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Peace Watch June 2004

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JUNE 2004 5 www.usip.org/iraq Vol. X, No. 2 6 Needed: A New Regional Security Arrangement UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE ■ WASHINGTON, DC ■ www.usip.org 7 The Devil’s Life- blood 8 How to Rebuild Iraq 10 The Missing Weapons 11 The Politics of Religion in Iraq 12 Afghanistan’s Constitution 13 Middle East Chil- dren’s Association 14 The Path to Peace in Kosovo 15 A War Averted Institute Launches Major New Initiative on Iraq Congressional appropriation aims to promote peace and stability. From left: recent congressional priation for the Institute over the congressional leaders of the rele- George Ward, appropriation autho- next three years. The bipartisan vance and value of our programs,” Institute Profes- rizes the Institute to congressional appropriation was said Institute president Richard sional Training bring the full range sponsored by Senator Tom Har- Solomon. “We are committed to director; Paul of its analytical kin (D-Iowa) and Senator Ted ensuring that these funds have a Bremer, CPA and operational Stevens (R-Alaska). The Institute meaningful impact on the situa- Administrator; experience to is using these funds to work with tion in Iraq.” Dan Serwer, bear on the Iraqis to prevent and reduce inter- Harriet Hentges, Institute Peace and Sta- complex chal- ethnic and interreligious violence, executive vice president, said, “the bility Operations A director; and lenges facing Iraq in the post– speed up stabilization and democ- Institute staff will draw on con- Saddam Hussein era. The Iraq ratization, and reduce the need for siderable knowledge of and expe- Ray Salvatore supplemental bill signed by Presi- a continuing U.S. presence in Iraq. rience in environments emerging Jennings, Insti- dent Bush in November 2003 “This appropriation constitutes from intense violence to develop tute chief of includes a $10 million appro- a tangible acknowledgment by See Initiative on Iraq, page 2 party in Iraq. 2 Initiative on Iraq continued from page 1 “We are committed to ensuring that these funds have a meaning- General David ful impact on the situation in Iraq.” —Richard Solomon Petraeus, former commander of the Army’s 101st of other organizations that have cials build their conflict manage- Airborne Divi- operated in hostile environments, ment skills to support the policies sion, spoke at an the Institute has developed a of their new democratic leader- Institute-spon- detailed security manual to guide ship—after decades of dictator- sored event in Institute staff on issues ranging ship that gravely damaged the March. from vehicle safety to kidnapping human infrastructure needed for and hostage situations. “Ensuring effective governance. “The success the safety of our staff is our high- of the political leadership of the est priority,” said Solomon. new government will depend on having top-quality, nonpolitical The Institute’s Activities civil servants who can carry out their professionalTraining responsibilities,” The Institute’s prospective said Ward. The first two work- projects for Iraq continue to be shops in this series were held in and implement projects in the defined as more information April in cooperation with the Lessonscontext learned of Iraq’s shifting political becomes available and as staff National Defense University, with circumstances.” The Institute’s are added, but several are already two more workshops planned for goals are clear, she said: prevent- underway. Led by George Ward, May and June. Later, the Institute ing interethnic and interreligious director of the Professional plans to conduct the program in violence, promoting the rule of Training Program, interviews Iraq. law, training and educating lead- were conducted to capture the The Professional Training Pro- ers for a democratic Iraq, and lessons learned by key U.S. per- gram is also preparing to launch training incoming U.S. civilian sonnel as they return from Iraq. and military leadership on lessons “There have been very few learned from former U.S. staff in lessons-learned projects under- Iraq. According to Hentges, the taken by civilian agencies,” said Institute is launching programs in Ward. “This project will debrief response to demands from Iraqis civilian and military personnel Peace Watch (ISSN 1080-9864) is published six times a year by the United States Institute while taking the security situation who have worked on a range of Peace, an independent, nonpartisan fed- eral institution created by Congress to pro- into account. of reconstruction projects.” mote the peaceful resolution of international The logistics of working in The interviews—recorded on conflicts. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect views of the Institute or its what remains a very dangerous video—have been packaged into a Board of Directors. To receive Peace Watch, visit our web site environment have necessitated briefing module along with other (www.usip.org); write to the United States an unusual degree of preparation relevant material for distribu- Institute of Peace, 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20036-3011; call 202- for Institute staff. Ray Salvatore tion via DVD to personnel newly 429-3832; or fax 202-429-6063. Jennings, a postwar development assigned to Iraq. The result will President: Richard H. Solomon specialist and former Institute be the effective transmission of Executive Vice President: Harriet Hentges senior fellow, has been hired as lessons learned and best practices Publications Director: Mike Graham Reconciliation the Institute’s chief of party in from those returning from Iraq to Editor: David Aronson Production Manager: Marie Marr Jackson Iraq. He has been in Baghdad new personnel assigned to recon- conducting an assessment of struction efforts in that country Photo Credits: Staff, AP/ Wide World Photos security and logistical needs and and other conflict zones. Board of Directors Chairman: Chester A. Crocker. Vice Chair- making plans for activities on The Institute has also initiated man: Seymour Martin Lipset. Members: the ground. Jennings has estab- a training program for officials Betty F. Bumpers, Holly J. Burkhalter, Laurie S. Fulton, Charles Horner, Stephen D. Kras- lished an Institute presence in of the new Iraqi government ner, Mora L. McLean, María Otero, Daniel Pipes, Barbara W. Snelling, J. Robinson Baghdad—a combined office and charged with national security West. Members ex officio: Lorne W. Craner, residence provided by the Coali- responsibilities. Led by Ward and Department of State; Michael M. Dunn, National Defense University; Douglas J. tion Provisional Authority (CPA). program officer Michael Lekson, Feith, Department of Defense; Richard H. Benefiting from the experience the training will help Iraqi offi- Solomon, Institute president (nonvoting). Conflict management 3 Ayad Allawi (left), chairs his first meeting with the new Training Iraqi interim government in Baghdad, Iraq, on June 2, 2004. a multiphase project designed to reduce tensions among Iraq’s ethnic and religious groups by The Institute’s goals are clear: preventing interethnic and interreligious violence, training Iraqi facilitators to con- promoting the rule of law, training and educating leaders for a democratic Iraq, duct results-oriented dialogues among government and civil and training incoming U.S. civilian and military leadership on lessons learned society leaders. The first phase of from former U.S. staff in Iraq. —Harriet Hentges the project, which is being orga- nized by program officer Anne tive, in partnership with Coventry The Rule of Law Program, Henderson, took place in May, Cathedral, contributes to the led by Neil Kritz, held its first when the Institute conducted a establishment of an Iraqi Center seminar in April for high-rankingDialogue conflict management skills work- for Dialogue, Reconciliation, and Iraqis to help in the design and shop in Baghdad for forty Iraqis Peace. The religious landscape establishment of an Iraqi Special from the capital and outlying cit- of Iraq—with a long oppressed Tribunal to prosecute the per- ies, including Kirkuk. In July, the but fragmented Shiite majority, a petrators of atrocities under the Institute will conduct a follow-up once-privileged Sunni minority, former regime, including Saddam workshop for twenty alumni of a substantial Kurdish population Hussein himself. The seminar, the initial trainings, which will habituated to a deSpecial facto autonomy, whichtribunal was held in Amsterdam, complete their preparation as and a small Christian commu- brought together a broad range conflict management facilitators. nity—is the setting for an intense of international experts with Iraqi These Iraqi facilitators will then and sometimes violent competi- lawyers and judges, and focused organize and conduct dialogues tion for political dominance. on the legal and practical aspects Reconciliationamong leading civil society and “The successful transformation of of establishing a tribunal. Further government representatives of Iraq to a pluralistic and tolerant technical assistance will be pro- all ethnic and religious groups in democracy will require vigorous vided to Iraqis who will work on their governorates. The dialogues efforts to promote religious peace,” the tribunal. will help participants develop con- said Smock. Key religious lead- The Research and Studies structive approaches to governance ers in Iraq have already given the Program, in cooperation with the that transcend ethnic and religious center their blessing and indicated U.S. Army’s Center for Peace- divisions. a willingness
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