by Australia Po*t Publication No NBP 1482 JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1991 f / \ i
The magazine of
THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA iSO
VIEWPOINT RNZN FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN NAVAL NEWS UPDATE DEFENCE REVIEW LCHs GET TOGETHER PARRAMATTA GUN ON SHOW BOOK REVIEWS ROLLOVER OPPORTUNITIES Raofcrarad b, AutfraMa Pott PuMtoMWH No HUP 14*2 Reproduction m part or whole is forbidden GUARANTEED SECURITY, EXCELLENT RETURNS THE NAVY without the permission ot the Editor in writing AND SIGNIFICANT TAX ADVANTAGES The magazine of THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA Equity Life is a leader in the provision of secure, tax efficient rollover plans. For those receiving an Eligible Termination Payment (typically from your superannuation fund or employer) and Vol 53 JULY — SEPTEMBER, 1991 No. 3 plan to continue in the workforce, then Equity Life's Capital Guaranteed Rollover Deferred Annuity is for you. Not only is your initial capital guaranteed, so too is the weekly increases in the value of your investment THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA guaranteed. When you invest in this fund, you purchase units which reflect the value of your investment. The value FEDERAL COUNCIL of these units are guaranteed never to fall. There are no entry or exit fees, and the fund has provided investors with Patron In CHaf: H.* Eicaatncy. Th* Govamor Ganartl CONTENTS Praaklant: F Goorrray Evant. OBE. VRO consistent, above average returns since inception. Vloa-Praotmnti: Rw Admiral A J Robartton. AO. DSC RAN (Rtd). John B.-a. For those who receive an Eligible Termination Payment and plan to retire from the workforce, then an Equity Life L F W. Vckrtdot. OBE. VRO. Hon Sacratary: John Wilun*. PO Bo. 269. Burwood. V.e 3I2S *f immediate annuity could be for you. Phono 6052559
rotrii ig has the points you E3 FORCE STRUCTURE REVIEW need — whatever your INGERSOLL-RAND - EMPHASIS ON MARITIME NEEDS applk ation! Engineered Equipment Sector The recently completed Australian Defence Force Structure Review (FSR) confirms that Leading Australian Manufacturer and Australia's maritime defence capabilities rank high in the objectives of those responsible for the -** ^flL Disposable system Supplier of nation's security. The FSR is not a strategy review and the policies outlined in the 1987 Defence <4^P MPP Plot Points Shipboard Pumps, High Pressure and Low White Paper are unchanged. Pressure Air Compressors and Complete iven that funds available for defence arc likely to be limited economic and political climate, which seems unlikely to change in -y * India-ink permanence for some years lo come (unless of course a presently the short or medium term, the responsibility of the Navy League and ^V" - through life support * , * No maintenance headaches Gunforeseen emergency arises) the structure review ordered by other like-minded organisations and people to ensure that Head Office: the government twelve months ago was necessary and appears to governments honour (heir promises to provide the nation with an have been carried out with a high degree of co-operation between the effective defence force, is considerable. When one adds "no threat" W/y > BefifaWe system - FRANKSTON ROAD, OANDENONG Services and between the uniformed and civilian members of the scenarios and changing social values, the task of promoting national J BC, BT, BTS Plot Points defence hierarchy. security in peacetime will be even more difficult than it has been in The purpose of the review was to maintain as far as possible the the pasi. ^ * Ultimate precision Phone: (03) 794 1611 proportion of funds available for capital equipment and works, funds * Speciol opplica'ion flexibility thai in percentage terms languished in the 'teens throughout the m£i ninctccn-scvcnlics and early 'eighties before rising to the vicinity of Fax: (03) 794 9659 30%: Inevitably other major expenditure categories, notably personnel (uniformed and civilian) and day-to-day running expenses, had to be pruned. Jtf• L FIBRE-IP Plot Points The changes arc planned to lake place over a period of ten years NOTE A report by A.W. Grazebrook on naval equipment ^^^^g * Economy and will certainly not happen overnight. Indeed, in some respects it mentioned in the FSR appears on page 6. ^^^P| • Vivid colour SEE US FOR TOMORROW'S seems a rather long period as it will be many years before some m BK! * Superb fiW-ms ^^^ urgently needed items, such as airborne early warning and control TECHNOLOGY aircraft and a training/helicopter support ship, can be brought into service. 1 NEWSPAGER Changes in the structure of the Army will undoubtedly cause anguish in many quarters, in particular the decision to shed over 5000 regular personnel and introduce a "ready reserve" of 3200. It has CORPORATE been calculated that the cost of ready reservists will be less than half £ went about preparing for war. Like the United States, Britain has a that I seek your advice. great sense of patriotism. The Japanese surrendered at Rabaul in September 1945 where Perhaps the most important lesson for the liberation of Kuwait, is upon that base was occupied by Australian forces Immediately that we still have a paramount priority to remain very close to our salvage operations commenced in the harbour. Involved in this From our a^a^a^a^a^M»^»^^»^»^™ | Readers real allies, the UK and USA. salvage was HMAS RESERVE along with vessels of the I believe our Defence planners appreciate this fact. There is COMMONWEALTH MARINE SALVAGE BOARD who's vessels Dear Sir. would have gone down in history as the Armidalc class. At the very concern that some of the Australian Labor Party's left faction and included: CALEDONIAN SALVOR. CAMBRIAN SALVOR. I read with mlcrcsi a Icncr by Lcs Penning in "The Navy" April. least, it could ha .e named the second one Armidale to ensure that the their ilk have very different views. It is also considered that the TANCRED and ST GILES of which CAMBRIAN SALVOR was 1991. in which he mentions HMAS "NAMBUCCA". ex TSS name was perpetuated. I said in my book that nowhere in today's majority of the Australian people realise that we must rely on our old actively involved in salvage in Rabaul Harbour in late 1945. I am all NAMBUCCA of the North Coast SN Co. Ltd Navy is there a HMAS Armidalc - and this, like the cover-up, is a friends. but totally ignorant as to the activities of HMAS RESERVE or any She «as built by Ernest Wnghi at Tuncurry, NSW in 1936 for fact, not a theory. It is hoped that we will always enhance this vital relationship other RAN vessel involved in salvage in Rabaul at that time. The service on the NSW North Coast, and requisitioned by the RAN on 7 Mr Jones asks why 1 did not compare Ordinary Seaman Shcean's between the very professional Royal Australian Navy and their same is true for the CMSB vessels and their activities. Could yout November I93y commissioning on lOJanuar) il»4() situation with that of Lieutenant Commander Rankin, who was not equally professional counterparts in the Royal and United States league some how enlighten me or refer me to some one who could. In April 1943 she transferred to the US Small Ships Organisation awarded the Victoria Cross despite repeating in HMAS Yarra the very Navies. This clearly also applies to Australia's other armed services. What I want to know is: as YGDS and was •"written off on 30 December 1945. She had same act of heroism for which Captain Fegan, of HMS Jervis Bay. Yours sincerely. - What Japanese vessels were identified at Rabuat at wars end. caught fire and burned to the walcrlinc up in the Islands but the yanks was awarded the VC. G. HALLEY, - Which vessels were did not notify us until the dale given above 1 have been unable to Perhaps I should have. 1 would then have put this question: Why Commander RAN (Rtd) salvaged, refloated, cut up find out any more about her did the Naval Board, after finding that its failure to recommend any Woollahra 2025 I etc. Your letter is the first information 1 have seen on where she specific award for Rankin had resulted in him not getting the VC he •il - Who did the salvage operated (Sydney - Wollongong - Jems Bay) and I would be grateful deserved, then follow precisely the same futile procedure nine •ir to A work if you could let me know any more of these operations. The two tugs months later for Shcean? Surely, after that experience, if the Naval Dear Sir. - The vessels, the men. "St Giles" and "Hcros" were large tugs and both also worked in Board had wanted Shcean to get the VC, it would have recommended I write as an ex member f the equipment used Sydney as well as Newcastle. I sailed once on the Hcros (as a him for the VC, but it did not. Why? of the HMAS Goulburn - Human interest passenger) because 1 asked Fcnwick's if 1 could and they agreed. I find it impertinent and offensive for Mr Jones to impugn my the subject of a most aspects: accidents, The requisitioned auxiliary minesweepers should not be forgotten professional integrity by accusing me of neglecting this aspect, interesting article in yout discoveries etc. - they did very useful work before we had enough proper naval because, in his words, "it would have weakened his case for a cover- issue Jan-Mar 199I pp 23- I would very much like sweepers, and their story should not be forgotten, even the boring up". The cover-up is revealed in the official documents as well as in 25. lo make personal contact routine bits! the text, and did not need any argument or comparison to establish its My brother Douglas, with any veterans who The best i'f link to you existence. currently in the USA, scnl participated in these events Yours Ave Yours faithfully me a copy of the article. At I have read photo-graphic MIKE RICHARDS FRANK B. WALKER the same time unbeknown to evidence of these events him I had undertaken to try Via Lawrence 2460 Budgewoi 2262 from the Australian War and find some good a -Cr Navy strengthened under Force by Ross Gdleti structure review The first class torpedo boat Countess of Hopetoun was the last vessel to be ordered for the Victorian naval Navy will be strengthened under the Force Structure Review The auxiliary minesweeper (craft of opportunity) programme will be force. The 75 ton boat was built by Yarrow & Co., at Poplar in London. She was laid down in 1890 launched announced by the Minister for Defence. Senator Robert Ray. continued to complete the "proof of concept" ie lo prove that the concept and completed in 1891. Countess of Hopetoun was named after the wife of the Governor of Victoria and at the end of June. can work in practice but the planned acquisition of a core force of sailed to Australia via the Cape of Good Hope in 154 days. She was crewed by 19 officers and men, The strengthening will affect most arms of the service: auxiliary mincswepers will now not take place. accommodation being provided on board. Her hull was constructed of galvanised mild steel, divided into Instead, four coastal minehuntcrs of a proven design will be acquired • Major surface combatants - destroyers and frigates compartments by nine watertight bulkheads. • Patrol forces as a matter of priority. It is not clear how Navy will Till its clearly established need for minesweepers as well as minehunters. • Mine counter measures mess" then referred to as No. 905 by her builders 160 to 170 lbs psi and 37: to S inches WG. The minewarfarc systems centre will be constructed at HMAS Before sailing to Australia (he "Cou • Support for the Army 25th August, I891. Trials were also undertaken with turning WATERHEN in Sydney, where all mine warfare craft will be based. No undertook trials o Onth s day her primary particulars were as follows: Oi lite other hand, there ore disappointments in some areas. Engines: circles to port and starboard in 70 and 85 MCM vessels will be based on the west coast. Machinery: Cylinders — 14W 21" and 32" MAJOR SURFACE COMBATANTS Stroke— 16" seconds respectively, the diameter being The required major surface combatant strength is sixteen frigates and SUPPORT FOR THE ARMY Boilers: 1 Locomotive about twice the length of No. 90S. Steering destroyers. A helicopter support ship will be converted from a merchant ship, or Propellers: Number: 1 was then tested by both hand and steam from The ihrcc Charles F. Adams class DDGs (HOBART. PERTH and a new ship will be built The ship will be manned by Navy. Her primary Number of Blades 3 both wheels followed by stopping, starting BRISBANE), (he last of which is now completing a major role will be to support Army in its operations in the defence of Australia Diameter: _V57< and reversing of the engines. All tests were modernisation, will undergo life extension programmes to extend their and in activities in cooperation with regional powers. Pilch: 7' satisfactory. availability for front line service until 2005 et scq, when they will be The ship will also replace the training ship HMAS JERVIS BAY, Area: 1,172 square inches Water was also run into the storcholds to replaced by a derivative of the Anzac class. which is due to retire in 1997/Wi. Trial: Where Run: Lower Hope. River Thames test the watertight arrangements. Indication The key requirement is an area defence AAW system, which could be Although the ship will be capable of operating helicopters these will Duration: 3 hours diagrams were finally taken by two officials fitted in the Anzac class' Mark 41 vertical missile launching system. The be troop lift helicopters. Draft Mean: 37'/:" from Chatham. The highest speed attained An/acs themselves will have an eight cell unit, but space and weight has There is no way in which the ship will be a replacement for HMAS Forward: yS'h" during the trial occurred at 1349 when 24489 been provided for a second unit of eight. The Mark 41 can be configured MELBOURNE'S ASW helicopters, let alone her fixed wing aircraft. Aft: yvp" knots was achieved. to handle Standard missiles up to the most modem SM2 missile. SUBMARINES Displacement: 81.5 tons From Engineering 20 January 1893 Three key Anzac frigate decisions have been vindicated by the need All six Collins class submarines will be based on the west coast. The Speed: 22566 knots THE STRENGTH OF to extend the design to build DDG replacements.Thes e three decisions seventh and eight units will not be built. There is no intention of I.H.P.: 1,186 TORPEDO BOATS were the fittingo f the Mark 41 vertical missile launching system, the installing air independent propulsion in any of the submarines, in part at Revolutions: 403.528 per minute incorporation of an hangar large enough tor Scahawk size helicopters, On the present page we give an least because none of the various systems are yet proven. Miles: Number: 6 illustration, prepared from a photograph, of and the installation of the Mark 45 127mm gun. 22.736 It U probable that the Sydney submarine base HMAS PLATYPUS Speed: the bow of a tirst-class torpedo boat which In their micnm, provision will be made for fitting the DDGs (and will be closed when the last of the Oberon class submarines pays off. I.H.P.: 1,190 had been in collision with a sailing barge. The support ships such as SUCCESS, WESTRAUA and TOBRUK) for the Collins class boats deployed to the east will probably be accommodated Revolutions: 406.3 matter is interesting as affording a record of Phalanx close in weapons system. Additional systems will be bought and in the fleet base in Sydney. 24c wt of water, two air compressors, a galley, the amount of rough usage these lightly-built kept in store until operational requirements dictate their installation the he torpedo boat left the builder's yard TWO OCEAN NAVY TO CONTINUE? dynamo and evaporator. craft will stand without absolute destruction. DDGs and support ships. at 1048 on 25 August into very rough The Government has reaffirmed its two ocean basing policy. conditions and the wind against the The vessel in question was built by Messrs The obsolete Seacat point defence missile systems will be removed T A start was made at 1233 for the three However, the ultimate mix of units between the two oceans will be tide. Twenty-seven men were embarked to Yarrow and Co. for the Government of from the three remaining River class destroyer escorts and the Ikara hour trial. During this period No. 905 made reviewed. judge No. 905 s effectiveness, as well as 72,635 revolutions with a boiler pressure of Victoria, and at the time of the accident was ASW system, of limited use without the Seaking helicopters, will be Already we know that all six submarines will be based on the west removed form the DDGs and the River class. coast primarily for economic reasons. On the other hand the west coast In the longer term, a further Anzac derivative is a possible will be without mine counter measures forces. replacement for the FFG7s. the firsto f which, HMAS ADELAIDE, is In the next few years, two FFG7 class ships will be based on the west now over ten years old. coast In due course, they will be joined by Anzac class frigates. There is no mention of half life modernisations for the FPG7s - a However, the present situation - we have only three partially regrettable omission, to say "he least disarmed elderly River class ships and a maximum of two submarines PATROL FORCES based on the west coast - will continue for some time. The Fumantlc class patrol boats will be given major refits to extend OTHER FACTORS their lives until they can be replaced by twelve ocean patrol vessels. The Marine Science Force units FLINDERS, MORESBY and Although they have given excellent service, practical experience has COOK (already paid off) will be replaced by a new class of medium shown that they need better scakeeping qualities and greater endurance, oceanographic and hydrographic ships if necessary at the expense of a lower top speed. They may be equipped The Seaking helicopters will be retained in service until 1995, when for helicopter operations or with a remotely piloted vehicle for they will be replaced by a new type of utility helicopter reconnaissance. Later in the decade, ten helicopters will be ordered for the Anzac A number of proven overseas designs are available to meet the need class frigates. This means the earlier Anzacs will go to sea without for an ocean patrol vessel. There is no doubt that the vessels themselves helicopters. All sixteen S70B2 Seahawks are required for the six FFG7 will be built in Australia. class frigates, each of which can operate two Seahawks on full MINE COUNTER MEASURES operational service. No further inshore minehunters (the Bay class) will be built However, Research on strategic towed array systems (Project ASSTASS) will the competitive testing of minehunting sonars will continue to enable the he redirected towards the production of a passive sui-veillance towed two prototype MHIs to be brought up to full operational standards. array for the FFGs and Anzac class frigates. HMVS COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN, as butt. 6 The Navy July-September, 1091 The- Navy. July-Saptambar, 19W 7 TORPEDO BOAT FOR VICTORIA COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN On the present page we give a general view of a first-class torpedo boat built by Messrs. Yarrow and Co., of Poplar, to the order of the Victorian Government. This on her trial trip. She is 130 ft lone by 13ft 6 in vessel may be described as a good exponent wide, and had a displacement, ai the time or of the latest practice, and in its design the the trial of about 80 torn. The hull is divided results of practical experience gained by the into len water-tight compartments. Ihc use of such craft in commission in the British bulkheads forming the divisions being of Navy, has been embodied. The design is very steel and carefully fitted; and as. in addition, similar to that from which six vessels were they arc pierced by neither doorways nor built by the same firm for the Admiralty three sluices, the compartments arc in truth water years ago. and a number of other boats have tight. It was this fact, coupled with the since been constructed on similar lines. The excellent workmanship of the structure, six boats in question have been in which doubtless saved the bwai from sinking commission from the lime they were taken when the accident occurred. The machinery over, and wc hear they have given great Of the boat consisted of three-stage compound satisfaction to our naval authorities, a fact engines capable of giving out about 1100 which no doubt led to the placing of the indicated horse-power. There was one large Victorian order with the same firm. locomotive boiler producing steam at about 170 lb pressure. The material of which the The vessel under consideration is 130 ft long by 13 ft 6 in. beam, dimensions which hull is constructed is mild steel. It has a \ng the torpedoes. 1906 tensile strength of about 27 tons, combined arc now considered as the standard size for with great ductility. The latter is a point to stress of a voyage to Australia, the vessel in guns, only the single bow and twin revolving first-class boats in the Royal Navy. She is Damage to the bow after colliding with a sailing barge during trials. which Messrs. Yarrow have always paid great question arriving there some months ago deck torpedo tubes. built of galvanised Siemens steel, and is divided into a number of water-tight attention: that it was so in the case of the boat balancing the reciprocating parts of the skimming the water, and wc were helplessly without a single rivet leaking. After her arrival in Melbourne on 22nd compartments, any two of which may be in question a glance at the engraving will engines introduced by this firm. Wc had been gripped by the nose like a bull by a bulldog. Details of The May, 1891, Countess of Hopetoun was open to the sea without the vessel losing all amply prove. at full speed for about two and a half hours, To make matters worse, the strong ebb tide "COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN" officially christened in the Alfred Graving reserve of buoyancy. The bulkheads arc We have been furnished with a description and had been to the Norse and back again to acting on our side, twisted our stem Crew — Dock. Williamstown. on 25lh July. 1891. without opening, so that water-tight doors arc of the accident by one who was on board at the Mucking Lighthouse, when turning round completely round to port, at right angles, Lieutenants or sub-lieutenants, 2; warrant APPEARANCE not fitted. The crew and galley compartments the time, and we cannot do better than give to go down Sea Reach something went wrong tearing our plates open as far as the second officer, I; cngincroom artificers, 2; leading A very sleek craft. Countess of Hopetoun arc forward, and the officers have their the facts in the writer's own words. with the steering gear. A clutch had worked bulkhead. For a short time it seemed as if stoker and stokers. 6; pcily officers. 3; AB's was originally fitted with three masts. quarters aft. a pantry and lavatory being "We left the builders' yard at I lam. and back without its being noticed, and the nothing could save us, when the barge heeled and signalman. 7. - Total 21. Immediately abaft the foremast was located a provided for their use. Steam is supplied by a ran down to Gravcscnd at quite an easy speed consequence was the steersman lost all suddenly right over to port, tore herself clear Length, 135 feet. Draught aft. including small conning tower. The funnel was then boiler of the locomotive type, Messrs. Yarrow for a torpedo boat, viz. about 17 knots. At full control, and. before the engines could be got of the wreckage of our bows, and sunk in propeller. 6ft. 2in. positioned between the fore and main masts, and Co. apparently continuing to prefer that speed the swell made by torpedo boats is so to go fairly astern, wc ran, stem on, at about some 20ft of water, still held by her anchor. Beam, 13ft. 6in. Draught aft, exclusive of with a ships boat further aft. At the stern a type of boiler. As our readers arc aware, this great that the high-speed trials arc not 18-knot speed, into a large wooden sailing As soon as wc were released from the weight propeller. 3ft. 8in. small wheel was used to control the torpedo firm has introduced a water-lube boiler, permitted to be made above Gravcscnd. and it barge, loaded with over 100 tons of wheat, .n of the barge our bows came up, and our Tonnage, 80 tons. Draught forward, 3ft. boat. As modified in Victoria. Countess of several of which have been made, and one wc was only after wc had passed that place that anchor just above the Lower Hope Point propeller gripped the water. Wc then steamed 4in. Hopetoun's funnel was raised and the two saw some lime ago working in a second-class we proceeded to raise steam to full speed. By beacon. Our stem cut deep into the fore-part ahead to clear some vessels at anchor below Coal in bunkers, 14 tons. Distance at full masts removed. torpedo boat. It is significant fact that this firm 12.30 wc were at full speed, and went up and of the barge, just forward of the mast. The us. Wc now found that the third bulkhead speed. 218 knots. Full speed, 20 knots per During the 1890s, Countess of Hopetoun continues to use the locomotive boiler, and no down the measured sea-mile in the Lower bargees got into their boat, and our engines from forward was quite water-tight, and by hour. Coal per hour. 30 cwi. Revolutions, 413 was dazzle painted. doubt their nasi success fully warrants them in Hope in fine style, the mean of about 12 runs were put full speed astern to disengage us, for trimming all our ballast right aft we got the per minute. CONTEMPORARY this preference. giving us a speed through the water of rather ihc anchor of the barge held her so firmly that wreckage of our stem sufficiently out of the Economical speed, 10 knots. Distance at above 23 knots, with between 160 lb and we could not push her on the shore, although water to enable us to secure it by means of 10 knots. 1,200 knots. Coal per hour, 27* cwt. DESCRIPTION In the vessel now under notice the working 1701b steam, and rather over 400 revolutions. this was only 80 yards distant. The sinking chains, &c; for until wc had done this, it Revolutions, 240 at 12 knots. - From Engineering 22 January, pressure is 1701b per square inch. The boiler is The vibration, cv^n right aft. was nothing barge was so firmly fixed to our stem that she would not have been safe to steam ahead; Displacement ranges from 70 to 95 tons. 1892 fitted wiih the builder's water-tight ashpan. more than often experienced in passenger was pulling our bow into the water and lifting indeed, our cutwater, being all twisted over to according to the load, and the draught from 3 steamers, a fact due to the system of our stern so much that our propeller was only port acted like a bow rudder, and prevented inches less to 5 inches greater than the above. us steering properly. An hour's work in The boat is divided into nine hauling up the torn plates of our bow enabled compartments by eight whole bulkheads, and, us once more to obtain steering control. in addition, has two half bulkheads. Engines, boilers and steam pipes were not at Her armament consists of- all injured, and wc steamed home without aid 1 fixed stem tube and 2 revolving tubes, at the rate of quite 10 or 12 knots per hour, mounted as a pair, for discharging 14-in. arriving late, but all safe, at the works at torpedoes. Poplar." 2 two-barrelled Nordcnfcit guns, with 96 It might have been expected that such a rounds per gun. collision would have shifted the machinery 10 rifles, with 70 rounds per rifle. and broken some of the steam joints, but 5 pistols, with 50 rounds per pistol. such, it will be seen, was not the case. On 10 cutlasses. account of the lightness of the scantling of the Air pumps - 2 Brotherhoods. 10 cubic bow, no solid resistance was presented to feet. 60 minutes. 1.500 lbs. cause the stoppage of the boat, the Compound dynamos, 8,000 c.p. projected, momentum being gradually taken up, as it fitted with divergent lens. were, by a buffer. The scantlin,, of the hull For her voyage to Melbourne, the was of the strength customary in Messrs. "Countess" carried 1.800 square feet of sail Yarrow's boats, and although this may appear with a maximum displacement of 111 tons. exceedingly light, it has been found, in this Her departure draft was 3'11" forward and case, of sufficient strength to withstand the Christening ceremony, WilHamstown, 25 July. 1891 4'H'/:" aft. For the delivery she carried no Securing a torpedo after firing practice. 8 The Navy. July-September, 1991 The Navy, July-September, 1991 9 tjxJSo&Tff F»M »nm^tt) BOOi 96-5*A^UOI«T>) COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN continued SS5 ***** rWu CUT OtAJ *y S»cue<«3 enow UJp-rw*. »UPTWS: prr ecu* »SM COUNT*** of HopKTbiuvJ trr s-mrwJ Z' 5M PMT-T*S«. 10 •»£**« i-fTE Starboard elevation ot the COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN meek site oft Swan Island, Port Phillip. participated in exercises at Swan Island for a Western Port on 11th February. 1913. Two Childers. she left for the open sea. The Heads period of three weeks. The annual Easter days later Childers grounded on a bank. were cleared and the boats steamed at 10 knots. cruise was held from 3rd to 6lh April. 1896. Countess of Hopetoun attempting to pull her At 1230 Countess of Hopetoun's boiler tube During 1897 she exercised with the monitor clear. Inroughoul February and March botli burst. Childers was ordered to QucenscliiT for Cerberus on one of the rare occasions the old vessels sailed from Williamstown almost a- ,istance, leaving the vessel alone on the high vessel put to sea. daily, to investigate an unnamed wreck along seas. Lookouts were set and distress signals On Nth April. 1898. she carried out target the southern Victorian coast. fired. On 15lh December Nyora arrived on the practice with Childers and in February 1905 On 7th January. 1914, her 3 pounder gOB scene and took the crippled torpedo boat in steamed to Launccston with Childers. Again was removed and the boat pained. She low. By 1055 she was moored alongside at the .n company with Childers she steamed from teamed up with the ex-Queensland gunboat depot. A court of enquiry was convened to HMAS COUNTESS OF HOPETOUN, 1920. painted white for the visit of the Prince of Wales. Williamstown for Tasmania at 0900 on 30th Paluma on 9th January for exercises at Swan investigate the matter. December. 1907. The pair reached Dcvonport Island. Tria's were held on 15th May, the The years 1916 and 1917 were spent in which proems the lire being extinguished by •«• :\\ be more extended. Provision is also made which is the protection of the man operating the following day and arrived in Hobart on speed achieved being 14 knots. Up to August, Port Phillip with regular training cruises and a sudden inrush ol water, owing to the skin til for three quick-firing guns, which are to be the gear. Further aft is the entrance to the 4th January. 1908. After four days in port the Countess of Hopetoun saw no service. She target practice. During 1918 she operated ilk.- \cs_\cl Ivinj: pierced placed en vthelon and mounted on naval officers' cabin, and nearer the stern is a Victorian torpedo boats left for their was slipped on 10th of the month to with Protector, wing targets, patrolling the The main engines are oi the three-stage carriages. Our engraving is from a photograph screen behind which is (he after, or deck homenort. Enroutc rough weather plagued the determine her suitability for service, troop transports and visiting the quarantine compound l>pc. and develop MM' indicated taken while the boat was in the Thames, and steering wheel. This screen is made of brass journey, both vessels shipping large quantities regarding age, etc. While proceeding through station at Portsea. Countess of Hopetoun hone powci when running in lull gear. In die the quick-firing guns do not appear, as they in order to avoid the danger that might arise of water. Sailing via Dcvonport they arrived the channel at Swan Island on 5th November. operated over 18th and t9th November, 1920. engine-room there ire bciidei the main are not to be fitted until the boat arrive^ in through it affecting the compass. On the stand in Williamstown on 14th January. 1914. her propeller became snagged. She on target practice duties and subsequently engines, a ccnlnlugal pumping engine lor Australia. just forward of the signal mast the search Countess of Hopetoun joined Lonsdale. stopped to clear the problem but drifted paid off to reserve. circulating water, a Ian engine, steam steering ['he general arrangement ol the deck is light is placed. It is. however, capable of Nepean and Childers for the 1908 Easter ashore. engine, two air-comprcssmg engines for well shown in the engraving. Forward is the being moved, and arrangements arc made for instructional cruise during April. On 20th Exercises were held in January, 1915, DISPOSAL charging torpedoes, and a distilling apparatus long turtle-back, ending in a round conning fitting it on cither of the gun stands, or on the January. 1910. the "Countess" proceeded to with Childers towing Countess of Hopetoun Edw :. J Hill of 77 Chapman Street. North for the supply of fresh water to the boiler, as lower. The latter contains the forward top of the conning tower: leads being Sydney to be refitted with new water tube and vice versa. Protector arrived in Port Melbourne, purchased Countess of Hopetoun well as tor drinking purposes The bankers fleering wheel which is so arranged that the provided to conduct the current to whichever boilers at Cockatoo Island, arriving on 23rd. Phillip during March for exercises with the for £299 in April, 1924. She was scrapped the hold about 20 tons ol coal, which is vessel can he steered either by steam or hand. position may be considered desirable at the On 14th April she left for Melbourne having toipedo boats. Countess of Hopetoun carried following year, her engines subsequently in considered sufficient for a run of loOO knots 1 mmedlately aft of the conning tower will be time. The light is of 6000 candle-power. The trials on Sydney Harbour reaching 20/22 out minesweeping duties in August and use at the Gordon Institute of Technology in at a 10-knot speed. seen the davit for handling the torpedo and dynamo and its engine are placed in the galley knots on 13th April. torpedo practice in November. On 13th Geelong. Victoria. The hull of the torpedo compartment just abaft the forward conning The armament consists of a bow torpedo lifting it into the trough by which it is run With other units of (he Victorian navy. December her boiler was cleaned, mountings boat was beached ashore on Swan Island, tower lube, built into the stem, lor firing in a line through the conning tower and placed in the Countess of Hopetoun transferred to RAN overhauled and new slabs fitted where where it remains mostly covered by sand and with ihe keel. There arc a pair of torpedo guns bow tube. Between the funnel and the short control in 1911. With Childers she left for required. The next day. in company with in water from .5 to 2.5 metres deep. on a turntable aft. These guns are so arranged signal mast are the attachments for receiving THE CAREER OF COUNTESS that the torpedoes from both can be fired the stands for the quick-firing guns. Under OF HOPETOUN ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• simultaneously. They point at sightly the small boat on deck is the engine-room In August. 1892. Countess of Hopetoun • *lPSO * UNIMAC divergent angels from one another, so that the skylight, and immediately abaft of this are the was damaged while in the process of being courses of the two torpedoes would diverge two torpedo guns on their turntable. In the slipped. The next year she was overhauled • * AMERICAN * HUEBSCH somewhat, and the line covered by their Tire centre is a small but thick conning tower completely and from 15th January. 1895. • DRAWING OFFICE SUPPLIES AND SERVICE • Plain paper, plan print machines (as supplied to Sydney Naval Dept) Company Operated Installation/Service/Spare Parts 7 Days a Week The most comprehensive range of quality drawing office supplies in N 3 W • Established Since 1968 - Our Company is Built on Service Consistently reliable supply & delivery service—24hrs from order, on in-stock items. Industrial Washers and Dryers 5kg-70kg * including printed tracing sheets • ON-SITE LAUNDRIES PTY LTD 1 COMMERCIAL ^RAWING (^TATIONERS Cowper Street. Parramatta, N S w 36 76 MELBOURNE ST, RIVERINA, NSW, 2765. Ph: (02) 627 2166. Fax: (02) 627 4114 * 'ONSTANTLY •^EUVERING ^#ERVICE Ph: (02) 635 8977 Fa« (02) 689 ui i • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••It************ 10 The Navy, July-September, 1991 Tlw Navy, July-September, 1 Ml 11 Exercise 'Squadex' EXERCISE SQUADEX - LCHs Get Together by SBLT SALLY BICK, Brisbane Port Division Five amphibious ships came to Brisbane to undertake a major exercise in Moreton Bay during February, 1991. HMAM \Bl WiUDKR Priest). MMAS involved in landing equipment armoured Moreton Island and Bribie Island, clearing BETANO (LCDR R Morrison), HMAS personnel carriers and heavy trucks from the and searching them to ensure all was safe for BALIKPAPAN il.CDK H Russell). HMAS Army's 6th Brigade in conjunction with two the navigation and bcachings by the LCHs. BRUNEI (LEUT S McCAREYj. and mcdium-si/cd landing craft from the Army's They also set jackslays and buoys for the HMAS TARAKAN I LEUT C. 34th Water Transport Squadron at a number heavy landing craft to use for their landings. Mc MASTER), all heavy landing craft, had of locations on Moreton Island and Brihic Only face masks, snorkels and fins could been based al HMAS MORETON from Island." he said. be used by the divers to clear the beach at 1471 lo 1485 as pari or ihc former Each location was different in regard to Bnbie Island because of the heavy surf. Amphibious Squadron the geographic features which needed to be HMAS BRUNEI won the proficiency The vessels reunited in Ctrl) 1441 to taken into consideration in order to execute shield for Squadcx adding to her reputation exercise in Ihe Moreton Ba> area as part of a successful landing The most challenging gained during the time of the Amphibious Exercise Squadcx. the first major landings were the surf bcachlanding on Squadron when she was awarded the LCH amphibious exercise lor MK years. PNK and Bribie Island and a successful night proficiency award the most times. Reserve personnel practised amphibious beaching on Morelon Island. FirM Aid and During the exercise, the ships warfare techniques and procedures in a search and rescue activities also formed a participated in an impressive Amphibious muln-ship situation, according lo the integral par! of the exercise Review on the Brisbane River as part of Commander ol the Task Ciuup. Commander A combined diving team, involving RAN Veterans Corvettes Association Alan Regan Diving Team K {Brisbane Port Division). memorial service at the Dockside Centre. "The exercise was held in two phases, Diving Team 4 (Adelaide Port Division) and Brisbane Port Division's band provided the first involving lectures. NBCD exercises. Diving Team 10 (Hobarl Division), MM up entertainment lo a large crowd during VERTREPs. gunner) practice, a shakedown beaches and undertook a deep dive during proceedings. exercise involving beach landings and Squadcx. The beach learn was under the Despite the fact that four of the ships arc amphibious manoeuvring procedures in command ot LEUT Neil Whitehead, officcr- no longer homeportcd in Brisbane Landing equipment on Bribie Island company,*' CMDK Kce.in ^aid in-charge of Diving Team 8. LABUAN is based at HMAS MORETON "During ihe second phase, the ships were The learn prepared the beaches on and is operated by the Brisbane Port Division of the Royal Australian Naval Naval staff from HMAS CAIRNS and BALIKPAPAN is based at Darwin and is Reserve while TARAKAN is based at Reserve personnel from Cairns Port operated by the local Port Division with HMAS CAIRNS, operated by permanent Division. BETANO and BRUNEI operating from Sydney. PLOTTING SUPPLIES J.A.GRAPHICS specialises in Plotting Consumables for all brands and types of Plotters. Whether you have a Pen Plotter or Electrostatic Plotter we can assist you with supplies to ensure that you obtain the best results from your plotter. CALL US FOR ALL YOUR PLOTTING SUPPLIES M£1 GRAPHICS - PO BOX 41 EASTWOOD, NSW, 2122 • Telephone: (02) 804 7241 - Facsimile: (02) 858 2151 • -<.: Heading across Moreton Bay Five RAWRANR LCHs in a line abreast formation 12 The Navy, July-September. 1991 The Nevy. July-September, 1991 13 The Capture of MV KRAIT CAPTURE OF MV KRAIT with an ex-Maryborough crewmembcr. Mr Jack Sweeney, who gave me the name of someone he believed could be of assistance. Mr Brian (Barney) Ogle. By the greatest good fortune Barney Ogle, an ex-mariner and academic who is by LYNETTE RAMSAY SILVER intensively researching Maryborough's history, was on board Maryborough. L standing on the starboard wing of the bridge MV Knitlt a fascinating little ship there was the remaining deep-seated claim as Fukuyu Maru. An intensive search of all when Maryborough apprehended the Considering hor size and her rather which, despite concentrated effort, could not archives in the United Kingdom and Japanese vessel on December 8 1941. From unremarkable appearance. This WWII be confirmed by documented evidence, nor Australia by Major Hall revealcl no other his position behind the Vickcrs machine vessel evokes more than her fair share of could it be discounted. In publications far documentation, apart from summaries which gun. which was covering the enemy ship, he interest - and with good reason. and wide, ranging from British Naval quoted as their source Maryborough's letter had a clear view of everything that was ell known lu most Australian!, histories to local museum newsletters, was of Proceedings. On the balance of happening. because of the pan she played in repeated the claim the Kofuku Maru was the probabilities, with the "Kofuku Maru first It soon transpired that Mr Ogle, whose WOperation Jaywick, (he daring first Japanese ship captured by the RAN in RAN capture" claim seemingly set in recall of events surrounding the capture is 1943 commando raid on Singapore Harbour, the Pacific Zone after the outbreak of war concrete, it appeared that there had been a excellent, had been following the same she is now a floating War Memorial and with Japan. transcription error somewhere along the line barren track we had taken in search for forms an important pan of the Australian When research showed that at noon on and that Fukuyu Maru and Kofuku Maru documentation other than the Letter of National Mantime Museum's collection. December 8 1941. a scant seven hours after were most likely one and the same. Proceedings to verify the name of the vessel, For decades it was claimed that the hostilities commenced with Japan, it was Consequently, in the absence of any the one detail he could not remember. Watched by a fellow crewmember, five of MARYBOROUGH'S personnel prepare to board minesweeper HMAS Goulburn had captured Goulburn's sister ship, HMAS Maryborough, evidence to the contrary, it seemed that the However, his frustration was worse than FUKUKU MARU MV Krait, formerly the Japanese fishing which had captured the first enemy vessel, it credit for the capture of the vessel which mine for he had two photographs, showing vessel Kofuku Maru. shortly after the appeared that the riddle about the origins of was to become Krait must pass to HMAS that the ship Maryborough had captured handwriting, was the registered number of arc picked out in white paint. This outbreak of war with Japan, thereby making MV Krait was all but solved. However, it Maryborough. appeared to be identical with photographs of Kofuku Maru. information, previously given to my her the first Japanese vessel captured by the was not quite that simple. Although the However, early this year we received Krait (Kofuku Maru). Most infuriating of all They are not the same. colleague Major Hall by Corporal Ron Royal Australian navy in the Pacific Zone. capture of Maryborough's ship, a Japanese from the family of Bill Reynolds, the he told mc, was the fact that the first part cf Having now examined Mr Ogle's Morris - a member of the Jaywick team These claims were accepted without fishing vessel, was recorded rather sketchily Australian who brought Krait out of the name, printed in small block letters on photographs, it is also quite apparent, apan who was well acquainted with Kofuku Maru question. Indeed, it was not until mid 1990 in Goulburn's log, the log of HMAS Singapore, the registered number given to the vessel's bow was too indistinct for him from the different numbers and the different from the time she left Singapore - is bom that intensive research by myself and Major Maryborough, which would have given all the then Ko, tku Maru by British authorities to say for certain whether it was Fukuyu or names (now able to be deciphered on the out by photographs taken of Kofuku Maru Tom Hall, on (he origins of this famous little the relevant details, including the name and in Singapore. While the number confirmed Kofuku. The only bit that was beyond doubt photograph after considerable enlargement), shortly after her arrival in Australia in ship, revealed that the first claim was not number of the Japanese ship, had that Goulbitrn's ship, Shofuku Maru. whose was the Maru and, he moaned, the that Fukuyu Maru and Kofuku Maru arc not December 1942, when the window and door true. On December II 1941. Goulburn had disappeared. The only document which number appeared in the Goulburn's Log. registration number alongside, which was so one and the same. Although the vessels, frames were still the same grubby white. It taken into custody not Kofuku Maru. but mentioned this capture was in a summarised was definitely not Krait, it sparked off an enormous that it could be read with ease. I which were obviously made to the same was not until she was ready to leave another ship of very similar appearance and form — a typed copy of Maryborough's immediate search in Singapore and the UK could scarcely believe my cars. On the other plan, look like identical twins, there is one Australia on her mission to Singapore in with a very similar name. Sho/uku Maru Letter of Proceedings (written after the for the Shipping Registers. Unfortunately, end of the phone was a man with the important difference - the frames of the September 1943 that the whcelhousc was (see The Navy. Jan-March 1990. pp. 23-25). event), naming the vessel as Fukuyu Maru. our hopes were dashed by the relevation that registered number of Maryborough's prize windows and doorways of Fukuyu Maru's painted a uniform colour. With Goulburn out of the running, this The writer was now faced with all the registers had been lost or destroyed. ship and in front ol mc. clearly written in whcelhousc arc the same shade as the rest of Quite obviously, since the first Japanese had left the tantalising question of who or conflicting information. Kofuku Maru was Then, while Major Hall was still sifting Bill Reynolds' meticulously neat the whcelhousc. while on Kofuku Maru they vessel captured by the RAN was Fukuyu what had captured Krait. Although our claimed to be the fust ship captured by the through a mountain of files in the UK. came Maru — the ship apprehended by HMAS research had proved that most of the RAN in the Pacific Zone yet here was a the vital breakthrough. By a most amazing Maryborough at noon on December 8 1941 accepted history of the ship was erroneous. flimsy piece of paper which gave the name sequence of unrelated events, I made contact - the long standing and widespread claim that it was Kofuku Maru is clearly not true. It appears that this furphy, which has outlasted all others, surfaced in the sixties, along with a number of other "facts" about Krait. all of which have now been disproved. Which leaves the question - if the RAN did not capture Kofuku Maru on December 8 1941, who did? Sow THAT IS quite another story. LynaTta Ramsay Silver UMy1991 The author acknowledges the immense assistance given to her by Mr Barney Ogle, whose generosity in allowing access to his photographs solved the riddle. Mr Ogle has also kindly provided copies ot the photographs which illustrate this article. NOTE: A book on MV Krait. written by Lynette Silver in conjunction with the research ot Major Tom Hall, will be The similarity between KOFUKU MARU and FUKUYU MARU is dearly evident in this released shortly. FUKUYU MARU. shortly before her arrest by HMAS photograph, taken as FUKUKU MARU was obeying the order to come alongside HMAS C Lynvna Ramaay SHvar, Hay 1W1 MARYBOROUGH. B December. 1941 KRAIT. ex KOFUKU MARU MARYBOROUGH The Navy, July-September, 1991 15 14 The Navy, July-September, 1991 Sfes Designed, manufactured and operated NAVAL NEWS by the SubSea International Group. I / mmW" " ni- Presently operating 5 systems Victoria Welcomes support from Victorians the ship would be entered the Persian Gulf for the first lime on throughout Australia with a fleet of 20 pleased to extend a welcome for an open 5 February. Home Gulf Contingent day. L _Mr (y worldwide. Utilised primarily as a M survey/inspection vehicle with varying Victorians have had the opportunity to Asian Maritime pP^ •• optional specialists tooling- e.g. welcome home, ant) pay tribute to its was officially named HMAS training also promoted co-operation and PROTECTOR in a ceremony at the understanding between the RAN and the Navy's Fleet Base in Sydney on 20 March. USN. The ship was named by Mrs Aldona Sawford, wife of the Federal Member for Australian Active Port Adelaide. The original Her Majesty's Service Medal Clasp Colonial Ship (HMCS) PROTECTOR, on which Mr Sawford's grandfather served, Kuwait operated out of Port Adelaide on behalf of Members or the ships' companies of South Australian Colonial Navy last century. BRISBANE and SYDNEY have received HMCS PROTECTOR guarded South the Australian Active Service Medal Australian waters before being deployed to Clasp Kuwait following their return to China during the Boxer Rebellion. The Australia. vessel was finally beached to form a To be eligible for the medal, members of breakwater ofT the Queensland coast in 1943 the Australian Defence Force (ADF) must during the Second World War. have served in a ship or unit on continuous duty in the Area of Operations for one day The new HMAS PROTECTOR, formerly or more after 17 January, 1991. the BLUE NABILLA. was purchased last year from the National Safety Council of Those personnel who served in the area Australia (Victorian Division) following the on non-continuous duty will also be eligible liquidation of its assets in 1989. provided they have amassed a total of 30 or more days service in the Area of Operations. Mr Bilney said that HMAS PROTECTOR Details of the medal were announced would put the new Collins Class submarines recently by the Minister for Defence Scicn, through their paces prior to their acceptance and Personnel. Mr Gordon Bilney. by Navy. Mr Bilney said that all personnel who "HMAS PROTECTOR will perform a served in HMA Ships SUCCESS and vital role in Australia's defence by ensuring WESTRAUA would also receive the medal. that Navy's othei vessels meet their Other members of the ADF who served with This eye catching view of HMAS OXLEY was taken in February prior to being placed back specifications and perform at peak capacity," m the water after a five week refit. Australian or allied forces in the Area of (Pholo - LSPM Scott Connolly! The USN Kilauea class ammunition ships USS FLINT(AE 32) and USS KISKA (AE 35) at Mr Bilney said. Operations would also be eligible. HMAS STIRLING in March. 1991 "I am very pleased Mrs Aldona Sawford "The provisions governing this award of a mulli-Nalional Force ship lit the Gulf existing security arrangements between the (PhOlO - RAN) is the Naming Lady for HMAS conform generally with past practice in both conflict. two nations. PROTECTOR Mr and Mrs Sawford will Army and RAAF and aligns Navy with the SUCCESS departed with HMA Ships "The Ag'ccmcnt not only sets the legal ANZAC Frigates, the Stcyr rifle, the Hamcl maintain Naval tradition by keeping alive other services to achieve consistency." he light artillery gun and the Defence Naming of new trials ADELAIDE and DARWIN on August 13 and framework for co-operative defence logistics links with the original vessel whilst also said. Integrated Secure Communications remained in the Gulf, supporting the support between our nations, but will also and safety ship representing the new ship's proposed base at "The Active Service Medal Clasp replacement warships until January 26 when Network. help to maintain an effective defence The Navy's new trials and safety ship Port Adelaide." Kuwait will be highly valued. It is the first the replacement supply ship HMAS capability contributing to the stability of the award of this wholly Australian medal and it WESTRAUA was on station. area." Senator Ray said. is most appropriate (hat it will recognise Captain Sloper hosted Senator Ray on service by Australians in support of United board SUCCESS in November, a visit which "The agreement recognises the joint Nations objectives to liberate a small and led to the Defence Minister's remark to the industrial capacity of both nations as a relatively undefended country." Mr Bilney Senate on the vital role plavcd bv significant clement of self-reliance in the said. SUCCESS. defence outlook of both Australia and New Senator Ray told the Senate: "(Captain Zealand. For Australia it reflects the priority Former Gull Supply Sloper) is now' famous right throughout the given by the 1987 White Paper to defence 4- Middle East for his methods that have needs in the types of military conflict which Ship Captain to head could arise in the shorter term, while .get achieved results." .r^v defence recruiting SUCCESS, under the command of developing a mutually beneficial logistics Captain Sloper also won the Duke of support base within the civil infrastructure A Naval officer described by the of both nations for longer term outlooks. Minister for Defence, Senator Robert Gloucester Cup for the best general "Technology transfer between Australia Ray, as being "famous right throughout efficiency, seamanship, equipment reliability L^ and technical training of RAN ships in 1990. and New Zealand will be directly assisted - the Middle East for methods that have & through the new Agreement and will enable achieved results" will be the Australian both nations to maintain a Men technolgoy Defence Force's new head of recruiting. base assisting in the acquisition and *lf W^iML - The former Commanding Officer of the operation of equipment of an advanced RAN supply ship. HMAS SUCCESS, Logistics Co-Operation nature. ~"^ Captain Graham Sloper, was promoted to Agreement the rank of Commodore on June 1 and took The Minister for Defence, Senator "One of the major benefits will be in the ^^^^^^^^^HR^^^ gfp* up the appointment of Director General of Robert Ray, has announced the signing of streamlining of ongoing support Defence Force Recruiting a week later. a new Co-operative Defence Logistics arrangements for major point projects. The An expert in weapons and anti Support Agreement between Australia Agreement caters for the further i^^^^^^^E submarine warfare. Captain Sloper and New Zealand. development of collaborative projects which 3»F« commanded HMAS SUCCESS from Signed by the Defence Ministers of both will have real benefits for industry in both TTwU. >N Los Angeles class submarin 9 USS LOUISVILLE arriving at HMAS STIRLING on March 7. She was the first US submarine to visit December 1988. He remained in command countries, the Agreement provides a basis countries." Senator Ray said. the facility since January, 1986. through the longest individual deployment for mutual logistics suppcit and strengthens Current collaborative projects include the (Pfwio - LSPM Scott Connolly) 18 The Navy, July-September, 1991 The Navy, July-September, 1991 19 NAVAL NEWS—CONTINUED NAVAL NEWS — CONTINUED In the immediate future, PROTECTOR undergoing training. The Gull War — international policy aspects of the Gulf War. the outbreak of War, and this has lessons for Pacific War. the Battle of the Coral Sea was will assist with mine counter measures, The Darwin Port Division will be able to This was followed by Captain Cam Australia in the equipping of our new Anzac fought between ships of the Japanese and mining trials and operations; diving provide greater support to Australian Maritime Aspects Watson. Master of the MV N1VOSA, a class Frigate now building in Melbourne. Allied navies from 4-8 May. 1942. The The New South Wales Division of The operations: and use of a submersible and Defence Force elements in the area as well 124,000 tonne Australian flag Shell tanker, Fundamental to the safety of our ships battle look place in the Coral Sea, off the Navy League in conjunction with The remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). as complementing heavy landing craft work who spoke on "Experiences of a Tanker and the success of the operation was the air coasts of Queensland and New Guinea. Company of Master Mariners of PROTECTOR has a crew of 19 under the and other naval tasks, aid RAN Reserve Master". power provided swiftly by the United States Historically, it was the first naval battle Australia arranged a Presentation on the command of Lieutenant Commander recruiting and provide assistance to the After supper. Rear Admiral Ken Doolan, aircraft carriers. Initially they provided the fought entirely by aircraft, without the ships above subject on Tuesday, 21 May at the Graeme Banyer. civilian community in times of disaster and the Maritime Commander Australia and main air effort while land-based Air Forces ever sighting each other. Strategically, it was Masonic Centre in Goulburn Street, emergency. Commodore Don Chalmers, the Task Group were rapidly built up. the first check to the Japanese advance in Sydney, when some 140 people from all Commander of the first Australian World War II. Following Japanese air raids New Navy Reserve Darwin Port Division of the Reserve has walks of life attended a most stimulating deployment in the Gulf, spoke on Maritime Battle of The Coral Sea on Darwin, it was the first time since British been growing steadily since it was formed in evening. diving team for Darwin Activities in the Gulf Area. Conference colonisation that Australians lived in real 1981 and the formation of the diving team The Presentation was opened by Rear The Royal Australian Navy has a new Captain Norm Mackie, Sydney Branch fear of imminent enemy invasion. will add a new dimension to the Navy's Admiral Andrew Robertson, a Federal Vice Sydney, 7-10 May 1992 diving team in Darwin which has been Master of The Company of Master Marines, Conference sessions will focus on the capability to defend the Top End. President of the League. Mr Ian Haig, a The Australian National Maritime formed as part of the Darwin Port and Rear Admiral Robertson summed up. battle itself, its strategic significance, its former Ambassador to Saudi Arabia and Museum will hold Its first major Division of the RAN Reserves. The diving team will be capable of basic Some matters which were covered effect on Australians, and its symbolic Kuwait, with 16 years experience in Foreign conference from 7 to 10 May 1992, to Called Diving Team 11. the new diving ships diving tasks, ship husbandry included the minimum warning received by meaning for US-Australian bilateral Affairs and trade matters in the area, then set commemorate the 50th anniversary of the team consists of 12 divers, eight members of (underwater maintenance), hull searches and Australia of the outbreak of a major War relations then and since. Speakers are being the scene with a talk on strategic and Batik of the Coral Sea. which arc ready for duty with two more limited surface demolition tasks. involving the most modem weaponry; the sought from Australia, the USA and The conference and a temporary speed of deployment of our Naval forces elsewhere. exhibition, to be held in the newly-opened and (he commendable efforts made to I'it The full conference program will be museum in Sydney's Darling Harbour, will urgently needed communications and other available later this year. be part of an Australia-wide series of Coral equipment; the fact that only four of our For further details, intending speakers Sea commemorative events during the first warships were equipped with close-in and participants can contact: ten days of May 1992. missile weapon systems which was a major John Wade, Both museum events arc being sponsored factor in the choice of the warships which Senior Curator, USA Gallery through the USA Bicentennial Gift, and were deployed {HMAS BRISBANE was Australian National Maiitime MuMum form part of the public programs of the USA subsequently fitted with a Phalanx system QPO BOX 5131 Gallery, which commemorates Australian- taken from the frigate under construction in Sydney, NSW 2000 Australia American maritime relations. Telephone: (02) 552 7777 £* Melbourne, to enable her 10 take part in the Fax: (02) 660 0720 second deployment); the dangers faced by Only five months after the opening of the & Australian merchant ships, particularly in the earlier Iran/Iraq War, in which the SAFELY BY SEA Australian Government seemed to be '+ Safely by Sea is an edited collection of key papers delivered at six conferences on the uninterested in the defence of its Security of Sea Lanes of Communication in the Western Pacific between 1982 and merchantmen, and other nations would not 1988. accept the tasks of escorting them; the The papers by a wide range of senior naval, diplomatic and academic figures from success of command and control six Pacific nations have been compiled and organised by Malcolm Kennedy and arrangements organised among the various Michael O'Connor of the Australian Defence Association. Additional material has been national Naval forces present; the problems provided by the editors/authors in a 345 page hardcover book published by the of intercepting and searching large and un prestigious University Press of America. cooperative ships and the techniques using Commenting on Safely by Sea, Richard B Foster, Editor-in-Chief of Comparative helicopters which were developed; the Strategy wrote. gradual success of the Naval blockades and "this timely collection ought to be ready by everyone who has an interest in or a the spirit of ready co-operation between all responsibility for maintaining the security of the sea lanes, either in what passes for three Services in assisting and supporting peace in these times or in the event of actual conflict." the predominantly Naval deployment. Safely by Sea is available from Koiali Consultants Ply. Ltd.. PO Box 1131. East Eleven Indonesian fisNng boats towed in to Darwin by the patrol boat HMAS 0U88O on 16 March, 1991 One major lesson rclcarnt was that by Doncaster. 3109 at ASSS post paid. Telephone orders to (03) 842 6203 or Fax (03) 841 and large Navies have to fight with the 8413. weapons and equipment they have fitted at PENTAX DRAFTING MACHINES CAIRNS FUEL DISTRIBUTORS Drafting Machines, Boards and PTYLTD KERR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD Stands, Chairs and Lamps, All Drawing Supplies, Drafting LUBRICATION SPECIALISTS Equipment Hire, Plan Printing, Distributors of. Giant Photocopying UNIT 2, 11 PACKARD AVE. CASTLE HILL, NSW 2154 Plotter Pens, Paper and Film Suppliers of. . . NINETEEN SUPPLIES TECTYL RUSTPROOF1NG PRODUCTS Kerr Dental Materials to the Department of Defence PTYLTD Cairns: (070) 31 3229 or (070) 51 9229 Phone: 816 3311. Fax: 816 3230 282 Victoria Rd, Gladesville l..£t 92 BUCHAN ST. PORTSMOUTH. Fax: 51 9816 Phone: (02) 634 2999. Facsimile: (02) 634 4737 20 Ttw Navy, July-Saptambar, 1991 TheN«vy, July-S*ptemb«r, 1991 21 BERRI FRUIT JUICES 7 LEDGAR RD, BALCATTA, WA, 6021 (021905*153 :lO.!lSVJ2075 Proud to be Associated with the Department of Defence SEPARATING IN CANBERRA? Make the transfer to the private sector with our • Certificate in Personnel Management • Certificate in Business Management • Certificate in Financial Management • Certificate in Marketing Management PAGING Australian Institute of ' Australia Wide Service Management * Intrinsically Safe * 48 Hours Delivery Time PO Box 282, Curtin, Act, 2605 * Largest Land-Based Network Phone: Stephen Bond (06) 282 1914 " All Models of Pagers & Cellular Phones for further information and enrolments 489 3269 26 Grosvenor Street, WAHROONGA, 2076 22 The Navy. July-September. 1991 Th» N»vy. July-Septtmb«f. 1991 23 • Two drivers are still required to WATERFRONT operate a crane with only one seat and three levers. • Waterfront gangs still draw straws for "nick-off days" where the lucky — PORTS AND SHIPPING winner can return home on full pay. A report on the Second Sydney Conference by • Fourteen waterside workers still front up to the task of bulk unloading some Rear Admiral ANDREW ROBERTSON AO RAN (Rtd) commodities, a task which usually needs just three workers. • Dust allowances, hot weather allowances and wei weather -LEAD-FOLLO W-OR GET OUT OF THE ROAD" was a slogan launched by one forthright speaker allowances arc still paid to drivers at the second conference on Waterfront, Ports and Shipping held In Sydney from 12 to 13 operating in closed, air-conditioned February this year — a dramatic call Indeed, but Indicative of the pressure for reform in the cabins. maritime industries now being generated. • Dust allowances, hot weather allowances and wet weather r course the subject, and particularly some degree of satisfaction at the pace and enterprise based agreement between one of allowances arc still paid to drivers the waterfront, has been the target of depth of reform taking plaa . Average crew the nation's largest container terminal operating in closed, air-conditioned Omuch political and press activity sizes for both new and old vnius have been operators (National Terminals) and cabins. over the last Tew months, stirred up in part reduced dramatically in the last few years. stevedoring unions in Sydney and • Two extra "spare men" are still by the various conferences, industrial By the end of 1991 average crew sizes will Melbourne which should result in a 34* employed per vessel in some ports. proceedings and other initiatives which have be down to 21. equivalent tr the average reduction in their workforce, a reduction in These "spare men" do no job and are been taking place all over the country. crews of ships of OECD countries, and a big manning levels and improved efficiency at not allowed to be employed even if a Increased productivity, and overall reduction from the average of 33 of ten grain handling terminals; the removal of job arises during the shift. efficiency in (he whole maritime industry, is years ago. The new BORAL gas [ankers watchmen from ships' gangways; slightly- If these allegations arc correct, clearly gradually being seen by the nation ai one of BORAL CAS and PACIFIC GAS of 2440 reduced tug crews; some rationalisation of such practices must end. One must ask how the most important areas requiring major CiRT have crews of eleven, as do the 3 new port charges; amalgamation into the they have been allowed to continue for so Clearly there is a message here involving Another way must be found. micro-economic reform if our economy is to ships being operated by Slaleships of W.A Waterside Workers' Federation of a number long. LO ordinal ion and management. It will be interesting to see how the move forward and recover tn the face of the These significant advances in efficiency and of unions; and a streamlining and On the other hand there were examples Truck queuing is another area now being Prime Minister's initiative in early May in immense pressures of overseas competition. competitiveness have been achieved by reorp—'isation of some maritime (including where new flexible arrangements in small addressed with a view lo reducing the negotiating a waterfront agreement between Clearly any improvement in efficiency and close co-operation between unions and pont authorities. ports have resulted in highly efficient current often wasteful waiting times. Indeed unions and employers involving a $12 pay reduction in costs on the waterfront and in management; by a reduction of unions in However most Australian ports siill operations. For instance Perkins Shipping in the whole Road/Rai I /Waterfront interface is rise and a further average 6 per cent pay rise port activities must improve the return to re ships crews from 7 to 3 and in due course 2; remain far behind in competitiveness Darwin, with a highly flexible workforce of now the subject of detailed investigation. over the next two years in exchange for new producer, and therefore the nation, on all our by multi-skilling training (in which the compared with those of our major trading permanent multi-skilled personnel supported tn the improvement of management job classifications, works out in practice. exports. Similarly such improvements wit) Australian Maritime College at Launcesu partners and rivals. Statistics were quoted by casual workers, not only has an enviable practices. Electronic Data Interchange If it produces a huge productivity and reduce the costs of imports to the benefit of has played a central role); and by increased showing that the Government's target for industrial records but is able to boast a one- clearly has a major role to play. The possible efficiency improvement, well and good and our inflation rate and the pocket of all automation and centralisation of ship contro. reform fell far short of achievements stop shop where the public can present for elimination of most of the paper mountain of Australians will breathe a sigh of relief. If consumers. facilities. overseas. In a very short time New Zealand shipment anywhere in the world anything forms now required for the import of each improvements appear to be illusory there Additiorally, any increase in Australian- No less than 27 new ships will have been achieved a 1001 increase in productivity, from a simple parcel of potato chips to a item (in some cases over I00 forms arc will be much disenchantment and calls for flagged or owned shipping in the introduced under the Australian .lag in the 4 and the UK 65%. Our target is a mere 30% bulldozer. needed) will benefit efficiency, costs and no sterner measures. After all there are voices international trade is virtually *valuc adding' years ending in mid 1992. There are now improvement over 3 yean, and this against Other subjects which came up for some doubt our forests. now asking why, in time of recession and to the export carried, reducing the balance of eight shipping lines engaged in the TRANS one comparative example that ports like criticism included the scheduling and All in all ihe message seemed clear serious unemployment there is any pay rise payments outflow and bringing income into TASMAN service compared with only two Rotterdam. Singapore and Fclixtowe handle control of trucking to and from the wharves. enough. The process of port and waterfront on the waterfront, noting the very high the nation. Carrying more of >ur trade in in 1980. at least twice as many coniamcrs/cranc-liour In the Port of Melbourne, for instance, it was reform must be speeded up. In the I .tee of average pay already received by most Australian ships is as important as further If reform proceeds steadily and co as do most of our ports slated thai there are half a million truck recessional burgeoning unemployment, waterfront workeis and the low average processing before export of our raw operatively as planned and other measures There were calls for the setting of much movements per year but about 80% of the Australia just cannot wait another 18 months hours worked. commodities such as wool, iron ore, or are taken to improve the competitiveness of more ambitious targets in shorter nmeseales; journeys to or from the wharves are made by to catch up with our trading partners and Tkt mtw agreement must deliver the alumina. Carriage of more of our imports .n Australian shipping and its access to the the removal of restrictive practices and empty vehicles. rivals. Australian ships likewise adds to the carriage of our trade, there could be a bright abuses; the removal of cross subsidisation national income as well as creating jobs and future ahead for all connected with sea between ports: the introduction of a casual enhancing our balance of payments. (At transport, to the great benefit of the nation as labour system for small ports (Cairns was present only A% of Australia's external trade a whole. quoted as a particularly bad example of is carried by Australian shipping.) Ports and the waterfront however, current full time manning systems); the JOHN CRANE AUST. PTY LTD So the conference, which brought present a somewhat different picture. Here removal of the voluntary redundancy to .(her 200 odd representatives of the situation is very much more complicated system: rationalisation and reduction in waterfront employers, unions, shipping with many authorities, firms, unions, and unions involved; thai compulsory unionism companies, port authorities, importers and vested interests involved. should go; and that the performances of our PO BOX 200, BANKSTOWN, NSW, 2200 exporters. politicians, academics, While some progress has been achieved, ports and waterfronts must be measured government representatives and many other many speakers at the conference were against those of our competitors, and not interested panics, played its pan in throwing concerned at the snail's pace and against our own past performances. Contractors to the Department of Defence for Shaft Seals and Seats light on the important matter of maritime shallowness of reform. Inefficiencies and abuse on the reform. Since the reform process started in waterfront have been quoted bi the media Shipping was the first subject to be earnest about 18 months ago under the and in press releases for many years. Recent addressed in some depth. In this area there Government's WIRA initiative there have allegations include outdated and almost Phone: (02) 709 2288. Facsimile: (02) 707 4646 was a mood of restrained optimism and been some successes. These include the unbelievable practices such as: 24 The Nevy, Jury-September, 1991 Tin W«vy, Juhf-Biamiitii, 1W1 » ROYAL NEW ZEALAND RNZ NAVY 50th ANNIVERSARY — conimued * Navy - 50TH ANNIVERSARY - corvette ARBUTUS and various small Kingdom to make up the complements of Post World War Two auxiliary craft. the frigates and enable them to be sailed to Six Frigates Purchased New Zealand at an early date. The corvettes HMNZS BELLONA HMNZS NGAPONA in the Maritxough Sounds ith ihc end ol World War ARABIS and ARBUTUS were sailed to the The post-war Royal New Zealand Navy tons and were 162 ft long. They were built flight deck were fitted. LACHLAN was paid work during EEZ patrols around the coast of tl. the lull implications of United Kingdom and placed in reserve in began to crystallise early in 1948 when six in Australia during the war. The off in February 1975 and replaced in the sea New Zealand. the 1941 change in tutus July 1948. The first four frigates — TAUPO. LOCH class frigates were bought from the minesweepers were brought forward from going survey role by HMNZS MONOWAI from (he New Zealand KANIERE. HAWEA and PUKAKI — Volunteer Reserve United Kingdom Government. reserve in Australia and sailed to New (after conversion from the inter-island trader Division of the Royal arrived in Auckland on 5 January 1949. The Designed for anti-submarine, convoy. Zealand for modernisation and refit. MOAMA ROA). After decommissioning Reconstituted WNavy to ihc Royal New Zealand Navy last two — TUTIRA and ROTOITI — LACHLAN was fitted out as a refit and hecame apparent: the New Zealand Naval and escort dunes. Britain's modem LOCH ECHUCA was scrapped in 1967, After the war the Royal New Zealand followed seven months later, arriving on 25 accommodation barge and is still in use in Board Merc confronted with 'he problems of class frigates earned a fine reputation against STAWELL in 1968. INVERELL and Naval Volunteer Reserve was reconstituted August. this role. the foundation and development of the first German U-boats just after the Normandy KIAMA were used in the fishery protection with divisions based in the four main cities, peacetime New Zealand Government Invasion. They also did good work Korean Contribution and training roles until being scrapped in Training Ships and drill and training commenced late in controlled and operated Navy. protecting the North Russia convoys. The Three days after the New Zealand 1979. The Navy has had a number of training 1948. During the operation of the Military Demobilisation had to be expedited, and at following LOCH class frigates were selected Government decided to contribute to the Survey Ship ships since the end of the Second World Training Act Ihe reserve divisions trained the same lime officers and ratings had to be and renamed after New Zealand lakes. United Nations naval forces in Korea, the For almost a hundred years surveying the War The first was HMNZS KIWI which the relative small number of compulsory found to nun MMNZ ships and • HMS LOCH SHIN HMNZS first two LOCH class frigates sailed. They New Zealand coast was the responsibility of served as training ship to give annual sea naval reservists accepted, but with the establishments. TAUPO were HMNZS PUKAKI and TUTIRA. and ihc Roval Navv. the survcv ships including training for Ihc Royal New Zealand Naval suspension of compulsory service in 1957 they left Auckland on 3 July 1950. they reverted to their volunteer role. In 1945. on the close of hostilities, the • HMS LOCH ACHRAY HMNZS HM Ships ACHERON and PANDORA Volunteer Reservists from Auckland. cruisers ACHILLES and GAMBIA, back KANIERE On 1 August 1950 they reached Sascbo. (I849 to I855). PENGUIN (the early I900s) Wellington. Chrislchurch and Duncdin. She WRNZNS Reinstated and three hours after their arrival sailed from Japanese WJICIN. reverted lo the Royal • HMS LOCH MORLECH HMNZS and ENDEAVOUR (I937 to 1939). At the was followed by her sister ship HMNZS The Women's Royal New Zealand Naval again with a supply convoy. Navy. They were replaced by the lighi TUTIRA conclusion of the Second World War. TUI which remained in service until 1955 Service was rcinstitutcd in May 1947 and From then until the cease fire on 28 July 'Dido' class cruisers BELLONA and • HMS LOCH ECK HMNZS Admiralty advised that it was unable to when she was converted lo a fleet auxiliary later became a permanent part of the Navy. 1953 Ihc Royal New Zealand Navy BLACK PRINCK (5.770 tons) on loan to HAWEA resume this work and the The ma.n contingent in maintained two frigates continuously in the New Zealand. • HMS LOCH ACHANALT HMNZS responsibility fell upon the Royal HMNZS PHILOMEL were area. Although permanent and short-term PUKAKI New Zealand Navy. The need was employed as cooks and This effort involved all six frigates of the commissions were granted to a number of • HMS LOCH KATRINE HMNZS great since most of the existing stewards, shorthand-typists, RNZN and eight tours of duty. It also Reserve officers, and many 'hostilities only' ROTOIT1 charts were based on the survey writers, communications involved approximately one-half of the ratings joined the peacetime Royal New Although recruiting m New Zealand had made by ACHERON and ratings. M T drivers, dental Navy's average strength during the period of Zealand Navy, the transition period from been satisfactory, it was recognised that the PANDORA almost a hundred attendants, radar plotters, sick hostilities. war 10 peace necessitated placing in reserve training of tradesmen would take some time years before and New Zealand berth attendants and stores all ships, many for disposal, with the to accomplish. It was therefore necessary to After the cease-fire New Zealand's naval had no survey ship. However, the assistants. A number of Wrens exception of the cruiser BELLONA and recruit ex-Royal Navy ratings in (he United contribution was reduced to one ship — Australian Government advised also served at HMNZS usually a frigate but occasionally a cruiser thai it was prepared to make TAMAKI and at Navy Office. — with a second available although not available LACHLAN. a convened Wellington. stationed in the area. In addition, the area of 'River' class frigate on loan, and operation was widened by attaching the ship in October 1949 she was Last of the Cruisers to the Royal Navy's Far West Fleet as part of commissioned as a unit of the In mid-1953 the the Commonwealth Strategic Reserve in Royal New Zealand Navy. In mid- Government announced that it South-East Asia. November she began h-rr work ol intended to acquire Ihe Australian Minesweepers producing valuable material for completely modernised cruiser On 5 March 1952 it was announced that new and more detailed charts ol 7 HMS ROYALIST for the the Australian Government had made a gift [he Dominion's coastal waters and Royal New Zealand Navy. of certain Pacific areas. At first, to the New Zealand Government of the four HMNZS ENDEAVOUR, stUdm 1962. BELLONA was liken from fleet minesweepers. INVERELL. KIAMA, LACHLAN "s material was reserve in October and sailed compiled into charts by the Lands and STAWELL and ECHUCA. They retained for use exclusively on research work. to the United Kingdom where her ship's Survey Department, but in 1953 this work their original names in commemoration of The sea-training rote has since been company took over the new ship. was transferred to the Navy Department. (he gift and in honour of the Australian undertaken by the LOCH class frigate ROYALIST commissioned on 17 April LACHLAN was finally purchased by the towns after which they were named. The ROTOITI and then HMNZS INVERELL. 1956 and was formally handed over to the New Zealand Government in 1962 and ships were BATHURST' class Although not designated specifically for Prime Minister of New Zealand on 9 July. given an extensive refit in 1966. during HMNZS STAWELL. Iranslemd Imm ihe RAN minesweepers with a displacement of 650 training, the frigates OTAGO and which an enclosed bridge and helicopter She sailed from ihc United Kingdom the TARANAKI also undertook this important same day and, after working up in the 26 Th* Navy. July-Seplemtwr, 1991 The Navy, Juh/-S»pt»mb»f, 1991 27 RNZ NAVY 50th ANNIVERSARY — continued RNZ NAVY 50th ANNIVERSARY — continued Mediterranean, arrived in New Zealand on 20 December. In 1961 BLACK PRINCE was returned to the control of Admiralty which declared her surplus. She was sold to Far Eastern ship-breakers and towed away from Auckland. ROYALIST was decommissioned in March 1966 and was sold to a Japanese company for scrap in December 1967 and towed from Auckland in January 1968. Antarctic Supply Ships The Royal New Zealand Navy accepted a major role in the New Zealand Trans- Aniarctic Expedition: it agreed to take the expedition to McMurdo Sound, to help erect Scott Base and supply it. and to provide the Chief Radio Officer In 1956 the New Zealand Government purchased the Royal Research Ship JOHN BISCOE as the expedition supply ship. She was commissioned as HMNZS ENDEAVOUR and arrived in New Zealand on 20 October 1956. ENDEAVOUR made her first voyage to McMurdo Sound in the summer of 1956 HMNZS HAWEA. 1950 when she took in men and supplies for the HMNZS PUKAKI Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition White at Cowes. and construction began early HMNZS CANTERBURY was launched a new comprehensive policy for the future and helped establish Scon Base She Nav> Renamed HMNZS ENDEAVOUR the anti-infiltration patrols hem ecu in 1957. by Her Royal Highness Princess Anne on 6 employment of women. The council's returned the next year to bring back Sir tanker was brought from reserve in San Malaysia/Singapore and Indonesia with the The first, named HMNZS OTAGO. May 1970 and was commissioned into the decision heralded a move to open more job Vivian Fuchs. Sir Edmund Hillary and Francisco, commissioned and sailed to New Royal N«vy 11th MitKSwccping Squadron originally began construction as HMS RNZN on 22 October 1971. The ship is the opportunities in the forces, among them members of the expedition. ENDEAVOUR Zealand at the end of ls>62. Both vessels returned to the Untied HASTINGS and was commissioned as a first vessel of its class to be fitted with two sending women to sea in non-combat ships. made three more voyages to the Antarctic The Indonesian Confrontation Kingdom at the end of ls»66 and were paid Rothesay-Class rrigate in I960. The ship sets of triple-barrelled anti-submarine The idea behind the move was to end torpedo tubes in place of the mortar systems with stores and to make extensive Two wooden hulled Ton-Class oil'into reserve in 1967, arrived in New Zealand early in 196). discrimination in employment and give fitted in OTAGO. TARANAKI, oceanngraphic cruises before it was decided minesweepers were commissioned into The second, also a Rothesay-Class anti more economical and flexible management Anti-Submarine Frigates BLACKPOOL and WAIKATO. (This that it was no longer economic to refit her RNZN Service in Singapore in 1965. These submarine frigate, was named HMNZS of manpower resources. In October 1956 the Government weapon has since been removed from all for the hard service of the southern ocean. were HMS HICKLETON and HMS TARANAKI and was commissioned in early In giving its decision, the Defence announced Us intention lit order two fast RNZN frigates during refits in the Naval She was sold in 1962 and replaced by a SANTON and were permanently stationed 1961. arriving in New Zealand in September Council said plans had been developed to anti-submarine frigates of the WhUby-ctass Dockyard.) CANTERBURY was also the Patapsco-class tanker. (he USS in Singapore manned by regular and of the same year. give training for men and women throughout for the N»vy. Orders were placed, with J.L first New Zealand frigate to be fitted with an NAMAKAGON. from the United States volunteer reserve crews. They were used on the ranks, with the eventual aim of having Thorncycroft at Southhampton and J S In 1962 the Navy was authorised to call operational closed circuit television system. tenders for a third frigate. Named HMNZS women become eligible for posts in which WAIKATO by Princess Alexandra, the new New Patrol Craft they would be responsible for commanding Lcandcr-Gass frigate was built at Belfast and In the early 1970s, after detailed study by and administering men and vice versa. * came equipped with the latest Wasp anti Naval Staff, approval was received for the Joint [raining with male ratings saw submarine helicopter. HMNZS WAIKATO construction of four 107 foot steel patrol women gradually taking over duties arrived in New Zealand in June 1967. The craft to replace the Harbour Defence Motor normally allocated to men. It was in a way a provision of these new modern ships was Launches built in Canada and the United repeat of 1942, but the nation was not at made necessary by the rapid ageing of the States during the early 1940s. Built by war. Women were trained again as radio remaining Loch-Class frigates. First HMNZS Brooke Marine Limited in Lowestoft. operators, one or two qualified as physical ROTOITI and then HMNZS PUKAKI were England, the four patrol craft of this class training instructors, even the regulating restricted to coastal waters because of the were commissioned in February and July branch go; • c,uota of women. condition of the ships' hulls, PUKAKI was 1975 and sailed out to New Zealand as deck Finally the Government decreed that the taken out of service in May 1965 and cargo on the heavy lift ship STARMAN. Women's Royal New Zealand Naval Service ROTOITI in August 1965. Their primary role is fishery protection and would be disbanded on 19 July 1977. From that day the only distinction between men Government policy was obtained agreeing resource duties around the New Zealand and women "servicemen" would be in that the Navy should comprise a blue water coast. The four craft were named after New administrative matters where women would operational combat force of four frigates and Zealand lakes and also commemorate the be designated by the letter "W" in brackets negotiations were held to hire the Whitby- Loch-Class frigates HAWEA. PUKAKI. after their rank to avoid possible Class anti-submarine frigate HMS TAUPO and ROTOITI which served the embarrassment or offence. For the officers' BLACKPOOL from the Royal Navy for a RNZN between 1948 and 1966. ranks like second and third officer were to term of five years while the fourth New WRNZNS disbanded go. replaced by lieutenant (W) and sub Zealand frigate was being built. HMNZS July 1976 saw the beginning of the end lieutenant • Wi Similar changes occurred in BLACKPOOL entered RNZN service in June for the WRNZNS. In that month the the lower rates. 1966 and in late 1968 the order was placed Defence Council, under the chairmanship of with the Glasgow shipbuilding firm of the Minister of Defence. Mr Allan New White Ensign Yarrows for New Zealand's second Leander- McCready. decided to disband the three The Royal New Zealand Navy hoisted its Class frigate HMNZS CANTERBURY. women's Services as part of a plan to set up own White Ensign on 20 June 1968. The First ot the Type \2 frigates. HMNZS OTAGO The Navy, July-September. 1991 29 28 The Navy. July-Stptcfnter. 1991 RNZ NAVY 50th ANNIVERSARY — continued RNZ NAVY 50th ANNIVERSARY — continued new ensign, of the same design as (he New metres in length. MANAWANUI has since Zealand blue and red ensigns, but on a white been replaced and renamed HMNZS KAHU background, had received the approval of for use by the training establishment Her Majesty the Queen. HMNZS TAMAKI for seamanship and The main reason tor the change was the navigation training. i growth and individuality of the Royal New i Two inshore survey craft, HMNZS Zealand Navy and the foreseeable TAKAPU and HMNZS TARAPUNGA. requirement for the Navy to operate were commissioned in 1980. They are .- increasingly apart from the British Royal designed to work independently or with Navy. r HMNZS MONOWAI and carry an array of The White Ensign had been served sophisticated hydrographic survey proudly and well, first by the New Zealand equipment. T/' Division of the Royal Navy and - subsequently by ships and men of the Royal Four inshore patrol craft have been built «t£ New Zealand Navy. for use with each of the volunteer reserve divisions. HMNZS HINAU is attached to The date when the new- White ensign was NGAPONA in Auckland, HMNZS first flown coincided wi'h the 47th WAKAKURA to the Wellington division anniversary of the formation of "The New OLPHERT. HMNZS KIWI to PEGASUS in Zealand Division of the Royal Navy" Christchurch, and the Dunedin division uses authorised by an Order in Council dated 20 HMNZS MOA. June 1921. HMNZSTui HMNZS TUI was leased to the New Replacement Frigates Zealand Government by the American For some years studies had been carried Government in July 1970 and, after a short out into suitable replacements for HMNZS ••*• -c Ce tf-v* .. refit in Brooklyn, New York, was OTAGO and HMNZS TARANAKI whose hulls were now nearly 25 years old, although commissioned into the Royal New Zealand Working in Malaysian waters, the minesweeper SANTON The second ENDEAVOUR, in service from 1962 to 1971 Navy on 11 September 1970. She works a bold plan was approved to modernise primarily on the research programme of the TARANAKI with a gas turbine power plant HMS DIDO, complete with Wasp broken up in 1987. Defence Scientific Establishment. this r-ver eventuated. In 1981 the British helicopters. These two frigates were This gave the RNZN a combat force of Before her transfer, she was attached to Government offered the RNZN the renamed HMNZS WELLINGTON and four Leandcr-Class frigates with the the United States Navy's Mi..l3ry Sea opportunity to purchase two Lander-Class HMNZS SOUTHLAND respectively. advantages of commonality but the problem Transportation Service (MSTS) under the frigates currently operated by the Royal HMNZS SOUTHLAND underwent a refit that all were approximately the same age name of CHARLES H. DAVIS. Navy. This offer was accepted and HMNZS by Vosper Thornycroft in the United and would require replacing as a total frigate The ship was specifically designed as a TARANAKI was formally decommissioned Kingdom prior to sailing for New Zealand. force in the 1990s. To overcome this a specialised oceanographic research vessel in June 1982 and broken up for scrap in HMNZS OTAGO was decommissioned comprehensive modernisation was carried and was launched in June 1962. Auckland. in November 1983 and. after being snipped out to HMNZS WELLINGTON after arrival HMNZS TUI is employed on To replace the two type 12 frigates the of all essentia] equipment, was subsequently in New Zealand by the Naval Dockyard in oceanographic research in conjunction with RNZN purchased HMS BACCHANTE and the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and the Defence Scientific Establishment. CAIRNS To enable a wide range of trials and research to be undertaken, special deck BEVERAGES machinery has been fitted, including winches, a large crane, electrical cable PTY LTD handling facilities and a specil davit on the stem. A unique feature of the ship are two transducer tubes, one metre in diameter, 120 SPENCE STREET which extend from the upper deck right CAIRNS, QLD, 4870 through the hull and open to the sea at the bottom. TUI's normal area of operation is around ?Zs> HMNZS MANGA New Zealand, Australia, New Caledonia. Fiji and the Cook Islands. ship. In 1975 HMNZS MONOWAI was conversion both mam engines were w§ HMNZS Monowai steamed back to Scotland where she was completely rebuilt and upgraded. By the early 1970s it was realised that first built in 1960 and handed over to Scott HMNZS MONOWAI was commissioned the existing hydrographic survey ship, Lithgow Drydocks for refit and conversion. on 4 October 1977 in Scotland prior to Distributors for Schweppes HMNZS LACHLAN. was nearing the end The conversion into one of the most modem returning to New Zealand. The ship carries Drinks, Post Mix and Mineral of its sea-going life. Modem technology also vessels of its type involved total refurbishing two 10.5 metre specialist survey boats. Waters, Pauls Longlife Juices, made available a large array of sophisticated and extension of the accommodation areas, New Zealand Built Craft Bundaberg Brews, survey equipment which, if to be used adding extra surveying office space and A total of seven vessels have been built Confectionery effectively, would have to be installed in a store room space, fitting the latest surveying for the RNZN by Whangarei Engineering modern ship. After evaluation th; equipment available at the time, adding a Company during the late 1970s and early Tel: (070) 51 0177 Government transferred the inter-island helicopter deck and hangar in addition to 1980s. The first of these was the diving trader MOANA ROA to the RNZN in 1974 upgrading all engineering equipment lender MANAWANUI. All vessels have the Fax: (070) 31 4766 for conversion to a specialist survey ship. In throughout the ship. In the course of the same hull design and machinery, being 27 The current ENDEAVOUR, visiting the Port of Fremanffe 30 The Navy, July-September,! 991 TheNa»y, July-September. 1991 31 The Royal Navy at Malta battleship/aircraft carrier conversions of ISE RNZ NAVY 50th ANNIVERSARY — co.il/- and HYUGA in 1943 and the more recent Vol 2 1907-1939 Soviet Kiev class hybrids. By RICHARD ELLIS and Apart from these, the world's navies LCDR BEN WARLOW designed and developed many unusual Published by Maritime Books hybrids, most of which were never built. Reviewed by ROSS GILLETT As the title suggests this is the second One ship which was commissioned and in the series of pictorial books on the Royal appears to have missed out in the book is the Navy's presence in Malta, the first volume RAN's own ALBATROSS, seaplanes covering the period from 1865 to 1906. carried forward with 4.7 inch and other guns The volume under review. 1907 to 1939, mounted for attack and defensive purposes. is a collection of almost 150 black and white On a similar but scale but with different photographs from the surviving glass plate roles, the Japanese Army built and negatives of the Ellis Family of Malta, taken commissioned combined transports/landing over thirteen decades. The illustrations in vessels and aircraft carriers. The AKITSU the book were rediscovered by the publisher MARU and her sister ship NIGITSU MARU in the 1960s. were variations of the big gun/aviation Each ship or event portrayed in the Royal theme- The following description taken from Navy at Malta is reproduced in large format the book, describes these vessels and a third with some views spread across two pages. modified vessel. Accompanying each is a detailed caption CHAPTER IS covering both technical and historical Variations on a theme information, compiled by LCDR Warlow. Since antiquity, ships have been specially As well as the larger fleet units in Malta, built or modified to land troops, animals and the book includes support and minor war weapons on hostile shores. Thucydides tells vessels and for the RAN. both AUSTRALIA of the Athenian conversion of old warships and OXLEY or OTWAY arc depicted. into horse transports during the Following the commissioning into Royal The book and its contents arc presented Pcloponnesain War and indicates the Navy service of the nuclear powered in a large square format, measuring 30cm by Persians possessed such craft even earlier. submarines and the Oberon class dicsel 30cm. Paper quality is as would be Even the twentieth-century vehicle landing HMNZS BLACKPOOL, on loan from the Royal Navy boats the days of the Ts were numbered. expected, excellent quality to enhance the ship had its early-day antecedents in the Most were broken up, but some were sold reproduction of the old glass plates. form of special vessels built to transport abroad to serve until 1977. The Royal Navy at Malta, V6! Two. 1907 elephants. Auckland to enable (he frigate to remain integral capacity to replenish other RNZN would enable the divers to undertake deep The T Class Submarine spans 150 pages to 1939, is highly recommended to all As such craft proliferated during the fully operational into the next century. A fleet units at sea came to fruition in April diving with the support of compression and illustrated by more than 200 black and readers of The Navy Magazine. Copies can Second World War, it is probably not similar refit was carried out to 1985 when the Government authorised a chambers and associated equipment was white photographs. Well recommended. CANTERBURY commencing in laic 1987. detailed investigation into the acquisition of required. The vessel would also have to have be ordered direct from the publishers at surprising that the Japanese, with their Lodge Hill Liskcard. Cornwall. PL14. 4EL. a suitable vessel to meet the need. The the capability of deep mooring for recovery penchant for putting aircraft aboard nearly The acquisition of the two Royal Navy United Kingdom for 27 pounds plus freight. US Navy 1945 to the outcome was the awarding of a contract in operations. After the inspection of several everything that could float, would carry the Lcanders introduced the Ikara anti concept into a triphibious' mode by July 1986 to Hyundai Heavy Industries in existing vessels world-wide a purpose built Present submarine missile system to (he RNZN. creating three unusual vessels that combined South Korea to build a tanker for the RNZN. diving support vessel used for North Sea The T Class Submarine By PAUL SILVERSTONE together with modern operations room Published by Arms and Armour Press the functions of transport, landing ship and This was to be the first new ship built for the operations was purchased in Scotland. By PAUL J. KEMP technology fitted in HMNZS Review Copy from Capricorn Link, aircraft carrier. RNZN outside the United Kingdom and the Previously named the STAR PERSEUS the Published by Arms and Armour Press SOUTHLAND. HMNZS WELLINGTON Review Copy from Capricorn Link, Australia They were not. however, creatures of the first warship built by Hyundai Shipyard in ship was renamed HMNZS MANAWANUI was filled with the new RCA gunfire control Australia Phce $24.95 navy but of the army, which, suspicious of Ulsan for a foreign Navy. and arrived in New Zealand in late June system, long range fuel tanks and a new Phce $59.95 Reviewed by GAYUNDAH' the UN's logistic and convoy-protection The first steel was cut in FeNnary 1987 1988. The ship is fitted with a triple-lock 250 weapons control system in the biggest refit Reviewed by ROSS GILLETT An enlarged version of the Fotofax competence, acquired just before and during ever undertaken to date by the Naval and HMNZS ENDEAVOUR was handed feel compression chamber and a wet diving series, this booklet is a collection of 189 over to the RNZN in April 1988. The T Class Submarine, subtitled The the Pacific war quite a little fleet of its own, dockyard. bell. It has a 13 tonne capacity crane, full Classic British Submarine, is the story of photos all with extensive captions. The eventually including a couple of escort It is intended that HMNZS WAIKATO Diving Support Vessel workshop facilities, various air compressors the 53 T class boats in service with the illustrations are arranged chronologically carriers and numbers of cargo-carrying will be decommissioned in the 1990s, Since the construction of MANAWANUI and a four point self tensioning mooring British and other Navies from l°37 to with the centre pages devoted to brief submarines. technical details of the major USN units of followed by HMNZS SOUTHLAND. in 1978 by Whangarei Engineering the capability. The previous diving tender has 1977. The three vessels in question were the period since 1945. support requirements for the Operational been renamed HMNZS KAHU and is After many successful wartime patrols, merchantmen converted on the stocks. The Fleet Replenishment Although reproduction of some of (he Diving Team had changed considerably with attached to HMNZS TAMAKI for use as a in which they sank over 500,000 tons of first two Akiisu Maru and Nigitsu Maru. photos could be belter, the overall book is The long-standing requirement for an the expansion of their role. A vessel which seamanship and navigation training vessel. enemy ships, many of the T class were were laid down as passenger liners for well presented and provides good reading. converted to super T$\ rebuilt as Nippon Kaiun KK in 1939 and taken over As well as portraying the ships many streamlined boatv fast and quiet to satisfy incidents of the post war period are by the army in June 1941. As completed, Official Contractors to the Navy the naval needs of the 1950s and 1960s. highlighted including the capture of the they boasted short flight decks with Three of the original and four of the PUEBLO in 1968, Korea. Vietnam, onboard starboard islands amidships and a slightly remodelled boats operated in Australian carrier fires and groundings etc. canted vertical funnel. At 403ft 6in by 73ft waters, the first HMS TELEMACHUS 9in, the flight deck was too short to allow INGHAM INGHAMS ENTERPRISES between 1949 and 1959 and the last HMS The Hybrid Warship landing; aircraft were to be flown off it for TRUMP, from i960 to 1969. All were based SyR.D. LAYMAN and S. McLAUGHLIN service ashore. An open lift at the rear of the PTY LTD in Sydney, initially at HMAS PENGUIN in Published by Conway Maritime Press flight deck connected with a hangar deck Middle Harbour and later at Neutral Bay The Hybrid Warship chronicles the 70 that could accommodate either aeroplanes or (HMAS PLATYPUS) from 1961. PROCESSED POULTRY DIVISION, KURRAJONG ROAD, HOXTON PARK. Tel: 607 0166. Fax: 608 3547 year old quest for a naval unit with big landing craft. Known as the Fourth Submarine Flotilla, guns and air power that would be more Particulars of these vessels were FOR ALL FRESH OR FROZEN CHICKEN the Sydney boats were originally to number cost-effective than separate battleships and Displacement: 11.0001. 9186gn (Akitsu Maru): three, of which one would be under refit in aircraft carriers. 11.8001.9574 on (Nigitsu Maru) FURTHER PROCESSED POULTRY SALES DIVISION, KURRAJONG RD, HOXTON PARK. Tel: 607 9999 Singapore. The first trio selected were HM Some of the more famous attempts to Dimensions: 488ft 6in wl x 64ft 3in x 29ft 9 in FOR A FULL RANGE OF CHICKEN SMALLGOODS. MARINATED AND COOKED AND CRUMBED CHICKEN PIECES Ships TELEMACHUS. THOROUGH and create such ships included HMS FURIOUS to 37ft 9in TACTICIAN in the Great War, the Japanese Machinery: 2 sets geared turbines. A boilers The Navy, July-September, 1991 33 32 The Navy, July-September, 1991 Ballard describes how along with the main Dr Ballard of the Woods Hole army's Kokusai Ki-76 liaison and artillery- been imported in 1939. The shipboard armament, almost all the ship's Occanographic Institute and their locations BOOK REVIEWS spotter plane, a light, two-place 310hp high- version was designated the Ka-ls; to permit BOOK REVIEV superstructure was missing. "Nonetheless if remain a secret. There is now talk of finding wing monoplane with fixed landing gear, it to carry two 1321b depth charges it had to continued continued you put the turrets back on, the ship would the Japanese battleship, Yamato. greatly resembling in form and function the be flown as a single-seater, with the rear Although she only made the one voyage German short take-off and landing gear. cockpit faired over, an example of how. as have looked amazingly like she did in her 2 shafts: 7500-13.OOOsnp = heyday. Bismarck was indeed a wreck, but a into the Atlantic, Bismarck - the pride of the Fieseler Fi-l56 Storch, whose early noted in the previous chapter, the inability of Displacement: 12.0001.9502grt 20-21kts dangerous looking one — still sleek, still German Kriegsmarine, commissioned only successes inspired its design. In late 1943 (he Autogiro to carry substantial weights Dimensions: 491 ft oa x 64ft 3in x 23ft Armament two 3m AA. ten 3in army pattern armed and lethal (still carrying her the year before, is one of the best known the vessel carried seven of these, modified to aloft handicapped it for military service. Machinery: 2 sets geared turbines. 3 or 4 bol field guns, unknown number of secondary armament), still confident of her warships of World War Two. Still when one loft two 1321b depth charges for anti Because their three rotors could be folded ters. 2 shafts: 10.000shp • 20mm AA power". considers her successes in sinking the battle submarine work. They were reportedly fitted horizontally rearward. Akitsu Maru could I9kts Radius, bunkerage and complement unknown. cruiser HMS Hood and damaging the with arresting hooks, but it is not know if carry as many as twenty of these aircraft, Armament: thirteen 3m AA. six 20mm or 25mm It took two years, two separate The field guns were to provide support battleship HMS Prince of Wales with her they attempted landings. Their extensive although it is not known if this many were AA expeditions in I988 and again in 1989 in for the troops during (he first stages of a system of flaps probably would have ever actually embarked. Radius (SOOOnmat 17kts different ships, Starella and Star Hercules, magnificent gunnery and her efforts in tying landing. The ships could carry twenty to allowed touchdown, but the approach would BunKerage and complement unknown. with the same equipment and a painstaking up a large percentage of the British fleet, it thirty aircraft or alternately twenty Daihatsu In her new guise, which superseded an almost certainly have been from the bow. Capacity was twenty-five landing craft survey of 300 kilometres of the seabed was in the proudest German naval traditions. landing craft in the hangar and eight aircraft earlier plan to convert her to a full flight- since the aft derrick masked the after end of stowed below and eight aircraft on deck, or before the princely German battleship was She fought magnificently against superior on deck. The landing boats were handled by deck carrier. Akitsu Mam carried out only a the flight deck. thirty-seven aircraft. There were stem and finally located. odds and went down fighting. tall derricks right aft and to starboard abreast few operational cruises before being sunk by broadside launching doors for the landing Ballard's guiding light was the steel Lavishly illustrated, this book contains the island. There may have been a hinged By mid-1944, as the possibility of the US submarine Queenfish in the boats as well as a stem derrick. Although the framed Argo attached to the end of a five some 400 colour and black and white door at the stern for direct launching, but landing operations decreased and the toll Tsushima Straits on 15 November 1944. (light deck was unimpeded, with dimensions photos, along with paintings - some published sources vary on this point. taken by US submarines rose, the army The Japanese Army's third hybrid. kilometre cable which carried side-scan of 361 ft by 70ft 6in. it was even less capable specially commissioned, maps and diagrams Akitsu Maru was launched on 17 decided to refit Akitsu Maru as an ASW Kumann Maru, was laid down on 15 August sonar, control mechanisms, lights and of landing-on operations than Akitsu Maru with many shots showing sections aboard September 194] and completed on 30 escort carrier, equipping her with the 1944 as a standard M type cargo-transport; television cameras. and Nigiisu Maru; even take-off would have December 1942; Nigiisu Maru was launched Kayaba Ka-1 Autogiro, which thus became while building it was proposed to alter her to Despite having the positions given by the Bismarck prior to its loss and the same been virtually out of the question except for some time h 1942 and completed tn March the first aircraft of its type to see operational the same design as Akitsu Maru and Nigitsu British battleships HM Ships King George V locations today. Many of the underwater the smallest and lightest aircraft. 1943. Little is known of the latter's career wartime service afloat. Maru. but she was ultimately given a and Rodney, along with the heavy cruiser shots of the Bismarck can only be described It is highly doubtful that Kurnano Maru until she was sunk by the US submarine different configuration with a short flush HMS Dorsetshire, finding the Bismarck was as "hauntingly eerie". The aircraft was a 240hp two-place saw any operational service or embarked Hake on 12 January 1944, and it is unclear flight deck and a starboard midships described Dr Ballard as "comparable to This is unquestionably one of the finest reconnaissance and artillery-spotter type aircraft before Japan's surrender only five whether she ever embarked aircraft. horizontal funnel. Her particulars as looking for a needle in a haystack, at night, books I have ever sighted. Apart from being patterned after the American Keller KD-1A months after her completion. She was completed on 30 March 1945 were in a blizzard, with only a torch". a dam good read, it is a superb book to just Akiisu Mam's first aircraft was the Autogiro. a single example of which had employed in postwar repatriation service How the Bismarck sank is fascinating in peruse. The quality of the layouts, design until sold for mercantile use in 1947 and is The Japanese Army ! U 277-289 WOODPARK ROAD, SMITHFIELD, NSW, 2164 135 STUART HWY, (CNR NYLANDER STREET), DARWIN Telephone: (02) 609 7599. Facsimile: (02) 725 1804 Telephone: Darwin 81 8411. Fax: Darwin 81 2070 34 The Navy. July.September. 1991 Th« Navy, July-Saptambaf, 1991 36 with 'how') who. under the leadership of the inspired courage, self-sacrifice and eventual BOOK REVIEWS remarkable Licutenani-Coloncl Ivan Lyon of tragedy - it also exposes the appalling THE MIELE COMMERCIAL continued the Gordon Highlanders, intended to repeat sequence of events which has, until now, the successful Jaywick raid of 1943 by resulted in the shameful suppression of the blowing up sixty ships in Japanese-occupied truth about one of the most amazing stories THEY WORK FLAT OUT. through holh world wars. During (he "Battle Singapore Harbour. Nineteen days later, the to emerge from World War II. of Jutland". WARSPITE was hit 29 limes by preliminary part of the operation Mide'i iMinni.iii.il l.iuinii > nt.K IIMK km- 1- , n wol kin,: hurt enemy fire. Details of these hits together successfully completed, the submarine the world 0*0 fur MR llian HO year*. %rr) frw romp-min (M with personal reminiscences and welt drawn commander farcwelled the raiders at rliiim (IK- kitnl of rx|wri<-iM-r Mi- 1- hav«- I ml' uj> over ihow plots of the action gives the reader an Pcdjantaii Island, promising to return to pick ama/ing insight into that controversial them up in thirty-eight days' time. A handful - i j Vrry !• ••• la mull •- yMrw t.n I'ojtr with tin- Itruvy loail* tin battle. of Chinese and Malays and the conquering • « 1" Iff* • 1 Mi> lr la 1.11 ] 1 Li -ntijiK i.iki- iii lltrir -ii nl.- Details of the many alterations and Japanese were the only people ever to see additions between the wars arc well the twenty-three men again. i .HI -in-: from >k| In •'."-•:• wlulr lli. 1 unit.1- 1 si •.. . cull f-o|M recorded including the major reconstruction Willi lli. mint ili m.imlni.: load*. According to the scant official post-war carried out between 19.14 and 1937 that 1 in- Rotary IroiM-rn ..1 •• |tlit ill an im|>n-aaivr |-il n.. wil record, the mission was an utter failure. All drastically changed WARSPITEs IM.HI- from 15 lo -:'nk;'.li lint riateriiu: for In,- workload* t of the party were captured or killed - ten of appearance. only kill ili. niory. Kurt. Mi. 1. maihinr COMMDM (lie >cr them beheaded in Singapore only five weeks During the Second World War before the Japanese surrender in, it was . 11> ' 1 • •. 1111- k •. With | . 1 • • J < • .! ! 1 .: I WARSPITE operated off Norway where she IP?' Hinli to work hard ami limit to bat. Whirh i,...k. • ik Mirk claimed, a ceremonial execution. The fate of had a very active role during "The Battle of eleven of the others remains officially i-.iti-. of laundry inarhinci u lough ail lo folliiM. 1 .• |MI nl! Narvik", served in the Mediterranean where unknown. when ihry'rr working fhtl mil. her actions included "Calabria". "Bardia". After a thirty-one year search. Major "Cape Maiapan" and "Crete". Off Crete the T« Irani im.rr ik.ut thr tunfr iif Mirk EuulpWnill, plrttC fiplrta- Tom Hall, with the assistance of writer ship's luck ran out and was struck by a • nil 11 hit it thta | ii. Lyncttc Silver, has overturned the official - MH-U- Au.lr.ha I'll l.l.l. I'D Ik. 2*fl. i-Vrntm- t'.ully. \V.3lSo bomb from a German Mcsscrschmitt Me version and uncovered the truth. Aided by THE HEROES OF • 109 fightcr-bombcr with the bomb Namr: Tillr: thousands of Japanese and Allied documents o penetrating the forecastle and exploding » a o and by the first-hand accounts of several between decks, this necessitated a refit in Indonesians and Malays, sole witnesses to Bremerton. USA. Details of the ship's war ItKHK-: the events of 1944, they have established the modifications arc well tabulated as a result onaMMsj'ftafnvsMVofoMof fate of every member of the party and un • • o c Or rati Mirk Mrlk.it mr .11.1. 7(. J 006A of (his refit. Following refit in January. . Wbrtcl VWr r» mo* Goring «** Sjdiw): (02,«1 0M4. Ilruhanr |07)SMI !IKH. TVIlCl^ ravelled the story of The Heroes of Rimau - 1942. WARSPITE was assigned to the A 36 TheNavy. July-September. 1991 Macnaught has the lot! The Navy League of Australia RgTRRCTR Auio Rewind HOB* RMIS Nuclear-Powered Submarines •-> for the POWER-PISTOL AIR OPERATED GREASE GUN Royal Australian Navy? GREASE GUNS BULK FILL/CARTRIDGE \ d POWER-LUBE' AIR OPERATED LUBRICATORS Distributed in Australia by... Castrol Australia Pty Limited A paper written for The Navy League of Australia For further information contact the lubrication specialists (catiM by John C. Grover, OBE, BE, MSc, FRGS, FIEAust, FIMM, FAusIMM, FGS SYDNEY MELBOURNE BRISBANE ADELAIDE PERTH (02)6810800 (03)314 0555 (07)268 0141 (08)49 5888 (09)337 4233 with Rear-Admiral Andrew J. Robertson, AO, DSC, RAN (Retd) published by The League in conjunction with The Navy magazine of July/September 1991 This paper is based on a presentation by John Grouer to the Sydney Branch of the Institution of Engineers Australia on 22 November 1989. Introduction: INTRODUCTION CONTENTS 3 The Naval Use of Nuclear Power for Ship Propulsion 4 How do Diesel-Electric Submarines Compare with Nuclear-Powered Submarines? 5 What are the facts about What About the Nuclear Waste? 7 Nuclear Energy? 7 8 While the nuclear-powering of ships is an issue which can he discussed on its own merits, it is What About the Environmental Impact of often discussed in the context of nuclear power stations as a whole, ft therefore seems Nuclear-Powered Submarines? 9 appropriate to consider briefly the nuclear power question before moving onto the subject of But What About Cost? 10 power for warships. Training and Morale 10 A kilogram of washed Australian coal averages 35 megajuule In spite ol recent finds on the NW Shell of Western Australia, So Why has Australia Not Seriously Considered units of energy. Oil has roughly 38 units. But a kilogram of more discoveries arc needed if Australu is to be even M1', self- Nuclear-Powered Submarines? 10 natural uranium burned in the last neutron breeder reactors of sufficient in Ihc year 2(XX). We could be in serious trouble by then. tomorrow would give more than 24 million megajoule units per 11 kilogram! The difference is 35 versus 24.000.000 units of energy On the other hand Australia has an abundant supply of per kilogram. uranium (as it has of coal), a good reason for discussing nuclear 11 energy and its applicability to us, for part of our future power Thus very small small quantities of uranium, easy to transport production, particularly in remote areas, and for ship propulsion. and store, can replace huge quantities of coal or oil for the production of electricity in power stations or for powering ships. Australia's uranium has more energy potential than all the oil ISBN 0 7316 9062 1 of Saudi Arabia, yet most of it ties undeveloped. While acknowledging ihc vital need for very high standards of design, quality control, construction, training, operation and Despite Chernobyl the world's nuclear power-station safety in nuclear power stations or nuclear-powered ships, this development continues apace. World-wide. 19 large nuclear ; technology has considerable advantages over coal-fired reactors went onto electricity grids in 1989 . Some arc being installations, not only with respect to the bulk of the feedstock decommissioned after 30 years or so. The world total is now 422 used, but also with respect to pollution. with 68 more under construction and another 83 under firm plan (March 1991). The results of failure to observe high safely standards arc obvious, particularly as shown by the Soviet disasters of Prance now has 55 reactors which produce between 75 and 80 Chernobyl and lately Ust-Komcnogorsk. and in Soviet per cent of her electricity, and supply other European countries submarines. including Britain. This is a remarkable achievement, without major incidents. (Eight more reactors arc under construction.) It must be remembered, however, that nuclear facilities arc not alone in posing latent hazards. There have been major disasters in In our general region Japan has 40 operating. 12 more under other areas of production where appropriate standards have not construction. 15 more under firm plan, for a total of 67. been observed, for example in chemical works (such as at Bhopal China has three reactors building and four more on firm plan. in India), and in coal mine explosion disasters all over the world. Taiwan has six reactors operating and two more planned, While much effort is being devoted to reducing pollution from totalling eight. coal, ihc problem s formidable as most 1000 megawatt coal-fired power stations use about 400 tonnes of coal per hour, producing South Korea has nine operating, two building and another the following pollution burned in 4500 tonnes of air: three planned, totalling 14. • carbon dioxide: about 1200 tonnes per hour; India has seven operating, seven more building and 12 more under firm plan, for a total of 2(<. • nitrogen oxides: as from 200.000 motor cars running continuously; Indonesia's first nuclear power station is scheduled for construction in 1995. • organic compounds: about 50. some known to be carcinogens; • radioactive isotopes: about 50. including highly toxic While Sweden had ideas of phasing out nuclear power stations, Protactinium 231 and Radium. the great increase in the price of oil following the invasion of Kuwait has caused a rethink of this policy. Nuclear power stations produce no such pollution and the radioactivity therefrom is much less than from coal-fired stations. But Australia has so far not embraced nuclear energy. We arc (The design allows for the radioactivity in the event of mishaps to therefore to a large extent cut off from this very important be confined to the containment building. Only the Russians have technology of the 20th century and run the risk of technological been building stations generally without such reinforced concrete decline in comparison with our trading partners. buildings, until recent years). While this is of significance to national development, of While oil. being a liquid, is more Ocxiblc as an energy source importance also is the use of nuclear power for the propulsion of than cither coal or uranium because il can be readily piped, it is warships. also polluting, but not quite as seriously as coal. By nuclear propulsion is meant the use of nuclear fuel to heat However, our oil production is set to decline substantially water to produce steam which drives a turbine in the same way as during the 1990s while our consumption increases about 2f£ a coal-fired or oil-fired ship. The nuclear argument is thus about Flfl 1: A smaller-sized modem nuclear-powered submarine under construction. annually (APEA 1990t. heating water for steam and not about nuclear weapons. 2 In 1988 India took delivery of her first Soviet-built nuclear- powered submarine - of six reportedly planned. A second is believed India to get 6 Soviet N-subs to have been handed over in 1989 although there arc contrary reports r~.rrru.Am...... "AUSTRALIAN* 3/S MARCH I98« of the return of the original submarine to the USSR. India's navy, The Naval use of Nuclear based on two aircraft carriers and a force including submarines, escorts and marines, is now the most balanced and powerful in our Power for Ship Propulsion general region. China has four 8000 ton nuclear-powered submarines, with others planned. The historic message from US Submarine Nautilus, "Under way on nuclear power" came in Pakistan is reported' to be acquiring at least one nuclear-powered submarine from China. 1955, more than 35 years ago. Voyages under the North Polar ice-cap signalled a world moving While commercial uses of marine nuclear power are limited to into the nuclear age. Arctic icebreakers and barges and one Japanese cargo ship under test, there arc now more than 370 nuclear-powered warships operating in the navies of six nations. t'hc nuclear-powered submarine'! submerged speed ul 25* knob The is megawatts nuclear reactor ot the Rubis Class requires only While these arc mostly submarines, the Americans have entire could be sustained almost indefinitely with almost tout discretion. about one tonne of fabricated uranium fuel. Carrier Task Forces - carriers, cruisers and escorts - all nuclear- Air-independence made snorkel masls obsolete, lor Nautilus did Depending on operational speeds, refuelling would not be needed powered, thus giving immense flexibility and freedom from liie need not have to slop and raise such a mast to recharge her batteries for years - perhaps once in the submarine's lifetime of about JO for bases or costly and vulnerable tanker support. France also is now Better living conditions included virtually limitless fresh water years'. building a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. from distillation, as well as air conditioning. In 19H5 the Rubis steamed submerged from Toulon via the Cape Maritime nuclear power shares with supersonic aircraft the of Good Hope to Noumea in New Caledonia, where her maintenance FIQ3: Editorial For the first time since the days of sail, nuclear power gave navies distinction of having been a most remarkable success. vessels whose range was limited only by the endurance ol machinery, tender joined her a few weeks later. But no maintenance was needed supplies and crew and not by luel. on the nuclear plant side, and only minor attention to the non-nuclear Nuclear power lor submarines has now been accepted by the steam turbine circuit, which was not beyond the resources of the USA. Britain. France, the I SSR. China. India and probably Pakistan. crew. Launched in 1460. Britain's first nuclear-powered submarine. The Rubis then steamed submerged to Tahiti, and thence HMS Dreadnought, displaced 4000 tons dived. submerged lor 35 days back to Toulon. How do Diesel-Electric Her largest nuclear-powered submarines are the four Resolution In her underwater circumnavigation she covered 32.500 nautical Class carrying long-range ballistic missiles and displacing 7500 tons miles at a mean transit speed of 15 knots'. dived. A dicsel-electric submarine could not have undertaken this Submarines Compare with The Russian double titanium hulled Alpha Class SSN has a venture without support from shore-bases or surface ships for reported world record speed of about 40 knots submerged, a ul can refuelling and probably diesel maintenance. It would hive taken operate at a depth of 700 metres. Built in the 1960s, it has several perhaps three times as long. Nuclear-Powered? tunes the power ol the US nuclear-powered subitum -s (SSNs). The largest submarines in the world are the Soviet nuclear- that many doubt whether diesel-electric submarines using powered T\phoon Class of 26,500 tons dived, each about half the si/c Diesel-electric submarines similar to our present Oberon class are silent when running on snorkel masts could survive for long in modern war against a of the Battleship I SS Missouri, ? recent visitor to Sydney Harbour- well-equipped and trained enemy. The exposure of any mast Lately one nuclear-pt/wered submarine was being launched every their batteries. At tour knots they can cruise for above the surface considerably increases the risk. lew weeks by the Soviets, whose nuclear fleet totalled about 22y about a day and a half submerged - say 150 compared with 13.1 in the USA. according to the 1990 Jane's Towards the end of World War II. faced by experienced radar- Fighting Ships However, numbers were being cut back in 1990 - in nautical miles in still water. However, normally equipped corvettes, destroyers, escort aircraft carriers and shore- older boats - as superpower tension cased. they need to "snort" - to raise the snorkel-mast based aircraft, only two out of every 10 German U-boats which France launched in 1967 the first of her nuclear-powered - after about 12 hours to gel air to the noisy set out could be expected to return. New Captains, even with submarines: l.e Redoutahle displacing 9000 tons submerged. She veteran crews, stood little chance of returning from their first now has eleven nuclear-powered submarines, five of which arc the fast-revving diesci engines in order to recharge patrols. This was mainly because they had to surface to charge very interesting small Ruhis class. batteries. Ventilation and replenishment of the batteries. The snorkel system in the newer U-Boats reduced the Initially built around large reactors, nuclear-powered submarines atmosphere is a by-product of that action. detection rate. were too large and too expensive for smaller nations to consider. But the overall figures arc revealing: of the 842 conventional So in 1955, the year of the Nautilus, France began thinking about At a top speed of about 22 knots, modern diesel-electric diesel-electric V-Boats which saw action, 7NI were lost - 93*. nuclear power for the propulsion of smaller vessels comparable in submarine batteries would last about one hour - from Garden Their crews suffered 85% losses. si/e and cost with the newest designs of diesci-electric submarines. Island they would be able to reach Palm Beach with a flat A new nuclear boiler concept with its steam generator placed battery The modem dicsel-electric submarine, while of better above and within the reactor achieved a silent primary water endurance and armament, and much quieter, still has serious They would then require to snort to recharge batteries for circulation by convection. limitations: slow continuous submerged speed and a significant several hours. For speeds up to 18 knots this eliminated the need for primary "indiscretion ratio". booster pumps, the major radiatednois e factor in nuclear-powered While charging, the submarine listening capability is The Swedish Kockums diesel-electric submarines now being submarines until then. It also occupied less space. degraded and it moves very slowly. It is vulnerable to detection partly built in South Australia will be among the bcsi equipped This concept has been proven in the Rubis. first tested in 1975. of its snort masi by radar, by the recognition of its gases and most modern dicsel-electric submarines in the world. and in the Amethyste. the latest version fitted with updated exhausted into the atmosphere and by the noise from the diesci Additionally, air-independence is a possible development, using technology and weapon and sensor systems. generators. a Stirling Heal Engine and liquid oxygen supply - some of In the natural convection mode the submarine runs silently'. The Most modern dicsel-electric submarines operating at five which is used for air purification in conjunction with carbon noise of reduction gearing has been eliminated by electrical dioxide removal. transmission: the steam turbine drives alternators which power an knots would have to "snort" for about 7% of the time, and at 10 electric motor on the propcllor shaft. knots for about 20*3 of the time. This is known as the Invented by a Scottish Presbyterian Minister more than a The Rubis' reported top speed of about 25 knots submerged is, of "indiscretion ratio", a measure of the risk or detection. century ago. the Stirling Engine runs on a mixture of oils and course, less than that of the more powerful and larger British oxygen, exhausting into the sea. The first Stirling unit was In practice they would "snort" in bursts to minimise the installed in the dicsel-electric Swedish submarine Nachen for Trafalgar (5200 tonnes) and the US Los Angeles (7000 tonnes) class possibility of being detected. submarines. But 25 knots continuously is an enormous improvement maintaining batteries at full charge while operating at very slow over the limited endurance at speed of the latest dicsel-electric Equipment for detecting submarines was already well speeds, preferably four knots. submarines. Fig 2: The Rubis Class Submarine's Nuclear Boiler advanced 50 years ago and recent improvements have been such Continued on Page 6 A Nuclear fuel 1 contained m reactor vessel 2 boils What about the the primary water 3. This water circulates by natural convection into the steam 11 10 9 6 5 4 generator 4 and causes Nuclear Waste? the evaporation of the secondary water S to feed the turbines I. The secondary water is cooled The technology for handling and storing waste m the condenser 7 before 1 being returned to the —ir~ Jj from nuclear reactors is now a reality. steam generator Each f turbine drives two alternators I and •- The ^\ Before the fuel is sent for reprocessing it is stored in water propulsion alternator 9 until about 85*3 of the radioactivity has been dissipated. It is then produces the necessary m separated and the waste stored in tanks until about 99% of the electricity for the main radioactivity has decayed. Dried out. it emerges as a black sand electric motor 10 that which is mixed with glass "frit" and heated until molten. drives the propeller 11. 8 1 2 1 3 Power alternator I 7 provides the necessary Since July 1978 the "high active" nuclear waste has been electricity for the ships services commercially treated in (his way at Marcoulc in France. It is then poured into stainless steel containers where it cools to resemble Fig 4: Ftutxs Class Nuclear Submarines Electric Motor Propulsion System. glassy lava. In 1981 one Ol the authors observed how it was done in the "hot cell" - watching through a window of glass one me're thick. The scaled containers were lifted from the "hot cell" and While it would greatly increase underwater endurance at low Given our two-coast defence policy, the great distances lowered into wells in the floor of the outside hall. Red lids speeds, if offers no solution to covering Australia's vast between our bases and our northern areas, and the ever-present indicated waste connistcrs below, one atop the other. There were distances quickly. possibility of last-minute decisions in a democratic society, this rapid reaction capability could be of great importance to enough wells for thirty years of waste from the French nuclear Nor docs it overcome the other disabilities inherent in lack of Australia. industry, for the quantities per year from each reactor were very sustainable high speed and low endurance at high speed. It is not small. at present planned to fit this system in Australian submarines. In addition, because of the speed of deployment, more time Australia's own nuclear waste disposal method SYNROC has The Captain of even a modern diesel-electric-powered can be spent on patrol. Sustained silent speed means that larger submarine is forever concerned at the state of his batteries. areas can be patrolled in the same time as a slower diesel- also been well-studied and researched. Although, if fined with modern long-range missiles, these electric submarine. disadvantages arc reduced, he will often still be unable to It should be remembered that the waste from a nuclear- intercept fast targets or chase at high speed, or to escape by As a rough rule, to deploy two submarines continuously on powered submarine after many years is only about the size of a using maximum speed for more than an hour or so - which is patrol needs a total force of five nuclear-powered or eight car battery. This could be easily dealt with overseas if facilities diesel-electric with similar detection equipment*. not very satisfactory. were not developed in Australia. The limitations caused by his battery capacity prevent him Under some circumstances nuclear-powered submarines have Disposal into the sea of solid tow-level radioactive wastes from keeping up with surface warships or merchant vessels and a higher chance of survival than do diesel-electric submarines. (contaminated bags, cloths, clothes, resins, etc) has been thus he cannot act as an escort. He cannot be deployed at high For example the higher speed of nuclear-powered submarines speed submerged in an emergency, and he uses dicsel fuel, prohibited in the US since 1970. This material is packed and could sometimes enable them to outrun torpedoes fired at them. which could be in short supply, for charging his batteries. shipped to Nuclear Regulatory Commission burial sites. V Similarly, provided conditions enable them to use their high Fig 5: Marcoule, France: storage wells for nuclear waste glass & In contrast, small nuclear-powered submarines can steam speed, they can evade or escape more easily. 77ii« high and low radioactive nuclear waste disposal seems melting with trir and pouring (as a molten rock) into stainless I" submerged and sustain high speed for thousands of miles no longer to be a major technological problem. containers. without stopping - with very little indiscretion. Their mobility Objections to nuclear-powered submarines, highlighted in the and small si/c inhibits detection. press, state that they arc "noisy" and "too large to operate in shallow waters". This is no longer true. With their modern nuclear steam generators, convection cooling up to a speed of about 18 knots, and very powerful electric motor drive, they arc silent in operation and they do not The Rubis Class nuclear-powered submarine can go anywhere require refuelling for years. a similar-sized diesel-electric submarine can go. It is neither What if a Nuclear-Powered noisy nor too targe. Thus they are very flexible in operation and there is no need Submarine is Sunk? for the Captain to worry about conserving energy in a wartime Nuclear-powered submarines are considered so superior to situation. diesel-electric submarines that the VS Navy has refused to build The only information on this comes from US sources. Submerged for decades, scientific opinion is that they would not While they have a slightly larger crew than a diesel-electric any more of the latter for itself or for its Allies. (Other countries, The USS "Thresher" (1963) went down I60km from land in release fission products. submarine of comparable size, and a slightly higher running however, continue to build them.) waters 2590 metres deep, and the USS "Scorpion" (1968) 64km SW cost, operational advantages far outweigh these considerations. of the Azores at a depth of more than 3050 metres. The corrosion rate with salt water exposed to the air might be a The only war experience with nuclear-powered submarines few millionths of an inch per year, but completely submerged it Independent of air. they arc faster for virtually unlimited Water and sediment samples were taken close to the sunken was in the Falklands War. Britain's nuclear-powered submarine would remain intact indefinitely. distances, they could never run short of fuel in operations: they HMS Conqueror steamed from the North Atlantic at high speed submarines (the only ones lost by the US Navy), and analysed soon make no call on possibly short diescl fuel supplies; and they can submerged for 6500 miles, then shadowed and sank a cruiser afterwards. New samples were taken much later. No radioactivity was The Western countries' design criteria are superior to those for escort shipping (but not protect against air attack). when ordered to do so. With others, she bottled up Argentina's found in excess of that which occurs naturally. their land-based reactors. It is hard to see how fission products could They can go places submerged in about one-third the time of Navy for the rest of the war - a convincing demonstration of the Built-in safety features are designed to ensure that the reactor core escape from the very thick special-steel reactor pressure vessel. a diesel-electric submarine and thus can be deployed quickly speed of deployment, flexibility and deterrent power of nuclear- cannot explode like a bomb. Fuel rods are solid metal alloy rounds (Soviet design standards in their earlier submarines seem to have from ocean to ocean if necessary. powered submarines. which cannot leak and arc corrosion-resistant, even in sea water. been to some extent inferior to those of the US, Britain and France.) 6 What about What about the Radioactivity Environmental Impact of Effects on the Crew? Nuclear-powered Submarines? Ambient radiation is continuously monitored in the USN. The total radiation exposure in 1983 for The environmental impact of US nuclear wastes in all ports and harbours from 142 nuclear all US submariners was only 1/4 of that in 1966, as shown in Figure 6. powered vessels', was less than 0.002 curies in 1983 - a remarkable achievement. (A curie is the radiation given off by a gram of radium'.) 140 IX- m- ISO* * no - H0- .*•' NUM8EH Of SHIPS , y • 100' 3 uu .».-•' - 2b 000 ^ ^*- • "1 s IIU C "- a jr Ml • KM • - 20.000 5 u 70 THOUSANDS OF i m . CUIIIC fUlfTtAH •JO • ^ NUMUtR Of SHIPS I Ea o S tiu V-^ 1 - 16.000 S » /\ 5 70- \ X ^. TOTAL MAN RfcM/YEAH / • / / I § -o • K>' \ / V^ i o 12 Is >• X S 2 H - - 10.000 P - 30- '20- *u / / j 30- - f>000 20- ry 1 P •r M •• 'o n n rj u n n n fj •o •• 10- FIS7 Two-thousandths of a curie is so small that if it were possible to 390 picocurie units of radioactivity per litre, about the same as beer. i 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 drink all this annual discharge of waters at once, one would not exceed (A picocurie = 10* curies.) Al tal 6/ 63 b 4 fait M 6/ WJ b3 70 71 72 73 74 ft /6 71 7U 7 the future provision of nuclear- Together with ihe new diescl-elcctric submarines, if effectively powered submarines in the defence budget itself. Such a decision would give a huge boost to morale, an Clearly if the Govemmeni of ihe day gave either of these priorities incentive to service in our submarine forces, improve the sufficient emphasis, the money could be provided noting thai il would not retention rate of sailors, and provide the RAN with some real be required for some years, by which time the nation should have teeth. ENDNOTES emerged from its current economic malaise. (1) ANSTO: Quarterly Review of Overseas Events for September (9) Council for Environmental Quality (CEQ) R<"x>rt to the US 1989. June 1990 and October 1990. Only for reactors >30 MWe. President. Oct 1970: Ocean Dumping: a Natic Policy. (2) Commander N.S. Stewart. RN (retd). FRINA. MIMechE: (10) US Public Law 92-532: Marine Protection. Research and Technical Aspects of Nuclear Submarines for the Poyal Sanctuaries Act of 1972. Australian Now a lecture to ihe Australian Nuclear Association. (11) Report 658. Nat Acad of Sci, Nal Rsch Ccl: Radioactive Waste So why has Australia not seriously i2 March 1985. Disposal from Nuclear Powered Ships. 1959. (3) Perhaps al the half-life 15-year refit. The new core would nol be (12) See (6* on left. considered the acquisition of dangerous. The used one would be kept in a pool of water, later trans-shipped in a walcr-coolcd container, a well-organised (13) The Uranium Information Centre, GPO Box 1649N, Melbourne, procedure in ships regularly plying between Japan and Europe. Vic 3001. Nuclear-Powered Submarines? (4) Brttingtr "The Rt/B/5-Class SSN" in Defence 2000. 13.12.85 (14) (a) The refusal of refuelling facilities to a US Navy observer p6. aircraft during the MX Missile tests in the Pacific. The refusal of dockyard facilities in NSW to some British (5) In NAVINTof 28 September 1990, page 8. (bj The failure to inform ihe public on nuclear power issues has been compounded by consistent media warships. (6) It is misleading to compare a 2400 T diesel electric submarine promotion of the emotional arguments, by confusion with nuclear weapons, and by official measures (c) The tug bans after anti-nuclear demonstrations, when with a large American nuclear-powered submarine. Valid thousands of British sailors who had been invited to which have militated against a balanced perspective. comparison is only possible between diesel-electric and the Melbourne's Bicentennial Celebrations were unable to nuclear submarine having (he same sized and shaped body. land. For example, the Cain Government of Victoria, soon after its first Books on nuclear power arc not readily available in French calculations indicate that over 30 years the nuclear Rubis election lo office, was reported as having insiructed ihe Departs -ni libraries. operation costs about 37% more than the diesel-electric While some of these incidents have been related to the of Industry, Technology and Resources to cease distributing 10 The lack of public debate and censorship of information by equivalent. But the cost per day at sea over the same area al possible carriage of nuclear weapons, there have been cases enquirers primed information on the peaceful uses of nuclear energy omission has led to disinformation and confusion on all nuclear much greater speed is only about 3% more. The cost per square of allied nuclear-powered vessels being harassed. and return it all to ihe Uranium Information Centre". matters, and to ill-informed reactions and breaches of normal km patrolled is much less. (15) The Chief of the Defence Force had suggested that nuclear- civilised behaviour with international ramifications". powered submarines should be considered for the RAN Public enquiries were thereafter 10 be referred lo the Movement (7) See Environmental Monitoring and Disposal of Radioactive This has earned us a shameful reputation with those Western according to a report in the Sydney Morning Herald of 16.5.88 Against Uranium Mining, The Australian Conservation Foundation Wastes from US Naval Powered Ships and their Support Allies who had been our proieciors. friends and brothcrs-in-arms in ("Beazley sidesteps nu< • ar sub debate"). The Chief of Naval and ihe Centre. Facilities, Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. Dcpt of the former times. Staff had also argued tor "a study of the nuclear-powered Navy. Washington, DC. The "Victorian Government Nuclear Prohibitions Act" is still law, // seems clear that the main opposition to the acquisition of option" according to The Australian of the same date ("Hawke as is a similarly restrictive law in NSW initiated by the Wran nuclear-powered submarines centres on a tow level of public (8) The number of disintegrations per second being officially swamped by water hazards"). Government, the "Uranium Mining and Nuclear Facilities understanding of the issues involved, and on perceived political defined as 3.7 x 10'*. (16) Possibly with Tomahawk weapons. (Prohibitions) Act 1986" - which seems lo outlaw uranium. attitudes". 10 11 OCTOBER-DECEMBER, 1991 THE NAVY The magazine of THE NAVY LEAGUE OF AUSTRALIA Fig 9: Detail of one ol RUBIS's hull hatches being opened. The presence of these hatches allows maintenance and conversions to be performed without openings being cut in the pressure resistant hull- 'RubisV'Amclh) sic' 'Trafalgar' Obcron' Tonnage (submerged) 2.600 5,200 2.400 Length Weapons -Uorpcdocs. L missile-.! 18 2l> 20 2Ati Speed (ku) - max. (suben.) 25 t 32 + 11 {burst) Transit 15-20 15-20 7 Divingdcplh (mi 100-i KX) t 200 + Crew 66 97 64 SIZP compansons of two nuclear-powered submarines with Oberon Class - ••• • m Printed and Published by ' •**- •- - 862 Elizabeth Slrect. UftL.d Waterloo, NSW 2017 VIEWPOINT NAVAL MATTERS PERCIVAI. HMAS PROTECTOR ANTI-SUBMARINE VESSELS PUBLISHING Phone: 319 6231 ' BOOK REVIEWS FOUDRE NAVAL NEWS UPDATE CO PTY LTD (Incorporated mNSW) SYDNEY SCENE i tk VHMI it's gotta go lint g 148 CARRINGTON STREET, 370 una Bourka Straal. Matjouma. 3000 O'CONNOR, WA, 6163 Phona: (03) 670 4321 ADCLAIM NAVAL 2nd Floor. 97 Curna Slraat. AOaJaJda 5000 Phona (08) 231 8225 HEALTH Food Manufacturers & Exporters "You Can't Buy Better than Anchor" BENEFITS 3rd Floor. 480 Ann Slraat. Bnabana 4000 Phona (07) 832 2531 .SOCIETY^ Telephone: The epinions or assertions ei pressed in articles in "The Navy"»te Ihote ol Ihe authors and are no! necessarily (hose ol the Federal (09) 337 3911 Council ol The Navy League ol Australia, the Editor ol Trie Ntvy' or The Royal Australian Navy A REGISTERED Fax: OUR FRONT COVER PHOTOGRAPH HEALTH BENEFITS ORGANISATION (09) 337 3509 HMAS PROTECTOR (RAN) (INSET) — HMAS DERWENT after her $18 million relit (LSPH Scott Connolly) The Navy. October-December, 1991 1 #»##* #~f#o#### (A Division of Nestle Australia Ltd) Appreciate their Long Association as Suppliers of Quality Food Products to the Royal Australian Navy NAVY LEAGUE 277-289 WOODPARK ROAD, SMITHFIELD, NSW, 2164 Telephone: (02) 609 7599. Facsimile: (02) 725 1804 RAMBLINGS Looking hack over the past few issues of THE NAVY the writer notes that foreign affairs and defence have Current Suppliers to the Department been the topics discussed in the "presidential" part of Viewpoint. More than twelve months have passed since Navy League affairs received a mention and that concerned completion of the video "The Sea and of Defence Australia". The writer feels if is time to comment on League matters again, starting with the video. "THE SEA AND AUSTRALIA" ll surely a success story. THE NAVY LEAGUE OF NEW ZEALAND, which has been Conceived us an enjoyable way young Australians could discover the heavily involved in Sea Cadet activities for many years, proposes to DUNLOP way ilk sea influences their lives, the video has now been supplied broaden its interests and has invited the writer to be guest speaker at a tree ol* charge to over 2500 secondary schools throughout Australia. conference to be held in Auckland in mid-October. This invitation Apart from the inlcrest created among school sludems, one of the has been accepted (although an invitation to fish in the icy waters of most gratifying features has been the support received by the Navy the South Island before returning is "on-hold"). BEDDING League from educational authorities nationwide. These visits and invitations arc mentioned as a reminder that Navy INGERSOLL-RAN• D Educational arrangements vary in Australia and for this reason Leagues are active in many countries and our common interests distribution had to be undertaken on a State and Territorial basis. Tins provide an excellent opportunity for information exchanges and a 536 CLAYTON ROAD Engineered Equipment Sector involved several "launches" several of which were attended by the better understanding of the problems that no country today is without. writer, the last being in Darwin in July. On each of these occasions Not least the maritime countries of which Australia is one. CLAYTON, VIC, 3168 Leading Australian Manufacturer the League's initiative has been acclaimed by those present. A disappointing feature has been media disinterest. Darwin being an and Supplier of exception. »ilh print and radio attention. Manufacturers of. . . Shipboard Pumps, High Pressure and Indicative of the wider appeal of "The Sea and Australia", iU*tf^^ • Sleepmaker • Slumberland Low Pressure Air Compressors and representatives of organisations present at launch functions, including Federal President Complete through life support members of the RAN. subsequently ordered copies of the video for • Simmons • Lullaby • Serta & BBB their own purposes and these have been supplied at very reasonable cost. A limited number of copies arc still available and anyone Head Office: interested should contact their local Navy League secretary; names »'i»»t"fn»itil Further Enquiries Please Telephone and addresses arc listed in the adjoining block. Mr Barry Bonnell FRANKSTON ROAD DARWIN: As mentioned the writer recently visited the Northern Territory, his first visit for more years than he cares to remember. DANDENONG Darwin must surely be the most cosmopolitan city in Australia: Dear Sir. (03)551 1155 Indeed one has the impression of more traffic between Darwin and In the review of "Battleship Warspite' there are a number of or Facsimile Phone: (03) 794 1611 Asia than wilt) Southern Australia. The city's splendid shopping omissions and inaccuracies. The mention of damage to 'Warspite' at centres (and the casino) arc a great attraction. Jutland is misleading in that she was struck 15 limes by heavy shell - not 29. the other hits were by light calibre. A steadily increasing Army and Air Force presence, together with Fax: [03) 794 9659 While it is true that she was badly damaged during the Crete (03) 551 8241 a sizeable naval contingent which includes the hard-worked patrol campaign, she was much more severely damaged at Salerno when a boat crews, cause Territorians to be more conscious of the Services 'Fritz' radio guided bomb penetrated the deck armour and exploded lhan other capitals. The civil and military' communities appear to be in one of the boiler rooms, blowing a hole in the bottom while integrating extremely well. another damaged with a near miss. After a difficult journey back to PETROS CONSTRUCTION SERVICE A visit to the beautifully kepi Adelaide River war cemetery was a the UK she was partly patched up for bombardment duty for the sobering experience and one not to be missed by visitors to the Normandy invasion. Returning to UK for gun barrel replacement she Territory. " Interior and Exterior Painting " Decorating, Repairs and Maintenance Work * Domestic, Commercial, Industrial detonated an acoustic mine on the way and was further damaged. QUALIFIED TRADESMEN - PAPER HANGING To continue wiih the "visits" theme, the NATIONAL Again patched up, she was sent back to bombardment duty - at this PRESIDENT OF THE NAVY LEAGUE OF THE UNITED Proud Contractor to the Royal Australian Navy - HMAS Coonawarra stage she had only 3 turrets in operation and was running on three STATES. Mr. Alvin Cobb, accompanied by his wife, arrived in shafts. Australia in January in the course of a visit to a number of countries Also Available for all other Defence Force Work, Contracts or Casual Throuhgout the Northern Territory Of 'The Discovery of the Bismarck' - all one can say about this in our region. Mr. and Mrs. Cobb met Navy League Office-bearers in work is that it is superlative. Unfortunately, at $49.95, it is too highly Cairns, Sydney. Canberra, Melbourne, Perth and Darwin before priced for my modest pocket. Mention is made in the review of the 9 CLAYMORE CIRCUIT, BRINKIN, 0810 moving on to Singapore. possibility of finding the 'Yamato', The 'Yamato' was located and NO JOB TOO SMALL OR TOO BIG Subsequently the writer and several others received invitations to surveyed in August 1985 - the hull, broken into several pans, lies attend the NLUS annual convention at Anaheim in May, and in June about 150 kilometres southwest of Kagoshima. a "strategy forum" at the Naval War College, Rhode Island. Yours faithfully. Telephone: (089) 27 0556 Unfortunately it was not possible for these invitations to be accepted Bill Erteberg but it is understood they arc to be CMcndcd again next year. Gymea Bay NSW 2227 2 The Navy, October-December, 1991 The Navy, October-December, 1991 3 NAVAL NEWS NAVAL NEWS — CONTINUED Australia to continue 1941 - 50 vcars alter graduating from the within the RAN in January I. I9K5." RAN College themselves joined the I0U0 Admiral MacDougall said his Naval presence in the family and friends at CRESWELL lor the predecessor had announced sweeping passing out ceremony changes in the range of jobs available for Gulf women in the Service in March 1990. Australia Mill continue ils tout J ihuliuii "Perhaps the most significant change was Ui tin' Multi-national Naval Korce iMNKl Royal Australian Navy (he opening up of a variety of sea billets to enforcing United Nat loss sanctions to abolish female rank women." he said, "and it recognises that against Iraq, the Minister fur Defence, women have served with distinction in ihc Senator Robert Ray, has announced. titles most recent Gulf commitment." Senator Ray said ihc guided missile The Royal Australian Navy abolished VADM MacDougall said, however, that frigste HMAS SYDNEY will replace all remaining female ranks .ii ihc end of while 'WRAN' and the female ranks would HMAS DARWIN deployed in the Arabian August. be obsolete on September I. the distinction Gulf. From September 1. the acronym in mode of address to female superior WRAN' disappeared from the Royal officers will be retained. 'HMAS SYDNEY will be deployed in Australian Navy lexicon: the same ranks "They will still be 'Ma'am' rather than the Red Sea where its presence will be will apply to all irrespective of sex ... 'Sir'." he said. "There has always been an particularly important to ihc UN operation," The changes (in ascending order of rank) emphasis on discipline bui there's more Senator Ray said equality of opportunity and more "It is in the Red Sot recognition of the where all the receui contribution made by boarding operations have women in ihc Service taken place. m*9 x. ^» now than ever before." "Between June 4 and t ,-W^ Admiral July 3 this year. 165 MacDougall believes ships were boarded and the rank titles changes 10 diverted." reflect an era of Commissioned in enlightenment in the 1983, HMAS SYDNEY Royal Australian Navy. Three sisters, seen together for the last time off the WA coast From left. HMAS SWAN. HMAS DERWENT and HMAS STUART The latter is armed with a 76mm spent her last day at sea on 31 May (ABPH N. Brent) gun. Standard anti-air missiles. Harpoon ami- Kuwait of duty to the Gulf - had in recent months Normally based at the home of the coincide with ihc arrival home from a south ship missiles, a close-in provide escort lo merchant vessels allowing Australian Submarine Squadron at HMAS east asian deployment of HMAS OXLEY. weapons system and Government them access along Ihc cleared channels PLATYPUS in Sydney, Captain Dickcnbcrg It is intended lo arrange more regular and carries a Seahawk invites through the minefields to another Kuwait was invited lo cut a symbolic chain with a formal visits by Captain Dickenbuig and his helicopter. Australian port. Ash Shuaybah. about 40 kilometres lo pair of boll cullers lo gain admission lo his senior Submarine Squadron staff officers. Senator Ray said that ihc south of Kuwait City. new west coast office. Currently this is planned to be on a 6-8 week Australia Mould continue sailors The RAN's Clearance Diving Team 3 For Ihc inaugural visit Captain cycle and each visil comprising 4-5 people to contribute lo ihc Officers and crew was prominent in the major clearance Dickcnbcrg was accompanied by three staff will include (he Squadron Commander. Multi-national Na of the Australian operation lo have Ash Shuaybah rc-opened members. The visit was also designed to Construction will commence on the new Force as long as there guided missile frigate for shipping after the cessation of hostilities was a useful role to play (FFG), HMAS HMAS SYDNEY, August 1991 (B. Morrison) and numerous improvised explosive devices m enforcing sanctions. DARWIN, were ashore rendered safe. The sanctions will not be lifted until Iraq • WRAN Recruit to Recruit; invited by the Kuwait (Government to "The re-opening of Ash Shuwaikh will fully complies with all the conditions • WRAN to Seaman attend a reception to celebrate the re* also provide Ihe opportunity lor Kuwait lo outlined by the UN. • Senior WRAN to Able Seaman: activation of a port following a post-war commence oil exports once again. CMDR • Leading WRAN to Leading Seaman; clean-up in the Arabian Gulf. Bell said, "although perhaps in a somewhat • Petty Officer WRAN to Pciiy Officer Many of Ihc 230 ship's company Passing Out Parade limited capacity at this stage." A flypast of Seahawk helicopters and • Chief Petty Officer WRAN lo Chief attended Ihe reception during a visit to Ash music by a Defence band marked the Pci;y Officer; and Shuwaikh in Kuwait City on 14 August. Australian Submarine graduation of 160 officers in courses from • Warrant Officer WRAN to Warrant DARWIN represented Australia. Other Commander Moves HMAS CRESWELL, the Royal Officer. Multinational Naval Force ships included Australian Naval College at Jen is Bay on The Chief of Naval Staff, Vice Admiral the United Stales, Danish. Norwegian. West 16 August. Ian MacDougall. said the change will be the Bahrain. Saudi Arabian. United Kingdom The Commander of the Australian The Chief of Naval Staff. Vice Admiral last of a scries to remove the distinctions m and French Navies. Submarine Squadron, Captain John Ian MacDougall, reviewed the parade which title between male and female members of The Commanding Officer of HMAS Dickenberg opened a new era Tor the included officers who passed the the Service. DARWIN. Commander Martyn Bell, said Royal Australian Navy in Western Supplementary List and Special Duties "The separate ranks used for female the harbour at Ash Shuwaikh had finally Australia when he commenced working Officers' Courses and Junior Naval commissioned officers were deleted from been cleared of mines and other debris to a from a temporary office in the Naval Command Course. In addition lie presented the Navy List of officers in January 10X0," level acceptable for Ihe operation of Headquarters located at the HMAS prizes to students who had excelled. he said, "and the Women's Royal Australian merchant ships. STIRLING fleet support facility from The RANs new submarine school at HMAS STIRLING (LSPH Scott Connolly) Eight retired RAN officers from the Year Navy ceased lo exist as a separate Service He said DARWIN - on her second tour Monday, 5 August. 4 The Navy, October-December. 1991 The Navy, October-December, 1991 5 NAVAL NEWS— CONTINUED NAVAL NEWS — CONTINUED Construction will commence on the new WJTT ' *• '' ±* RAN Submarine Squadron Headquarters il Presentation of Peter HMAS STIRLING next month and ihc building ii expected to he completed m 12 Ballesty Memorial months Trophy The prime aims of the proposed visits The Peter Ballesty Memorial Trophy are: was recently presented to TS a. Progress Ihc necessary liaison between VENDETTA. Coifs Harbour. NOCWA Headquarters. HMAS STIRLING The Trophy is a perpetual trophy donated and the Submarine Squadron in developing by the New South Wales Division of the plans and submissions relevant to the move Navy League of Australia in memory of its of the Squadron to Western Australia, and former President. Commander Peter Ballesty b. Enhance the liaison between HMAS RD RANR. It is awarded annually to the STIRLING and the Squadron in the Naval Reserve Cadet Unit in New South management support for the WA-bascd Wales exhibiting the most proficiency in HMAS OXLEY Seamanship. The Trophy is a scale model of HMAS Gull welcome home ARCHER, an Attack Class Patrol Boat, at and Sydney Navy one lime commanded by Commander Ballesty and attached to the Sydney Port Week Division of ihc RANR, of which Thousands of Sydneysiders flocked to Ex HMAS rARRAMATTA with the decommissioned COOK at Garden Island. Commander Ballesty was the Commanding Circular Quay to visit the Gulf warships August 1991 (R. Gillett) Officer. The model was constructed by BRISBANE and SYDNEY during Navy Lieutenant Michael P. Richards NRC who Week in August. being sold for scrap by AUSSALES the Malaysian Navy corvette LEKIR and had at one lime served with Commander The unscasonally warm weather attracted Commonwealth sales agency. The new support ship MAHAWANGSA also came Ballesty. big crowds who were eager to inspect the owners. Siloolca Steels of Karachi, arc alongside. A colour photograph, suitably framed of award is engraved on the base plate of ihc On the day of the presentation, a full ships and enjoy the Navy bands, ceremonial Parade of all members of TS VENDETTA making arrangements to tow the ships to The ships also exercised with RAN units and inscribed, is presented to the winning actual model which is housed permanently sunsets and displays by the physical training was held and was witnessed by the local Pakistan. before sailing for Auckland to participate in Unit and ihc name of the Unit and the date in NRC Headquarters, HMAS WATSON. team. A highlight was the colourful licet State member, the Mayor of Coffs Harbour, YARRA and PARRAMATTA were two the Royal New Zealand Navy's 50th entry by six RAN ships who were escorted representatives from service organisations of six River class destroyer escorts built in anniversary fleet review in October. Several up the harbour by scores of pleasure craft. and relatives and friends of the Cadets. It is Australia between 1957 and 1970. Built as Australian ships arc also taking part in the The weekend ended with the highly of interest to note (hat TS VENDETTA has sister ships, they were similar to (he British NZ celebrations. successful welcome home parade along recently been named as (he Most Efficient Type 12 frigate although their design was George Street for the defence personnel who NRC Unit in New South Wales. modified to incorporate improvements in served in the Gulf. Watched by tens of equipment and habitability. Tartan Terror* loses thousands of cheering supporters, the parade Protector - Both served with distinction in the RAN. was a fitting tribute to the 1500 men and teeth making three trips each to Vietnam on escort charity concert women who served in the Gull. The decommissioned destroyer escort duties. PARRAMATTA has been laid up at STUART's 4.5-inch gun turret was Garden Island since being decommissioned The Navy's trials and safety ship Old timers sold removed from the ship which was last January. HMAS PROTECTOR and patrol boat Regular users of Sydney Harbour will alongside at the HMAS STIRLING fleet HMAS FREMANTLE were at Darling have grown used to the sight of HMAS support facility on 21st August. South-East Asian Visits Harbour on Saturday. 21 September YARRA moored in Athol Bight at Sydney hosted a visit by five warships supporting a charity concert organised The 45 tonne turret has been re-located Bradley's Head. The former destroyer from two of Australia's regional allies by Pepsi. PROTECTOR'S sturdy on a concrete base outside HMAS escort has been laid up there as part of between September 19-23. helicopter pad was used as the stage for STIRLING'S ceremonial gates and a plaque the Navy's reserve fleet since being Two Singaporean Navy missile corvettes. a celebrity lock concert, with proceeds commemorating STUART being the first decommissioned in 1985. VALOUR and VIGOUR, supported by going |0 various Sydney charities. destroyer to be homeported in Western However. YARRA and her sister ship PERSISTENCE, an amphibious landing Australia (20th January. 1984) will be PARRAMATTA will disappear shortly, alter ship, berthed at the Fleet Base. The Royal mounted on the turret as a lasting tribute to the ship. Oxley returns from KERR AUSTRALIA PTY LTD South East Asian deployment The HMAS STIRLING-based UNIT 2, 11 PACKARD AVE, CASTLE HILL, NSW 2154 submarine HMAS OXLEY returned to its home port on Monday, 5 August after a 15-week South East Asian deployment. Suppliers of. . . Kerr Dental Materials to the Department of Defence OXLEY was met by the Commander of ihc Australian Submarine Squadron, who * Impression Materials * Endodontic Products * Filling Materials was making his first visit to Western - Amalgam. Composite * Cavity Liner Australia as part of a proposed program which will sec him and his siaff spending one week in six to ensure a smooth Phone: (02) 634 2999. Fax: (02) 634 4737 Removing the tunet from Stuart. transition of the Squadron to the west over i LSPH Scott Connolly. RAN) the coming years. 6 Trie Navy. October-Decrnber, 1991 The Navy, October-December, 1991 7 ANTI-SUBMARINE VESSELS 1939-1945 by ROSS GILLETT To help bridge the gap in the all-important anti-submarine sphere of naval operations during the Second World War lour large coasters, operated by Australian shipping companies, a tormer Royal Navy minesweeper converted to a River excursion terry, two ex-British Admiralty tugs and a tormer Northern Territory patrol vessel were requisitioned lor service as auxiliary anti-submarine and patrol cratt. In addition the Dutch minesweeper ABRAHAM CRIJNSSEN was commissioned lor similar duties in September 1942. he first of the coasters to join naval of the Great Australian Bight. duties as well as the minesweeping and ranks was AUSN's BINGERA, just DOOMBA was originally taken over for escort roles. Tfour years old and designed for conversion to an auxiliary minesweeper and The final vessel requisitioned as anti operating along the Queensland coast. The in June 1942 commenced duties as an anti submarine patrol vessel was the I93S ship experienced a much varied commission submarine vessel. The tugs HEROS and ST VIGILANT. As well as this role she was from patrol, training, stores to service GILES were commissioned as anti also employed in the examination service, as vessel. Fourth of the group to enter the RAN submarine vessels on 12 January 1940 and an air sea rescue vessel, boom defence boat was the Western Australian KYBRA, 15 January 1940 respectively. Both had been and finally for salvaging and surveying. constructed for the State Shipping Service. constructed in 1919 as units of the ARMAMENT '-£» KYBRA had spent most of her career sailing Rescue/Saint class and sold to Australian The coasters provided excellent deck to ports in the south of the state, carrying owners in 1925 and 1922. After ending their '-**••' "*• • space for the mounting of various weapons bolh passengers and cargo. A/S roles the vessels were employed as lugs from the 4 inch QF (Quick Firing) Mk IV At 1049 gross tons the 1934 vintage in both Australian and New Guinea waters. LA (Low Angle) gun on a CPIII mounting WILCANNIA ex WYRALLAH was the ABRAHAM CRIJNSSEN was one of to the ami-submarine depth charges, HAMS Oxley on her return to ner home port (LSPH Scon Connolly. RAN) largest of the four coasters. Owned by the several Dutch warships which had escaped dropped overboard at the stem by throwers North Coast Steam Navigation Co the vessel to Australia after the fall of their East Indies or chutes. The 4 inch gun was mounted in had operated for only six years when taken possessions. The ship, in good condition, the bow of each ship with an ammunition over for war service. After WILCANNIA. in was soon icceptcd as a valuable addition to establishment of 100 rounds. A single 2 MARITIME TECHNICAL J5. Poole Pttf. £td. size, was Coast Steamships 1928 YANDRA, the RANs anti-submarine forces and pounder QF Mk 1I*C was fitted aft with 500 built for service from Adelaide to the ports accordingly was commissioned for these rounds against air and surface targets. SERVICES Marine Plumbers Consultant Marine Engineers end Ship Surveyors WELDING SPECIALISTS A OXY AND ELECTRIC Design. Specification and Supervision lor • GENERAL PLUMBING A PIPE BENDING • NEW BUILDING • MODIFICATION • REPAIRS • SHEET METAL A COPPERSMITHS CONDITION SURVEYS FOR SALE AND PURCHASE Marine Engineers and Naval Architect Experienced in All Types of Marine Applications Office: (09) 335 6004 or 335 3787 MARITIME TECHNICAL SERVICES Fax: (09) 430 6372 45 WILLIAM STREET, MELBOURNE, 3000 A/H: (09) 332 6970 or 418 4708 Telephone: (03) 629 8198 or (03) 614 3122 Telefax: (03) 629 7270. Telex: AA34894 Factory: 8 Slack Street, Fremantle, WA 6160 GEC LIGHTING UNIT 2, 44 BOOREA STREET, LIDCONBE, NSW, 2141 Proud Suppliers of Lamps and Lighting to the Armed Forces Telephone: (02) 643 2988. Fax: (02) 643 2983 HMAS ABRAHAM CRUNSSEN in December 1942 (RAN) 8 The Navy, October-December, 1991 The Navy, October-December, 1991 9 and Jcrvis Bay from 1940. as a stores carrier Launched by Murdoch and Murray Ltd. ANTI-SUBMARINE ANTI-SUBMARINE in New Guinea waters from September 1944 Pon Glasgow in the United Kingdom on 28 VESSELS — continued and finally as a troop transport and February 1919 and completed May 1919 as VESSELS — continued lighthouse services vessel from March 1946. the Rescue/Saint class ocean tug ST ERTH BINGERA paid off at Brisbane on 12 for the British Admiralty. In September Machine guns were mutinied Oil ilie bridge the ship was returned to ."he Dutch August 1946 and was returned to her owners 1925 the tug was sold to J. Fcnwick and Co wingt with a normal outfit of 4000 lull and authorities, but remained in coas.al waters on 13 December. Ltd of Sydney and renamed HEROS. 1000 tracer rounds Depth charge until 7 June 1945. when she sa - life support equipment containers. - inflatable boats, - helicopter transfer facilities, and - acoustic tracker. To provide these facilities it was proposed to lengthen the vessel by K metres between the superstructure and funnels, thus increasing her overall length to 42.7 metres. These modifications were subsequently undertaken by North Queensland Engineers ^ flOM SMMMMli and Agents (NQEA) at Cairns. In preparation for the acquisition of a Throughout most of the 1960s and 1970s the Royal Australian Navy's trials requirements were ship to meet Navy's requirements the New largely met by HMAS DIAMANTINA, an ex Second World War fngate and HMAS KDvlBLA. a boom Submarine Project Director commissioned defence vessel which was built in the 1950s. With the disposal of these vessels in the 1970s the only Bunicss. Corlctt Australia Ply Ltd to act as ship which was available lor support of long term Navy and the Defence Science and Technology brokers in the search for a suitable existing Organisation's (DSTO) trials requirements was HMAS COOK. Offshore Support Vessel on the world market. The brokers report identified sonic side from these ships, various trials trials requirements in conjunction with A brief study was undertaken to 47 ships which were short listed down to were also carried out employing HMAS COOK. This reduced requirement determine the preferred method of procuring lour main contenders. During this process Aother naval vessels largely on an now meant that a range of commercial a trials and safety ship. Four options were the NSCA was dissolved by liquidators and HMAS PROTECTOR (8. Morrison) opportunity basis. The most notable vessels were suitable for the role of a trials addressed, ic: BLUE NABILLA was offered for sale and BLUE NABILLA was the preferred Funding of the trials and safety ship exception being HMAS YARRA which was ship. - charter a vessel; added to the list of primary contenders. The contender on two main grounds, namely her remained a problem when the proposal was used extensively in the development and In August 1987 the New Submarine - design and build a special purpose short listed contenders comprised lower overall cost and superior facilities. excluded from the Five Year Defence testing of the Mulloka sonar system. Project advised their requirements for an vessel; WILFOND (built in Japan in 1984). LADY Her main attractions were good Program. However, the importance of the The requirement for a new dedicated escort and safety vessel to support the sea - modify an existing design and then KATHLEEN (built in Newcastle in 1982). nianoeuvcrability. lifting cpacity of A- proposal to submarine trials was recognised trials of the new Collins class submarines, build; and trials ship was first outlined in 1970. RUNDE SUPPLIER (built in Norway in framc and deck crane, the existing helicopter and it was suggested to Navy in later 1989 however, the proposal was not generally which the Commonwealth wis contractually - purchase an existing ship which most 1981 >. NORMAND SKY (built in Singapore pad. position keeping facilities, ability to that it would not be inappropriate for the accorded a high priority within defence obliged to provide. The characteristics nearly meets the requirements and modify as in 1984). and BLUE NABILLA (built in embark a submersible and the ship's almost vessel to be funded from the New planning. This resulted in part from the lack sought were similar to those of the trials necessary. Western Australia in 1984). Submarine or other Navy projects. Possible of a clear articulation of the specific need for ship. Project 1167 was subsequently retulcd The purchase and modification of an new condition. such a platform and changing perceptions of the 'Trials and Safety Ship', to incorporate existing ship was assessed to be the least the characteristics that should be sought in a the escort and safety roles. cost option and would also enable the early trials ship. entry of the vessel An examination of the into naval service. requirements for Ships assessed as specialised features of a potentially suitable trials ship in the early for the (rials and 1980s led to some safety task included reductions in the earlier Offshore Supply capabilities which had Vessels, Fishing been sought. This Trawlers. Purse examination culminated in seiners and small Navy's endorsement of Roll-on Roll-off revised ship characteristics r* vessels. in 1983. At this stage, the .^^ 44 Navy first became basic requirement was for involved with BLUE a purpose built ultra quiet NABILLA when the ship of about 2400 tonnes, National Safety which was estimated to Council of Australia cost some $50m. (NSCA), Victorian It became clear after a Division offered short time that funding for v«»f— submarine rescue this proposal was unlikely T1 —*. services on a charter in (he near future and HMAS PROTECTOR in Jervis Bay (J. Mortimer) basis using its PC- DSTO consequently 1804 submersible. undertook a review of all its requirements The main advantage of using a dedicated The proposal was based around Bl.l'L' for research at sea and the options for trials vessel was seen to be one of NABILLA being fitted with the following meeting them. This review concluded that guaranteed ship availability as warships equipments: HMAS COOK could meet the requirements could seldom be allocated for periods long - recompression chamber. of those trials which required a ship of low enough to allow for the careful and timely - remotely operated vehicle system. noise signature and that it could be conduct of scientific research work. In - rescue vehicle launch and recovery complemented by a less capable vessel addition, a dedicated vessel which is small, system, procured under Navy Project 1167. relatively cheap and provides flexibility of - rescue vehicle, In March 1985, the DSTO agreed to the usage o.fcrs an efficient solution to Navy - dynamic positioning, basic characteristics of a ship to meet their and DSTO requirements. - underwater telephone. Stem view ol the ship showing her large helicopter deck (J. Mortimer) 14 The Navy, October-December, 1991 The Nevy, October-December, 19 displacement to 670 tonnes. radar systems. A Syledis navigation system 1804 submersible and Phantom Remote choice for service along the Chinese coast HMAS PROTECTOR The functions of HMAS PROTECTOR has also recently been installed for Operated V-hicle. These two latter systems and inland waters. The long voyage to are: minewarfare related activities. In terms of are central to the ship's submerged China under the command of Captain - to act as submarine escort and safety manoeuvrability PROTECTOR has two recovery capability. PROTECTOR will be Creswell necessitated water replenishment vessel during the Collins class trials; controllable pitch propellers; two rudders, subsequently employed in support of new stops at Brisbane, Thursday Island, Manila sources were subsequently assessed within - to act as a support and target vessel for which can be independently operated; and Aviation Facilities submarine trials off South Australia and and Hong Kong. Navy and funds were made available from submarine trials; four thrusters. two in the bow and two in the HMAS PROTECTOR is fitted with a Western Australia from early 1994 to about After nearly three months under the stem. In addition, she is fitted with a LIPS the submarine and inshore minchunter - to be able to conduct all facets of RAN helicopter pad aft which is 14.8 metres long 2001. While Ensign of the Royal Navy dynamic positioning system. The overall projects. The provision of funds from mine diving in support of trials and safety and 11.2 metres wide. Helicopters of up to Overall. HMAS PROTECTOR is an PROTECTOR was paid off by the RN on 24 result is a ship which has a high degree of warfare activities included an allocation activities; 12,800 lbs (eg Kiowa, Iroquois and important asset to the Royal Australian November 1900, and reverting to HMCS positional accuracy as well as very high planned for HMAS CURLEW'S refit which - to support minewarfare trials activities Squirrel) may be able to land on in very Navy. Its flexibility and broad range of ship PROTECTOR, returned io Adelaide on 6 manoeuvrability to retain the position. was not undertaken and the ship was paid including the survey, laying and recovery calm waters, however. Navy has not yet systems make ii suitable for a number of January 1901. Despite the lack of action due PROTECTOR'S characteristics in this area off. CURLEWs role in support of of practice minefields; and evaluated this capability. The ship is also roles in support of naval, overall Australian to the sudden retreat and capitulation of the are unique in the Royal Australian Navy - filled with helicopter refuelling facilities, minewarfare activities was transferred in - to conduct environmental data Defence Force, and civil tasks. Boxer army "the exercise had been a great no other ship possesses such high which are located to port underneath ihe pan to the trials and safety ship. gathering in support of the Minewarfare experience" according to the "Adelaide manoeuvrability. landing pad. Overall, PROTECTOR'S The Minister for Defence, Senator Pilot and submarine trials. Observer". Equipment Stowage Capacity aviaiion facilities are limited and in an Robert Ray, subsequently approved the Performance of these functions requires a THE FIRST During the years up to ihe creation of the Designed as an Offshore Support Vessel, emergency would likely be confined to purchase of BLUE NABILLA in August ship which has good navigational precision, HMAS PROTECTOR has considerable area vertical replenishment and medical Australian fleet PROTECTOR was 1990, at an estimated cost of $4.94m. The manoeuvrability, communications and PROTECTOR continuously active around the southern and purchase was subsequently implemented aft of her superstructure for storage of trials evacuation tasks. support capabilities. Specifically the ship and support equipment. She is capable of south eastern seaboards and was the sole through Australian Marine Brokers. should have: PROTECTOR is also fined with two vessel available for sea training in the Procurement of the stowing about three fire monitors on lop of the funnels. Both standard ISO CO foot southern states. In addition to South submersible and can be employed for fire fighting Australian patrols the ship steamed remotely operated containers plus two on other ships or a helicopter on half containers on deck as far north as Newcastle and made vehicles were the flight deck. The system several voyages to Victoria and progressed separately. and can accommodate employs both light wafer and a portable six man re Tasmania before being re-boilered BLUE NABILLA waler. in 1910. was purchased on 18 compression chamber. In her civilian guise The installation of a In 1911 PROTECTOR was October 1990 and PROTECTOR had a crew of six, integrated into the Royal Australian arrived in Sydney, on PRINCIPAL DETAILS OF HMAS PROTECTOR handling system for the but had capacity to embark 18 Displacement: 670 tonnes submersible, which Navy firstly serving as a tender, but her delivery voyage, the passengers. Her naval complement when war erupted in 1914 she following month. She Length Overall: 4Z7 metres incorporates a trolley is 20 which arc accommodated in Beam: 9.5 metres system on tracks, has became the depot ship to the commissioned on 30 six single, five twin and one fourth ^ submarines AE1 and AE2. October and was Draught: 3.0 metres reduced the ship's berth cabins. There are four Speed: 10.5 knots storage capacity on the .'"^PROTECTOR served in New renamed HMAS officers in the crew and 20 per cent Guinea waters and the Indian Ocean PROTECTOR on 20 Main Engines: 2 x Detroit 12V92TA after deck. of the ship's complement arc HHF: 450 at 1800 RPM for about a year and then at various March 1991. at the Lifting female. The latter hold billets in v times resumed duties as a tender, Fleet Base, Wolloom- Generators: 2xl25KVA the communications and i 4 Officers 13 crew plus 3 submersible crew. Equipment acted as a minesweeper and also ooloo, under the Complement: During her modern maintenance areas and as a mine- ', Constructed by: Elder Prince (now Stirling Marine Services) exercised with the torpedo boat command of Lieutenant isation at NQEA. warfare specialist. Age span of the HMAS COUNTESS OF Year of Build: 1984 crew is from 18 to 41 with the Commander Graeme PROTECTOR was 4m "IN HOPETON in 1918. Banyer. Purchased: 18 October 1990 fitted with an A frame average age being about 21. Helicopter Capacity: Helicopter Deck and Refuelling facilities. After World War I (1920) the Several names were of 13 tonne capacity Materially, PROTECTOR is in ship carried the advance party to considered for the ship. Other Equipment: Hub Sea Crane, 13T "A" Frame, Skipper Sonar, Lips for launch and very good condition and shows «••:•• «| Flinders Naval Depot (Western Port They included Dynamic positioning 4 x 24/255, Mini-Thrusters, HF. recovery of the little visible sign of corrosion. VHF and UHF Communications Equipment, Klein Bay) in preparation for the official PROTECTOR, submersible. She is However, in her naval role several opening of thai establishment. In K1MBLA. STOKER Sidescan Sonar, Magnavox Sat Nav, Skipper RDF, Sperry also fitted with a HIAB problems arise from her design Sat Corns, Diving air compressors & recompression The tint HMAS PROTECTOR h Ihe Gnat War 1921 PROTECTOR was renamed and HUDSPETH. THe crane of 6 tonne lift background and civilian CERBERUS and became a tender chamber space. employment. Being designed as an offshore choice was quickly capacity and 12.5 rior to Federation the Colonies were to the new Naval Depot, before finally Support Vessel the ship's stability narrowed to the first metre extension. The responsible for their own defence and closing a 40 year naval career in June 1924. calculations were predicated on carrying two names. Preference for PROTECTOR - the ability to precisely locate and hold crane is sited amidship. on the starboard in 1884 the South Australian Sold to a private buyer the ship was prevailed principally because: side, and its lifting capacity at maximum heavy weight, in the order of 40 tonnes, on P itself over a given datum; Government look delivery of ihe 920 ton dismantled and armament, turrets, engines the after deck. Typically, this weight is not - she has a direct association with extension is some 1250 kg. These lifting HMCS PROTECTOR. The ship was built at and all movable parts were auctioned. - sufficient deck space for the stowage of carried and hence (he ship tends to pitch submarines, as her predecessor acted as a apparatus provide facilities for lowering and Newcastle-upon-Tyne in ihe United Converted to an oil fuel lighter in 1929 she trials, support, MCM diving and rescue and roll quite rapidly in even moderate tender to the RAN submarines AE1 and equipments; retrieving equipment over the stem, in the Kingdom by Sir W.G. Armstrong and could transfer 300 tons of oil fuel with her case of the A frame, and alongside with the seas. The ship also has very low freeboard AE2 during the First World War, and - lifting equipment for deployment and Company and took 3 months to make the high powered pumps. HIAB. This latter system is utilised for aft whic) Titans that this area is frequently - PROTECTOR was based in Adelaide recovery of scientific, trials, rescue and voyage IO Port Adelaide. In 1931 the ship w?s again sold and deployment of the vessel's two Phantom wet. for several years and thus has a link to MCM equipment renamed Sidney, was used as a wool lighter Remote Operated Vehicles. Other limitations flow from the ship's HMCS PROTECTOR at that time the Collins class construction site. - facilities to enable communications by the Victorian Lighterage Co, but in July intended small civilian complement. The carried one 8 inch and five 6 inch guns PROTECTOR was built by Elder Prince with other ADF and rescue authorities; 1943 was requisitioned by the US Army Communications Facilities ship has very little hot water, a single 125 which ranked her among the most powerful Marine Service, now Stirling Marine and small ships command for war service. BLUE NABILLA was fined with a range litre lank; has no fresh air conditioning, gunboat/cruiser type vessels yet constructed. Services, or Ftemanile. Western Australia. - vertical replenishment facilities. Finally in 1944 PROTECTOR was on her The ship was commenced as the M.V. of commercial communications equipment only internal air circulation; and a limited Based solely in South Australian waters the consistent with her safety and survival roles. ship had an uneventful career but was well way to New Guinea where she was holed by OSPERY, but was purchased whilst under Novicjxxtion/Mano«uviability sewage holding plant. a lug and eventually abandoned on the beach construction and renamed BLUE Characteristics These equipments have been retained for her HMAS PROTECTOR is planned to be kept with frequent refitting, maintenance naval tasks. Equipments fitted in HMAS and cleaning at Fletcher's slipway. ai Heron Island where the rusting hull is still NABILLA. As originally constructed she HMAS PROTECTOR is Tilted with a primarily employed in support of mine clearly visible. had an overall length of 34.7 metres, beam broad range of commercial navigation PROTECTOR include VHF. UHF and HF countermeasures trials and data collection In August 1900 the warship was offered 9.5 metres, depth 4.0 metres and displaced equipments, including gyro and magnetic transceivers and satellite communications activities until late 1992. During this time it to and accepted by the Imperial Government BATTLE HONOURS: SADRAS 1758. omc 588 tonnes. After lengthening by compasses iih an associated auto pilot equipment incorporating telephone, telex is also intended to undertake various ship for service in China as pan of the Colonial MEGAPATAM 1758. CAPE OF GOOD NQEA BLUE NABILLA's overall length system; satellite navigation: GPS one log and facsimile facilities and a computer link and system trials including embarkation, Naval forces in the Boxer Rebellion. The HOPE 1806, NORWAY 1940. LIBYA increased to 42.7 metres and her system; echo sounders; and two navigational with a visual display unit and printer. integration and first of class trials of the PC ship's shallow draft made her an ideal 1940-41. The Navy, Octobtr-Dacwnber, 19B1 17 16 TrttNa^.Octoto*-DK«mtMr,18«1 NAVAL MATTERS FOUDRE- by AW. GRAZEBROOK New French Landing Ship CONSTRUCTION in amphibious operations of the Force DATA The ship's hull consists o d'Action Rapidc (rapid intervention force) LOA: 168 m MORE MONEY MUST for the transportation and landing, on a non- Beam at the watcrlinc: 22m approximately cubic welded section prepared beach, in hazardous /one, of the elementary cube weighs Moulded draft: 5, 2 m 80 tonnes approximately Mean trial's BE SPENT ON DEFENCE and measures between 6 displacement with and 10 metres on the freight: 11,3001 sidc_; the first block was • - Well deck: 14 x by A.W. GRAZEBROOK laid in March 1986. and 122 m the last in October 1987, - Ballast volume: Once again, the annual Commonwealth Personnel retention problems persist. They will get far worse if i.e. eighteen months 7000 m* the economy recovers and industry intensifies competition for high later. - Maximum speed: Government Budget has been handed down. Once tech personnel. The laying out phase 21 knots again if includes a round of cuts in training. was the longest, because - Range: 11 000 nm operations and existing forces and delays in In summary, because the cost of defence equipment is increasing of the complexity of (he •t at 15 knots at a higher rale than inflation, nil real growth in defence expenditure installations and the essential programmes for the Australian Defence means a decrease in the relative strength of the ADF a( a time when - Maximum power: most regional defence forces are getting larger and stronger. number of rooms (750 2x10400 HP Force. approximately); this - Electrical power: Australia cannot go on year after year reducing its Defence Force phase started as early as 5 x 850 kW diescl when our neighbours are increasing their armed forces. the construction of the I generators This year the cuts and delays are accompanied by ,i planning First cube, using the "prc- - Freight capacity: directive thai Defence Budgets for the next three years are to be It is run easy politically to find more money for defence at a tunc fitling out" technique, 18801 based on nil real growth in the Defence Budget. of recession. It requires leadership and political courage to propound and lasted until official Handling the case. Preparedness to do so is the marl; of the statesman, as There is a popular political falsehood about defence expenditure. trials started in January facilities: distinct from the politician. 1990. This LPD is That is that a nation can have only the defence it can afford. 1 52-tonnc lifting therefore the 475th ship platform That approach is dangerously wrong. launched at the Brest 1 37-tonne crane at arsenal since its creation 12m A nation must spend on defence the money necessary to defend by Colbert in 1661. The -Complement: 226 the nation. CORPORATE large shipyard created - Passengers: 467 The money must be well spent. It must be spent cost effectively. for laying down and WELL DECK The nation must get maximum value for Us defence expenditure. But finishing the ship was used as a major test The well deck is a enough money must be found to defend Australia and her interests. MEMBERS 1640 mi surface area bench to improve state- Enough money is not being spent now. of-the-art construction floating dock. When techniques (.computer- carrying an Both Government and Opposition have noted the increase in aided design, modulai intervention force, the defence spending in our region. Both Government and Opposition construction) to be used dock can contain: have pointed out that the decline in NATO - Warsaw Pact tension in Computer Sciences of Australia for construction of the -10 LCMs Europe docs not involve nations in our region. Pty. Ltd. Charles de Gaulle (characteristics: 24 m x nuclear-powered aircraft 6,4 in: It is implicit in these facts that there arc no grounds for reducing 651 + 901 of freight), the Australian Defence Force. On the contrary, the ADF should be carrier in the Laninon dock lei the FOUDRE. armoured units of the Force. In addition, the -or4LCMs+lLCV being strengthened to at least maintain our relative position in our Dunlop Aerospace Australia FOUDRE LPD takes part in the navy's (characteristics: 57 m x 12 m; region. MISSIONS logistic support performing materiel 275 l+ 3501 of freight). It is true that much is being done, particularly in acquiring modem The FOUDRE amphibious transport transport missions and maintenance of small - or 2 LCUs. equipment, all of which is very necessary. Nevertheless, more needs dock primary mission consists in taking part In addition to its "landing" version the to be done. Enough is not being spent on equipment to maintain our Hawker de Havilland Limited relative position. NQEA Australia Pty. Ltd. In non-equipment areas, the ADF is declining. Insufficient is being spent on operational training. Unless the ADF exercises extensively and realistically with its equipment the Force will prove Rockwell Electronics (Australasia) inadequate when wc need to use the equipment in earnest. I li.n time can come very totally unexpectedly and at very short notice, as wc Pty. Ltd. saw in August, 1990. Navy, supported by the other two Services, defence industry and defence civilians, performed superbly in getting its only three available ships away to the Persian Gulf at very short Rockwell Ship Systems Australia notice. Pty. Ltd. If operational training continues to be cut annually, the ADF will not be able to repeat that performance. Wc must ensure the readiness of our front line forces. 18 The Navy, October-December, 1991 The Navy, October-December, 1991 19 VEHICLE STORAGE - 2 heavy recovery trucks, control center which coordinates and surgical support to combating troops, FOUDRE LANDING SHIP -o 120-mm mortars, FOUDRE LANDING SHIP monitors the movements of the helicopters assistance to distressed area populations, etc. CAPACITY - 67 miscellaneous trailers, and landing craft. This sick bay. with a surface area of 500 m! ^ continued continued The vehicle storage capacity is such that - 1 beaching grating layer i.e. a load of 3 - the communications room which and a 47 bed capacity has many interesting three LPDs operating jointly can transport a 300 tonnes approximately. provides communications with the naval features. Its location beneath the flight deck, FOUDRE LPD can be used as a mobile mechanised regiment composed of: VEHICLE MOVEMENT high and dry in the dock during the transport forces, amphibious forces, the commander close to the elevator platform makes it easily of the naval theater, and (he Army Staff in accessible. logistic support ship. The dock can then be - 22 AMX 30 tanks The ship has been designed for easy 2 Boarding of vehicles through the side France. The medico-surgical team can use two used as a dry dock tor the following classes -44AMX luRC tanks. vehicle movements. ramp door and the lifting platform serving operations rooms, one for orthopedic of ships: - 22 FAV's. A 52-ionnc lifting platform serves the the vehicle parking areas. surgery, the other for - 4001 patrol boal. - 41 X-country LW vehicle, including dock, the vehicle hangar, the mobile decks. 3 Boarding from a visceral surgery. - BSR (region support ship). 16 MILAN anti-tank missile systems. the parking area on the vehicle hangar roof quay through the dock - coastal tugboat. - 54 trucks TRM 4000. and the side ramp door. gate and the lifting This arrangement is The well deck is closed during the ship's - 15 light trucks TRM 2000, 1 Boarding of heavy armored vehicles by platform or the 37-tonnc supplemented by a transit by a hydraulically-actualcd gate LCM in the immersed dock. The LCMs are crane. dressing room used for AVIATION less intensive care. The sick bay also The aeronautical . i includes two installations are designed to allow day and night resuscitation rooms, operation of helicopters one of which is the mission of which is to specially fitted out for airlift commandos. These the treatment of severe installations include: bums. - a main landing area one X-ray equipped with two spots examination room, for SUPER-PUMA. One ": - one biology lab with blood bank. of the spots is equipped mk-.. with a landing grid. one dental - a secondary landing surgery room. area made up of the - one sterilization mobile decks. room with an - landing aid lighting autoclave. equipment. A computer-based one dual management system "SAMAHE" equipment has been set up for for transferring heli improved efficiency: it copters from the hangar handles pharma to the forward spot. ceuticals and - a fixed hangar for medicines which have storing 4 SUPER-PUMA to be checked at type (9 tonnes) or 2 regular intervals. SUPER-FRELON type Such materials and (13 tonnes) helicopters, human resources make storerooms and helicopter the FOUDRE an outstanding hospital ship maintenances workshops. PROPULSION capable of last and far-reaching MOBILE DECKS Propulsion is by two propeller shafts interventions. equipped with variable-pitch reversible CONCLUSION The mobile decks can be used cither as a propeller each driven by a 7 540 kw SEMT- The hull is constructed around an inner secondary landing area, or as parking areas PIELSTICK 16 PC 2.5 V 400 dicsel engine. for vehicles. The panels arc installed on their dock which extends over 3/4 of the ship's roller tracks by means of the crane. They arc ELECTRICAL length. removed to dock high air draft ships. Electrical power is produced by five 850 The ship is designed for the landing of kW SACM-UN1DIESEL dicsel generators, battle tanks and other vehicles, by means of AMPHIBIOUS distributed in three stations, two main a landing craft. Accordingly, the ship's OPERATIONS stations located near the propulsion rooms architecture is determined by these functions The arrangements of the FOUDRE LPD and one station located forward, near the of transportation and deployment of landing allow preparation and control of amphibious bow thnister. craft. operations. ARMAMENT During transit to the theatre of The following rooms are provided: During the amphibious operation, the operations, the landing craft are transported - the planning room, used during transit LPDs protection is mainly provided by the high and dry in the dock. Deployment of the to the theatre of operations for detailed other ships and aircraft in the force. landing craft is carried out after immersion planning of the landing, However, the ship has anti-aircraft self- of the ship by ballasting, flooding of the - the Joint Control Center where the defence facilities consisting of: dock and opening of the LPD's aft gate. amphibious operation commandcr-in chief - a SIMBAD missile self-defence The LPD's main particulars are: and his staff coordinate and control the weapon system, -vast battle tank and vehicle storage activities of all the forces involved in the - a 40-mm gun, areas, hangars and storage decks, served by landing. - two 20-mm guns, a 52-tonnc lifting platform and a side ramp. - the CIC where the amphibious naval - two 12.7 mm heavy machine guns. - aeronautical facilities: force chief of staff prepares his .nstructions • landing deck allowing simultaneous to the other landing craft and chartered MEDICAL operation of several helicopters. The FOUDRE is filled out with a large civilian ships, • hangars accommodating four 9-tonne sick bay, which allows execution of large- - the "Helicopter - vehicle movements" helicopters. scale medevac operations, medical and 20 The Navy. October-December. 1991 The Navy. October-December. 1M1 21 Ihc current generation of missiles .iml related newly evolved or refined strategies lo clear area of fire. Proving an almost the US Navy SC 497 class 110 ft warfare systems as well as the crews who produce a wholly new naval situation as BOOK REVIEWS complete aviation failure, VINDICTIVE submarine chaser. have [he boats for nearly 300 years. we enter the twenty-first century. was converted back lo a cruiser in 1923-25. This 256 page volume gives details of all Photographically, the various classes are The past fifty years have witnessed some Between the wars Britain's NELSON the boats and their armaments, also well illustrated with both overall and remarkable changes in the naval world: big- and RODNEY were the subject of several explaining the organisation of their BOOK onboard views. Various classes or boats gun warships have been discarded and then spent most of his career in the design of Bureau of Construction and Repair sketches production, and sets out their service and never built arc included with characteristics. have come back into favour; and amphibious warships, retiring as the Deputy Chief Naval and unfounded rumours in the 1920s about a achievements. The appendices examine (he building years capabilities have grown in importance. But Architect. Accordingly the new book is not flight deck aft because of their main Divided into Ave sections of more than and list all boats known to have been the most important single factor has been the official forecast or a policy statement, armament being forward of the 30 chapters this work is superbly illustrated RlflEWS transferred to other navies. technology - missile development, but the recommendations of an eminent superstructure. with some 220 black & white photographs Submarines of the Russian and Soviet electronics, communcialions. computers, British naval architect. When the coming of World War 11, there and hundreds of highly detailed line Navies. 171H to 1990 will undoubtedly metallurgy - all these things have had far- It covers not merely ship design, but the was little time for experimentation and drawings. become a welcome addition to libraries of reaching effects. whole field of naval policy, from strategic construction efforts were concentrated on The next volume of this Allied Coastal many naval enthusiasts, especially with the Sea power remains as vital to trading considerations and fleet mix to financial vessels of proven worth. Only Japan actually Forces trilogy will cover the Vospcr 70fl demise of the USSR as all have known it for nations as it ever was. With two-thirds of the constraints and construction facilities. created such vessels with the MTBs with a third and final volume much of the 20th century. Highly Earth's surface covered by water, the need Taking into account both the lessons of battleship/aircraft carrier conversions of covering the British Power Boat 70ft recommended. has remained for a naval capacity both to the Falklands War and the implications of HYUGA and ISE in 1943 being the most MTBs/MGBs. defend oneself and maintain trade routes, as new technological advances, D K Brown prominent. The 72ft Harbour Defence Motor Launch well as sustain prolonged overseas action. pays particular attention to the pivotal role Early in World War II one British scheme has been included in this book even though The Changing Face of the What has altered is the form that such a navy of the modem frigate and to the advantages depicted a ship with the forward section of a it was conceived before the Fairmile should take. World's Navies and disadvantages of Jctfoii, air cushion and LION-class battleship joined to the stem and organisation was properly in being, because hfwaAMMM. 1 This book traces these developments, in SWATH craft. His recommendations arc superstructure of an IMPLACABLE-class it nevertheless was an important naval - 1945 to the Present their evolutionary forms, with reference to tailored to the changing world political aircraft carrier. This 44,750 ton ship would launch type. The HDML was constructed all the nations that have contributed situation, and have important implications have carried 6x16 inch guns forward of the using normal shipbuilding practice rather By BRUCE W. WATSON significantly lo it. The author traces the for all future medium si/cd navies. flight deck, 8 x 4.5 inch twin dual purpose than from pre-fabricated kits in the manner Published by Arms and Armour Press influence of doctrine and of combat gun turrets to port and starboard of trie flight of Ihc other Fairmile Motor Launch types. Price: $55 experience during the last five decades to Jeck and have been capable of carrying 12 Designed in 1939 for the Admiralty lo World War Two marked a turning- show how a process has been underway that fighters and two torpedo bombers/ protect estuaries and harbours against Submarines of the Russian is often fuelled by responses to the perceived The Hybrid Warship rccounaisancc aircraft. infiltration by enemy submarines, the point in naval historical development. The Amalgamation of Big Guns and Soviet Navies Since then, politics, the emergence of the threats posed by the prospective opponent The Untied States Navy's lOWA-class HDML was armed with depth charges, asdic 1718-1990 'bi-polar' world, and incredibly rapid rather than by a rational assessment of naval and Aircraft battleships were under consideration for (sonar) and a sm«ll gun, cither a 2- or 3- technological change have combined with needs. Here is a thoroughly absorbing and several hybrid schemes, one being the poundcr carried forward of the bridge. A Pv NORMAN POLMAR thoughtful analysis, By R.D. LAYMAN & STEPHEN conversion to commando/ VSTOL single Ocrlikon was carried aft. Their MCLAUGHLIN and JURRIEN NOOT enhanced by Luc battleships. complement was two officers, two senior Published by Conway Maritime Press of Published by Naval resurrection of sailors and 8-10 ratings. Institute Press, London There have been a number of modern Annapolis, Maryland, historical theories often Distributed in Australia by Princeton Books hybrid warships, Ihc converted Royal Navy A total of 486 units was ordered during USA 21402 derided in the nuclear PO Box 24, Cheltenham, Victoria 3192 cruisers TIGER and BLAKE, as well as the the War with the first three of 28 RAN units Reviewed by ROSS age, RRP $99.95. Soviet LENINGRAD and MOSKVA built in Ihc UK. with HDML 1074 being GILLETT Professional naval springing lo mind. commissioned on 7 October, 1942. OF officers, defence A "hybrid" warship is one that The most recent class of ships to come Today only the unarmed Seaward This extremely THE Russian and Soviet Navies, analysts, and informed combines the characteristic features of under consideration for conversion to being Defence Boat 1325 (formerly HDML.I325) detailed book is divided civilians will all benefit one type of warship - while also being air-capable was the Untied States Navy remains under the Royal Australian Navy's into two principal from this clear designed or extensively modified to SPRUANCE-class destroyers being able to control and is laid-up at present at HMAS sections. The first is a 17184990 explanation of post-war perform the function of an aircraft carry up to eight helicopters. Stirling in Western Australia pending it narrative technical and naval evolution. They carrier. Although many of the quality drawings being transported to Spectacle Island in service history of the will then be better This book gives an incredible insight into show what might have eventuated, this book Sydney for restoration and eventual display. dozens of submarine placed to observe, and the hybrid warship and is supported by 55 is certain to draw a great deal of discussion Every possible aspect of British Coastal classes operated by the participate in, the black and white photographs and some 100 amongst naval and warship enthusiasts. A Forces is covered in this most Russian and Soviet debate on the future use line drawings which give the reader an most interesting book. - Vic Jcffcry. comprehensive volume, be it radar, Savies since the earliest of naval power. insight into some of the incredible designs camouflage, anti-submarine weapons, ISth century and the which were proposed. engines and engineering, habitabilily and second, a la Janes, There were many proposals between the weapons. provides alt relevant The Future two world wars for merging big guns and An excellent series of 12 Appendices boat details, armaments Allied Coastal Forces of British Surface aircraft into one hull, thereby creating a ship cover a Schedule of British builders: dates of construction that could do more than cither a pure World War II Volume I Fairmile production analysis 1939-45; Yard and final disposition. Fleet gunnery ship or a pure aircraft carrier alone. Fairmile designs & US submarine analysis; Fairmile consumption of major Coverage begin: Options for The Royal Navy was the first to actually chasers materials: Provisions to be supplied to r 7I8 with (he first ( Medium-Sized complete a hybrid with the converted Fairmile Motor Launches on ubmarine project for l - ,_ « i battlccruiser HMS Furious which boasted a By JOHN LAMBERT and AL ROSS Commissioning: Fairmile designed class- ti"san r Pelcr the Great and \ d** Navies flight deck forward and an 18-inch gun aft. Published by Conway Maritime Press ot performance data; Service summaries for the London cononcludee s in the year \ By D.K. Brown Joining the Battle Fleet at Scapa Flow in Norwegian manned MTB.618; and the Distributed in Australia by Princeton Books 1990 with the Published by Conway July, I9I7 Furious began conversion to a PO Box 24, Cheltenham, Victoria 3192 Indian manned HMIML 440. commissioning of the Maritime Press full aircraft carrier in I922. RRP.$140.00 Unquestionably this is a superb reference giant Typhoon class Next was the 12.000 ton cruiser HMS book and answers virtually every This 192 page long ballistic missile VINDICTIVE (ex-Cavendish) which was The first volume of Allied Coastal conceivable question that may be raised on hook offers a vision of submarines. launched in January, 1918 and completed in Forces of World War II gives a highly these often forgotten diminutive maids-of- (he Royal Navy in the Excellent coverage is October, joining the Grand Fleet at Rosyth. detailed account of the Fairmile boats - all-work which saw active service in most later years of the also provided of the VINDICTIVE boasted 4 x7.5 inch guns and the A & B class MLs, the C class MGBs theatres of war. My only regret is that the 1990s and early 20th various submarine a 64 metre flight deck extending from and the D class Mills & MGBs along price will place the book out of reach of century. weapons, from the early forward of the superstructure and with the Fairmile F type MGBs, the many potential readers. Recommended mines and torpedoes to The author has terminating well short of the stem to give a Fairmile H type LCI (s) & LCS fL)(2) and reading. - Vic Jeffery. 22 The Navy, October-December, 1991 The Navy, October-December, 1991 23 French frigate BALNY departs harbour after a five day visit (S Morrison) 24 The Navy, October-December, 1991 The Navy, October-December, 1991 25 MV Nafanua (PPB 04) Navy League/NRC News Western Samoa by LCDR CHRIS CHURCHER RAN WM &qm) Forty-three NKC personnel including officers, instructors and cadets (male and female) departed Brisbane on 18th September arriving back home on the 30th. The MV NAFANUA was handed over to the Western propellers. Once the emergency requirements wen over the ship was following account of our overseas training venture has been written by one of our slipped in Pago Pago. American Samoa. female cadets 16 years old LS Lesley McCauley. Samoa Government in Vremantie on 19 March On the return passage alter the repairs the Western Samoan 1988. After a period of training, the ship sailed for Shipping Corporation Vessel 'Tausala SalalV was found adrift off the Western Samoa arriving in Apia on 26 May 1988. eastern end of Uplou. The barge had been adrift for about three weeks fter a lew hours stopover in Sydney, maintenance facilities. Park, also within the Pearl Harbour Naval NAFANUA is operated by the Maritime Wing of the Western since the Cyclone. The barge has subsequently been returned to which included a visit to I.MAS On the base we had alt the comforts and Base. This area is maintained as a memorial Samoa Police and Prisons Service. The Maritime Wing currently has service. Watson, we arrived in Honolulu at services of a local community such as to the 52 US submarines and 3.505 Unfortunately the ship grounded in Apia Harbour about one A 15 personnel attached to if, all of whom form the ere* of the Patrol 0530. where shortly afterwards (he Executive medical/denial facility, a major department submariners who were "lost" during World Boat- There are plans in place to increase the size of the Wing lo 20 month later needing the ship to return lo Pago Pago for more repairs. Director of ihe local US Navy League and store (The Navy Exchange), a Commissary, a War II. Wc saw submarine equipment, which will allow a small support clement to work in the wharf By mid-May 1990 the ship was back in service. Since that lime the three US Navy personnel complete with McDonald's and a Pizza Hut. and numerous photographs and memorabilia and walked facility. ship has been employed on fisheries surveillance tasks. Search and buses arrived and took us quite some recreational facilities such as Gym/Fitness through an historic World War 11 submarine. NAFANUA is operated as a civilian registered vessel. This Rescue operations and a number of short duration charter operations. distance from downtown Honolulu to the Centre, two on-base swimming pools, beach ( J.II unit continued its training with tours required the ship to be maintained in survey to the requirements of These include the laying of a Wave/swell measuring buoy for the Barbers Point Naval Air Station where we and beach cottages. around the Cruiser/Destroyer base at Pearl the Western Samoa Ministry of Transport. The task of maintaining United Nations Development Program. In December 1990 the ship were to be accommodated during our stay. Our first outing was a day trip to the Harbour, ship visits to USS Coronodo (AGF undertook her first visit outside of the Samoas when the Western l the vessel in survey is made easier because of the commercially This major naval air station supports -> Arizona Memorial and Visitor Centre and II the 7th Fleet Flagship), a ship of the Samoa Police Band was transported to Tonga for the Tongan King's available equipment that has been used in the ship. tenant commands and aircraft vary from P-3s Bowfin Park. The Arizona Memorial Japanese Training Squadron (visitors at the Silver Jubilee. There arc three Advisers attached to Western Samoa. LCDR Chris to helos. The base is home to some 14,700 complex comprises the structure spanning same time), witnessed US sailors undergoing Churcher who is the Maritime Surveillance Adviser is responsible for The ship has functioned well since being in Western Samoa military personnel, their dependents and the sunken battleship USS Arizona and the fire-fighting training, etc.. visited their stores advising on the operation of the Patrol Boat and the operation of the although the Cyclone affected all aspects of the Samoan economy civilian employees. During >ur stay wc Visitor Centre which includes a museum and and maintenance areas and lunched with National Surveillance Centre. CPOETC4 lerry Thurbon is the pulling limitations on the Patrol Boat over the last financial year. The inspected several operational squadrons, picture theatre which shows a film of the them in their messes. Electrical Adviser and CPOMEA Peter Ward (RNZN> is the Marine effects of the Cyclone are still being felt in the economy and may "climbing through" their planes. Control Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbour in 1941. During our stay wc also made visits, Enginecm.^ Adviser. remain for some years. Tower and Operations plus some of their We then visited the Bowfin Memorial courtesy of the US Navy buses, to (he NAFANUA has primarily been employed on surveillance tasks within the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). This relatively small area of approximately 40.000 square miles allows the ship to conduct a lot of short patrols rather than fewer lengthy patrols. THE NAVY' During her two year career NAFANUA has apprehended three vessels for alleged fishing within the EEZ. The ship operates from a number of places around the coasts of both of the main islands. Uplou and Savaii. Other operations include charter work for the All enquiries regarding the Nauy Tokclau Affairs Office, towing jobs and laying aggregating devices Magazine, subscriptions and editorial for the Fisheries Department. matters should be sent to: At the beginning of February 1990 Tropical Cyclone Ofa hit the Samoan islands. NAFANUA was manned continuously for 48 hours during the height of the Cyclone remaining within the harbour area. The ships had been unable to clear the harbour for the lack of The Hon. Secretary, NSW Division accurate weather information. After the cyclone had passed the NAVY LEAGUE of AUSTRLAIA NAFANUA was the only vessel left in Western Samoa that was capable of inter-island work. The ship was used extensively in GPO Box 1719, SYDNEY, NSW, 2001 ferrying people between the islands of Uplou and Savaii. During these ferry operations the ship grounded and damaged both SUPPORT THE ARCADIA-CHEM PTYLTD (Incorporated in Victoriu) (AQJUTVCHEM DIVISION) RED CROSS Suppliers of Distillation Hums to IX'tuirtmcnt of die Xuvy 39 MALCOLM ROAD BLOOD BANK MORIMALLOC, VIC, 3195 Phone: (03) 580 1655. Fax: (03) 580 8337 TS GAYUNDAH ships company at the Barbers Point Naval Air Station 26 The Navy, October-December 1991 The Navy. October-December, 1991 27 NAVY LEAGUE NRC Proud to be Associated with the NEWS continued Royal Australian Navy JOHN CRANE Submarines Base (restricted phoioyrapliy area), Marine Corps Base, Coast Guard Air AUST PTY LTD Station ami the Coast Guard Sea I'm! al Saiki Island where we were .ill taken lor an hour al sea in one ol llien patrol boats. Overall, we saw a loi of the US military'i fi.iu.iii.iii facilities including several service niuseuitis and memorials. AUSTRALIAN THREAD PO BOX 200 Even dm 1,11: free time our hosts kepi lis on lite move around the island, visilinj; PTYLTD BANKSTOWN Waiktki Beach. Sunsei Bcatli on ihc north side ol Ihc island. I tie Hard Rock Cafe and Manufacturers of Full Range of Industrial Sewing best of all. we went shopping. NSW, 2200 Threads to Suit all needs We visilcd the Barbers Putin US Sea Cadei Unit during thcii evening training * Quality * Service * Technology * Advi » parade and they liuMcd us lo a must Contractors to the Department of excellent and entertaining all day Saturday Suite 5, 19/35 Gertrude Street Defence for Shaft Seals and Seats barbecue al ihe base's beaeh Overall our trip to Hav.au was very enjoyable, great luti Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065 and most ol all n was a lerrilic (raining Mixed choir singing Advance Australia Fair Telephone: (03) 419 7522 experience. Fax: (03) 419 5863 Group of US Navy League foi arranging Ihe complement of our cadets is presently in Phone: On behalf of ihe cadets of T/S Gayundah visit: Singapore for the June school holidays, Toll Free: (008) 22 4126 I would like to thank: being hosted on this occasion by the I The CO and staff of Barbers Point .VOur parents and the Unit's Parents Singjpore National Cadet Corps (Sea). Head Office: (02) 709 2288 Naval Air Station lor having us and Committee for financing ihe trip; and. 125-129 Station Road, Seven Hills, NSW, 2147 providing the aceomiiiod.il ions and 4. Our officers and instructors lor J. STANTON Telephone: (02) 624 6777. Fax: (02) 674 2894 transport organising such a fantastic ACT Lieutenant Commander NRC Fax: (02) 707 4646 2. The Directors of ihe Pearl harboui For your further inform a I ion. a Commanding Officer Telex: AA20731 efrigeration APPLIED INSULATION GEC ALSTH0M AUSTRALIA BD1 iRdllLO©^''®® (WA) PTYLTD POWER PLANT ENGINEERING DIVISION (A Division ol Executive Bjildmg Services In!) * Air Conditioning. Refrigeration • Design, Install, Service. - Thermal • Acoustic • Structural Fire Protection • Hot and Cold SUPPLY AND SERVICE OF PROPULSION AND AUXILIARY HIGH DIESEL ENGINES TO NAVIES OF THE WORLD Maintenance • Central Plant Systems • Commercial and Piping • Engine Exhaust • General Sheet Metal Work Domestic Air Conditioning • Marine Relngeralion • Computer PAXMAN A DORMAN A KELVIN it RUSTOIM Rooms * Mechanical Services * Electrical Services and SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF QUALITY HIGH TEMPERATURE • Energy Management Systems INSULATED BLANKETS WITH STAINLESS STEEL MESH GF.C Alsthom is a defence assessed supplier credited to Standard AS1822 PROTECTION. STAINLESS STEEL DUCTING WORK Phone: (09) 244 2088. Facsimile: (09) 446 8109 UNIT 3/16 GUTHRIE STREET 7 BALLANTYNE RD, KEWDALE, WA, 6105 <§!<§ MMfflm OSBORNE PARK, WA, 6017 Phone: (09) 451 6309. Fax: (09) 458 4562 MELBOURNE (03) 544 8344 A PERTH (09) 410 2944 BRISBANE (07) 268 4344 .V ADELAIDE (08) 274 1643 Proud to be Suppliers of Quality Fruit Juices to the Department of Defence GEC ALSTHOM AUSTRALIA LIMITED BERRIVALE ORCHARDS LIMITED (incorporated in NSW) POWER PLANT ENGINEERING DIVISION NAWEENA ROAD, REGENCY PARK, SA, 5010 16 Hunter Street, Hornsby NSW 2077 PO Box 102, Hornsby NSW 2077 Chilled Fruit Juices, Canned Cordial and Concentrate Products TELEPHONE: (02) 477 5744 Telephone: (08) 346 8133. Fax: (08) 340 0652 FACSIMILE: (02) 477 5484 • TELEX: AA170799 28 The Navy, October-December, 19 A terrible prediction that will upset 8 out of 10 Australians. In the next thirty years, 8 out of 10 Australians who retire will realise, too late, that they have not invested enough in their superannuation. Their living standards may drop dramatically. To find out if your current super will provide you with the living standard you want, take a lew minutes and call MLC today, or send in the coupon below. You can find out how much you should he putting away and a whole lot more. Easy-to-understand advice that's free yet invaluahle. You're under no obligation. But those few minutes now could save you years of disappointment. Phone the Nest Egg People iVILC (02) 414 5998 or send the coupon below YES! I want to make sure my nest egg will be adequate for my retirement years. I I Please arrange for an MLC Agent to contact me Please send more information on MLC Personal Superannuation Surname Given Name Address Postcode Workphone Home Phone Send to: Bruce Morris, MLC Life Agency Services Manager, PO Box 5156, West Cbatswood, NSW, 2057 PLEASE NOTE THIS MATERIAL WAS FILMED AT A REDUCTION RATIO OF 23.5x SOME PAGES MAY CONTAIN POOR PRINT, TIGHT BINDING, FLAWS AND OTHER DEFECTS WHICH APPEAR ON THE FILM