Taxon/Country Combinations Subject to Long-Standing No Opinions

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UNEP-WCMC technical report

Taxon/country combinations subject to long-standing no opinions

(Version edited for public release)

Taxon/country combinations subject to long-standing no opinions

Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels, Belgium

Published October 2016

Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2016. Taxon/country combinations subject to long-standing no opinions. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge.

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Contents

Introduction and summary ...... 1 Methods ...... 3 Taxon/country combinations for which there has been trade to the EU-28 2010-2014 ...... 4 Taxon/country combinations for which there has been no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 2010-2014 and the taxa are not globally threatened ...... 8 Taxon/country combinations that are globally threatened or included in EU Annex A, with no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 2010-2014 ...... 25 Annex I. Summary of trade in taxon/country combinations subject to EU no opinions since 2010 or earlier...... 35 Annex II. Country name abbreviations...... 44

Introduction and summary

This report provides an overview of trade levels in 1071 taxon/country combinations subject to long-standing EU ‘no opinions’ that have been in place since 2010 or earlier.

The EU Wildlife Trade Regulations (Council Regulation EC No. 338/97) refer to the concept of ‘opinions’ of the Scientific Review Group (SRG) (e.g. in Articles 4.1a, 4.2a and 17.2b); however such opinions are not defined by the Regulation. Historically, ‘no opinions’ were formed in a variety of circumstances, including in the absence of trade, or when there was a lack of specific information on which to form a confident positive or negative opinion for a particular taxon/country combination. In order to standardise the use of No opinions three different types of No opinion were defined by the SRG in June 2011

No opinion i) - no significant trade anticipated. The species is not currently (or is only rarely) in trade, and no significant trade in relation to the conservation status of the species is anticipated

No opinion ii) – decision deferred. There are insufficient data on the species.

No opinion iii) – referral to the SRG. The species is not currently (or is only rarely) in trade, but significant trade in relation to the conservation status of the species could be anticipated.

No opinions for some taxon/country combinations have been in place for a relatively long time and there has been no comprehensive review to date on the current suitability of these long-standing decisions. The methodology for this review is given in detail on page 3 of this report, and is based on similar reviews of long-standing import suspensions and long-standing positive opinions.

A total of 1071 taxon/country combinations were found to be subject to EU No opinions formed in 2010 or earlier (Table 1). This report presents an overview of trade levels in these combinations (see Annex I to this document) and provides a suggested approach for systematically reviewing them.

Table 1. Taxon/country combinations subject to long-standing no opinions (in place since 2010 or earlier and that have not been updated or replaced by any subsequent opinions or suspensions).

Region (total number of taxa) Class No opinion No opinion i) No opinion ii) No opinion iii) Total

Africa Mammalia 94 26 0 5 125 (452) Aves 41 46 0 70 157 Reptilia 50 10 2 73 135 Amphibia 0 0 0 2 2 Arachnida 1 0 0 0 1 Bivalvia 1 0 0 0 1 Plantae 10 0 2 16 28 Asia Mammalia 51 16 0 32 99 (271) Aves 16 37 1 25 79 Reptilia 18 0 0 30 48 Actinopterygii 0 0 0 3 3 Insecta 1 3 0 0 4 Plantae 11 2 5 20 38 Central & South Mammalia 32 16 0 0 48 America & Aves 61 36 0 6 103 Caribbean Reptilia 19 0 0 32 51 (219) Amphibia 3 0 0 0 3 Plantae 0 0 1 13 14 Europe Mammalia 3 0 0 16 19 (75) Aves 0 1 0 12 13 Reptilia 0 0 0 2 2 Actinopterygii 0 0 0 5 5 Plantae 21 0 13 2 36 North America Mammalia 1 0 1 1 3 (11) Aves 6 0 0 0 6 Reptilia 0 0 0 2 2 Oceania Mammalia 1 0 0 0 1 (47) Aves 12 14 0 1 27 Reptilia 7 0 0 3 10 Actinopterygii 0 0 0 1 1 Bivalvia 2 1 0 2 5 Anthozoa 0 0 1 1 2 Total 462 208 26 375 1071

Methods

A list of taxon/country combinations with EU No opinions in place since at least 2010 was extracted from Species+1 and the corresponding CITES trade data as reported by both importers and exporters from 2010 to 2014 were extracted from the CITES Trade Database in July 20162. Only sources wild, unknown and unspecified were considered (except where the no opinion was formed for another source). Scientific specimens3 were also excluded from the analysis.

Trade levels were defined as follows:

 Virtually no trade: a total of ≤10 units in commercial trade (Purpose T) and ≤30 units (other purposes) for mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, or a total of ≤50 units in commercial trade and ≤100 units (other purposes) for invertebrates or plants.  Low trade: Above ‘Virtually no trade’ levels, but a total of ≤500 units  Moderate trade: a total of >500 and ≤1000 units  High trade: a total of >1000 units

1 www.speciesplus.net 2 trade.cites.org 3 All trade reported with either Purpose ‘S’ or Term ‘specimen’ 3

Taxon/country combinations for which there has been recent trade to the EU-28 2010-2014

Taxon/country combinations for which there is trade to the EU-28 2010-2014 (i.e. those that did not meet the criteria for ‘no or virtually no trade to the EU-28’) are presented in Table 2 with summaries of trade levels. Further details on trade are available in Annex I.

Table 2. Taxon/country combinations for which there has been trade to the EU-28 2010-2014.

Taxon (IUCN Red EU Common name Date Opinion Type of No Country Trade summary List) Annex put in place Opinion (source; if not 2010-2014 wild) MAMMALIA Lama guanicoe4 B Guanaco 15/03/2005 No opinion Chile High commercial trade (meat, skins) to the EU with virtually no commercial trade (hair) to (LC) elsewhere. Virtually no trade for other purposes. Hippopotamus B Hippopotamus 27/01/1999 No opinion Benin Low trade for commercial purposes (teeth) to the EU-28 or elsewhere, and low trade for other amphibius (VU) purposes (trophies, teeth, derivatives) to the EU-28. Ethiopia No commercial trade. Virtually no trade (tusks, trophies, skulls) for other purposes to elsewhere.

Ursus maritimus B Polar Bear 26/05/2008 No opinion Greenland No commercial trade. Low trade for other purposes (mainly skins, skulls and carvings) to the EU- (VU) 28 and elsewhere. Monodon A Narwhal 16/02/2010 No opinion ii) Canada Virtually no commercial trade (tusks) to the EU-28, Low commercial trade (mainly tusks and monoceros (NT) teeth) to elsewhere. Low trade for other purposes to both EU-28 (mainly tusks and teeth) and elsewhere (mainly tusks and teeth). Greenland No commercial trade to the EU-28 or elsewhere. High trade for other purposes to the EU-28 (carvings, tusks), virtually no trade for other purposes to elsewhere (carvings, tusks). AVES

Harpyopsis B New Guinea 16/02/2010 No opinion i) PNG No commercial trade. High trade (feathers) for other purposes to elsewhere. novaeguineae (VU) Eagle Aratinga mitrata B Mitred Conure 23/06/1999 No opinion Peru No trade to the EU-28. Moderate commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. (LC) Aratinga wagleri B Red-fronted 23/06/1999 No opinion Peru No trade to the EU-28. High commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. (LC) Conure Psittacus erithacus B Grey Parrot 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Mali No trade to the EU-28. High commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. (VU) REPTILIA B South American Low commercial trade (leather products) to the EU-28. Caiman crocodilus Spectacled 14/09/2007 No opinion Colombia crocodilus Caiman Varanus albigularis B Rock Monitor 22/02/2000 No opinion Mozambique Low commercial trade (live) to the EU-28. High commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. Virtually no other trade (live) to elsewhere.

4 Other than the population of Tierra del Fuego

Taxon (IUCN Red EU Common name Date Opinion Type of No Country Trade summary List) Annex put in place Opinion (source; if not 2010-2014 wild) Varanus B African Large- 22/02/2000 No opinion Niger Low commercial trade (live) to the EU-28. exanthematicus grain Lizard 12/03/2009 No opinion i) Ghana Low commercial trade (live) to the EU, moderate commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. (LC) (ranched) Varanus niloticus B African Small- 15/09/2008 No opinion Ghana No trade to the EU-28. High commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. grain Lizard (ranched) Varanus salvator B Common Water 14/09/2007 No opinion Lao PDR No trade to the EU-28. High commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. (LC) Monitor Thailand Low commercial trade (leather products) to the EU-28.

Calabaria B African Burrowing 02/12/2008 No opinion i) Ghana Low commercial trade (live) to the EU-28, moderate commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. reinhardtii Python (ranched) Python brongersmai B Blood Python 03/12/2010 No opinion iii) Malaysia Moderate/High commercial trade (leather products and garments) to the EU-28. Low commercial (LC) trade (leather products) to elsewhere. Python molurus B Asiatic Rock 18/07/2001 No opinion Viet Nam Low commercial trade (skin pieces and leather products) to the EU-28, moderate commercial Python trade (leather products) to elsewhere Python sebae B African Python 15/09/2008 No opinion Togo (ranched) Low commercial trade to the EU, low/moderate commercial trade to elsewhere

Indotestudo B Elongated 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Viet Nam Low commercial trade (live) to both EU-28 and elsewhere. elongata (EN) Tortoise B Bell's Hinged- 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) South Africa Low commercial trade (live) to the EU-28. Kinixys belliana backed Tortoise Kinixys erosa (DD) B Common Tortoise 03/12/2010 No opinion i) Benin Low commercial trade (live) to both EU-28 and elsewhere.

Kinixys natalensis B Natal Hinge-back 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) South Africa Virtually no/Low commercial trade (live) to the EU-28. (NT) Tortoise Stigmochelys B Leopard Tortoise 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Zambia5 Moderate commercial trade (live) to the EU-28 and High commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. pardalis (LC) ACTINOPTERYGII

Huso huso (CR) B Beluga 18/05/2010 No opinion iii) Azerbaijan Low commercial trade (caviar) to the EU-28.

Cheilinus undulatus B Giant Humphead 29/02/2008 No opinion Australia Low commercial trade (live) to the EU-28 and elsewhere. Virtually no trade (live) for other (EN) Wrasse purposes to the EU-28 and elsewhere. ARACHNIDA

Pandinus imperator B Emperor 15/09/2008 No opinion Ghana Moderate commercial trade (live) to the EU-28 and High commercial trade (live) to elsewhere. Scorpion (ranched) INSECTA

5 Refer to CIRCA for details relating to captive breeding

Taxon (IUCN Red EU Common name Date Opinion Type of No Country Trade summary List) Annex put in place Opinion (source; if not 2010-2014 wild) Troides B - 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia Virtually no commercial trade (bodies) to the EU-28. Moderate commercial trade (bodies) to andromache (NT) (ranched) elsewhere BIVALVIA

Hippopus B Bear Paw Clam 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Micronesia (Born High commercial trade (live) to the EU-28 and elsewhere. hippopus (LR/cd) in captivity [F1 and subsequent]) FLORA

Tillandsia B Xerographic 09/10/2003 No opinion iii) Philippines No trade to the EU, High trade (live) to elsewhere. xerographica Tillandsia (artificially propagated) Cactaceae B Cacti 30/11/2009 No opinion iii) Peru High commercial trade (stems, timber, dried plants, carvings) to the EU-28 and elsewhere.

Pachypodium B - 12/06/2006 No opinion Madagascar Low commercial trade (live) to the EU-28 and elsewhere. horombense Aquilaria B Agarwood 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Indonesia Moderate/high commercial trade (chips, powder, timber) to the EU-28. malaccensis (VU) Gonystylus B Ramin 12/03/2009 No opinion iii) Indonesia High commercial trade (timber) to the EU-28 and elsewhere.

Gyrinops versteegii B - 12/06/2006 No opinion Indonesia No trade to the EU-28. High commercial trade (chips) to elsewhere

Cyclamen coum B - 26/05/2008 No opinion iii) Georgia No trade to the EU-28. High commercial trade (live, roots) to elsewhere

Prunus africana B African Cherry 18/11/1998 No opinion ii) Congo Low commercial trade (bark) to the EU-28. High commercial trade (bark) to elsewhere (VU) Swietenia B American 25/10/2005 No opinion iii) Honduras Virtually no trade (timber) for both commercial and other purposes to the EU-28. High commercial macrophylla (VU) mahogany trade (timber) and low trade (timber) for other purposes to elsewhere, 03/12/2010 No opinion ii) Peru Low commercial trade (timber) to the EU-28. High commercial trade (timber) to elsewhere

Taxon/country combinations for which there has been no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 2010-2014 and the taxa are not globally threatened.

An analysis of CITES trade data (see Methods and Annex I) identified those taxon/country combinations which appear to have had no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 and low levels of trade to elsewhere 2010- 2014, hence anticipated trade is also assumed to be negligible. The majority of these taxa are categorised as not globally threatened, whilst some are Data Deficient or not assessed. Some of the taxa in these latter two categories may be threatened, however it is assumed that should any applications be received, then the non-detriment finding procedure would determine whether or not trade should be permitted.

In addition to the taxa presented in Table 3, Macaca fascicularis from Lao PDR was identified as having a long-standing no opinion (in place since 27/01/1999) and no trade recorded 2010-2014. The CITES Standing Committee formed a suspension for this taxon/country combination on 16/03/2016 through the Review of Significant Trade process (CITES Notification No. 2016/018).

Table 3. Non-threatened taxon/country combinations with no opinions in place since 2010 or earlier, in which there has been no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 since 2010. Globally threatened defined as listed as CR, EN or VU on the IUCN Red List.

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion MAMMALIA

Ovis ammon nigrimontana Kara Tau Argali 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Kazakhstan No trade

Chrysocyon brachyurus (NT) Maned Wolf 27/01/1999 No opinion Argentina No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion i) Bolivia, Peru No trade

Lycalopex griseus6 (LC) Argentine Grey Fox 27/03/2007 No opinion Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Peru No trade

Felis silvestris (LC) Wildcat 09/10/2003 No opinion Mozambique No trade

Leopardus colocolo7 (NT) Chilean Pampa Cat 27/01/1999 No opinion Argentina No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion i) Chile No trade

Leopardus pajeros Pampas Cat 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Chile No trade

Leptailurus serval (LC) Serval 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Algeria No trade

27/01/1999 No opinion Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, No trade Guinea, Lesotho, Mauritania, Mozambique

Lynx rufus (LC) Bay Lynx 27/03/2007 No opinion Mexico See page 36

Prionailurus bengalensis (LC) Leopard Cat 14/09/2007 No opinion Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei No trade except from Hong Kong SAR Darussalam, Cambodia, Dem. People’s Rep. and Malaysia. (see page 36) of Korea, Hong Kong SAR, India, Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Rep. of Korea, Russian Federation, Singapore, Taiwan, POC, Thailand, Viet Nam 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Macau No trade

Odobenus rosmarus laptevi Laptev Sea walrus 02/12/2008 No opinion iii) Russian Federation No trade

6 Opinion originally formed for Pseudalopex griseus 7 Opinion originally formed for Oncifelis colocolo

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (NT) Atlantic Walrus 02/12/2008 No opinion iii) Russian Federation No trade

Arctocephalus pusillus (LC) Afro-Australian Fur Seal 27/03/2007 No opinion Angola, Australia, Gabon, Mozambique No trade

Alouatta macconnelli (LC) Guyanan Red Howler Monkey 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Trinidad and Tobago No trade

Callithrix argentata Silvery Marmoset 27/01/1999 No opinion Brazil No trade

Callithrix humeralifera Black-and-white Tassel-ear Marmoset 27/01/1999 No opinion Brazil No trade

Callithrix jacchus (LC) Common Marmoset 27/01/1999 No opinion Brazil No trade

Callithrix penicillata (LC) Black-pencilled Marmoset 27/01/1999 No opinion Brazil No trade

Callithrix pygmaea Pygmy Marmoset 27/01/1999 No opinion Bolivia, Ecuador No trade

Cebus capucinus White-faced Capuchin 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Belize No trade

Cebus olivaceus Weeper Capuchin 27/01/1999 No opinion Guyana, Suriname No trade

Saguinus imperator (LC) Emperor Tamarin 27/01/1999 No opinion Bolivia, Brazil, Peru No trade

Saguinus mystax (LC) Moustached Tamarin 27/01/1999 No opinion Peru No trade

Cercocebus agilis (LC) Agile Mangabey 27/01/1999 No opinion CAR No trade

Cercopithecus ascanius (LC) Black-cheeked White-nosed Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion Angola, CAR, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan [prior to No trade except from Uganda (see secession of South Sudan], Uganda page 37) 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Burundi No trade

Cercopithecus cephus (LC) Moustached Monkey 16/02/2010 No opinion i) CAR No trade

27/01/1999 No opinion Cameroon, Gabon No trade except from Cameroon (see page 37) Cercopithecus mitis (LC) Blue Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion Mozambique No trade

05/09/2002 No opinion Ethiopia See page 37

Cercopithecus neglectus (LC) De Brazza's Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion CAR, Ethiopia, Gabon, Kenya No trade

Cercopithecus nictitans (LC) Greater White-nosed Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion Benin, Sierra Leone No trade

Cercopithecus petaurista (LC) Lesser Spot-nosed Guenon 27/01/1999 No opinion Senegal No trade

Cercopithecus pogonias Crowned Guenon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea No trade

27/01/1999 No opinion Gabon No trade

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Chlorocebus aethiops (LC) Grivet Monkey 05/09/2002 No opinion Ethiopia See page 37

Colobus angolensis (LC) Angolan Black-and-white Colobus 27/01/1999 No opinion Angola, Malawi, Uganda, Zambia No trade

Colobus guereza (LC) Eastern Black-and-white Colobus 27/01/1999 No opinion Ethiopia See page 37

Erythrocebus patas (LC) Patas Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion Somalia No trade

Lophocebus albigena (LC) Grey-cheeked Mangabey 27/01/1999 No opinion Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Uganda No trade

Macaca assamensis (NT) Assamese Macaque 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Nepal No trade

Macaca fascicularis (LC) Crab-eating Macaque 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Bangladesh, India No trade

Macaca mulatta (LC) Rhesus Macaque 27/01/1999 No opinion Myanmar, Pakistan, Thailand No trade

Miopithecus ogouensis (LC) Northern Talapoin 25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon No trade

Miopithecus talapoin (LC) Southern Talapoin 27/01/1999 No opinion Angola No trade

Papio anubis (LC) Anubis Baboon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Libya No trade

Papio hamadryas (LC) Hamadryas Baboon 27/01/1999 No opinion CAR, Chad, Congo, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, No trade. Sierra Leone, Somalia Papio papio (NT) Guinea Baboon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Guinea Bissau No trade

Presbytis femoralis (NT) Banded Langur 27/01/1999 No opinion Singapore, Thailand No trade

Presbytis rubicunda (LC) Maroon Langur 27/01/1999 No opinion Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia No trade

Procolobus verus (NT) Olive Colobus 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Sierra Leone, No trade Togo 27/01/1999 No opinion Guinea, Nigeria No trade

Theropithecus gelada (LC) Gelada Baboon 27/01/1999 No opinion Eritrea No trade

Trachypithecus obscurus (NT) Dusky Leaf Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion Bangladesh, Myanmar No trade

Trachypithecus villosus Silvered Langur 27/01/1999 No opinion Malaysia, Thailand No trade

Euoticus pallidus Northern Needle-clawed Bushbaby 27/01/1999 No opinion Equatorial Guinea No trade

Galago alleni Allen's Bushbaby 27/01/1999 No opinion Angola, Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Equatorial No trade Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Galago demidoff (LC)8 Demidoff's Dwarf Galago 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Burkina Faso, CAR No trade

Galago granti (LC)9 Grant's Dwarf Galago 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Malawi No trade

Galago matschiei (LC) Dusky Bushbaby 27/01/1999 No opinion DRC No trade

Galago moholi (LC) Lesser Bushbaby 27/01/1999 No opinion Mozambique No trade

Galago senegalensis (LC) Lesser Bushbaby 27/01/1999 No opinion Gambia No trade

Galago zanzibaricus (LC)10 Zanzibar Bushbaby 27/01/1999 No opinion Mozambique No trade

Otolemur crassicaudatus (LC) Greater Bushbaby 27/01/1999 No opinion Mozambique No trade

Arctocebus aureus (LC) Golden Potto 16/02/2010 No opinion i) CAR, Gabon No trade

Perodicticus potto (LC) Potto 27/01/1999 No opinion Angola, Liberia, Nigeria No trade

Callicebus torquatus (LC) Collared Titi 27/01/1999 No opinion Colombia, Venezuela No trade

Chiropotes chiropotes (LC) Bearded Saki 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Brazil No trade

Chiropotes israelita Brown-backed Bearded Saki 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Brazil No trade

Pithecia aequatorialis (LC) Equatorial Saki 27/01/1999 No opinion Peru No trade

Pithecia irrorata Bald-faced Saki 27/01/1999 No opinion Brazil, Peru No trade

Pithecia monachus Monk Saki 27/01/1999 No opinion Brazil, Ecuador, Peru No trade

Pithecia pithecia (LC) Buffy Saki 27/01/1999 No opinion Brazil No trade

Ratufa affinis (NT) Cream-coloured Giant Squirrel 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Singapore No trade

Ratufa bicolor (NT) Black Giant Squirrel 16/02/2010 No opinion i) China No trade

Tupaia belangeri (LC) Northern Treeshrew 27/01/1999 No opinion Bhutan No trade AVES

Aves11 Birds 15/03/2005 No opinion iii) Nicaragua (wild and ranched) See page 38

Chalcostigma olivaceum (LC) Olivaceous Thornbill 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

8 Assessed by the IUCN as Galagoides demidoff 9 Assessed by the IUCN as Galagoides granti 10 Opinion originally formed for, and assessed by the IUCN as, Galagoides zanzibaricus 11 Applications indicating source “R” should not be accepted. Applications for source “W” should be referred to the SRG

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Heliodoxa rubinoides Fawn-breasted Brilliant 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Goura victoria (NT) Victoria Crowned-Pigeon 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Buceros rhinoceros (NT) Rhinoceros Hornbill 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Thailand No trade

Tauraco corythaix (LC) Helmeted Turaco 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Mozambique No trade

Tauraco fischeri (NT) Fischer's Turaco 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Kenya, Somalia No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion i) Tanzania No trade

Tauraco leucolophus (LC) White-crested Turaco 25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon No trade

Tauraco macrorhynchus (LC) Black-tip Crested Turaco 13/05/1998 No opinion iii) Angola, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, DRC, No trade except from Ghana (see Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, page 38) Nigeria, Sierra Leone 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Guinea No trade.

Tauraco porphyreolophus12(LC) Purple-crested Turaco 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Botswana, Burundi, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, No trade Tanzania 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Uganda No trade

Accipiter badius (LC) Little Banded Sparrowhawk 05/09/2002 No opinion Uzbekistan See page 38

Accipiter toussenelii (LC) Red-chested Goshawk 15/03/2005 No opinion Guinea No trade

Buteo albonotatus (LC) Zone-tailed Hawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Buteo auguralis (LC) African Red-tailed Buzzard 15/03/2005 No opinion Guinea No trade

Buteo platypterus (LC) Broad-winged Hawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Circaetus cinereus (LC) Brown Harrier-Eagle 15/03/2005 No opinion Guinea No trade

Erythrotriorchis radiatus (NT) Red Goshawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Australia No trade

Hieraaetus wahlbergi13 (LC) Wahlberg's Eagle 15/03/2005 No opinion Guinea No trade

25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon See page 38

Lophoictinia isura (LC) Square-tailed Kite 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Australia No trade

12 Assessed by the IUCN as Gallirex porphyreolophus 13 Opinion originally formed for Aquila wahlbergi

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Melierax metabates (LC) Dark Chanting-Goshawk 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Guinea No trade.

Polyboroides typus (LC) African Gymnogene 15/03/2005 No opinion Guinea No trade

Spizaetus africanus (LC) Cassin's Hawk-Eagle 25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon No trade

Stephanoaetus coronatus (NT) African Crowned Eagle 25/10/2005 No opinion iii) Cameroon See page 38

Terathopius ecaudatus (NT) Bateleur 25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion i) Guinea No trade

Falco deiroleucus (NT) Orange-breasted Falcon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Belize, Guatemala No trade except from Belize (see page 38) Anthropoides virgo14 (LC) Demoiselle Crane 15/03/2005 No opinion iii) Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, No trade Bangladesh, Bhutan, Chad, Egypt, Former Serbia and Montenegro, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Montenegro, Morocco, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Rep. of Korea, Rep. of Moldova, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Rep., Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yemen 18/05/2010 No opinion iii) Sudan [prior to secession of South Sudan] No trade

Leiothrix lutea (LC) Red-billed Leiothrix 18/11/1998 No opinion ii) Hong Kong, SAR No trade

Gracula religiosa (LC) Common Hill Myna 18/07/2001 No opinion China, Viet Nam No trade

Ramphastos toco (LC) Toco Toucan 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Paraguay No trade

Psittaciformes (NA) Parrots 15/03/2005 No opinion iii) Nicaragua (wild and ranched) See page 37-38

Cacatua galerita (LC) Greater Sulphur-crested Cockatoo 10/09/1998 No opinion Indonesia, PNG No trade

Cacatua sanguinea (LC) Bare-eyed Cockatoo 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Charmosyna margarethae (NT) Duchess Lorikeet 23/06/1999 No opinion Solomon Islands No trade

14 Opinion originally formed for Grus virgo

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Charmosyna meeki (NT) Meek's Lorikeet 23/06/1999 No opinion Solomon Islands No trade

Lorius albidinucha (NT) White-naped Lory 16/11/1999 No opinion PNG No trade

Psitteuteles goldiei (LC) Goldie's Lorikeet 16/11/1999 No opinion Indonesia No trade

Psitteuteles iris (NT) Iris Lorikeet 10/09/1998 No opinion Indonesia No trade

Trichoglossus euteles (LC) Olive-headed Lorikeet 16/11/1999 No opinion Indonesia No trade

Trichoglossus johnstoniae (NT) Johnstone's Lorikeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Philippines No trade

Trichoglossus rubiginosus (NT) Pohnpei Lorikeet 16/11/1999 No opinion Micronesia No trade

Agapornis fischeri (NT) Fischer's Lovebird 22/04/1999 No opinion Burundi, Rwanda No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion i) Zimbabwe No trade

Agapornis fischeri (NT) Fischer's Lovebird 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Mozambique (ranched) No trade

Agapornis lilianae (NT) Lilian's Lovebird 22/04/1999 No opinion Mozambique (ranched), Zimbabwe No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion i) Tanzania No trade

Agapornis personatus (LC) Black-masked Lovebird 22/04/1999 No opinion Kenya No trade

Agapornis pullarius (LC) Red-faced Lovebird 22/04/1999 No opinion Benin, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, Chad, Ethiopia, No trade except from Benin (see page Nigeria, Tanzania 38) 25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon No trade

18/05/2010 No opinion i) Angola, Kenya No trade

Agapornis roseicollis (LC) Peach-faced Lovebird 22/04/1999 No opinion South Africa No trade

Alisterus chloropterus chloropterus Green-winged King Parrot 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Amazona aestiva (LC) Blue-fronted Amazon 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Paraguay See page 38

Amazona albifrons (LC) White-fronted Amazon 22/04/1999 No opinion Mexico No trade

Amazona amazonica (LC) Orange-winged Amazon 22/04/1999 No opinion Bolivia No trade

Amazona autumnalis (LC) Red-lored Amazon 22/04/1999 No opinion Brazil, Guatemala No trade

Amazona dufresniana (NT) Blue-cheeked Amazon 22/04/1999 No opinion Venezuela No trade

Amazona farinosa (NT) Mealy Amazon 22/04/1999 No opinion Belize, Honduras, Mexico No trade

Amazona kawalli (NT) Kawall's Amazon 23/06/1999 No opinion Brazil No trade

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Amazona mercenaria (LC) Scaly-naped Amazon 23/06/1999 No opinion Colombia No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion i) Venezuela No trade

Amazona ochrocephala (LC) Yellow-crowned Amazon 23/06/1999 No opinion Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago No trade except from Trinidad and Tobago (see page 38) Amazona xantholora (LC) Yellow-lored Amazon 23/06/1999 No opinion Honduras No trade

Amazona xanthops (NT) Yellow-faced Amazon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Bolivia, Paraguay No trade

Aprosmictus erythropterus (LC) Red-winged Parrot 23/06/1999 No opinion PNG No trade

Ara ararauna (LC) Blue-and-gold Macaw 23/06/1999 No opinion Panama, Peru No trade except from Panama (see page 39) Ara chloropterus (LC) Green-winged Macaw 23/06/1999 No opinion Peru No trade

Ara severus15 (LC) Chestnut-fronted Macaw 23/06/1999 No opinion Ecuador, Panama No trade

Aratinga aurea (LC) Golden-crowned Conure 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Argentina No trade

23/06/1999 No opinion Paraguay No trade

Aratinga erythrogenys (NT) Red-masked Conure 23/06/1999 No opinion Ecuador No trade

Bolborhynchus orbygnesius (LC) Andean Parakeet 23/06/1999 No opinion Peru No trade

Brotogeris sanctithomae (LC) Tui Parakeet 23/06/1999 No opinion Ecuador No trade

Brotogeris versicolurus (LC) Canary-winged Parakeet 23/06/1999 No opinion Ecuador, Suriname No trade

Deroptyus accipitrinus (LC) Hawk-headed Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Brazil No trade

Diopsittaca nobilis16 (LC) Hahn's Macaw 23/06/1999 No opinion Bolivia No trade

Eclectus roratus (LC) Eclectus Parrot 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Micropsitta bruijnii (LC) Red-breasted Pygmy-Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Solomon Islands No trade

Nannopsittaca dachilleae (NT) Amazonian Parakeet 16/11/1999 No opinion Bolivia, Peru No trade

Nannopsittaca panychlora (LC) Tepui Parakeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Brazil No trade

16/11/1999 No opinion Guyana No trade

15 Opinion originally formed for Ara severa 16 Opinion originally formed for Ara nobilis

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Pionopsitta pulchra (LC) Beautiful Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Colombia, Ecuador No trade

Pionopsitta pyrilia (NT) Saffron-headed Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Colombia, Panama, Venezuela No trade

Pionus chalcopterus (LC) Bronze-winged Parrot 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Pionus senilis (LC) White-capped Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Guatemala, Honduras, Panama No trade

Pionus tumultuosus (LC) Plum-crowned Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela No trade

Poicephalus crassus (LC) Niam-niam Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion CAR, Chad, DRC, Sudan [prior to secession of No trade South Sudan] Poicephalus cryptoxanthus (LC) Brown-headed Parrot 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Tanzania No trade

Poicephalus gulielmi (LC) Jardine's Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Equatorial Guinea No trade

Poicephalus meyeri (LC) Brown Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Eritrea, Ethiopia No trade

18/05/2010 No opinion i) Tanzania No trade

Poicephalus robustus (LC) Brown-necked Parrot 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Botswana, Gambia, Namibia, Senegal, South No trade except from South Africa Africa, Swaziland (see page 39) 16/11/1999 No opinion Ghana, Guinea Bissau No trade

Poicephalus rufiventris (LC) African Orange-bellied Parrot 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Tanzania No trade

Poicephalus senegalus (LC) Senegal Parrot 25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon No trade

16/11/1999 No opinion Burkina Faso, Chad, Liberia, Mauritania, Niger, No trade except from Burkina Faso Sierra Leone and Niger (see page 39) Polytelis alexandrae (NT) Alexandra's Parrot 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Australia No trade

Prosopeia personata (NT) Masked Shining-Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Fiji No trade

Prosopeia tabuensis (LC) Red Shining-Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Fiji, Tonga No trade

Psilopsiagon aurifrons (LC) Golden-fronted Parakeet 23/06/1999 No opinion Peru No trade

Psilopsiagon aymara (LC) Grey-hooded Parakeet 23/06/1999 No opinion Chile No trade

Psittacula alexandri (NT) Moustached Parakeet 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Psittacula cyanocephala (LC) Plum-headed Parakeet 16/11/1999 No opinion Bangladesh No trade

Psittacula finschii (NT) Grey-headed Parakeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Bangladesh, Cambodia No trade

Psittacula roseata (NT) Blossom-headed Parakeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) China No trade

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion 10/09/1998 No opinion Viet Nam No trade

Psittaculirostris edwardsii (LC) Edwards's Fig-Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Indonesia No trade

Psittinus cyanurus (NT) Blue-rumped Parrot 18/07/2001 No opinion Viet Nam No trade

Pyrrhura hoematotis (LC) Blood-eared Parakeet 16/11/1999 No opinion Venezuela No trade

Pyrrhura leucotis (NT) Maroon-faced Parakeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Brazil No trade

Pyrrhura picta (LC) Painted Conure 16/11/1999 No opinion Bolivia No trade

Rhea americana (NT) Common Rhea 18/07/2001 No opinion Argentina See page 39

Bubo vosseleri (LC) Usambara Eagle-owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Tanzania No trade

Glaucidium capense (LC) African Barred Owlet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) DRC No trade

Ketupa ketupu (LC) Buffy Fish-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Singapore No trade

Ninox affinis (NT) Andaman Boobook 16/02/2010 No opinion i) India No trade

Ninox rudolfi (NT) Sumba Boobook 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Otus brucei (LC) Pallid Scops-Owl 05/09/2002 No opinion Uzbekistan See page 39

Otus fuliginosus (NT) Palawan Scops-owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Philippines No trade

Otus longicornis (NT) Luzon Scops-owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Philippines No trade

Otus mindorensis (NT) Mindoro Scops-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Philippines No trade

Otus mirus (NT) Mindanao Scops-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Philippines No trade

Otus roboratus (LC)17 Peruvian Screech-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Pseudoscops clamator (LC)18 Striped Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Pulsatrix melanota (LC) Band-bellied Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Strix uralensis davidi (LC)19 Ural Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) China No trade

Strix woodfordii (LC) African Wood-Owl 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Guinea No trade.

17 Assessed by the IUCN as Megascops roboratus 18 Assessed by the IUCN as Asio clamator 19 Assessed by the IUCN as Strix uralensis

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Tyto manusi (LC)20 Manus Masked-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) PNG No trade

Tyto sororcula (LC)15 Lesser Masked-Owl 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade REPTILIA

Caiman crocodilus crocodilus South American Spectacled Caiman 14/09/2007 No opinion Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago No trade

Caiman crocodilus fuscus Brown Spectacled Caiman 22/02/2000 No opinion Belize, Costa Rica, Panama No trade except from Panama (see page 39)

Caiman crocodilus yacare Yacare Caiman 22/02/2000 No opinion Argentina See page 39

Uromastyx acanthinura Bell's Dabb Lizard 22/02/2000 No opinion Egypt No trade

Uromastyx ocellata (LC) Eyed Dabb Lizard 22/02/2000 No opinion Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen No trade.

Chamaeleo africanus (LC) African Chameleon 30/06/2009 No opinion iii) Chad No trade

Chamaeleo gracilis (LC) Graceful Chameleon 15/09/2008 No opinion Ghana (ranched) See page 39

Chamaeleo senegalensis (LC) Senegal Chameleon 15/09/2008 No opinion Ghana (ranched) See page 39

Furcifer pardalis (LC) Panther Chameleon 26/09/2006 No opinion Madagascar (ranched) No trade

Trioceros ellioti (LC) Montane Side-striped Chameleon 14/09/2010 No opinion i) Burundi No trade

Phelsuma dubia (LC) Bright-eyed Day Gecko 22/02/2000 No opinion Mozambique No trade

Phelsuma guimbeaui Mauritius Day Gecko 22/02/2000 No opinion Mauritius No trade

Heloderma horridum (LC) Beaded Lizard 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Guatemala, Mexico No trade

Tupinambis merianae (LC) Argentine Black and White Tegu 27/03/2007 No opinion Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay No trade except from Uruguay (see page 39) Varanus albigularis Rock Monitor 22/02/2000 No opinion DRC, Djibouti, Swaziland No trade

Varanus baritji Stone Monitor 22/02/2000 No opinion Australia No trade

Varanus bogerti (LC) Bogert's Monitor 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) PNG No trade

Varanus dumerilii Dumeril's Monitor 22/02/2000 No opinion Brunei Darussalam No trade

Varanus exanthematicus (LC) African Large-grain Lizard 22/02/2000 No opinion Burkina Faso, DRC, Liberia No trade

20 Assessed by the IUCN as Tyto novaehollandiae

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Varanus glauerti (LC) Glauert's Monitor 22/02/2000 No opinion Australia No trade

Varanus indicus (LC) Ambon Lizard 22/02/2000 No opinion Australia, Marshall Islands No trade

Varanus keithhornei Canopy goanna 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Australia No trade

Varanus kingorum Crevice Monitor 22/02/2000 No opinion Australia No trade

Varanus niloticus African Small-grain Lizard 22/02/2000 No opinion Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial No trade Guinea, Lesotho, Mauritania, Rwanda, Swaziland

15/09/2008 No opinion Ghana No trade

14/09/2010 No opinion i) Burundi, Mozambique No trade except from Mozambique (see page 40) Varanus pilbarensis Pilbara Monitor 22/02/2000 No opinion Australia No trade

Varanus salvator (LC) Common Water Monitor 14/09/2007 No opinion Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, No trade except from Philippines and Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam Viet Nam (see page 40) Varanus similis (LC) - 22/02/2000 No opinion PNG No trade

Varanus telenesetes (DD) Rossell Island Tree Monitor 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) PNG No trade

Varanus yemenensis (DD) Yemen Monitor 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Saudi Arabia, Yemen No trade

Boa constrictor Ampalagua 22/02/2000 No opinion Costa Rica No trade

Calabaria reinhardtii African Burrowing Python 03/12/2010 No opinion iii) Benin See page 40

Epicrates striatus Fischer's Tree Boa 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Haiti No trade

Eunectes deschauenseei (DD) Dark-spotted Anaconda 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Brazil No trade

Eunectes notaeus Yellow Anaconda 22/02/2000 No opinion Bolivia, Uruguay No trade

Gongylophis colubrinus East African Sand Boa 14/09/2010 No opinion i) Tanzania No trade

Python anchietae Angolan Python 22/02/2000 No opinion Angola, Namibia No trade

Python curtus Sumatran Short-tailed Python 22/02/2000 No opinion Brunei Darussalam No trade

Python molurus Asiatic Rock Python 22/02/2000 No opinion Lao PDR No trade

Python regius Ball Python 22/02/2000 No opinion CAR, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, No trade Liberia

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Python reticulatus Java Rock Python 22/02/2000 No opinion Bangladesh, Cambodia No trade

Python sebae African Python 22/02/2000 No opinion South Africa See page 40

25/10/2005 No opinion iii) Niger See page 40

12/06/2006 No opinion Niger (ranched) No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Mozambique No trade

04/12/2010 No opinion ii) Benin See page 41

Tropidophis haetianus Haitian Dwarf Boa 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Haiti No trade

Podocnemis expansa (NT) Arrau 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Trinidad No trade and Tobago, Venezuela Chelonoidis carbonaria21 Red-footed Tortoise 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Anguilla (United Kingdom), Antigua and No trade except from Colombia (see Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, page 41). British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom), Colombia, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat (United Kingdom), Panama, Paraguay, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela , Virgin Islands of the USA Homopus boulengeri Boulenger's Cape Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) South Africa No trade

Homopus femoralis Greater Dward Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Lesotho No trade

Homopus signatus (NT) Speckled Cape Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Namibia, South Africa No trade

Kinixys belliana Bell's Hinged-backed Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Burkina Faso, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, No trade. Cameroon, CAR, Congo, DRC, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe

21 Opinion originally formed for Geochelone carbonaria

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion

15/09/2008 No opinion Ghana (ranched) See page 41

Kinixys erosa (DD) Common Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Angola, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, No trade. Cameroon, CAR, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda 15/09/2008 No opinion Ghana (ranched) No trade

15/09/2008 No opinion iii) Togo (ranched) See page 41

03/12/2010 No opinion i) Benin (ranched) See page 41

Kinixys natalensis (NT) Natal Hinge-back Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Mozambique, Swaziland No trade

Psammobates oculifer African Serrated Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Botswana, Namibia No trade

Psammobates tentorius African Tent Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Namibia No trade

Stigmochelys pardalis (LC) Leopard Tortoise 10/12/1999 No opinion22 Namibia, Swaziland No trade except from Namibia (see page 42) 14/09/2010 No opinion i) Tanzania No trade AMPHIBIA

Ameerega bassleri (NT) Pleasing Poison Frog 12/06/2006 No opinion Peru (ranched) No trade INSECTA

Ornithoptera tithonus (DD) Tithonus Birdwing 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia See page 42

Troides andromache (LR/nt) 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade BIVALVIA

Hippopus hippopus (LR/cd) Bear Paw Clam 15/05/2002 No opinion Micronesia See page 42

25/06/2004 No opinion iii) New Caledonia (aquaculture) No trade ANTHOZOA

Oxypora lacera (LC) Porous Lettuce Coral 27/03/2007 No opinion ii) Tonga No trade

22 Opinion originally formed for Geochelone pardalis

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion FLORA

Alluaudia comosa - 12/06/2006 No opinion Madagascar No trade

Galanthus gracilis (DD) Slender Snowdrop 02/09/1997 No opinion iii) Turkey No trade

Galanthus nivalis (NT) Common Snowdrop 22/07/1997 No opinion ii) Albania, Norway, Rep. of Moldova, Russian No trade Federation, Turkey Sternbergia lutea Common Sternbergia 22/07/1997 No opinion ii) Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and No trade Herzegovina, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Russian Federation, Syrian Arab Rep., Turkmenistan 02/09/1997 No opinion Turkey No trade

Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jordan, Ukraine No trade

Angraecum praestans Outstanding Angraecum 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar See page 43

Bulbophyllum putidum23 - 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) India, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, No trade Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam Cephalanthera damasonium White Helleborine 02/04/2002 No opinion Ukraine No trade

Cephalanthera rubra Red Helleborine 02/04/2002 No opinion Ukraine No trade

Dactylorhiza romana Roman Dactylorhiza 02/04/2002 No opinion Israel, Ukraine No trade

Dendrobium aduncum Angel-fish Dendrobe 09/03/2006 No opinion Viet Nam No trade

Dendrobium chrysotoxum Fried-egg Orchid 15/12/1997 No opinion Thailand No trade

Dendrobium oligophyllum Few-flowered Dendrobium 15/12/1997 No opinion Thailand No trade

Dendrobium parishii Parish's Dendrobium 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Cambodia, China, India, Lao PDR, Myanmar, No trade Thailand, Viet Nam Erasanthe henrici - 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar See page 43

Eulophiella elisabethae Elizabeth's Eulophiella 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar See page 43

Eulophiella roempleriana Roempler's Eulophiella 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar See page 43

23 Opinion originally formed for Mastigion putidum

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Current type Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place of No opinion Grammangis ellisii Ellis's Grammangis 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar No trade

Habenaria rhodocheila Little Dragon 15/12/1997 No opinion Thailand No trade

Himantoglossum hircinum Lizard Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Israel No trade

Ophrys apifera Bee Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Jordan, Russian Federation, Ukraine No trade

Ophrys holosericea Late Spider Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Former Yugoslavia No trade

Orchis coriophora Bug Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Israel No trade

Orchis laxiflora Loose-flowered Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Jordan, Ukraine No trade

Orchis pallens Pale-flowered Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Ukraine No trade

Orchis provincialis Provence Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Russian Federation, Ukraine No trade

Orchis punctulata Small-dotted Orchis 02/04/2002 No opinion Ukraine No trade

Orchis purpurea Lady Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Bosnia and Herzegovina No trade

Orchis simia Monkey Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Jordan, Ukraine No trade

Orchis tridentata Toothed Orchid 02/04/2002 No opinion Switzerland, Ukraine No trade

Phalaenopsis pulcherrima - 09/10/1997 No opinion i) Philippines, Singapore No trade

Rhynchostylis coelestis - 15/12/1997 No opinion Thailand No trade

Vanda concolor One-coloured Vanda 09/03/2006 No opinion Viet Nam No trade

Taxon/country combinations that are globally threatened or included in EU Annex A, with no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 2010-2014.

An analysis of CITES trade data (see Methods and Annex I) identified taxon/country combinations which appear to have no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 and low levels of trade to elsewhere 2010- 2014, hence anticipated trade is also assumed to be negligible (Tables 4 & 5).

Table 4. EU Annex A taxon/country combinations with no opinions in place since 2010 or earlier, in which there has been no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 since 2010

Taxon (IUCN Red Common name Date opinion Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 List) put in place opinion MAMMALIA

Ovis ammon,24 (NT) Argali 18/07/2001 No opinion Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russian Federation No trade except from China, Kazakhstan and Russian Federation (see page 35) Canis lupus (LC) Common Wolf 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Bangladesh, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, China, Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea, No trade except from China, Egypt, Georgia, Greenland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mexico, Montenegro, Myanmar, Nepal, Norway, Oman, Uzbekistan (See pages 36) Pakistan, Rep. of Korea, Rep. of Moldova, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Rep., Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Yemen Lynx lynx (LC) Eurasian Lynx 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Turkey No trade

Ursus arctos (LC) Brown Bear 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Turkey No trade

24 Except ssp. hodgsonii and nigrimontana

Table 5. Globally threatened taxon/country combinations with no opinions in place since 2010 or earlier, in which there has been no or virtually no trade to the EU-28 since 2010. Globally threatened defined as listed as CR, EN or VU on the IUCN Red List.

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place opinion MAMMALIA

Pudu mephistophiles (VU) Northern Pudu 27/01/1999 No opinion Colombia, Ecuador No trade

Hexaprotodon liberiensis (EN) Pygmy Hippopotamus 14/09/2010 No opinion iii) Guinea No trade

18/05/2010 No opinion iii) Côte d'Ivoire , Sierra Leone No trade

18/05/2010 No opinion i) Guinea Bissau No trade

Hippopotamus amphibius (VU) Hippopotamus 27/01/1999 No opinion Angola, Burundi, Côte d'Ivoire, CAR, Chad, Equatorial No trade except from CAR (see Guinea, Eritrea, Guinea Bissau, Senegal page 37) 12/03/2009 No opinion i) DRC No trade

18/12/2006 No opinion Ghana No trade

Cynogale bennettii (EN) Otter-civet 11/09/2009 No opinion iii) Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, Thailand No trade

12/03/2009 No opinion iii) Malaysia No trade

18/07/2001 No opinion i) Viet Nam No trade

Equus zebra hartmannae (VU) Hartmann's Mountain Zebra 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Angola (Occurrence uncertain) See page 37

Manis temminckii (VU) Cape Pangolin 10/12/1999 No opinion South Africa See page 37

Manis tetradactyla (VU) Black-bellied Pangolin 05/09/2002 No opinion Gabon No trade

10/12/1999 No opinion Nigeria No trade

Myrmecophaga tridactyla (VU) Giant Anteater 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Belize, Uruguay No trade

Ateles paniscus (VU) Red-faced Black Spider Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Suriname No trade except from Guyana (see page 37) 16/02/1999 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Lagothrix cana (EN) - 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru No trade

Cercocebus atys (VU) Sooty Mangabey 10/12/1999 No opinion Côte d'Ivoire No trade

16/02/2010 No opinion i) Ghana See page 37

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place opinion Cercocebus torquatus (VU) Collared Mangabey 27/01/1999 No opinion Guinea, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone No trade.

Cercopithecus preussi (EN) Preuss's Guenon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea No trade

Colobus polykomos (VU) King Colobus 16/02/2010 No opinion Côte d'Ivoire No trade

27/01/1999 No opinion Guinea Bissau, Togo No trade

Colobus vellerosus (VU) Geoffroy's Pied Colobus 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana No trade

Macaca arctoides (VU) Bear Macaque 11/09/2009 No opinion iii) India, Thailand No trade

12/03/2009 No opinion iii) Malaysia No trade

Macaca leonina (VU) Northern Pig-tailed Macaque 16/02/2010 No opinion i) China No trade

Macaca maura (EN) Celebes Macaque 30/11/2009 No opinion iii) Indonesia No trade

Macaca nigra (CR) Celebes Black Macaque 30/11/2009 No opinion iii) Indonesia No trade

Macaca nigrescens (VU) Dumoga-bone Macaque 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Macaca ochreata (VU) Booted Macaque 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Macaca pagensis (CR) Mentawai Macaque 30/11/2009 No opinion iii) Indonesia No trade

Macaca tonkeana (VU) Tonkean Black Macaque 27/01/1999 No opinion Indonesia No trade

Presbytis frontata (VU) White-faced Langur 27/01/1999 No opinion Malaysia No trade

Presbytis hosei (VU) Grey Leaf Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia No trade

Trachypithecus phayrei (EN) Phayre's Langur 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Cambodia, China, India No trade

Trachypithecus vetulus (EN) Purple-faced Leaf Monkey 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Sri Lanka No trade

Nycticebus coucang (VU) Slow Loris 27/01/1999 No opinion China, Philippines, Singapore No trade

Nycticebus pygmaeus (VU) Lesser Slow Loris 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Cambodia, Lao PDR No trade

18/07/2001 No opinion Viet Nam No trade

Chiropotes satanas (CR) Bearded Saki 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Brazil No trade

Chiropotes utahickae (EN) Uta Hick's Bearded Saki 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Brazil No trade

AVES

Anas bernieri (EN) Bernier's Teal 11/09/2009 No opinion iii) Madagascar No trade

Balaeniceps rex (VU) Shoebill 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) DRC No trade

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place opinion 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Zambia No trade

Goura cristata (VU) Blue Crowned-Pigeon 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Goura scheepmakeri (VU) Maroon-breasted Crowned- 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade Pigeon Tauraco ruspolii (VU) Prince Ruspoli's Turaco 15/05/2002 No opinion Ethiopia No trade

Accipiter brachyurus (VU) New Britain Sparrowhawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) PNG No trade

Accipiter gundlachi (EN) Gundlach's Hawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Cuba No trade

Accipiter imitator (VU) Imitator Sparrowhawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) PNG, Solomon Islands No trade

Buteo galapagoensis (VU) Galapagos Hawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Ecuador No trade

Buteo ridgwayi (CR) Hispaniolan Hawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Dominican Republic, Haiti No trade

Falco fasciinucha (VU) Taita Falcon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South No trade Africa, Sudan [prior to secession of South Sudan], Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe Falco hypoleucos (VU) Grey Falcon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Australia, PNG No trade

Gyps coprotheres (EN) Cape Griffon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland No trade

Gyps rueppellii (CR) Rüppell's Griffon 25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon No trade

Haliaeetus pelagicus (VU) Steller's Sea-Eagle 29/02/2008 No opinion iii) Kazakhstan No trade

Harpyopsis novaeguineae (VU) New Guinea Eagle 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia See page 38

Leucopternis occidentalis (EN) Grey-backed Hawk 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Ecuador, Peru No trade

Spizaetus bartelsi (EN)25 Javan Hawk-Eagle 30/11/2009 No opinion iii) Indonesia No trade

Micrastur plumbeus (VU) Plumbeous Forest-Falcon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Colombia, Ecuador No trade

Crax rubra (VU) Globose Curassow 22/04/1999 No opinion Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, No trade except from Mexico Panama (see page 38) Penelopina nigra (VU) Black Chachalaca 22/04/1999 No opinion Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico No trade

Polyplectron schleiermacheri (EN) Bornean Peacock-Pheasant 11/09/2009 No opinion iii) Indonesia No trade

25 Assessed by the IUCN as Nisaetus bartelsi

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place opinion 12/03/2009 No opinion iii) Malaysia No trade

Balearica pavonina (VU) Black Crowned-crane 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, CAR, Chad, No trade except from Ghana, DRC, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Niger and Nigeria (see page Bissau, Kenya, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra 38) Leone, Uganda Balearica regulorum (EN) Grey Crowned-crane 18/05/2010 No opinion iii) Angola, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, No trade Swaziland, Uganda Bugeranus carunculatus26 (VU) Wattled Crane 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Angola, Botswana, DRC, Ethiopia, Guinea Bissau, No trade Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe Pitta nympha (VU) Chinese pitta 11/09/2009 No opinion i) Brunei Darussalam, China, Dem. People’s Rep. of Korea, No trade Indonesia, Japan, Rep. of Korea 12/03/2009 No opinion iii) Malaysia No trade

18/07/2001 No opinion Viet Nam No trade

Amazona agilis (VU) Black-billed Amazon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Jamaica No trade

Amazona auropalliata (VU) Yellow-naped Amazon 22/04/1999 No opinion Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala No trade except from El Salvador (see page 38) Amazona collaria (VU) Yellow-billed Amazon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Jamaica No trade

Amazona oratrix (EN) Yellow-headed Amazon 23/06/1999 No opinion Puerto Rico No trade

Amazona ventralis (VU) Hispaniolan Amazon 23/06/1999 No opinion Dominican Republic, Haiti, Puerto Rico No trade

Aratinga euops (VU) Cuban Conure 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Cuba No trade

Aratinga solstitialis (EN) Sun Conure 23/06/1999 No opinion Suriname No trade

Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons (VU) Rufous-fronted Parakeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Colombia No trade

Brotogeris pyrrhoptera27 (EN) Grey-cheeked Parakeet 23/06/1999 No opinion iii) Ecuador No trade

10/09/1998 No opinion iii) Peru No trade

26 Opinion originally formed for Grus carunculatus 27 Opinion originally formed for Brotogeris pyrrhopterus

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place opinion Charmosyna aureicincta (CR)28 Red-throated Lorikeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Fiji No trade

Charmosyna palmarum (VU) Palm Lorikeet 23/06/1999 No opinion Solomon Islands No trade

Cyanoramphus unicolor (VU) Antipodes Green Parakeet 23/06/1999 No opinion iii) New Zealand No trade

Eos cyanogenia (VU) Biak Red Lory 10/09/1998 No opinion Indonesia No trade

Forpus xanthops (VU) Yellow-faced Parrotlet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Peru No trade

Hapalopsittaca fuertesi (CR) Fuertes's Parrot 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Colombia No trade

Lonchura oryzivora (VU) Java Sparrow 18/07/2001 No opinion Indonesia No trade

Loriculus flosculus (EN) Flores Hanging-Parrot 10/09/1998 No opinion Indonesia No trade

Lorius domicella (EN) Purple-capped Lory 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Pionites leucogaster (EN) White-bellied Caique 16/11/1999 No opinion Brazil No trade

Prioniturus luconensis (EN) Green-crowned Racket-tailed 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Philippines No trade Parrot Prosopeia splendens (VU) Crimson Shining-Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion Fiji No trade

Psittacus erithacus (VU) Grey Parrot 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Burundi See page 39

Pycnonotus zeylanicus (VU) Straw-crowned Bulbul 12/03/2009 No opinion iii) Malaysia No trade

Pyrrhura albipectus (VU) White-breasted Parakeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Ecuador No trade

Pyrrhura calliptera (VU) Brown-breasted Parakeet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Colombia No trade

Pyrrhura orcesi (EN) El Oro Conure 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Ecuador No trade

Pyrrhura viridicata (EN) Santa Marta Conure 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Colombia No trade

Tanygnathus gramineus (VU) Black-lored Parrot 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Touit melanonotus (EN) Black-eared Parrotlet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Brazil No trade

Touit surdus (VU) Golden-tailed Parrotlet 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Brazil No trade

Bubo blakistoni (EN) Blakiston's Fish-owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) China, Japan, Russian Federation No trade

Bubo philippensis (VU) Philippine Eagle-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Philippines No trade

28 Assessed by the IUCN as Charmosyna amabilis

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place opinion Nesasio solomonensis (VU) Fearful Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) PNG, Solomon Islands No trade

Otus angelinae (VU) Javan Scops-Owl 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Otus capnodes (CR) Anjouan Scops-owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Comoros No trade

Otus insularis (EN) Seychelles Scops-owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Seychelles No trade

Otus pauliani (CR) Comoro Scops-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Comoros No trade

Phodilus prigoginei (EN) African Bay Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) DRC No trade

Scotopelia ussheri (VU) Rufous Fishing-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone No trade

Tyto aurantia (VU) Bismarck Masked-Owl 16/02/2010 No opinion i) PNG No trade

Tyto inexspectata (VU) Minahassa Barn-Owl 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

Tyto nigrobrunnea (VU) Sula Barn-Owl 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia No trade

REPTILIA

Uromastyx aegyptia (VU) Dabb Lizard 14/09/2010 No opinion i) Egypt No trade

Uromastyx thomasi (VU) Oman Spiny-tailed Lizard 22/02/2000 No opinion Oman No trade

Conolophus pallidus (VU) Barrington Land Iguana 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Ecuador No trade

Conolophus subcristatus (VU) Galapagos Land Iguana 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Ecuador No trade

Varanus ornatus (VU) Ornate monitor 15/09/2008 No opinion Benin (wild and ranched), Ghana (wild and ranched) No trade

Peltocephalus dumerilianus (VU) Big-headed Amazon River Turtle 22/02/2000 No opinion Peru No trade

Podocnemis erythrocephala (VU) Red-headed Amazon River Turtle 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Colombia, Venezuela No trade

Podocnemis sextuberculata (VU) Six-tubercled Amazon River 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Peru No trade Turtle

Aldabrachelys gigantea (VU)29 Aldabra Giant Tortoise 14/09/2010 No opinion iii) Seychelles See page 41

Chelonoidis chilensis (VU) Argentine Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion30 Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay No trade except from Argentina (see page 41)

29 Assessed by IUCN as Geochelone gigantea 30 Opinion originally formed for Geochelone chilensis

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place opinion Geochelone elegans (VU) Indian Star Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Bangladesh, India, Myanmar See page 41

Geochelone sulcata (VU) African Spurred Tortoise 15/09/2008 No opinion Togo, Ghana (wild and ranched) No trade except from Ghana (see page 41) 18/05/2010 No opinion ii) Benin No trade

Gopherus polyphemus (VU) Gopher Tortoise 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) United States No trade

Indotestudo elongata (EN) Elongated Tortoise 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand No trade

Kinixys homeana (VU) Home's Hinge-back Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, DRC, Equatorial Guinea, No trade Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone

15/09/2008 No opinion Ghana (ranched) See page 41

Manouria emys (EN) Asian Giant Tortoise 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand No trade

01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Cambodia, Singapore, Viet Nam No trade

Manouria impressa (VU) Impressed Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Cambodia, China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand No trade

Testudo horsfieldii (VU) Afghan Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Afghanistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Russian No trade Federation, Turkmenistan 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) China, Pakistan No trade

AMPHIBIA

Ameerega cainarachi (VU) Cainarachi poison frog 12/06/2006 No opinion Peru (ranched) No trade

Ameerega pongoensis (VU) - 12/06/2006 No opinion Peru (ranched) No trade

Mantella haraldmeieri (VU) Haraldmeier's Mantella 11/09/2009 No opinion iii) Madagascar No trade

Mantella manery (VU) Marojezy Mantella 11/09/2009 No opinion iii) Madagascar No trade

ACTINOPTERYGII

Acipenser persicus (CR) Persian Sturgeon 18/05/2010 No opinion iii) Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation No trade

Acipenser schrenckii (CR) Amur Sturgeon 29/02/2008 No opinion iii) China No trade

01/03/2008 No opinion iii) Russian Federation No trade

Huso dauricus (CR) Great Siberian Sturgeon 29/02/2008 No opinion iii) China, Russian Federation No trade

INSECTA

Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name Date opinion put Type of No Countries Trade 2010-2014 in place opinion Ornithoptera meridionalis (EN) Southern Tailed Birdwing 15/05/2002 No opinion Indonesia No trade

BIVALVIA

Tridacna rosewateri (VU) - 15/05/2002 No opinion Mauritius No trade

Tridacna tevoroa (VU) Tevoro Clam 15/05/2002 No opinion Fiji No trade

22/05/2003 No opinion iii) PNG No trade

ANTHOZOA

Montipora caliculata (VU) - 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Tonga No trade

FLORA

Euphorbia horombensis (EN) - 12/06/2006 No opinion Madagascar See page 42

Prunus africana (VU) African Cherry 15/09/2008 No opinion iii) Madagascar See page 43

Swietenia macrophylla (VU) American mahogany 25/10/2005 No opinion iii) Panama See page 43

Annex I. Summary of trade in taxon/country combinations subject to EU no opinions since 2010 or earlier.

Trade to the EU-28 includes direct and indirect trade, while trade to the rest of the world (RoW) includes direct trade only31. If importer- and exporter- reported figures differ, both are given. Importer-reported figures are listed first, and exporter-reported figures are listed below [in grey font and in square brackets]. If trade 2010-2014 involves fewer than 500 units32, this is considered to be ‘Low’ and details are given. If trade involves 500-1000 units, this is considered to be ‘Moderate’, and if trade involves more than 1000 units, this is considered to be ‘High’. If trade is considered to be moderate or high, only the main terms and sources are indicated between brackets. All no opinions refer to wild-sourced specimens unless otherwise indicated.

China 2014 1 skin - - - -

Kazakhstan - - - - - 1 trophy (H) Ovis ammon (NT) Argali 18/07/2001 No opinion 1 skull (-); 11 Russian 2 skins (P); 2 skulls - - trophies (H); 2 - - Federation (P); 11 trophies (H) trophies (P) High (kg meat. 1 skull (P) Lama guanicoe (LC) Guanaco 15/03/2005 No opinion Chile 2014 - 2014 [1 g hair] skins) [1 skin (P)] 3 derivatives (H); 13 teeth (H); 1 trophy Benin 2012 [11 teeth] (H); 2012 [12 teeth] - [12 teeth (H); 48 trophies (H)] Hippopotamus amphibius 27/01/1999 Hippopotamus No opinion (VU) CAR - - - - - 1 trophy (H) 5 trophies (H) [2 skulls (H); 2 Ethiopia - - - - - trophies (H); 48 tusks (H)]

31 Therefore EU-28 and RoW trade cannot be totalled, as indirect trade into the EU-28 may include trade previously reported to the RoW. 32 Units refer to any standardised measure of trade, including number of individuals, skins or trophies, weight in kg, and volume in m3

Uzbekistan - - - - - [1 skin (P)] 1 skin (H); 7 trophies (H); 2 trophies (P); [1 skin (H); 4 Lynx rufus (LC) Bay Lynx 27/03/2007 No opinion Mexico - - 2010 [1 skin] [8 skins (H); 14 trophies (H)] trophies (H); 3 trophies (P)33] Hong Kong;

Prionailurus bengalensis - - - 2010 229 garments 1 garment (-) Leopard Cat 14/09/2007 No opinion SAR (LC) Malaysia - - - - - [2 bodies (Q)] 6 carvings (P); 13 claws (P); 4 leather products (E); 13 skin pieces (P); 1 skin (L); 29 skins (P); 12 skulls (P); 7 teeth (P); 1 trophy 1 skin (P); 1 skull (P) [73 g carvings (P); 4 [2 claws (P); 2 skin Ursus maritimus (VU) Polar Bear 26/05/2008 No opinion Greenland - - - - carvings (P); 5 pieces (P); 1 skin (E); claws (P); 9 skin 1 skin (P)] pieces (P); 4 skin pieces (E); 1 skin (E); 1 skin (L); 37 skins (P); 3.5 kg skulls (P); 10 skulls (P); 7 teeth (P)] 1 body (P); 0.6 kg 1 bone; 3 carvings; 2 bone carvings (Q); 1 Monodon monoceros34 1 kg tusks Narwhal 16/02/2010 No opinion ii) Canada 2014 carvings (P); 1 horn 2014 1 ivory piece; 4 bone (E); 11 carvings (NT) [6 tusks] (P); 2 skulls (P); 1 skulls; 68 teeth; 1 (P); 1 tooth (P); 1

33 Three trophies (P) reported as Lynx rufus escuinapa 34 Species included in Annex A

EU-28 Trade RoW Trade Date Party Last Commercial Last Type of No Other trade Commercial Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name opinion put (source; if comm trade comm Other trade summary Opinion summary 2010- trade summary in place not wild) ercial summary ercial 2010-2014 (purpose) 2014 (purpose) 2010-2014 trade 2010-2014 trade tooth (E); 49 teeth trophy; 222 tusks trophy (P); 21.83 kg (P); 2 trophies (P); and 1.8 kg of tusks (P); 38 tusks (P) 44.6 kg & 211 tusks; tusks; [1 body (E); 1 bone 6 tusks (E) [1 kg bone pieces; (P); 1 carving (P); 2 [1 skin (P); 7 skulls 1 carving; 1 carvings (Q); 5 ivory (P); 2 teeth (P); 4 skeleton; 3 skins; 1 pieces (P); 1 skeleton tusks (E); 378 tusks skull; 25 teeth; 1 (E); 1 skin (P); 7 skulls (P); 1 tusk (Q)] trophy; 387 tusks] (P); 2 trophies (P); 2 tusks (H); 2 tusks (P)] 1 tusk (P); High (carvings, Greenland - - - - [2 carvings (P); 3 tusks tusks) (P)] Equus zebra hartmannae Hartmann's Mountain 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Angola - - - - - 1 skin (Q) (VU) Zebra 1 body (P); 1 trophy Manis temminckii (VU) Cape Pangolin 10/12/1999 No opinion South Africa - - - - - (E) [2 bodies (E)] Red-faced Black Spider 8 live; Ateles paniscus (VU) 27/01/1999 No opinion Guyana - - - 2010 30 live (Z) Monkey [60 live] 157 live; 8 live (B); 42 live (Z) Cebus olivaceus (LC) Weeper Capuchin 27/01/1999 No opinion Guyana - - - 2014 [188 live] [22 live (Z)] Saguinus imperator (LC) Emperor Tamarin 27/01/1999 No opinion Peru - - - - - 1 live (Z)

Saguinus mystax (LC) Moustached Tamarin 27/01/1999 No opinion Peru - - - - - 1 live (Z) 1 live (B) Cercocebus atys (VU) Sooty Mangabey 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Ghana - - - - - [1 live (Z)] Cercopithecus ascanius Black-cheeked White- 2 live (H); live (Z) 27/01/1999 No opinion Uganda - - - - - (LC) nosed Monkey [4 live (Z)] Cercopithecus cephus Moustached Monkey 27/01/1999 No opinion Cameroon 2010 1 trophy - - - 1 trophy (H) (LC) 3 trophies (H); Cercopithecus mitis (LC) Blue Monkey 05/09/2002 No opinion Ethiopia - - [1 trophy (H)] - - [1 trophy (H)] Chlorocebus aethiops Grivet Monkey 05/09/2002 No opinion Ethiopia - - - - - 1 trophy (H) (LC) 21 live (B); 35 live (Z); 1 skin (P); 3 Eastern Black-and-white 2 skins (H); 2 skulls Colobus guereza (LC) 27/01/1999 No opinion Ethiopia - - trophies (H); 2014 [22 live] Colobus (H); 28 trophies (H) [7 trophies (H)] [27 trophies (H)] AVES

Psittaciformes (NA) Parrots 15/03/2005 No opinion iii) Nicaragua - - 1 live (E) - - -

EU-28 Trade RoW Trade Date Party Last Commercial Last Type of No Other trade Commercial Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name opinion put (source; if comm trade comm Other trade summary Opinion summary 2010- trade summary in place not wild) ercial summary ercial 2010-2014 (purpose) 2014 (purpose) 2010-2014 trade 2010-2014 trade Nicaragua - - - Psittaciformes (NA) Parrots 15/03/2005 No opinion iii) 2012 [1 live] (ranched) Aves (NA) Birds 15/03/2005 No opinion iii) Nicaragua - - 1 live (E) - - - Nicaragua - - - Aves (NA) Birds 15/03/2005 No opinion iii) 2012 [1 live] - (ranched) Tauraco macrorhynchus35 Yellow-billed Turaco 13/05/1998 No opinion iii) Ghana - - - 2013 60 live 6 skins (H) (LC) Little Banded 10 live Accipiter badius (LC) 05/09/2002 No opinion Uzbekistan - - - 2014 - Sparrowhawk [14 live] Harpyopsis novaeguineae New Guinea Eagle 16/02/2010 No opinion i) PNG - - - - - High (feathers, P) (VU) Hieraaetus wahlbergi (LC) Wahlberg's Eagle 25/10/2005 No opinion Cameroon 2011 [1 live] - - - - Stephanoaetus coronatus African Crowned Eagle 25/10/2005 No opinion iii) Cameroon 2011 [1 live] - - - - (NT) Falco deiroleucus (NT) Orange-breasted Falcon 16/02/2010 No opinion i) Belize - - - - - [2 live (N)] 86 trophies (H); 31 trophies (P); 8 feathers 1 body (H); 7 trophies Crax rubra (VU) Globose Curassow 22/04/1999 No opinion Mexico - - 2013 (H); [3 trophies (H)] [3 trophies] [218 trophies (H); 2 skins (H)] Ghana - - - 2013 [20 live] -

Balearica pavonina (VU) Black Crowned-crane 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Niger - - - - - [6 live (P)]

Nigeria - - - - - 8 live (P) Greater Sulphur-crested [18 feathers (E), 156 Cacatua galerita (LC) 23/06/1999 No opinion PNG - - [1 feather (P)] - - Cockatoo feather (P)] Agapornis pullarius (LC) Red-faced Lovebird 22/04/1999 No opinion Benin - - [2 live (P)] - - - 1 feather (P); 2 live Amazona aestiva (LC) Blue-fronted Amazon 16/02/2010 No opinion iii) Paraguay - - (P) 2010 [1 live] [6 live (P)] [5 live (P)] Amazona auropalliata Yellow-naped Amazon 22/04/1999 No opinion El Salvador - - - - - [1 live (P)] (VU) Amazona ochrocephala Trinidad and Yellow-crowned Amazon 23/06/1999 No opinion - - 1 live (P) - - - (LC) Tobago

35 Opinion originally formed for Musophaga porphyreolopha.

Aratinga wagleri (LC) Red-fronted Conure 23/06/1999 No opinion Peru - - - 2014 High (live) - Poicephalus robustus Brown-necked Parrot 18/05/2010 No opinion i) South Africa - - - - - 68 live (-) (LC) Poicephalus senegalus Burkina Faso - - 1 live (P) - - - Senegal Parrot 16/11/1999 No opinion (LC) Niger - - - - - [7 live (B, P)]

Burundi - - - - - 1 live (P) Psittacus erithacus (VU) Grey Parrot 18/05/2010 No opinion i) Mali - - - 2014 High (live) 30 live (Z) 29 small Rhea americana (NT) Common Rhea 18/07/2001 No opinion Argentina 2011 leather - - - - products 260 live Otus brucei (LC) Pallid Scops-Owl 05/09/2002 No opinion Uzbekistan - - - 2014 - [335 live] REPTILIA 40 small leather Caiman crocodilus South American products 14/09/2007 No opinion Colombia 2014 - - - - crocodilus Spectacled Caiman [39 small leather products] Brown Spectacled Caiman crocodilus fuscus 22/02/2000 No opinion Panama - - - 2013 [300 skins] - Caiman [6 small leather Caiman crocodilus yacare Yacare Caiman 22/02/2000 No opinion Argentina 2014 - - - - products] 155 live Uromastyx ocellata (LC) Eyed Dabb Lizard 22/02/2000 No opinion Ethiopia - - - 2012 - [420 live] Ghana Chamaeleo gracilis (LC) Graceful Chameleon 15/09/2008 No opinion - - - 2010 45 live - (ranched) Chamaeleo senegalensis Ghana 146 live Senegal Chameleon 15/09/2008 No opinion - - - 2010 - (LC) (ranched) [100 live] Tupinambis merianae Argentine Black and 27/03/2007 No opinion Uruguay - - - 2014 40 live - (LC)36 White Tegu

36 Assessed by the IUCN as Salvator merianae

Lao PDR - - - 2010 High (live) - 2 small leather Philippines - - - 2011 - products 17.5 small 200 skins Viet Nam 2014 leather - 2013 3 live (P) [132 skins] Varanus salvator (LC) Common Water Monitor 14/09/2007 No opinion products 108 small leather Thailand 2014 products - - - - [4 small leather products] African Burrowing Ghana 13 live Moderate (live) Calabaria reinhardtii 02/12/2008 No opinion i) 2014 - 2014 - Python (ranched) [30 live] [20 live] Moderate: leather 12 small leather products, products Python brongersmai (LC) Blood Python 03/12/2010 No opinion iii) Malaysia 2014 garments - 2012 - [1 small leather [High: leather product] products, garments] [1 small leather Moderate (small Python molurus Asiatic Rock Python 18/07/2001 No opinion Viet Nam 2013 product, 15 skin - 2012 - leather products) pieces] 22/02/2000 No opinion South Africa - - 1 skin (H) - - - [101 small leather [3 small leather Python sebae African Python 25/10/2005 No opinion iii) Niger - - - 2013 products] products (P)] 15/09/2008 No opinion 150 skins Togo - - - 2014 - [100 live]

Geochelone elegans (VU) Indian Star Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Bangladesh - - - - - [9 live (E)] Ghana - - - 2014 50 live - Geochelone sulcata (VU) African Spurred Tortoise 15/09/2008 No opinion (ranched)

Ghana - - - 2014 [372 live] - 40 live Indotestudo elongata (EN) Elongated Tortoise 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Viet Nam 2011 [60 live] - 2013 - [140 live] Ghana 15/09/2008 No opinion - - - 2014 320 live - Bell's Hinged-backed (ranched) Kinixys belliana Tortoise 24 live 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) South Africa 2014 - - - - [86 live] 68 live 496 live Benin 2014 - 2014 - [30 live] [462 live] No opinion i) Benin Kinixys erosa (DD) Common Tortoise 03/12/2010 - - - 2014 10 live - (ranched) Togo No opinion iii) - - - 2013 3 live - (ranched) Home's Hinge-back Ghana Kinixys homeana (VU) 15/09/2008 No opinion - - - 2014 48 live - Tortoise (ranched) Natal Hinge-backed 3 live Kinixys natalensis (NT) 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) South Africa 2014 - - - - Tortoise [16 live] Manouria emys (EN) Asian Giant Tortoise 01/07/2004 No opinion iii) Malaysia 2010 7 live - 2010 19 live [2 bodies (Q)]

Leopard Tortoise 25/06/2004 No opinion iii) Zambia39 2011 Moderate (live) - 2014 High (live) -

37 Opinion originally formed for Geochelone carbonaria 38 Opinion originally formed for Geochelone chilensis 39 Refer to CIRCA for details relating to captive breeding

EU-28 Trade RoW Trade Date Party Last Commercial Last Type of No Other trade Commercial Taxon (IUCN Red List) Common name opinion put (source; if comm trade comm Other trade summary Opinion summary 2010- trade summary in place not wild) ercial summary ercial 2010-2014 (purpose) 2014 (purpose) 2010-2014 trade 2010-2014 trade Stigmochelys pardalis [2 carapaces (P); 4 10/12/1999 No opinion40 Namibia - - - - - (LC) shells (H)] ACTINOPTERYGII Giant Humphead 11 live 18 live 1 live Cheilinus undulatus (EN) 29/02/2008 No opinion Australia 2012 8 live (Z) 2014 Wrasse [16 live] [17 live] [2 live (Z)] 42.275 kg Huso huso (CR) Beluga 18/05/2010 No opinion iii) Azerbaijan 2010 - - - - caviar ARACHNIDA Ghana Pandinus imperator Emperor Scorpion 15/09/2008 No opinion 2013 Moderate (live) - 2013 High (live) - (ranched) INSECTA Ornithoptera tithonus Tithonus Birdwing 30/11/2009 No opinion i) Indonesia - - - 2014 80 bodies - (DD) Indonesia Troides andromache (NT) 30/11/2009 No opinion i) 2010 40 bodies - 2013 Moderate (bodies) - N/A (ranched) BIVALVIA

15/05/2002 No opinion Micronesia - - - 2011 72 live 8 shells Micronesia Hippopus hippopus Bear-paw Clam (Born in (LR/cd) 30/11/2009 No opinion i) captivity [F1 2014 High (live) - 2014 High (live) - and subsequent]) FLORA Philippines Tillandsia xerographica Xerographic Tillandsia 09/10/2003 No opinion iii) (artificially - - - 2014 High (live) - propagated) High (stems, High (carvings, Cactaceae (NA) Cacti 30/11/2009 No opinion iii) Peru 2014 timber, dried - 2014 - stems, live plants) plants) Euphorbia horombensis 12/06/2006 No opinion Madagascar 2010 50 live - - - - (EN) N/A Pachypodium 376 live 100 live 12/06/2006 No opinion Madagascar 2014 - 2014 - horombense N/A [301 live] [125 live]

40 Opinion originally formed for Geochelone pardalis

Gyrinops versteegii 12/06/2006 No opinion Indonesia - - - 2014 High (chips in kg) - N/A

Angraecum praestans 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar 2013 10 live - - - [1 live (P)] N/A

Erasanthe henrici 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar - - - 2013 130 live - N/A

Eulophiella elisabethae 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar 2013 5 live - 2013 [7 live] - N/A

Eulophiella roempleriana 29/02/2008 No opinion Madagascar - - - 2011 [6 live] - N/A

Cyclamen coum 26/05/2008 No opinion iii) Georgia - - - 2012 High (live, roots) - N/A 18/11/1998 No opinion ii) Congo 2011 [221 kg (bark)] - 2014 High (kg bark) - Prunus africana (VU) African Cherry 15/09/2008 No opinion iii) Madagascar 2010 [20 kg bark] - - - - Moderate (m3 Honduras 2014 22.09 m3 timber 0.003 m3 timber (-) 2014 timber) 184.35 m3 timber (-) 25/10/2005 No opinion iii) Swietenia macrophylla American mahogany Panama - - - 2011 149.35 m3 timber - (VU) 49.31 m3 timber 03/12/2010 No opinion ii) Peru 2011 [29.97 m3 - 2014 High (timber in m3) - timber]

Annex II

Annex II. Country name abbreviations.

Abbreviation Country Bolivia Plurinational State of Bolivia CAR Central African Republic Dem. People's Rep. of Korea Democratic People's Republic of Korea DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Lao PDR Lao People's Democratic Republic Micronesia Federated States of Micronesia PNG Papua New Guinea Rep. of Korea Republic of Korea Rep. of Moldova Republic of Moldova Syrian Arab Rep. Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan, POC Taiwan, Province of China Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania United States United States of America Venezuela Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela