Unison Canadian Choral Compositions: Selection and Analysis for Schools
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UNISON CANADIAN CHORAL COMPOSITIONS: SELECTION AND ANALYSIS FOR SCHOOLS Rodger James Beatty A thesis submitted in ~nforrnitywith the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Leaming Ontario lnstitute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto O Copyright Rodger James Beatty 1999 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1+1 ,Ca", du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, me Wellington OîtawaON K1AON4 Ottawa ON KI A ON4 Canada Canada Your liia Vofre refërence ovr me ~otrereferenw The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sell reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform7 vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electmnic formats. la forme de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced with~utthe author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. UNISON CANADIAN CHORAL COMPOSITIONS: SELECTION AND ANALYSIS FOR SCHOOLS Ed.D., 1999 Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Leaming Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto by Rodger James Beatty ABSTRACT The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to identify and describe criteria for seleciion and analysis of unison Canadian choral compositions. It was further expected that this investigation would discover and result in an analytical guidelist of unison Canadian choral repertoire published by Leslie Music Supply (1970-1 995) suitable for performance by first-, second-, and third- grade Canadian elernentary school pupils. Furthermore, the purpose of the study in this context was to describe the historical growth of Leslie Music Supply, Inc. of Oakville, Ontario over the period of tirne from 1970 to 1998. Data were wllected by personal interviews, historical record search, investigator search and analysis, analysis by expert evaluators; and testing by classroom teachers. The findings suggest that the framework for analysis, the guidelines for analysis and the analytical selective guidelist of unison Canadian choral compositions published by Leslie Music Supply, Inc. (1970-1 995) suitable for performance by first-, second-, and third-grade elementary school pupils have great utility for use in selecting unison choral repertoire and may assist the classroom teacher of music in taking on the role of teacher as curriculum maker. The results suggest that the frarnework for analysis and guidelines for analysis wuld be applied with wnsistency by elementary school teachers of music in the analysis of unison choral repertoire. The qualitative data provided a deep reflection on the historical development of Leslie Music Supply, Inc. as an important Canadian educational music publishing Company. The findings of the study revealed how significant historical events, historical contexts, and criteria for publication shaped the quality, variety, and number of unison Canadian choral compositions published by Leslie Music Supply, Inc. available for seiection and use with pupils. The results suggest that the CO-owners of Leslie Music Supply, Inc. foster strong interpersonal refationships with wmposers, colleagues in the Canadian music publishing industry, and customers. The cornparison of the music compositional criteria for the creation/selection of unison choral music by wmposers, publisher and expert teachers found that al1 three groups used common factors. Data showed that the criteria used for selection of music for publication included both music compositional concerns and anticipated marketablity. Results also emerged demonstrating the influence and power publishers have on teacher curriculum decision making. The results of this study also suggest that teachers have a vital role to play in impacting <jn the educational music publishing industry by influencing cornposers and by selecting and rejecting choral music judiciously. Findings of the present study suggest further research is required into the ongoing developrnent of procedural knowledge of the novice music teacher in becoming the expert music teacher. Further research is also needed to more fully understand the exact music criteria used by educational music publishers in their selection of unison choral music for publication. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There were many colleagues, friends and family who provided assistance, offered güidame along the route, and helped make the joumey of this thesis corne to fruition. First, I sincerely acknowledge my thesis committee: Dr. John A. Ross, OISEfUT. Dr. Patricia M. Shand, Faculty of Music, University of Toronto. and Dr. Elizabeth M. Smyth, OISE/UT. Each contributed in significant ways in influencing my work. John Ross, who supervised my thesis, generously gave constructive advice and ongoing support. He challenged me to examine my work from new perspectives. Thank you, John, for your wise counsel, inspiration and encouragement. Patricia Shand planted the embryo of this thesis during a graduate course a few years ago. She helped me refine my genesis of thought, guided it's growth and evolution during the pilot study, and became my "sounding-board" on matters musical during the quest of this thesis. Thank you. Pat, for sharing your expertise and continuous encouragement. Elizabeth Smyth provided new perspectives to my thinking and writing throughout my study. She gave sage advice and enwuraged "my own voice". Thank you, Liz, for your valuable teachings and reflections during this joumey. I extend rny sincere thanks to the choral music experts on Panel 1 who graciously shared their expertise. As well, I sincerely thank the expert teachers on Panel 2 and their respective pupils who warmly opened the doors of their classroams so that others may leam. I thank the administrations of the District School Board of Niagara. the Grand Erie District School Board and Montcrest School for permitting the classroom testing. My sincere thanks are also extended to Joan Leslie and Pat VanderHeyden, co-owners of Leslie Music Supply, Inc. who provided rich perspectives on the historical development of the company. I thank them, too, for permission to reproduce the first page of each octavo in the analytical selective guidelist included in this thesis. I am obliged, also, to John Bird for his poignant views of the Canadian music publishing industry. I thank composers Michael Coghlan, Clifford Crawley and Nancy Telfer for their open sharing of their time and personal insights into their composing lives. Thank you Michael, Cliff and Nancy for your candid viewpoints. To my faculty and staff colleagues at the Faculty of Education, Brock University, I thank you for your strong collegial support and your ongoing encouragement during this journey. You warmly welcorned me into the academy and have demonstrated admirably what valued membership in a collegial cornmunity of learners really means. I extend a special word of thanks to my friends, especially Bryan, who kept me on an even keel and encouraged me through the many long hours of writing and re-writing. To Jane, thank you for "watching over me". Finally, to my mother, Violet, and to my late father, Orren, I especially thank for their generous love and support of all my endeavours. You taught me to be the best that I could be. Unfortunately. Dad, ywr life joumey ended More I was able to cornplete this thesis joumey. I know you would be very proud if you were still with us today. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 The Need............................................................................................ 1 The Rationale..................................................................................... 5 The Problem....................................................................................... 6 The Purpose of the Study................. .. ............................................. 8 Delimitations of the Study................................................................... 8 Definition of Terrn ............................................................................... 9 Summary ............................................................................................ 10 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE........................................................ 11 Teacher as Curriculum Maker ........................................................... 11 Publishers' Influence on Teacher Curriculum Decision Making........ 16 Selection of Textbooks/lnstructional Materials.................................. 19 The Music Publishing lndustry in Canada......................................... 20 Leslie Music Supply, Inc.................................................................... 22 Choral Music bperience................................................................... 23 Vocal Methodologies in Elementary Music Education....................... 24 The Selection of Choral Repertoire................................................... 27 Selection and Analysis - Canadian Music......................................... 31 The John Adaskin Project (Canadian