EMS 처리에 의한 좀비비추[Hosta Minor (Baker) Nakai]의 엽색 변이 품종 ‘황나래’ 육성
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Complete Chloroplast Genomes of All Six Hosta Species Occurring in Korea
Lee et al. BMC Genomics (2019) 20:833 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6215-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Complete chloroplast genomes of all six Hosta species occurring in Korea: molecular structures, comparative, and phylogenetic analyses Soo-Rang Lee1, Kyeonghee Kim2, Byoung-Yoon Lee2 and Chae Eun Lim2* Abstract Background: The genus Hosta is a group of economically appreciated perennial herbs consisting of approximately 25 species that is endemic to eastern Asia. Due to considerable morphological variability, the genus has been well recognized as a group with taxonomic problems. Chloroplast is a cytoplasmic organelle with its own genome, which is the most commonly used for phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses for land plants. To understand the genomic architecture of Hosta chloroplasts and examine the level of nucleotide and size variation, we newly sequenced four (H. clausa, H. jonesii, H. minor, and H. venusta) and analyzed six Hosta species (including the four, H. capitata and H. yingeri) distributed throughout South Korea. Results: The average size of complete chloroplast genomes for the Hosta taxa was 156,642 bp with a maximum size difference of ~ 300 bp. The overall gene content and organization across the six Hosta were nearly identical with a few exceptions. There was a single tRNA gene deletion in H. jonesii and four genes were pseudogenized in three taxa (H. capitata, H. minor, and H. jonesii). We did not find major structural variation, but there were a minor expansion and contractions in IR region for three species (H. capitata, H. minor, and H. venusta). Sequence variations were higher in non-coding regions than in coding regions. -
And Type the TITLE of YOUR WORK in All Caps
PHYLOGENOMIC PLACEMENT OF ANCIENT POLYPLOIDY EVENTS WITHIN THE POALES AND AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGALES) by MICHAEL RAMON MCKAIN (Under the Direction of James H. Leebens-Mack) ABSTRACT Polyploidy has been an important component to the evolution of angiosperms. Recent studies have shown that an ancient polyploid (paleopolyploid) event can be traced to the lineage leading to the diversification of all angiosperms, and it has long been known that recurring polyploid events can be found throughout the angiosperm tree of life. With the advent of high- throughput sequencing, the prominent place of paleopolyploid events in the evolutionary history of angiosperms has become increasingly clear. Polyploidy is thought to spur both diversification and trait innovation through the duplication and reworking of gene networks. Understanding the evolutionary impact of paleopolyploidy within the angiosperms requires knowing when these events occurred during angiosperm evolution. This study utilizes a high-throughput phylogenomic approach to identify the timing of paleopolyploid events by comparing the origin of paralogous genes within a gene family to a known species tree. Transcriptome data derived from taxa in lineages with previously little to no genomic data, were utilized to assess the timing of duplication events within hundreds of gene families. Previously described paleopolyploid events in the history of grasses, identified through analyses of syntenic blocks within Poaceae genomes, were placed on the Poales phylogeny and the implications of these events were considered. Additionally, a previously unverified paleopolyploidy event was found to have occurred in a common ancestor of all members of the Asparagales and commelinids (including Poales, Zingiberales, Commelinales, Arecales and Dasypogonales). The phylogeny of the Asparagaceae subfamily Agavoideae was resolved using whole chloroplast genomes, and two previously unknown paleopolyploid events were described within the context of that phylogeny. -
Cam) in the Agavoideae (Asparagaceae
EVOLUTIONARY PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF CRASSULACEAN ACID METABOLISM (CAM) IN THE AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGACEAE) by CAROLINE HEYDUK (Under the Direction of Jim Leebens-Mack) ABSTRACT Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a mode of photosynthesis found in ~6% of flowering plants and serves as an adaptation to water-limited habitats. CAM plants open their stomata for gas exchange at night, when transpiration rates are lower, and fix CO2 via an alternative pathway. Carbon is stored as organic acids during the night, then decarboxylated during the day behind closed stomata. CAM results in high levels of CO2 around RuBisCO, the primary carbon-fixing enzyme in all green plants, with minimal water loss. Although CAM occurs in at least 35 separate lineages, its evolutionary trajectory from C3 is unknown. Here we explore the evolutionary patterns of CAM across the Agavoideae, a subfamily of species that includes Agave and Yucca. Anatomical observations paired with character evolution show that species of the Agavoideae may have been preadapted to the CAM syndrome, with many C3 species showing CAM-like morphology. Comparative physiology was explored in more detail in a Yucca hybrid system, where a CAM and C3 species hybridized to form a C3-CAM intermediate. The parents and hybrid offspring were characterized for anatomical and physiological traits and show the hybrid is able to convert from C3 carbon fixation to 100% CAM uptake under periods of drought stress. Finally, the hybrid system in Yucca was used to understand the transcriptional regulation of the CAM pathway; despite lacking any CAM anatomy or physiology, the C3 parental species shows similar gene expression patterns as the CAM species, indicating perhaps an ancestral gene expression pattern that enabled the evolution of CAM in a subset of Yucca species. -
An Updated Checklist of the Vascular Flora Alien to Italy
Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana ISSN: 1126-3504 (Print) 1724-5575 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tplb20 An updated checklist of the vascular flora alien to Italy G. Galasso, F. Conti, L. Peruzzi, N. M. G. Ardenghi, E. Banfi, L. Celesti-Grapow, A. Albano, A. Alessandrini, G. Bacchetta, S. Ballelli, M. Bandini Mazzanti, G. Barberis, L. Bernardo, C. Blasi, D. Bouvet, M. Bovio, L. Cecchi, E. Del Guacchio, G. Domina, S. Fascetti, L. Gallo, L. Gubellini, A. Guiggi, D. Iamonico, M. Iberite, P. Jiménez-Mejías, E. Lattanzi, D. Marchetti, E. Martinetto, R. R. Masin, P. Medagli, N. G. Passalacqua, S. Peccenini, R. Pennesi, B. Pierini, L. Podda, L. Poldini, F. Prosser, F. M. Raimondo, F. Roma-Marzio, L. Rosati, A. Santangelo, A. Scoppola, S. Scortegagna, A. Selvaggi, F. Selvi, A. Soldano, A. Stinca, R. P. Wagensommer, T. Wilhalm & F. Bartolucci To cite this article: G. Galasso, F. Conti, L. Peruzzi, N. M. G. Ardenghi, E. Banfi, L. Celesti- Grapow, A. Albano, A. Alessandrini, G. Bacchetta, S. Ballelli, M. Bandini Mazzanti, G. Barberis, L. Bernardo, C. Blasi, D. Bouvet, M. Bovio, L. Cecchi, E. Del Guacchio, G. Domina, S. Fascetti, L. Gallo, L. Gubellini, A. Guiggi, D. Iamonico, M. Iberite, P. Jiménez-Mejías, E. Lattanzi, D. Marchetti, E. Martinetto, R. R. Masin, P. Medagli, N. G. Passalacqua, S. Peccenini, R. Pennesi, B. Pierini, L. Podda, L. Poldini, F. Prosser, F. M. Raimondo, F. Roma-Marzio, L. Rosati, A. Santangelo, A. Scoppola, S. Scortegagna, A.