his most recent contribution was helping whining about proposal writing and proposal me dig my truck out of the snow last winter reviewing, and not quite believing that they in St. Louis. In 1979 I moved on to became would actually pay grownups to do this stuff. Director of the Lunar and Planetary Institute We are always glad to see each other, to talk in Houston. Those were the “urban cowboy” science and to swap stories. My planetary days, and my most lasting contribution to LPI friendships go back decades and this includes was the invention of the LPSC chili cook-off Sean Solomon, who always sets a rigorous and barbeque, an act I now profoundly regret. I tone for scientific inquiry, remembers

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

KIRK BRYAN AWARD groundwater conditions, and human land use. Holocene arroyo fills, and paleosols. I was We now also better understand prehistoric hooked. With the support of Vance Haynes Presented to settlement patterns, prehistoric preservation and Ted Smiley, I switched my major from Michael R. Waters potentials, and subsistence strategies in an archaeology to geology which has taken me and area rich in important archaeological sites. down the path of marrying my interests in C. Vance Haynes Perhaps most importantly, this paper resolves these two disciplines. the century-old debate about the influence of My first hands-on encounter with desert human impacts on arroyo cutting because it is streams came with my dissertation work on now clear that another cycle of incision would Whitewater Draw. There I was working on Citation by Lee Nordt have occurred regardless of land use. the archaeological problem of the age of the It is with great pleasure that I present Both Waters and Haynes have won Sulphur Spring stage of the Cochise Culture. the citation for the 2003 Kirk Bryan Award numerous teaching and research awards, both To resolve this issue required putting these to Dr. Michael R. Waters (Professor, Texas have become members of important societies, sites into a dated geological sequence. This led A&M University) and Dr. C. Vance Haynes and both have received numerous grants based me to establish the alluvial stratigraphy of the (Professor Emeritus, University of Arizona) principally on their work dedicated to alluvial Draw. for their benchmark paper entitled: “Late histories of the Southwest. They greatly After completion of my dissertation, I Quaternary Arroyo Formation and Climate deserve this important award: to Dr. Haynes had the good fortune to meet John Ravesloot. Change in the American Southwest”. This for life-time achievement and to Dr. Waters At the time, he was working on a site in the paper, published in Geology (2001, v. 29, p. for bringing four decades of work to its final floodplain of the Santa Cruz Arroyo south 399-402), is a culmination of four decades fruition. There is no doubt this is a landmark of Tucson. There, he had a complex and of work by Waters and Haynes studying late paper that will be cited for years to come. confusing stratigraphic record of arroyo Quaternary stream dynamics in the North Thanks to both of you for your dedication cutting and filling. Combining this project American Southwest. Do not be deceived by and significant contribution to understanding with others along the Santa Cruz River, as the papers length, a mere four pages. From a long-standing problem in the field of well as building on the research of Haynes, data collected during a period of nearly 40 Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology. Freeman, and others, I was able to reconstruct years, it represents a synthesis of over 200 the complex late Quaternary stratigraphy of this arroyo. radiocarbon ages and numerous stratigraphic Response by Michael R. Waters descriptions from several major drainage I would like to point out that much basins. Kirk Bryan was keenly interested in of our arroyo research has been funded by arroyo formation and I am certain that he archaeological contracts and grants. This would have enthusiastically embraced this research likely would not have been possible paper and the selection of this years awardees. without the support of archaeologists who Dr. Haynes began investigating believed that understanding the geology temporal aspects of late Quaternary alluvial of their sites and the surrounding area stratigraphic successions in the Southwest was important to their research. The noted during the early 1960s using the new Kirk Bryan also worked extensively with radiocarbon dating technique. Although now archaeologists. Archaeological research retired as a professor, his work in the area and contract projects have provided much has continued to this day. Michael Waters, information on the late Quaternary history of under the direction of Dr. Haynes, began many regions and this contribution deserves his Ph.D. studies in the early 1980s on the credit. Over the years, I have worked with alluvial stratigraphy of Whitewater Draw in many wonderful archaeologists in an effort to Arizona. After receiving the doctoral degree, understand arroyos and the operation of fluvial Dr. Waters continued to examine arroyos and systems in southern Arizona. This collaborative rivers in the region compiling a large number Michael R. Waters research was done to determine how fluvial Texas A&M University of stratigraphic sections and radiocarbon ages landscapes changed over time, what triggered contributing to the reservoir of data already these changes, and how these landscape collected by Dr. Haynes. It is an honor to receive the Kirk Bryan changes influenced the prehistoric people who It should be pointed out that although Award. I am especially please to share this lived along and depended on these streams. arroyos are widespread in the Southwest, award with my mentor, Vance Haynes–who In closing, I thank Lee Nordt for his kind their formation has been an enigma. The 2001 gave me my start in Quaternary geology and words and for nominating our paper. I thank manuscript upon which this award is based, geoarchaeology. the awards committee for choosing our paper. concisely and unequivocally establishes a I first learned about desert streams and I thank my parents, John and Jane Waters, 7.5 ka year history of arroyo deposition and their complex stratigraphy at the Lehner for their lifelong support. Most importantly, I incision. It is noteworthy that for the first time Clovis archaeological site in southern thank the two unmentioned coauthors of the we know when arroyo formation began, that it Arizona. At that time, I was an archaeology paper–my wife, Susan, and daughter, Kate, for accelerated during the last 4000 years, and that major. While working as an excavation hand their support of my many wanderings. They its formation is largely linked to post-glacial for Vance Haynes, I was able to see the keep the home fires burning and are the most climates accompanied by changing El Nino- stratigraphy of this and other sites in the San important members of my research team. Southern Oscillation patterns, vegetation, Pedro Valley. I saw the black mat, buried Thank you.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

Response by C. Vance Haynes Mike started out in anthropology Mike’s study of the Santa Cruz studying to be an archaeologist when a alluvium of the Tucson Basin resulted in crewmember on the 1974-75 reexcavation of the clearest evidence yet for the impact of the Lehner Clovis site, Larry Agenbroad and I alluvial processes on cultural changes in the introduced him to archaeological geology first prehistoric record. Put all of this together with hand. Mike picked up on geology and the rest his integration of the works of others and we is history, as they say. have the first definitive text on the Principles When I came to the University of of Geoarchaeology by none other than Arizona in 1961 to seek the Doctorate in Michael R. Waters. It is Mike’s interpretation Quaternary geology, it was my intention to of arroyo formation linked to dry-wet cycles attempt to resolve the question of the relative as also linked to El Niño and non-El Niño age and potential relationship of the Sulphur conditions that led to the paper for which we Springs phase of the Cochise Culture of receive this award. It is an honor to share this Whitewater Draw, Arizona, and to determine award with such a distinguished scholar and the potential relationship of the phase to the colleague. Clovis technocomplex at the Naco and Lehner sites. After Peter Mehringer and I discovered C. Vance Haynes, Jr. the Murray Springs Clovis site in 1966, it University of Arizona, Tucson became apparent that this and the return to the Lehner site was all I could handle. Mike’s Master’s thesis on Paleolake Cahuilla It was a complete surprise when Mike in southern California is a masterpiece, Waters called me to say we were to receive and it demonstrated the late Holocene ages the Kirk Bryan Award for 2003. This is indeed of artifacts that some thought to be late both a great pleasure and honor because I Pleistocene. After seeing Mike’s progress have always considered Kirk Bryan to be and dedication to archaeological geology, it a mentor in absentia. It is unfortunate that became obvious that he was the right person Bryan did not live to see the full application of to tackle the Whitewater Draw Quaternary radiocarbon dating to his alluvial chronology geology for his doctoral dissertation. This of the American Southwest that led to my work on the alluvial chronology of Whitewater 1968 syntheses, The Geochronology of Late Draw in the Double Adobe area clearly Quaternary Alluvium, as well as to the paper demonstrated the post-Clovis stratigraphic for which this award is presented to Mike position of the Sulpher Springs phase. Waters and me. To share this award with Michael Waters is a special privilege. Many thanks to Lee Nordt for nominating us.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

LAURENCE L. SLOSS in Golden in 1957. It was during his time the early 1970’s his research focused on at CSM where he made many of his lasting deltaic systems and their facies associations. AWARD contributions to geology. He was head of the By the late 1970’s and early 1980’s he was Presented to Robert J. Weimer department from 1964-1969 and “retired” investigating the interaction of paleotectonics in 1983 as Getty Professor of Geological and valley-fill deposits. In the mid 1980’s he Engineering. As Professor Emeritus, he was senior author on a paper that discussed continues his involvement with the school the relationship of unconformities, tectonics as an active participant in their academic and sea-level change on Cretaceous strata in programs. He is currently supporting the the Western Interior. In the 1990’s his papers preparation of a book documenting the 129- dealt with sequence stratigraphy, fractured year history of the school. Bob is first and reservoirs and the history of oil and gas foremost a teacher. Hundreds of undergraduate development in the Rocky Mountain region. and graduate students at CSM and industry These were all important papers and advanced professionals have benefited from the courses our understanding of the nature of the he taught in stratigraphy, sedimentology and stratigraphic systems in the western U.S. petroleum geology. Based on his lifelong contributions Bob has served in many capacities for as a scientist and mentor, Bob is certainly professional and technical organizations. He deserving of recognition by the Sedimentary was President of AAPG (1991-1992) and Geology Division of GSA. It is an honor to has received their highest honor, the Sidney present this year’s Laurence L. Sloss Award to Robert J. Weimer Powers Medal (1984). He was President of Robert J. Weimer. Colorado School of Mines SEPM (1972-1973) and has received their highest honor, the Twenhofel Medal (1995). At Colorado School of Mines he was awarded Response by Robert J. Weimer the Mines Medal in 1984 and the Brown My selection as the 2003 recipient of Citation by John W. Robinson Medal in 1990. He is past president of the the Sloss Award by the Sedimentary Geology Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists Division is indeed a high honor for which I Robert J. Weimer has been active in the and the Colorado Scientific Society. In 1992 am most grateful. To receive this prestigious geosciences, either as a consultant, educator, he was elected to the National Academy of award, named after a long-time friend and or businessman for over 50 years. Bob’s Engineering for his application of stratigraphic professional colleague, is indeed a most accomplishments are many and he continues principles to exploration and for promoting pleasant surprise. I thank the GSA officers to work on geologic problems with the same continuing professional education. and committee for this recognition, and John gusto as a graduate student. Let’s review the Bob has been an active member of GSA Robinson for his kind words about my career. background of one of the foremost geologists as a guidebook editor, chairman of the Rocky I first met Larry Sloss when I was a of our time. Mountain Section, and member of numerous student attending the Wyoming Geological Bob was born in Glendo, in east-central committees. He is currently on the Foundation Association’s Field Conference on the Big Wyoming, on the Hartville Uplift and within Board. His most notable effort for GSA was Horn Basin in August 1947. As a sidelight, walking distance of some economically serving as General Chairman of the 1988 this conference was the start of planning for important Pennsylvanian strata. After service Centennial Year Meeting in Denver. the GSA Rocky Mountain Section, which was in the U.S. Navy, he received a BA and MA Bob has given lectures at numerous organized the following spring at a meeting in Geology from the University of Wyoming universities around the world. He has been I attended in Laramie. Larry was near the in 1948 and 1949 and then headed west to a distinguished lecturer for AAPG (3 times) end of several years at the Montana School Stanford and completed a Ph.D. in 1953. and SEG, was a Fulbright lecturer at the of Mines at Butte, where he had studied the During this time he met and married Ruth University of Adelaide and a visiting professor Paleozoic carbonates and unconformities Adams who has been a lifelong supporter and in Indonesia and Canada. He has published of Montana before moving to Northwestern partner in Bob’s career. In 1949 he began to nine books and was senior author on over 100 in 1947. This work was later expanded to work for Union Oil Co. and five years later papers and numerous abstracts. all of the craton and, in collaboration with decided to go out on his own as a consulting As many of us in the Rockies know, Bob Krumbein and Dapples, gave birth to the geologist. As a consultant, he was instrumental was using sequence stratigraphic concepts sequence stratigraphy paradigm. My last in the discovery of the Arch Unit, which is long before the use of such terminology conversation with Larry was at the 1996 GSA now the north half of Patrick Draw oil field in became vogue. His geological papers have meeting in Denver, October, where we were Wyoming. The discovery was an outgrowth been diverse with topics ranging from modern engaged in an informal planning session for of detailed field work and stratigraphic coastal sedimentation, deltaic sedimentation, a 50th Anniversary Big Horn Basin Field intuition. The discovery established a new paleotectonics, petroleum systems, sequence Conference, July 1997. Larry was enthusiastic area of production and advanced the use of stratigraphy, sea-level change and professional about the meeting in Cody and hoped to stratigraphic principles as a predictive tool in ethics. attend, although he didn’t tell us of a terminal petroleum exploration. Figures from his 1960 AAPG Bulletin illness. This giant of stratigraphy died shortly With work experience and a dose of paper on Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy in after on November 2, 1996. exploration success under his belt, he joined the Rocky Mountains are still a standard We had one other item of unfinished the Department of Geology and Geological reference point for many researchers. In business. Previously, I sent Larry some Engineering at Colorado School of Mines

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS comments I had written about the important As a consultant, my work incorporated I owe a debt of gratitude to many people advances in geologic concepts from industry results of API Project 51 on modern shoreline who supported by career and gave me the research laboratories and operations, and sandstones of the Gulf of Mexico and utilized opportunity for professional development and their financial support to geology departments new concepts in recognizing Cretaceous service to geological societies and employers. in general, and stratigraphic programs in shoreline sandstones as reservoirs for My greatest appreciation is to Ruth, my particular. At the time, I was reminded of stratigraphic petroleum fields. This approach wife of 55 years, who was the silent second John Fuller’s classic paper on the “Industrial led to basin and facies analyses with emphasis worker—“they got two for the price of one”. Basis for Stratigraphy”. Larry agreed with my on traps, seals, and migration. Here are a few thoughts for the future comments and replied that a conference should Success in finding oil and gas fields, gathered during a long career: never stop be organized to elaborate and document this with reserved royalty interests, laid the dreaming and planning; never stop thinking under-appreciated part of our history, but this foundation for me to fulfill an ambition to and creating; never stop doing and expressing; never happened. teach, and I accepted an appointment to a and never stop being grateful to those who I have always had broad interests in position at the Colorado School of Mines paved the way. At every point in time, geology, but made early commitments to vacated by the retirement of J. Harlan Johnson mankind accepts as truth some dogma that is structural geology in a Masters thesis, under of calcareous algae fame. Mines proved wrong. The challenge for each new generation Don Blackstone, (for whom Sloss worked at to be a wonderful base for working with is to identify the incorrect dogma and make one time in Carter Oil Co.). In later work for outstanding students, for conducting both changes; the challenge for the older generation Union Oil Co., I handled a play in the thrust applied and basic research, for interaction with is to guide, encourage, but not to obstruct belt of northwestern Montana and Alberta. dedicated and talented colleagues, and for change. And finally, books are written by men Understanding stratigraphy became important making industrial and academic contacts for and women but they are sometimes wrong; in order to decipher structure, paleotectonics teaching and lecturing throughout the world. the field is always right if you can read it. Or, and unconformities, and I wanted to know The dedication at Mines to train students in as the philosopher Bertrand Russell wrote more about the subject. As a graduate student geology, geophysics and geochemistry to find “even when the experts all agree, they may be at Stanford, I was exposed to the details and and develop natural resources globally was mistaken”. tedious background of the dual classification an excellent fit for me. To demonstrate the of rocks as advanced by Schenck, Muller and application of new concepts in exploration Hedberg. After much invited and published and development, I originated continuing discussion, the lithostratigraphic and education courses for industry personnel. chronostratigraphic terms were formalized by stratigraphic code committees chaired by Hedberg. As an undergraduate at Stanford (BA’34), Larry found the historic views of the time-rock units rather boring but, when I attended Stanford 17 years later, I regarded the dual approach as exciting and innovative. I was easily converted to my career of unraveling the intricacies of sedimentary rocks, and to searching for cleverly hidden natural resources.

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS

STRUCTURAL The early l960s and 1970s were a concepts for the dynamics of large magnitude great time for our cooperation, and in my extensional faulting. GEOLOGY & opinion were some of the happiest and most Greg’s work of more than 40 years has TECTONICS productive times for both of us. Two papers had enormous global impact on structure and on the interpretation of the evolution of the tectonics from well-documented field studies DIVISION CAREER Cordilleran orogen in l972 and 1975, the paper to geodynamic analysis. It is only fitting that on the Garlock fault as an intracontinental he is the 2003 recipient of the SG&T Career CONTRIBUTION transform structure in l972, the comparison Contribution Award. AWARD of the Mesozoic Cordillera with the modern analog in the Andes in l976, and the Mesozoic Presented to Gregory A. Davis construction of the Cordilleran collage in Response by Gregory A. Davis 1978, where Greg put forth an interpretation of This award is a dream come unexpectedly doubling of the orogen by strike slip faulting true. I am extremely grateful to the Division, the NW Cascades and adjacent Canada, were to GSA, and to those who nominated me for published. Our work together continued making it happen. My review of the 15 Career for about ten years when he began his now awardees who have preceded me leaves me classic studies of extensional tectonism in the feeling appropriately humbled to be included southern Colorado River area. amongst them, and happily aware that one His first papers on the extensional system of them was my teacher —Ben Page at came out in l979. This work followed on the Stanford, another my grad office roommate heels of earlier work of Dick Armstrong, Ernie at Berkeley—Win Means, and still another, Anderson, and John Profit who had begun to my oldest friend and longest interacting recognize the presence of Cenozoic extension colleague—Clark Burchfiel. My need to on low-angle normal faults. The late 1970s respond to Clark’s overly kind citation has were a time of great debate about the existence prompted my analysis of how this honor may of low-angle normal faults and related core have came about. Hopefully, in part, because complex formation, but in my opinion, it of moderate intelligence and, in earlier years, Gregory A. Davis was the very careful mapping and attention University of Southern California strong legs. However, of no lesser importance to detail of Greg and his students working in in my being here today has been the influence the Colorado River terrain that documented of, and interactions with, others. My father, and clarified the existence, magnitude and Rodney Davis, a Portland fireman, started the importance of these structures in a series of process by encouraging in many ways a 10 Citation by B. Clark Burchfiel papers from l979 to the early l990s. His two year-old boy to develop his budding interests Greg and I first met as undergraduates papers with Gordon Lister on the nature of in geology-rich Oregon. I cherish those at Stanford where he graduated with a BSc detachment faults and core complex formation memories. Later came my association with in l956 and MSc in l957 then deserted the in l988 and l989 are classics that still are superb geologists, some of whom profoundly “Farm” to migrate across the bay to U. C. required reading. influenced my education, and others who Berkeley where he received his PhD in l961. In l987 Greg began work to document worked with me as research colleagues His early work followed from his dissertation large magnitude extensional tectonism in over the years. Ben Page, my undergrad studies in the Klamath Mountains on a China north of Beijing with his colleague structure professor, and Lionel Weiss, with detailed study of the Caribou Mountain pluton, Zheng Yadong. Subsequently Greg and his pioneering work in structural analysis at westward thrusting within the Klamaths, Yadong moved west into Inner Mongolia Berkeley and before, were the most influential and the metamorphic and granitic history of where published maps suggested important contributors to my education. Subsequently, the Klamaths. From this early work came Early Cretaceous extensional structures were much of my tectonics research has been co- several very important syntheses, perhaps present but unrecognized; now documented authored with stellar individuals who either the most important of which was the tectonic and shown to have developed within a few deserve a Career award in their own right— correlation of units between the Klamaths and million years of major crustal shortening. Jim Monger, Gordon Lister, and Darrel Cowan the Sierra Nevada in l969 which influenced all This work has fully opened the floodgates for lead that list—or, in the case of my citationist, our thinking about Paleozoic and Mesozoic widespread extensional tectonics in China, have already won it. accretion tectonics of the Cordilleran orogen. but the extent and relation of this extension Another factor contributing to my In the early 1960s Greg and I began work to plate boundaries has been very challenging presence here today is simply repeated good in the Cordilleran thrust belt along the east in explaining its tectonic origin. What makes luck! I had wanted to conduct Ph.D. research side of the orogen and began to think about this work so important is not just the major in northeastern Oregon, but was informed by how his work in the Klamaths related to the contribution to Chinese tectonics, but the fact a professor at another university that the area thrust belt in Nevada, Utah and California. that it is very difficult to explain the tectonic in question was his. I therefore turned to my From this joint effort came a synthesis paper setting of Early Cretaceous extension and second choice, the Klamath Mountains of with a troubled history, “The two sided nature core complex formation more than 1000 km northern California. It was pure serendipity! of the Cordilleran orogen and its tectonic removed from any major plate boundary. Doctoral and subsequent field studies there implications.” These studies break new ground and are led to my rediscovery (long after the forgotten producing results that are challenging all our

THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2003 MEDALS & AWARDS work of Oscar Hershey in ca. 1905) of major My recognition on a one-day fieldtrip Mesozoic west-directed thrust faulting. north of Beijing in 1985, of a Whipple-like In 1964, Clark and I began Mohave core complex underlying the Great Wall was Desert mapping in the east-directed foreland continuing good luck and led to research thrust belt and pondered over the divergent in China that continues to this day. Again, thrust geometry of the Cordilleran orogen. collaboration with others, among them We submitted a “two-sided orogen” paper in Peking University’s Zheng Yadong and Qian the mid-1960’s to Science, but it was twice Xianglin, and Arizona’s George Gehrels, rejected as unsubstantiated. Although later has provided new insights into the complex published in the obscure proceedings of the Mesozoic mountain systems of northern 1968 IGC meeting in Prague (ended abruptly China. My appointment, since 2000, as a by the Russian invasion), its core ideas led us Guest Professor at Beijing’s China University to AJS papers in 1972 and 1975 on possible of Geosciences is a most welcome one and plate origins of the US Cordillera. greatly aids this research. The Klamaths and their fault-bounded I must close this response with mention counterparts in the northern Sierra Nevada of the many students, some 45 or so, who also provided fodder for early tectonic trusted me to be their graduate adviser at USC. correlations between Canada and the US They sometimes found me over-demanding, within what we now call the accreted terranes. but, I hope, always fair to them and interested A 1978 gray literature paper co-authored with in their projects. They, too, have contributed Jim Monger and Clark on this Cordilleran in many different ways to who and where I am “collage” remains one of my favorites. this day, and I collectively thank them for that. It was more good fortune that I was It’s very clear that my appreciation for this introduced in 1975 to the Whipple Mountains award is owed to many. of southeastern California by a San Diego State master’s student, Ann Terry. Her discovery of enigmatic subhorizontal faulting in that range led to a decade-long USC field and petrologic effort there with my colleague Lawford Anderson, a dozen of our students and, later, Gordon Lister. In 1981, Brian Wernicke, a USC undergrad then at MIT, published in Nature a conceptual breakthrough on the nature of low-angle normal faults and the “metamorphic core complexes” of George Davis and Peter Coney that contained them. Our understanding of continental crustal extension would never again be viewed in conservative ways, and evolves still.

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